CN107740930B - 一种净化回收砷化氢气体的装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种净化回收砷化氢气体的装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN107740930B
CN107740930B CN201710954638.2A CN201710954638A CN107740930B CN 107740930 B CN107740930 B CN 107740930B CN 201710954638 A CN201710954638 A CN 201710954638A CN 107740930 B CN107740930 B CN 107740930B
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庞云玲
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Zishi Energy Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及工业废气回收技术领域,尤其涉及一种净化回收砷化氢气体的装置及方法,包括高低温箱、收集瓶以及设置于收集瓶内的气体通道和导热片,收集瓶位于高低温箱内;气体通道上具有分散孔,且气体通道沿收集瓶的高度方向设置,并与收集瓶的进气口连接;导热片沿收集瓶的高度方向设置,且沿周向设置在收集瓶的内壁上。本发明净化回收砷化氢气体的装置及方法采用低温吸附,吸附效率高,可实现尾气中砷化氢气体的回收,通过控制高低温箱的温度即可完成工作,处理工序操作简单,设备简单,所需成本低,为空气污染控制、冶炼尾气和半导体产品生产的尾气处理提供了一条新途径。

Description

一种净化回收砷化氢气体的装置及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及工业废气回收技术领域,尤其涉及一种净化回收砷化氢气体的装置及方法。
背景技术
砷化氢(Arsine,化学式AsH3)又称为砷化三氢、砷烷、胂,是最简单的砷化合物,是一种无色、剧毒,密度大于空气的气体,可溶于水及多种有机溶剂。在很多冶炼尾气中都含有砷化氢,如含砷化合物的矿石在潮湿或有水蒸气存在的条件下,加热后便以砷化氢的形式存在于尾气中。近年来,随着半导体行业的迅猛发展,砷化氢在半导体工业中广泛应用,可用于合成各种有机砷化合物,可用于外延气相沉积等,所用高纯砷化氢具有很昂贵的价格。砷化氢是剧毒物质,吸入250ppm的砷化氢便会迅速死亡,长期暴露在10ppm的环境中也可致命,砷的化合物也都具有不同程度的毒性,甚至致癌,而且砷及其化合物极难根除毒性。我国电子工业气体标准GB/T 26250-2010规定,砷化氢在放空前必须进行解毒处理;根据北京市大气污染物综合排放标准DB11/501-2007规定,砷及其化合物的最大排放量为0.3mg/m3,各地市均有不同的规定。
目前,尾气为多种气体的混合物,包括氮气、氢气、砷化氢、磷化氢等成分。常见工业尾气中的硫和磷等成分已有了较成熟的处理技术,含砷化氢尾气的净化在实际生产中还有很多问题,如净化设备的稳定性、生产规模的扩大、净化费用昂贵等。对含砷化氢尾气的处理一般会使用湿式、干式,干湿混合式三种,其中涉及湿法的方法容易引入含砷溶液的后续处理问题,相对来说干式方法在安全和清洁性上更有优势,但是脱砷催化剂有一定的吸附容量,穿透后再生工艺繁琐,寿命有限,砷化氢不能回收再利用。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是解决现有的尾气处理设备和方法对于砷化氢净化和回收处理具有局限性,工艺复杂,无法进行良好的后续回收使用的问题。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种净化回收砷化氢气体的装置,包括高低温箱、收集瓶以及设置于所述收集瓶内的气体通道和导热片,所述收集瓶位于所述高低温箱内;所述气体通道上具有分散孔,且所述气体通道沿所述收集瓶的高度方向设置,并与所述收集瓶的进气口连接;所述导热片沿所述收集瓶的高度方向设置,且沿周向设置在所述收集瓶的内壁上。
其中,所述气体通道具有多个所述分散孔,且所述分散孔沿所述收集瓶的瓶底至进气口的方向逐渐变小。
其中,所述气体通道为金属网,所述金属网与所述收集瓶的内壁之间填充有分子筛。
其中,所述导热片沿所述收集瓶的内壁周向均匀分布。
其中,所述高低温箱与所述收集瓶之间填充有软体导热介质。
其中,所述收集瓶的进气口连接进气管,且所述进气管伸出所述高低温箱,所述收集瓶的出气口连接出气管,且所述出气管伸出所述高低温箱并与回收支路连接;所述进气管上设有机械阀,所述出气管上设有安全阀。
其中,所述收集瓶与所述气体通道为一体式,所述收集瓶与所述导热片为一体式。
本发明还提供了一种利用上述的净化、回收砷化氢气体的装置的净化、回收砷化氢气体的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,将含砷化氢气体的尾气通过进气口通入收集瓶内;
S2,调控高低温箱的温度至-65℃以下;
S3,砷化氢气体转变为液体后,将剩余尾气通过出气口排出收集瓶;
S4,调控高低温箱的温度至-60℃以上;
S5,砷化氢液体转变为气体,通过出气口排出收集瓶回收。
其中,步骤S2中,调控高低温箱的温度至-65℃~-87℃。
其中,步骤S4中,调控高低温箱的温度至-50℃以上。
(三)有益效果
本发明的上述技术方案具有如下优点:本发明净化回收砷化氢气体的装置及方法,收集瓶设置于高低温箱内,含砷化氢气体的尾气从收集瓶的进气口进入收集瓶内的气体通道,通过气体通道上的分散孔扩散开来,高低温箱根据需要控制温度,低温时温控至-65℃以下,高温时温控至-50℃以上,以完成砷化氢状态转换为目的进行调温,高低温箱的温度通过导热片进一步传入收集瓶内。先将高低温箱的温度降低,尾气扩散入导热片间,其中的砷化氢气体低温液化成为液体留在收集瓶内,剩余气体从收集瓶的出气口排出瓶外,再将高低温箱的温度升高,砷化氢液体高温气化再次成为气体,由出气口放出回收,收集瓶瓶内空间得到释放。由此,本发明净化、回收砷化氢气体的装置采用低温吸附,吸附效率高,可实现尾气中砷化氢气体的回收,通过控制高低温箱的温度即可完成工作,处理工序操作简单,设备简单,所需成本低,为空气污染控制、冶炼尾气和半导体产品生产的尾气处理提供了一条新途径。
除了上面所描述的本发明解决的技术问题、构成的技术方案的技术特征以及有这些技术方案的技术特征所带来的优点之外,本发明的其他技术特征及这些技术特征带来的优点,将结合附图作出进一步说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例一净化回收砷化氢气体的装置的结构示意图;
图2是图1的A-A向剖面图;
图3是本发明实施例一净化回收砷化氢气体的装置的分散孔的结构示意图;
图4是本发明实施例二净化回收砷化氢气体的装置的结构示意图;
图5是图4的B-B向剖面图。
图中:1:高低温箱;2:收集瓶;3:气体通道;4:导热片;5:分子筛;6:进气管;7:出气管;8:机械阀;9:安全阀;31:分散孔。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外,在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”、“多根”、“多组”的含义是两个或两个以上,“若干个”、“若干根”、“若干组”的含义是一个或一个以上。
实施例一
如图1和图2所示,本发明实施例提供的净化回收砷化氢气体的装置,包括高低温箱1、收集瓶2以及设置于收集瓶2内的气体通道3和导热片4,收集瓶2位于高低温箱1内;气体通道3上具有分散孔31,且气体通道3沿收集瓶2的高度方向设置,并与收集瓶2的进气口连接;导热片4沿收集瓶2的高度方向设置,且沿周向设置在收集瓶2的内壁上。
本发明净化回收砷化氢气体的装置,收集瓶设置于高低温箱内,含砷化氢气体的尾气从收集瓶的进气口进入收集瓶内的气体通道,通过气体通道上的分散孔扩散开来,高低温箱根据需要控制温度,低温时温控至-65℃以下,高温时温控至-50℃以上,以完成砷化氢状态转换为目的进行调温,高低温箱的温度通过导热片进一步传入收集瓶内。先将高低温箱的温度降低,尾气扩散入导热片间,其中的砷化氢气体低温液化成为液体留在收集瓶内,剩余气体从收集瓶的出气口排出瓶外,再将高低温箱的温度升高,砷化氢液体高温气化再次成为气体,由出气口放出回收,收集瓶瓶内空间得到释放。由此,本发明净化回收砷化氢气体的装置采用低温吸附,吸附效率高,可实现尾气中砷化氢气体的回收,通过控制高低温箱的温度即可完成工作,处理工序操作简单,设备简单,所需成本低,为空气污染控制、冶炼尾气和半导体产品生产的尾气处理提供了一条新途径。
其中,如图3所示,气体通道3具有多个分散孔31,且分散孔31沿收集瓶2的瓶底至进气口的方向逐渐变小。气体通道用于在收集瓶内隔离出尾气进入的通道,且通过分散孔将尾气分散至气体通道外与导热片接触,本实施例中尾气经过气体通道后,从其下部的分散孔进入收集瓶的低温区,此时其中的砷化氢气体转变成液态被收集,这样可以使尾气到达收集瓶下部,路径长,与处于低温状态下的导热片接触时间延长,冷却更加充分。
具体的,导热片4沿收集瓶2周向均匀分布。高低温箱的温度通过周向的导热片进一步传到入收集瓶内,使得瓶内温度分布均匀一致,对于砷化氢的冷却与升温均具有积极作用。
其中,高低温箱1与收集瓶2之间填充有软体导热介质。高低温箱与收集瓶之间通过软体导热介质传递热量,热量传递至瓶身后通过导热片进一步传导至收集瓶内。软体导热介质可选用不固化的导热脂。
进一步的,收集瓶2的进气口连接进气管6,且进气管6伸出高低温箱1,收集瓶2的出气口连接出气管7,且出气管7伸出高低温箱1并与回收支路连接;进气管6上设有机械阀8,出气管7上设有安全阀9。含砷化氢气体的尾气从进气管通过机械阀进入收集瓶,砷化氢气体冷却液化后,剩余尾气通过安全阀由出气管排出;当收集瓶内砷化氢液体达到饱和状态后,关上机械阀,切换安全阀后面的管路阀门使出气口排出的气体通往回收支路。
其中,收集瓶2与气体通道3为一体式,收集瓶2与导热片4为一体式。收集瓶内设置导热片和气体通道,且分别与收集瓶为一体结构,使收集瓶内结构与外壁温度保持一致,导热片与气体通道之间可根据实际情况选择连接或分离。
实施例二
如图4和图5所示,本实施例提供的净化回收砷化氢气体的装置与实施例一基本相同,不同之处在于,气体通道3为金属网,金属网与收集瓶2的内壁之间填充有分子筛5。金属网一方面可以作为尾气通道将尾气分散至收集瓶内,同时支撑瓶内设置的分子筛,分子筛用于砷化氢气体吸附,利用极性吸附将砷化氢与尾气中占九成比例的氮气和氢气分离开。温度升高时,气体被放出回收,分子筛得以再生。本发明收集瓶内可以充填分子筛,也可以是其它类似作用物质,比如氧化铝、吸附树脂等。
实施例三
本发明实施例还提供了一种利用上述的净化回收砷化氢气体的装置的净化回收砷化氢气体的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,将含砷化氢气体的尾气通过进气口通入收集瓶内;
S2,调控高低温箱的温度至至-65℃以下;
S3,砷化氢气体转变为液体后,将剩余尾气通过出气口排出收集瓶;
S4,调控高低温箱的温度至-60℃以上;
S5,砷化氢液体转变为气体,通过出气口排出收集瓶回收。
本发明净化回收砷化氢气体的方法,含砷化氢气体的尾气从进气口通过机械阀进入收集瓶,收集瓶放置于高低温箱内,高低温箱温度可调,此时控温至-65以下;在收集瓶内,其中的砷化氢气体转变成液态被收集,剩余尾气通过安全阀由出气口排出收集瓶;当收集瓶达到饱和状态后,关上机械阀,切换安全阀后面的管路阀门使出气口排出的气体通往回收支路,调整高低温箱温度至-60℃以上,液态的砷化氢重新转变为气态,由出气口排出被回收。本发明净化回收砷化氢气体的方法采用低温吸附,吸附效率高,可实现尾气中砷化氢气体的回收,通过控制高低温箱的温度即可完成工作,处理工序操作简单,设备简单,所需成本低,为空气污染控制、冶炼尾气和半导体产品生产的尾气处理提供了一条新途径。
优选的,步骤S2中,调控高低温箱的温度至-65℃~-87℃。步骤S4中,调控高低温箱的温度至-50℃以上。
使用时,本发明中高低温箱用于调节温度,可优选液氮高低温箱,但不限于此,也可以是其它类型的高低温箱,比如压缩机式高低温温控装置。本发明收集瓶内可以充填分子筛,也可以不充填物质,具体结构不同。本发明的收集瓶、导热片和气体通道,可以为银、铜、铝等材质,但不限于此。
综上所述,本发明净化回收砷化氢气体的装置及方法,收集瓶设置于高低温箱内,含砷化氢气体的尾气从收集瓶的进气口进入收集瓶内的气体通道,通过气体通道上的分散孔扩散开来,高低温箱根据需要控制温度,低温时温控至-65℃以下,高温时温控至-60℃以上,以完成砷化氢状态转换为目的进行调温,高低温箱的温度通过导热片进一步传入收集瓶内。先将高低温箱的温度降低,尾气扩散入导热片间,其中的砷化氢气体低温液化成为液体留在收集瓶内,剩余气体从收集瓶的出气口排出瓶外,再将高低温箱的温度升高,砷化氢液体高温气化再次成为气体,由出气口放出回收,收集瓶瓶内空间得到释放。由此,本发明净化、回收砷化氢气体的装置采用低温吸附,吸附效率高,可实现尾气中砷化氢气体的回收,通过控制高低温箱的温度即可完成工作,处理工序操作简单,设备简单,所需成本低,为空气污染控制、冶炼尾气和半导体产品生产的尾气处理提供了一条新途径。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种净化回收砷化氢气体的装置,其特征在于:包括高低温箱、收集瓶以及设置于所述收集瓶内的气体通道和导热片,所述收集瓶位于所述高低温箱内;所述气体通道上具有分散孔,且所述气体通道沿所述收集瓶的高度方向设置,并与所述收集瓶的进气口连接;所述导热片沿所述收集瓶的高度方向设置,且沿周向设置在所述收集瓶的内壁上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的净化回收砷化氢气体的装置,其特征在于:所述气体通道具有多个所述分散孔,且所述分散孔沿所述收集瓶的瓶底至进气口的方向逐渐变小。
3.根据权利要求1所述的净化回收砷化氢气体的装置,其特征在于:所述气体通道为金属网,所述金属网与所述收集瓶的内壁之间填充有分子筛。
4.根据权利要求1所述的净化回收砷化氢气体的装置,其特征在于:所述导热片沿所述收集瓶的内壁周向均匀分布。
5.根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的净化回收砷化氢气体的装置,其特征在于:所述高低温箱与所述收集瓶之间填充有软体导热介质。
6.根据权利要求5所述的净化回收砷化氢气体的装置,其特征在于:所述收集瓶的进气口连接进气管,且所述进气管伸出所述高低温箱,所述收集瓶的出气口连接出气管,且所述出气管伸出所述高低温箱并与回收支路连接;所述进气管上设有机械阀,所述出气管上设有安全阀。
7.根据权利要求5所述的净化回收砷化氢气体的装置,其特征在于:所述收集瓶与所述气体通道为一体式,所述收集瓶与所述导热片为一体式。
8.一种利用权利要求1-7任意一项所述的净化回收砷化氢气体的装置的净化回收砷化氢气体的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1,将含砷化氢气体的尾气通过进气口通入收集瓶内;
S2,调控高低温箱的温度至-65℃以下;
S3,砷化氢气体转变为液体后,将剩余尾气通过出气口排出收集瓶;
S4,调控高低温箱的温度至-60℃以上;
S5,砷化氢液体转变为气体,通过出气口排出收集瓶回收。
9.根据权利要求8所述的净化回收砷化氢气体的方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,调控高低温箱的温度至-65℃~-87℃。
10.根据权利要求8所述的净化回收砷化氢气体的方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中,调控高低温箱的温度至-50℃以上。
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