CN107740011B - A kind of processing method improving age-hardened Al-alloy wear-resisting property - Google Patents
A kind of processing method improving age-hardened Al-alloy wear-resisting property Download PDFInfo
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- CN107740011B CN107740011B CN201710913146.9A CN201710913146A CN107740011B CN 107740011 B CN107740011 B CN 107740011B CN 201710913146 A CN201710913146 A CN 201710913146A CN 107740011 B CN107740011 B CN 107740011B
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 35
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
- C23F1/16—Acidic compositions
- C23F1/20—Acidic compositions for etching aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to field of aluminum alloy heat treatment technology, provide a kind of processing method for improving age-hardened Al-alloy wearability, solution treatment is carried out in the temperature of slightly below alloy strengthening phase solubility line first, forms the residual hardening constituent distribution of certain size and quantity on high temperature solid solution body matrix；It is then quenched, obtains supersaturated solid solution；Corrosion treatment is carried out again, dissolution occurs around residual hardening constituent and forms etch pit, and the etch pit of formation can play the role of storing lubricating oil, to improve the lubricant effect for the secondary contact surface that rubs；Peak timeliness processing is finally carried out, alloy strength is improved.The invention can be realized on the basis of higher-strength, further increase the wearability and service life of age-hardened Al-alloy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of aluminum alloy heat treatment technology more particularly to a kind of raising age-hardening type Wear Resistance of Aluminum Alloys
The processing method of energy.
Background technique
Age-hardening type aluminium alloy has the characteristics that density is low, intensity is high, corrosion resistance is high, processability is excellent, wear-resisting
The more demanding pneumatic components manufacturing field of property is widely used, such as cylinder, pneumatic tube etc..Opposite fortune occurs when friction is secondary
When dynamic, if contact surface roughness is larger, essence is minimum between micro-protuberance to connect happens is that friction between the micro-protuberance of surface
Contacting surface product generates high contact stress, thus leads to Fast Wearing；Contact surface roughness is reduced to be conducive to increase practical contact
Area reduces contact stress, improves wearability, still, if contact surface roughness very little, fit clearance are too closely difficult to
Effectively storage lubricating oil, causes greasy property bad, is easy to happen dry friction, also result in Fast Wearing.When abrasion loss reaches
When to a certain degree, components will be caused to fail.
In order to improve the wear-resisting property and service life of aluminum alloy spare part, can be somebody's turn to do using plating hard chrome method
Method is there are higher cost, and the disadvantages of coat binding strength is low, liquid waste processing is difficult, this method is gradually eliminated；At present
Common method is using Hard anode oxidation method, compared with electroplating hard chromium process, material surface hardness height, excellent wear resistance, use
Service life is long.Above-mentioned two kinds of methods be all the wearability for the secondary contact surface that rubs is improved by improving material surface hardness, but this two
Kind method is both needed to increase more multi-process in aluminum alloy spare part production process, and production cost is caused to dramatically increase.
Summary of the invention
In order to further increase the wearability and service life of age-hardened Al-alloy components, the present invention is in view of friction
The lubricant effect of secondary contact surface can have an impact wear-resisting property, therefore, by reduce contact surface roughness on the basis of into
One step improves greasy property, to improve the wear-resisting property of age-hardened Al-alloy components.
The specific method that the present invention uses is: being dissolved first in the temperature that slightly below aluminium alloy strengthens phase solubility line
Processing forms the residual hardening constituent distribution of certain size and quantity on high temperature solid solution body matrix；It is then quenched, was obtained
Saturated solid solution；Corrosion treatment is carried out again, is made residual hardening constituent that dissolution occur and is formed etch pit, the etch pit of formation plays storage
The effect of lubricating oil is deposited, the lubricant effect for the secondary contact surface that rubs can be improved, to improve the wear-resisting of age-hardened Al-alloy
Property and service life；Peak timeliness processing is finally carried out, alloy strength is improved.
Specific step is as follows for the processing method of raising age-hardened Al-alloy wear-resisting property:
(1), nearly solubility line solution treatment.Phase solubility line is slightly below being strengthened into solid solution temperature control.Herein
At a temperature of, most of hardening constituent dissolution, which enters, in aluminium alloy forms high temperature solid solution body in matrix, and remaining hardening constituent also reaches
Corresponding thermodynamically stable partial size, so as to form the microcosmic of the hardening constituent particle for being dispersed with certain partial size on high temperature solid solution body
Tissue signature.In general, solid solution temperature selection is lower than 10-30 DEG C of phase solubility line is strengthened, temperature is too low, and it is strong to will lead to residual
It is too many to change phase amount, so that alloy strength is too low；Temperature is excessively high, and the etch pit that residual hardening constituent is formed is very little, and then lubricates effect
Fruit reduces；The soaking time of solution treatment is typically chosen in 0.5-4h.
(2), it is quenched.Quenching uses method for rapid cooling, the high temperature solid solution for obtaining nearly solubility line solution treatment
Body freezes to room temperature, forms supersaturated solid solution, provides tissue for timeliness and prepares.In general, quenching mode uses water quenching.
(3), corrosion treatment.The purpose of corrosion treatment is to dissolve residual hardening constituent, forms the corrosion of certain diameter
Hole.It is typically employed in the method for carrying out impregnating certain time in the acid solution of chloride ion-containing and carries out corrosion treatment.For example, can be with
Selective chlorination sodium+hydrochloric acid mixed aqueous solution, soaking time are typically chosen in 0.5-2h.When concentration of hydrochloric acid is higher, when immersion
Between it is shorter；Conversely, soaking time is appropriately extended when concentration of hydrochloric acid is lower.
(4), ageing treatment.Ageing treatment is when the alloy after corrosion treatment being heated to higher temperature and keeping the temperature one section
Between, make supersaturated solid solution precipitation strength phase, to obtain higher intensity.Ageing treatment uses peak value timeliness, aging temp
It is typically chosen in 160-220 DEG C, the time required to reaching peak hardness under soaking time selection relevant temperature.
The aluminium alloy that the present invention selects is 6061 Aluminium Alloy Extruded Bars, and chemical component is Cu 0.19, Mn 0.12, Mg
1, Zn 0.1, Cr 0.15, Ti 0.08, Si 0.65, Fe 0.5, surplus are Al (mass percent).Using Netzsch DSC
The solubility line that 404F1 type differential scanning calorimeter measures the alloy is about 535 DEG C.
The utility model has the advantages that the present invention has the advantages that by solid solution temperature control slightly below strengthen phase solubility line into
Row solution treatment dissolves residual hardening constituent by corrosion treatment after water quenching, forms etch pit in aluminum alloy surface, plays
Store the effect of lubricating oil, it is thus possible to the lubricant effect for the secondary contact surface that rubs is obviously improved, to further improve timeliness
The wearability and service life of hardening aluminum alloy.
In addition, processing method of the invention is compared with being electroplated the techniques such as hard chrome or hard anodizing, at the solid solution of use
Reason, quenching and ageing treatment belong to the basic working procedure of age-hardening type aluminium alloy, thus, it is possible to be dissolved into aluminium alloy zero well
In component production process, it is not required to increase additional process.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the technology of the present invention route schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the surface topography of treated the aluminium alloy of embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the surface topography of treated the aluminium alloy of comparative example 1；
Fig. 4 is the surface topography of treated the aluminium alloy of comparative example 2；
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to embodiment:
Test method:
Hardness test is carried out using HV-1000 type microhardness testers, loads 0.5kg, guarantor's lotus time is 15s；
Using the micro- sem observation surface topography of JSM-6010LA type Scanning Electron；
Reciprocating Wear test is carried out using the omnipotent friction wear testing machine of MMW-1 type, mating material is quenching GCr15,
Disposable oil lubrication, test period 72h；
Wear-resisting property is characterized using weight-loss method.
Embodiment 1
It is (30g sodium chloride in concentration after heat preservation 1h carries out solution treatment and room temperature water quenching by 6061 aluminium alloys through 525 DEG C
+ 10mL hydrochloric acid) 1h is impregnated in/L mixed aqueous solution carries out corrosion treatment, 170 DEG C/8h ageing treatment is carried out after cleaning.
After tested: treated, and alloy rigidity is 118HV.
Surface topography is as shown in Fig. 2, figure it is seen that alloy surface is dispersed with the corrosion that many diameters are 5-20 μm
Hole.
Wear test shows that alloy rate of depreciation is 0.3mg/g.
Embodiment 2
It is (20g sodium chloride in concentration after heat preservation 4h carries out solution treatment and room temperature water quenching by 6061 aluminium alloys through 515 DEG C
+ 5mL hydrochloric acid) 2h is impregnated in/L mixed aqueous solution carries out corrosion treatment, 220 DEG C/1h ageing treatment is carried out after cleaning.
After tested: treated, and alloy rigidity is 115HV.
Wear test shows that alloy rate of depreciation is 0.7mg/g.
Embodiment 3
It is (30g sodium chloride in concentration after heat preservation 1h carries out solution treatment and room temperature water quenching by 6061 aluminium alloys through 525 DEG C
+ 30mL hydrochloric acid) 0.5h is impregnated in/L mixed aqueous solution carries out corrosion treatment, 160 DEG C/12h ageing treatment is carried out after cleaning.
After tested: treated, and alloy rigidity is 117HV.
Wear test shows that alloy rate of depreciation is 0.3mg/g.
Embodiment 4
It is (20g sodium chloride in concentration after heat preservation 4h carries out solution treatment and room temperature water quenching by 6061 aluminium alloys through 505 DEG C
+ 10mL hydrochloric acid) 1h is impregnated in/L mixed aqueous solution carries out corrosion treatment, 210 DEG C/2h ageing treatment is carried out after cleaning.
After tested, treated, and alloy rigidity is 113HV.
Wear test shows that alloy rate of depreciation is 0.3mg/g.
Embodiment 5
It is (20g chlorination in concentration after heat preservation 0.5h carries out solution treatment and room temperature water quenching by 6061 aluminium alloys through 515 DEG C
Sodium+5mL hydrochloric acid) 2h is impregnated in/L mixed aqueous solution carries out corrosion treatment, 190 DEG C/6h ageing treatment is carried out after cleaning.
After tested, treated, and alloy rigidity is 113HV.
Wear test shows that alloy rate of depreciation is 0.5mg/g.
Embodiment 6
It is (10g sodium chloride in concentration after heat preservation 2h carries out solution treatment and room temperature water quenching by 6061 aluminium alloys through 505 DEG C
+ 30mL hydrochloric acid) 0.5h is impregnated in/L mixed aqueous solution carries out corrosion treatment, 200 DEG C/4h ageing treatment is carried out after cleaning.
After tested, treated, and alloy rigidity is 114HV.
Wear test shows that alloy rate of depreciation is 0.6mg/g.
Comparative example 1
It is (30g sodium chloride in concentration after heat preservation 1h carries out solution treatment and room temperature water quenching by 6061 aluminium alloys through 560 DEG C
+ 10mL hydrochloric acid) 1h is impregnated in/L mixed aqueous solution carries out corrosion treatment, 170 DEG C/8h peak value ageing treatment is carried out after cleaning.
After tested, treated, and alloy rigidity is 120HV.
Surface topography is as shown in figure 3, from figure 3, it can be seen that alloy surface relative smooth, occasionally has around crystalline phase particle shape
At etch pit.
Wear test the result shows that, alloy rate of depreciation be 22mg/g.
Comparative example 2
By 6061 aluminium alloys through 525 DEG C, after heat preservation 1h carries out solution treatment and room temperature water quenching, carry out at 170 DEG C/8h timeliness
Reason.
After tested: treated, and alloy rigidity is 118HV.
Surface topography is as shown in figure 4, from fig. 4, it can be seen that alloy surface is dispersed with the residual that many diameters are 5-20 μm
Hardening constituent, alloy surface is smooth, because of not eroded processing, almost without etch pit.
Wear test shows that alloy rate of depreciation is 25mg/g.
From embodiment and comparative example it can be seen that phase solubility line is slightly below being strengthened in solid solution temperature control
Solution treatment is carried out, carries out the wearability that corrosion treatment substantially increases age-hardened Al-alloy after water quenching again；Solution treatment temperature
Height is spent, or poor without the wearability of progress corrosion treatment alloy.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of processing method for improving the secondary wear-resisting property of age-hardened Al-alloy friction, it is characterised in that: the processing method
Specific step is as follows:
(1), nearly solubility line solution treatment: temperature control is dissolved aluminium alloy below lower than reinforcing phase solubility line
Processing；The solid solution treatment method are as follows: keep the temperature 0.5-4h lower than when strengthening 10-30 DEG C of phase solubility line in temperature；
(2), it is quenched: the aluminium alloy after step (1) solution treatment is quenched；
(3), corrosion treatment: the aluminium alloy after step (2) quenching treatment is impregnated in the acid solution of chloride ion-containing, is carried out
Corrosion treatment；The acid solution of the chloride ion-containing is sodium chloride+hydrochloric acid mixed aqueous solution, soaking time 0.5-2h；
(4), ageing treatment: the aluminium alloy after corrosion treatment is heated and keeps the temperature carry out ageing treatment.
2. improving the processing method of age-hardened Al-alloy wear-resisting property as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
(2) quenching treatment described in uses the method for rapid cooling of water quenching.
3. improving the processing method of age-hardened Al-alloy wear-resisting property as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
(4) ageing treatment described in uses peak value timeliness, and aging temp is 160-220 DEG C, and soaking time is that corresponding aging temp is assigned
The time required to peak hardness.
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