CN107740114B - Electrochemical electroosmosis repairing and reinforcing device for defective concrete - Google Patents
Electrochemical electroosmosis repairing and reinforcing device for defective concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN107740114B CN107740114B CN201710956170.0A CN201710956170A CN107740114B CN 107740114 B CN107740114 B CN 107740114B CN 201710956170 A CN201710956170 A CN 201710956170A CN 107740114 B CN107740114 B CN 107740114B
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005477 standard model Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001462 antimony Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- JRLDUDBQNVFTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Sb+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JRLDUDBQNVFTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940075397 calomel Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KZLHPYLCKHJIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ir+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O KZLHPYLCKHJIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroplatinum Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)Cl FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinitrooxystannyl nitrate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxopalladium Chemical compound [Pd]=O HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003445 palladium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021506 iron(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/04—Controlling or regulating desired parameters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
- C23F13/16—Electrodes characterised by the combination of the structure and the material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
- C23F13/20—Conducting electric current to electrodes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F2201/00—Type of materials to be protected by cathodic protection
- C23F2201/02—Concrete, e.g. reinforced
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a defective concrete electrochemical electroosmosis repairing and reinforcing device, which is mainly used in main bodies and frame structures of civil buildings. Under the action of an electric field, pollutant ions are transferred from concrete, then cathodic protection is immediately carried out, intelligent control is realized by arranging a micro-current monitoring sensor and a micro-current recording and analyzing system between an external anode, an external cathode and a control system, and the defective concrete electrochemical electroosmosis repairing and reinforcing device which is good in working performance, low in cost, intelligent and convenient to construct is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of concrete, in particular to an electrochemical electroosmosis repairing and reinforcing device for defective concrete.
Background
Compared with other materials used for buildings, the concrete has low manufacturing cost, durability and convenient material taking, thereby becoming the main material of civil construction engineering such as underground facility structures, house buildings, bridge and tunnel structures, underwater engineering, gulf ports and the like. However, concrete is easily chemically corroded by harmful components in air, underground water and soil due to internal structure and hydration products, and has defects of strength, volume deformation, service life and the like, so that the performance of the concrete is reduced. So that the prior houses with more concrete structures lose the original structure function in advance when the prior houses do not reach the preset service life.
Concrete durability failure can be further classified into freeze-thaw failure, alkali-aggregate reaction, concrete carbonization, sulfate erosion, chloride erosion, and the like.
Carbonization of concrete in the case of durability deterioration of concrete is also called neutralization of concrete, in which calcium hydroxide, C-S-H gel, etc. in the cement stones in the concrete chemically react with carbon dioxide in the air under a suitable humidity condition to produce calcium carbonate and water. The disadvantages of carbonation for concrete are: a. the protection effect of the concrete on the steel bars is weakened. b. Increasing the shrinkage of the concrete. c. The loss of calcium hydroxide in large amount results in the decomposition of C-S-H gel and the pulverization of concrete.
Harmful ions in the concrete durability destruction:
(1) chloride ion: the chloride ions have strong permeability and are easy to permeate into the concrete, so that the corrosion battery is locally generated on the surface of the reinforcing steel bar of the concrete.
Fe- 2e = Fe2+ ； 2Cl- + Fe2 + + nH2O = FeCl2·nH2O ； FeCl2·nH2O → Fe(OH)2 + 2Cl- 。
The time required for the chloride ion concentration on the surface of the steel bar to reach the critical chloride ion concentration mainly depends on the quality of concrete, the thickness of a protective layer, the temperature and the humidity of the environment, the threshold concentration of corrosion generated on the steel bar and other factors.
(2) The sulfate attack sulfate ions react with the hydrated calcium aluminate in the cement to generate high-sulfur hydrated calcium sulfoaluminate, and the reaction formula is
The produced high-sulfur hydrated calcium sulphoaluminate contains a large amount of crystal water, and the volume of the crystal water is increased by more than 1.5 times than the original volume, so that the high-sulfur hydrated calcium sulphoaluminate plays a great role in expansion and damage of the set cement.
a. In the process of corrosion of concrete by sulfate, severe cracking is caused by the formation of ettringite. b. When chloride salt exists, the diffusion process is accelerated through the expansion channel, and the corrosion of the steel bars in the reinforced concrete is aggravated. c. When sulfate and chloride exist in a composite manner, the durability and service life of the reinforced concrete are seriously reduced.
Alkali-aggregate reaction: chemical interaction between the active silica in the aggregate and the alkaline oxygenates in the cement. The result of this reaction is the formation of complex alkali silicate gel on the aggregate surface, which expands infinitely in volume under continuous water absorption, and cracks the set cement and produces leakage of colloid, which can seriously damage the concrete structure.
Freeze-thaw damage: the destruction of concrete in a water-saturated state due to freeze-thaw cycling is called freeze-thaw cycling destruction. The concrete is in a water-saturated state and the alternate action of freeze-thaw cycles is a necessary condition for the freeze-thaw damage of the concrete.
Regarding concrete defects, the national specification GB50367-2013 provides a concrete reinforcing method for reinforcing concrete structure by selecting soaking fibers or fiber composite materials to be pasted so as to achieve the purpose of reinforcing strength aiming at insufficient strength; aiming at the internal defects, materials such as cement, superfine cement, epoxy resin slurry, polyurethane slurry and the like can be selected for injection or grouting for reinforcement.
The two methods provided in the specification have the following drawbacks: the sticking of the fiber or the fiber composite material is only a surface treatment method, and the problem cannot be fundamentally solved; (2) the problem of uneven concrete reinforcement exists when cement, epoxy and polyurethane grouting materials are injected or poured; (3) the above two methods cannot treat the corrosion hazard generated by chloride ions and sulfate ions.
The existing technology lacks of an electrochemical reinforcing and repairing device for the defective concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a defective concrete electrochemical electroosmotic repair reinforcement device that achieves the same degree of improvement over that achieved in conventional cathodic protection systems. Under the action of an electric field, pollutant ions are transferred from the concrete, cathode protection is carried out, and intelligent control is realized by arranging a micro-current monitoring sensor and a micro-current recording and analyzing system between an external anode and a control system and between an external cathode and the control system.
The invention aims to provide a concrete corrosion-resistant system which is good in working performance, low in cost, intelligent and convenient to construct.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the device is characterized by comprising concrete reinforced by reinforcing steel bars, a control system, electrodes, a micro-current monitoring sensor, a micro-current recording and analyzing system, an external equipment jack, a signal transmitter, a micro-current monitoring sensor and a micro-current recording and analyzing system, wherein the electrodes comprise external anodes and external cathodes, the electrodes are formed by graphene, the electrodes comprise conductive substrates, the graphene is arranged on the conductive substrates, and metal oxides are arranged on the surfaces of the graphene; graphene and metal oxide form a graphene/metal oxide electrode material; the conductive substrate comprises any one or the combination of at least two of a titanium plate, a graphite sheet, a stainless steel plate or a glassy carbon sheet; the metal oxide comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide, palladium oxide, platinum oxide, lead oxide, tin oxide or antimony oxide; preferably, the particle size of the metal oxide is 2nm to 2 μm, preferably 20nm to 400 nm.
The manufacturing steps of the electrode comprise:
(1) taking the conductive substrate/graphene electrode as a working electrode, adding an aqueous solution of a metal salt precursor into an electrolyte, performing an electrodeposition reaction by adopting a cyclic voltammetry method, and performing heat treatment on the electrode after the electrodeposition reaction is finished to obtain the conductive substrate/graphene/metal oxide electrode;
(2) and (2) depositing metal oxide on the conductive substrate/graphene electrode obtained in the step (1) by an electrodeposition method by using a glassy carbon sheet as a counter electrode, preferably a calomel electrode SCE as a reference electrode, and preparing the conductive substrate/graphene/metal oxide electrode, wherein the cycle number in the cyclic voltammetry in the electrodeposition reaction process is in the range of 6-6000, preferably 15-800, and further preferably 60-400.
The metal salt precursor in the step (1) comprises one or a mixture of two of iridium salt, palladium salt, platinum salt, lead salt and antimony salt.
Preferably, the iridium salt comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of iridium chloride, iridium acetate, potassium chloroiridate, sodium chloroiridate or ammonium chloroiridate.
Preferably, the palladium salt comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of palladium chloride, palladium acetate, palladium nitrate, potassium chloropalladate, sodium chloropalladate or ammonium chloropalladate.
Preferably, the platinum salt comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of platinum tetrachloride, chloroplatinic acid, platinum nitrate, potassium chloroplatinate, sodium chloroplatinate or ammonium chloroplatinate; preferably, the lead salt comprises lead acetate and/or lead nitrate.
Preferably, the tin salt comprises any one of tin chloride, tin sulfate or tin nitrate or a mixture of at least two of the same; preferably, the antimony salt comprises antimony chloride and/or antimony nitrate.
The concentration of the aqueous solution of the metal salt precursor is 0.2mM-300mM, preferably, the electrolyte is a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid and a KCl solution; preferably, the concentration of the electrolyte is 0.002M-2M, and the temperature of the electrolyte is preferably 10-80 ℃; preferably, the temperature of the heat treatment in the step (2) is 20-400 ℃; preferably, the time of the heat treatment in the step (2) is 0.4h-11 h.
The method also comprises a step of washing after the electrodeposition reaction in the step (2) and before the heat treatment: washing the electrode which finishes the electrodeposition reaction with deionized water; and (3) dripping polytetrafluoroethylene to the position without the graphene in the working area of the conductive substrate, and airing to ensure that the working area of the conductive substrate is completely covered by the graphene and the polytetrafluoroethylene so as to ensure that the metal oxide is only deposited on the surface of the graphene.
The cathodes are arranged every 60 square meters according to the design requirement, and are embedded in the middle according to the laying surface and elevation of each single loop of the corresponding anode, and the distance from the concrete structure surface is not less than 210mm and not more than 1600 mm.
The control system 4 is internally provided with two models, one is a standard model and the other is a correction model set, and the corresponding correction model is selected in time to correct various parameters according to the difference between the analysis and comparison monitoring data and the standard model of the micro-current recording and analyzing system.
A micro-current monitoring sensor is arranged between the external anode and the control system, real-time monitoring can be achieved, and the related equipment is intelligent equipment.
The intelligent equipment adopts a single chip microcomputer to monitor the whole operation process, automatically selects an operation mode according to data such as humidity, current and the like detected every day by setting waveform parameters and setting and selecting operation parameters, can perform real-time control, such as cathode protection setting, starting an anode, monitoring the data of the humidity and the current in real time, and correcting various parameters in time according to a built-in standard model and a correction model.
The intelligent equipment adopts a singlechip to monitor the whole operation process and adopts a human-computer control interface.
The pulse waveform of the intelligent equipment consists of positive pulse, negative pulse and zero level; the positive pulse waveform is the voltage waveform of each function of sine wave, triangular wave, square wave, sawtooth wave or step wave or the combination of several function waveforms, and the negative pulse is square wave.
The invention has convenient construction and good working performance; a low-cost intelligent concrete corrosion-resistant system is provided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a concrete corrosion resistant system of the present invention.
In fig. 1, 1 is concrete reinforced by steel bars, 101 is steel bars, 2 is an external anode, 3 is an external cathode, 4 is a control system, 501 is a micro-current monitoring sensor, 502 is a micro-current recording and analyzing system, 503 is an external device jack, 504 is a signal transmitter, 301 is a micro-current monitoring sensor, and 302 is a micro-current recording and analyzing system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a reinforcement device for electrochemical electroosmosis repair of defective concrete is characterized by comprising concrete 1 reinforced by steel bars, steel bars 101, external anodes 2, external cathodes 3, a control system 4, a micro-current monitoring sensor 501, a micro-current recording and analyzing system 502, an external device jack 503, a signal emitter 504, a micro-current monitoring sensor 301 and a micro-current recording and analyzing system 302, wherein the steel bars 101 are arranged in the concrete 1 reinforced by the steel bars, the external anodes 2 are connected with the control system 4, the micro-current monitoring sensor 301 is arranged between the external anodes 2 and the control system 4, the micro-current monitoring sensor 301 is connected with the micro-current recording and analyzing system 302, the external cathodes 3 are connected with the control system 4, the micro-current monitoring sensor 501 is arranged between the external cathodes 3 and the control system 4, and the micro-current monitoring sensor 501 is connected with the micro-current recording and analyzing system 502, the micro-current recording and analyzing system 502 is connected with a signal emitter 504, and an external equipment jack 503 is arranged on the micro-current recording and analyzing system 502.
The electrode is formed by graphene, and comprises a conductive substrate, wherein the graphene is arranged on the conductive substrate, and a metal oxide is arranged on the surface of the graphene; graphene and metal oxide form a graphene/metal oxide electrode material; the conductive substrate comprises any one or the combination of at least two of a titanium plate, a graphite sheet, a stainless steel plate or a glassy carbon sheet; the metal oxide comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide, palladium oxide, platinum oxide, lead oxide, tin oxide or antimony oxide; preferably, the particle size of the metal oxide is 2nm to 2 μm, preferably 20nm to 400 nm;
the manufacturing steps of the electrode comprise:
(1) taking the conductive substrate/graphene electrode as a working electrode, adding an aqueous solution of a metal salt precursor into an electrolyte, performing an electrodeposition reaction by adopting a cyclic voltammetry method, and performing heat treatment on the electrode after the electrodeposition reaction is finished to obtain the conductive substrate/graphene/metal oxide electrode;
(2) and (2) depositing metal oxide on the conductive substrate/graphene electrode obtained in the step (1) by an electrodeposition method by using a glassy carbon sheet as a counter electrode, preferably a calomel electrode SCE as a reference electrode, and preparing the conductive substrate/graphene/metal oxide electrode, wherein the cycle number in the cyclic voltammetry in the electrodeposition reaction process is in the range of 6-6000, preferably 15-800, and further preferably 60-400.
The metal salt precursor in the step (1) comprises one or a mixture of two of iridium salt, palladium salt, platinum salt, lead salt and antimony salt;
preferably, the iridium salt comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of iridium chloride, iridium acetate, potassium chloroiridate, sodium chloroiridate or ammonium chloroiridate;
preferably, the palladium salt comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of palladium chloride, palladium acetate, palladium nitrate, potassium chloropalladate, sodium chloropalladate or ammonium chloropalladate;
preferably, the platinum salt comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of platinum tetrachloride, chloroplatinic acid, platinum nitrate, potassium chloroplatinate, sodium chloroplatinate or ammonium chloroplatinate; preferably, the lead salt comprises lead acetate and/or lead nitrate;
preferably, the tin salt comprises any one of tin chloride, tin sulfate or tin nitrate or a mixture of at least two of the same; preferably, the antimony salt comprises antimony chloride and/or antimony nitrate.
The concentration of the aqueous solution of the metal salt precursor is 0.2mM-300mM, preferably, the electrolyte is a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid and a KCl solution; preferably, the concentration of the electrolyte is 0.002M-2M, and the temperature of the electrolyte is preferably 10-80 ℃; preferably, the temperature of the heat treatment in the step (2) is 20-400 ℃; preferably, the time of the heat treatment in the step (2) is 0.4h-11 h.
The method also comprises a step of washing after the electrodeposition reaction in the step (2) and before the heat treatment: washing the electrode which finishes the electrodeposition reaction with deionized water; and (3) dripping polytetrafluoroethylene to the position without the graphene in the working area of the conductive substrate, and airing to ensure that the working area of the conductive substrate is completely covered by the graphene and the polytetrafluoroethylene so as to ensure that the metal oxide is only deposited on the surface of the graphene.
The cathodes are arranged every 60 square meters according to the design requirement, and are embedded in the middle according to the laying surface and elevation of each single loop of the corresponding anode, and the distance from the concrete structure surface is not less than 210mm and not more than 1600 mm.
The control system 4 is internally provided with two models, one is a standard model and the other is a correction model set, and the corresponding correction model is selected in time to correct various parameters according to the difference between the analysis and comparison monitoring data and the standard model of the micro-current recording and analyzing system.
A micro-current monitoring sensor is arranged between the external anode and the control system, real-time monitoring can be achieved, and the related equipment is intelligent equipment.
The intelligent equipment adopts a single chip microcomputer to monitor the whole operation process, automatically selects an operation mode according to data such as humidity, current and the like detected every day by setting waveform parameters and setting and selecting operation parameters, can perform real-time control, such as cathode protection setting, starting an anode, monitoring the data of the humidity and the current in real time, and correcting various parameters in time according to a built-in standard model and a correction model.
The intelligent equipment adopts a singlechip to monitor the whole operation process and adopts a human-computer control interface.
The pulse waveform of the intelligent equipment consists of positive pulse, negative pulse and zero level; the positive pulse waveform is the voltage waveform of each function of sine wave, triangular wave, square wave, sawtooth wave or step wave or the combination of several function waveforms, and the negative pulse is square wave.
The cathodes are arranged every 60 square meters according to the design requirement, and are embedded in the middle according to the laying surface and elevation of each single loop of the corresponding anode, and the distance from the concrete structure surface is not less than 210mm and not more than 1600 mm.
A micro-current monitoring sensor 301 is arranged between the external anode 2 and the control system 4, real-time monitoring can be achieved, and related equipment is intelligent equipment.
The intelligent equipment adopts a single chip microcomputer to monitor the whole operation process, and automatically selects an operation mode according to data such as humidity, current and the like detected every day by setting waveform parameters and setting and selecting operation parameters.
The intelligent equipment adopts a singlechip to monitor the whole operation process and adopts a human-computer control interface.
The pulse waveform of the intelligent equipment consists of positive pulse, negative pulse and zero level; the positive pulse waveform is the voltage waveform of each function of sine wave, triangular wave, square wave, sawtooth wave or step wave or the combination of several function waveforms, and the negative pulse is square wave.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The device is characterized by comprising concrete reinforced by reinforcing steel bars, a control system, electrodes, a micro-current monitoring sensor, a micro-current recording and analyzing system, an equipment external jack, a signal emitter, a micro-current monitoring sensor and a micro-current recording and analyzing system, wherein the electrodes comprise external anodes and external cathodes, the external anodes are connected with the control system, the micro-current monitoring sensor is arranged between the external anodes and the control system, the micro-current monitoring sensor is connected with the micro-current recording and analyzing system, the external cathodes are connected with the control system, the micro-current monitoring sensor is arranged between the external cathodes and the control system, real-time monitoring can be realized, and related equipment is intelligent equipment; the micro-current monitoring sensor is connected with a micro-current recording and analyzing system, and the micro-current recording and analyzing system is connected with the signal emitter; two models are arranged in the control system, one model is a standard model, the other model is a correction model set, and according to the difference between the analysis and comparison monitoring data and the standard model of the micro-current recording and analyzing system, the corresponding correction model is selected in time to correct various parameters; the intelligent equipment adopts a single chip microcomputer to monitor the whole operation process, sets and selects the waveform parameters, firstly sets the cathodic protection according to the humidity and current data detected every day, monitors the humidity and current data in real time when the anode is started, and corrects various parameters in time according to a built-in standard model and a correction model.
2. The device for electrochemical electroosmotic repair and reinforcement of defective concrete according to claim 1, wherein: arranging one cathode per 60 square meters according to design requirements, and burying the cathode in the middle according to the laying surface and elevation of each single loop of the corresponding anode, wherein the distance from the cathode to a concrete structure surface is not less than 210mm and not more than 1600 mm; the electrode is formed by graphene, and comprises a conductive substrate, wherein the graphene is arranged on the conductive substrate, and a metal oxide is arranged on the surface of the graphene; graphene and metal oxide form a graphene/metal oxide electrode material; the manufacturing steps of the electrode comprise: (1) taking the conductive substrate/graphene electrode as a working electrode, adding an aqueous solution of a metal salt precursor into an electrolyte, performing an electrodeposition reaction by adopting a cyclic voltammetry method, and performing heat treatment on the electrode after the electrodeposition reaction is finished to obtain the conductive substrate/graphene/metal oxide electrode; (2) and (2) depositing metal oxide on the conductive substrate/graphene electrode obtained in the step (1) by an electrodeposition method by using a glassy carbon sheet as a counter electrode and a calomel electrode SCE as a reference electrode, so as to prepare the conductive substrate/graphene/metal oxide electrode, wherein the range of the cycle number in the cyclic voltammetry is 6-6000 in the electrodeposition reaction process.
3. The device for electrochemical electroosmotic repair and reinforcement of defective concrete according to claim 2, wherein: the metal salt precursor in the step (1) comprises one or a mixture of two of iridium salt, palladium salt, platinum salt, lead salt and antimony salt; the iridium salt comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of iridium chloride, iridium acetate, potassium chloroiridate, sodium chloroiridate or ammonium chloroiridate; the palladium salt comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of palladium chloride, palladium acetate, palladium nitrate, potassium chloropalladate, sodium chloropalladate or ammonium chloropalladate; the platinum salt comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of platinum tetrachloride, chloroplatinic acid, platinum nitrate, potassium chloroplatinate, sodium chloroplatinate or ammonium chloroplatinate; the lead salt comprises lead acetate and/or lead nitrate; the tin salt comprises any one or a mixture of at least two of tin chloride, tin sulfate or tin nitrate; the salt comprises antimony chloride and/or antimony nitrate.
4. The device for electrochemical electroosmotic repair and reinforcement of defective concrete according to claim 3, wherein: the concentration of the aqueous solution of the metal salt precursor is 0.2mM-300mM, and the electrolyte is a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid and a KCl solution; the concentration of the electrolyte is 0.002M-2M, and the temperature of the electrolyte is 10-80 ℃; the temperature of the heat treatment in the step (2) is 20-400 ℃; the time of the heat treatment in the step (2) is 0.4-11 h.
5. The device for electrochemical electroosmotic repair and reinforcement of defective concrete according to claim 4, wherein: after the electrodeposition reaction in the step (2) is finished, washing before heat treatment: washing the electrode which finishes the electrodeposition reaction with deionized water; and (3) dripping polytetrafluoroethylene to the position without the graphene in the working area of the conductive substrate, and airing to ensure that the working area of the conductive substrate is completely covered by the graphene and the polytetrafluoroethylene so as to ensure that the metal oxide is only deposited on the surface of the graphene.
6. The device for electrochemical electroosmotic repair and reinforcement of defective concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the conductive plastic electrode is a conductive plastic wire, a conductive plastic self-adhesive patch or a conductive plastic film.
7. The device for electrochemical electroosmotic repair and reinforcement of defective concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the cathode comprises a graphite electrode containing graphene, and the graphite electrode is a liquid state, a colloidal coating film or a self-adhesive patch; the cathode is made of a copper pipe, a copper-plated pipe or a zinc-plated pipe.
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| CN112062600A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-11 | 顾聪颖 | Concrete dechlorination system and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN114369832B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2024-01-26 | 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江) | Auxiliary anode and preparation method and application thereof |
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