CN107739949A - A kind of method of the rich phase alloy utilized for magnet scrap loop and waste and old magnet cycling and reutilization - Google Patents
A kind of method of the rich phase alloy utilized for magnet scrap loop and waste and old magnet cycling and reutilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN107739949A CN107739949A CN201710983104.2A CN201710983104A CN107739949A CN 107739949 A CN107739949 A CN 107739949A CN 201710983104 A CN201710983104 A CN 201710983104A CN 107739949 A CN107739949 A CN 107739949A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of rich phase alloy utilized for magnet scrap loop, there is the formula as described in Formulas I：REx‑My‑HzI；Wherein, 0.8≤x≤0.97,0.02≤y≤0.2,0.005≤z≤0.02, and x+y+z=1；One or more of the RE in La, Ce, Ho, Gd, Pr, Nd, Ho, Dy and Tb；M [is selected from Al, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ga, Ge, Nb, V, W, Ti, Ni, Zr, Ta, Mn, Cd and Mo one or more；H is protium.The present invention proposes the scheme for being applied to waste and old RE-treated using rich phase alloy, pass through the combination of rare earth, metallic element and protium, alloy is obtained with reference to specific ratio, the magnet waste material of the different trades mark can be comprehensively utilized, matched by adjusting, produce the specific trade mark or the magnet finished product of new grades.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to magnet preparing technical field, it is related to a kind of rich phase alloy utilized for magnet scrap loop and new
The preparation method of type magnet, more particularly to a kind of rich phase alloy utilized for neodymium iron boron magnetic body scrap loop and waste and old sintering neodymium
The method of iron boron magnet cycling and reutilization.
Background technology
Permanent magnet is hard magnetic body, can keep the magnet of its magnetic for a long time, be not easy loss of excitation, be not easy to be magnetized.Thus, nothing
By being in industrial production or in daily life one of the most frequently used muscle material of hard magnetic body.Hard magnetic body can be divided into naturally
Magnet and artificial magnet, artificial magnet refer to reach and natural magnet (magnet) phase by the alloy for synthesizing different materials
Same effect, but also magnetic force can be improved.So far, third generation Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material (NdFeB) is had evolved to, its
The output value substantially exceeded before permanent-magnet material, have evolved into a big industry.At present, industry makes neodymium iron boron frequently with sintering process
Permanent-magnet material, such as Wang Wei exist《The influence of key process parameter and alloying element to Sintered NdFeB magnetic property and mechanical property》
In disclose technological process using sintering process manufacture Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material, generally comprise that dispensing, melting, steel ingot be broken, system
The steps such as powder, hydrogen are broken, airflow milling superfine powder, powder are orientated compressing, vacuum-sintering, inspection divides and electroplates.Neodymium iron boron magnetic body
The advantages of be cost-effective, small volume, the features such as in light weight, good mechanical property and magnetic are strong, such high-energy-density
Advantage makes Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material be obtained a wide range of applications in modern industry and electronic technology, and magnetic is described as in magnetics circle
King, such as with Nd2Fe14Type B compound is that permanent magnet is that institute's magnetic material is neutral for the R-Fe-B rare-earth sintered magnet of principal phase
Can highest magnet, thus be widely used for the voice coil motor (VCM) of hard drive, servomotor, convertible frequency air-conditioner motor, mixed
Close power car carrying motor etc..
However, with containing rare earth material in the lasting extension of neodymium iron boron magnetic body and high-volume extensive use, particularly magnet
Many precious mineral resources that can not be regenerated such as material, so the recycling of rare earth seems extremely important, can environmental protection again
Resource is saved, the focus of attention in the industry so recycling of waste and old neodymium iron boron magnetic body is gradually become a useful person.Among these, mainly
Rare earth element include La, Ce, Ho, Gd, Pr, Nd, Dy and Tb, and waste and old magnet, can be the corner in manufacturing process
Material, the waste material scrapped of performance, or discarded motor and component scrap after the Sintered NdFeB magnet that removes etc..
In the last few years, researcher and manufacturer all gradually attempted waste and old magnet carrying out recycling,
Generally mainly there are following several processing modes：It can be arrived after the pre-treatments such as over cleaning as raw material addition small amount waste magnet
In the preparation process of sintered magnet, the new magnet that original technique produces the performance for meeting design requirement is then based on, but still
Many problems be present, for example fusion process understands some scaling loss and forms more clinker influence volume recovery, and the amount added
It is very limited amount of；Also certain methods are that waste and old magnet is carried out into electrowinning, but this method generally only refines rare earth, its
His element will be wasted.
Therefore, a kind of more rational waste and old magnet Application way how is found, the loss of magnet is reduced, increases waste and old magnetic
The treating capacity of body, more using the composition in waste and old magnet, reach the multi-faceted purpose recycled, it has also become many in the industry
One of production firm and researcher's urgent problem to be solved.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of rich phase utilized for magnet scrap loop
The preparation method of alloy and Nd-Fe-B magnet, particularly a kind of method of waste and old Sintered NdFeB magnet cycling and reutilization,
Rich phase alloy provided by the invention, the magnet of performance requirement is met for that can be made after waste and old magnet cycling and reutilization, and
Waste and old magnet losses are small, and treating capacity is big, additionally it is possible to reach the purpose of composition comprehensive utilization, while technique is simple, is adapted to scale
Industrial production.
The invention provides a kind of rich phase alloy utilized for magnet scrap loop, there is the formula as described in Formulas I：
REx-My-HzI；
Wherein, 0.8≤x≤0.97,0.02≤y≤0.2,0.005≤z≤0.02, and x+y+z=1；
One or more of the RE in La, Ce, Ho, Gd, Pr, Nd, Ho, Dy and Tb；
M is selected from Al, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ga, Ge, Nb, V, W, Ti, Ni, Zr, Ta, Mn, Cd and Mo one or more；
H is protium.
Preferably, one or more of the RE in Pr, Nd, Dy, Tb, Ho and Gd；
One or more of the M in Al, Cu, Ga, Nb, Ni, Ti and Zr；
The oxygen content of the rich phase alloy is less than or equal to 1000ppm.
The invention provides a kind of rich phase alloy using described in above-mentioned technical proposal any one to prepare Novel magnetic body
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) magnet waste material is obtained into A alloy coarse powder after broken and hydrogen is broken；
By rich phase alloy raw material after smelting sheet casting or ingot casting, then after hydrogen is broken, obtain B alloy coarse powder；
2) A alloys coarse powder and B alloy coarse powder that above-mentioned steps obtain are mixed, after milling, it is thin obtains mixing
Powder；
3) mixing fine powders that above-mentioned steps obtain are obtained into magnet after oriented moulding and sintering.
Preferably, the mass ratio of A alloys coarse powder and B the alloy coarse powder is (90~99)：(10~1)；
It is described it is broken after granularity be less than or equal to 30mm；
Slab thickness after the smelting sheet casting is 0.1~0.6mm；Ingot casting substance after the melting ingot casting for 0.1~
5kg。
Preferably, the fusing point of the B alloys is less than the fusing point of A alloys；
The magnet waste material is included with the magnet waste material of the trade mark or the magnet waste material of the different trades mark；
The magnet waste material is sintered magnet waste material.
Preferably, in the hydrogen shattering process of the magnet waste material, the suction hydrogen time is 60~180min, inhale hydrogen temperature be 20~
300℃；
Dehydrogenation time is 3~7h, and desorption temperature is 550~600 DEG C；
The magnet waste material is after hydrogen is broken, in addition to water-cooling step；
The time of the water cooling is 0.5~2h.
Preferably, the milling is specially and adds lubricant to be milled；
The lubricant accounts for the mixing fine powders mass ratio as 0.02%~0.1%；
Granularity after the milling is 2~5 μm.
Preferably, the oriented moulding includes orientation compacting and isostatic pressing step；
The oriented moulding is specially：Under conditions of anaerobic or hypoxemia, oriented moulding is carried out；
The temperature of the sintering is 1030~1060 DEG C；The time of the sintering is 6~10h；
Also include Ageing Treatment step after the sintering.
Preferably, the Ageing Treatment includes first time Ageing Treatment and second of Ageing Treatment；
The temperature of the first time Ageing Treatment is 700~950 DEG C, and the time of the first time Ageing Treatment is 2~15
Hour；
The temperature of second of Ageing Treatment is 350~550 DEG C, and the time of second of Ageing Treatment is small for 1~8
When.
Present invention also offers the method that the rich phase alloy described in a kind of above-mentioned technical proposal any one prepares magnet, its
It is characterised by, comprises the following steps：
A) magnet raw material is obtained into a alloy coarse powder after broken and hydrogen is broken；
By rich phase alloy raw material after smelting sheet casting or ingot casting, then after hydrogen is broken, obtain B alloy coarse powder；
B) a alloys coarse powder and B alloy coarse powder that above-mentioned steps obtain are mixed, after milling, it is thin obtains mixing
Powder；
C) mixing fine powders that above-mentioned steps obtain are obtained into magnet after oriented moulding and sintering.
The invention provides a kind of rich phase alloy utilized for magnet scrap loop, there is the formula as described in Formulas I：
REx-My-HzI；Wherein, 0.8≤x≤0.97,0.02≤y≤0.2,0.005≤z≤0.02, and x+y+z=1；RE be selected from La,
One or more in Ce, Ho, Gd, Pr, Nd, Ho, Dy and Tb；M be selected from Al, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ga, Ge, Nb, V, W, Ti, Ni,
Zr, Ta, Mn, Cd and Mo one or more；H is protium.Additionally provide a kind of side of waste and old sintered magnet cycling and reutilization
Method.Compared with prior art, the present invention less, the process loss that for existing waste and old magnet recycling mode addition be present
And element comprehensive utilization ratio it is not high the defects of.The present invention is proposed using Alloyapplication in the scheme of waste and old RE-treated, and
Creative has obtained a kind of rich phase alloy utilized for magnet scrap loop, passes through rare earth, metallic element and protium
Combination, alloy is obtained with reference to specific ratio.Can only be by same board present invention is alternatively directed to existing waste and old magnet recycling mode
Number the confinement problems that are utilized of waste and old magnet, the magnet waste material of the different trades mark can be carried out using the rich phase alloy comprehensive
Close and utilize, matched by adjusting, produce the specific trade mark or the magnet finished product of new grades, effectively raise the utilization of waste recovery
Rate, solves that waste magnet addition in fusion process is limited, it is low with volume recovery to be partly burnt, or dilute using electrowinning
The problem of method of soil causes other elements to be wasted.
During the rich phase alloy of above-mentioned concrete composition is used for the utilization of magnet scrap loop by the present invention, it can be obviously improved
The magnetic properties such as the coercivity of magnet waste material, and the treating capacity of magnet waste material is big, recycles fully, the rate of recovery is close to
100%, moreover it is possible to by different ratio, produce the neodymium iron boron magnetic body of the different trades mark, comprehensive resource utilization rate is high, production chains
By force, while technique is simple, makes full use of waste material, can economize on resources, and reduces production cost.
Test result indicates that the rich phase alloy utilized using magnet scrap loop provided by the invention prepares Novel magnetic body,
Coercivity lifting is up to 5KOE, and compared to the recoverying and utilizing method for refining waste material, cost reduces about 50%.
Embodiment
For a further understanding of the present invention, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described with reference to embodiment, still
It should be appreciated that these descriptions are intended merely to further illustrate the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than to invention claim
Limitation.
All raw materials of the present invention, its source is not particularly limited, commercially buying or according to people in the art
Known to member prepared by conventional method.
All raw materials of the present invention, its purity are not particularly limited, present invention preferably employs technical pure or neodymium iron boron magnetic body
The conventional purity that field uses.
The invention provides a kind of rich phase alloy utilized for magnet scrap loop, there is the formula as described in Formulas I：
REx-My-HzI；
Wherein, 0.8≤x≤0.97,0.02≤y≤0.2,0.005≤z≤0.02, and x+y+z=1；
One or more of the RE in La, Ce, Ho, Gd, Pr, Nd, Ho, Dy and Tb；
M is selected from Al, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ga, Ge, Nb, V, W, Ti, Ni, Zr, Ta, Mn, Cd and Mo one or more；
H is protium.
Being specifically defined for the Formulas I is not particularly limited the present invention, with such statement well known to those skilled in the art
Mode, it can be understood as mass ratio, it is understood that it is formula, or the definition for other similar compositions.
In formula described in formula I, the RE is preferably selected from one in La, Ce, Ho, Gd, Pr, Nd, Ho, Dy and Tb
Kind or a variety of, two or more more preferably in La, Ce, Ho, Gd, Pr, Nd, Ho, Dy and Tb, more preferably Pr, Nd, Dy,
A variety of in one or more in Tb, Ho and Gd, more preferably Pr, Nd, Dy, Tb, Ho and Gd, those skilled in the art can be with
Selected and adjusted according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement.
In formula described in formula I, the M be preferably selected from Al, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ga, Ge, Nb, V, W, Ti, Ni, Zr,
Ta, Mn, Cd and Mo one or more, more preferably Al, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ga, Ge, Nb, V, W, Ti, Ni, Zr, Ta, Mn, Cd and
One or more in two or more of Mo, more preferably Al, Cu, Ga, Nb, Ni, Ti and Zr, more preferably Al, Cu, Ga,
A variety of in Nb, Ni, Ti and Zr, those skilled in the art can be according to practical condition, product requirement and quality requirement
Selected and adjusted.
The present invention is in the rich phase alloy, x+y+z=1, i.e. quality radix generally 1；The mass ratio of the RE, i.e.,
X values are 0.8~0.97, preferably 0.82~0.95, more preferably 0.85~0.93, more preferably 0.87~0.9.The M's
Mass ratio, i.e. y values are 0.02~0.2, preferably 0.05~0.18, more preferably 0.08~0.15, more preferably 0.1~
0.13.The mass ratio of the protium, i.e. z values are 0.005~0.02, preferably 0.007~0.018, more preferably 0.009
~0.015, more preferably 0.011~0.013.
The source of H element in the rich phase alloy is not particularly limited the present invention, with well known to those skilled in the art
The mode of H element is added in alloy, the present invention is preferably that rich phase alloy raw material carries out hydrogen abstraction reaction in hydrogen shattering process
To introduce H element, by the process of hydrogen abstraction reaction come or the process of dehydrogenation reaction afterwards control the content of H element, or
Using the form of hydride.
The other specification performance of the rich phase alloy is not particularly limited the present invention, with well known to those skilled in the art
For the performance parameters of alloy, those skilled in the art can want according to practical condition, product requirement and quality
Ask and selected and adjusted, the oxygen content of rich phase alloy of the present invention is preferably smaller than equal to 1000ppm, more preferably less than or equal to
800ppm, more preferably less than or equal to 500ppm.
The invention provides a kind of rich phase alloy using described in above-mentioned technical proposal any one to prepare Novel magnetic body
Method, comprise the following steps：
1) magnet waste material is obtained into A alloy coarse powder after broken and hydrogen is broken；
By rich phase alloy raw material after smelting sheet casting or ingot casting, then after hydrogen is broken, obtain B alloy coarse powder；
2) A alloys coarse powder and B alloy coarse powder that above-mentioned steps obtain are mixed, after milling, it is thin obtains mixing
Powder；
3) mixing fine powders that above-mentioned steps obtain are obtained into magnet after oriented moulding and sintering.
In above-mentioned steps of the present invention, the selection principle and preferred scope of rich phase alloy raw material used, such as nothing especially indicate, with
Selection principle and preferred scope in foregoing rich phase alloy is preferably corresponding, and this is no longer going to repeat them.Rich phase of the present invention
The proportioning selection of alloy can be adjusted according to magnet waste material, the i.e. specific composition of A alloys, or according to magnet waste material alloy
The trade mark of composition and final products is adjusted jointly.
The present invention after broken and hydrogen is broken, obtains A alloy coarse powder first by magnet waste material；Rich phase alloy raw material is passed through
After crossing smelting sheet casting or ingot casting, then after hydrogen is broken, obtain B alloy coarse powder.
The magnet waste material is not particularly limited the present invention, is with conventional magnet waste material well known to those skilled in the art
Can, those skilled in the art can be selected and adjusted according to factors such as practical condition, product requirement and quality controls
Whole, magnet waste material of the present invention is preferably neodymium iron boron magnetic body waste material, preferably sintered magnet waste material, more preferably sinters neodymium iron
Boron magnet waste material.
The concrete composition of the composition of the magnet waste material is not particularly limited the present invention, with known to those skilled in the art
Neodymium iron boron magnetic body composition, can be selected according to factors such as practical condition, product requirement and quality controls
Select and adjust, each composition forms by mass percentage in magnet waste material of the present invention, preferably includes：Pr-Nd：28%~
33%th, Dy：0~10%, Tb：0~10%, Nb：0~5%, B：0.5%~2.0%, Al：0~3.0%, Cu：0~1%, Co：
0~3%, Ga：0~2%, Gd：0~2%, Ho：0~2%, Zr：0~2% and Fe of surplus, more preferably including Pr-Nd：
28.40%~33.00%, Dy：0.50%~6.0%, Tb：0.50%~6.0%, B：0.92%~0.98%, Al：0.10%
~3.0%, Cu：0.10%~0.25%, Co：0.10%~3.0%, Ga：0.1%~0.3% and Fe of surplus.
Composition in magnet waste material of the present invention forms by mass percentage, preferably also includes in other rare earth elements
One or more, more preferably also include the one or more in Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pm, Sm, Eu, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, most preferably
For Sc and/or Y.
The specific trade mark of the magnet waste material is not particularly limited the present invention, with neodymium iron well known to those skilled in the art
The conventional trade mark of boron magnet, those skilled in the art can be according to practical situations, product requirement and quality requirements
Selected and adjusted etc. factor, magnet waste material of the present invention can be (low-coercivity) N classes neodymium iron boron magnetic body, (it is medium rectify
Stupid power) M classes neodymium iron boron magnetic body, (high-coercive force) H classes neodymium iron boron magnetic body, (extra-high coercivity) SH classes neodymium iron boron magnetic body, (superelevation is rectified
Stupid power) UH classes neodymium iron boron magnetic body or (high coercivity), EH classes neodymium iron boron magnetic body or AH class neodymium iron boron magnetic bodies raw material, this hair
The bright magnet waste material can include with the magnet waste material of the trade mark or the magnet waste material of the different trades mark, and those skilled in the art can be with
Selected and adjusted according to factors such as practical situations, product requirement and quality requirements.
For the present invention to ensure the utilization rate of magnet waste material, optimization and complete process route, the magnet waste material is preferably to pass through
The magnet waste material of pre-treatment is crossed, the pre-treatment preferably includes the steps such as oil removing, cleaning.
Of the present invention broken preferably just broken, described crush is preferably Mechanical Crushing.It is described it is broken after granularity it is excellent
Choosing is less than or equal to 30mm, more preferably less than or equal to 20mm, more preferably less than or equal to 10mm.The hydrogen of magnet waste material of the present invention is broken
Granularity after broken is preferably 200 μm~2mm, more preferably 500 μm~1.5mm, more preferably 800 μm~1.2mm.
The broken detailed process of hydrogen of the present invention to the magnet waste material and parameter do not limit without spy, with art technology
The hydrogen of neodymium iron boron magnetic body known to personnel broken detailed process and parameter, those skilled in the art can answer according to actual
Selected and adjusted with factors such as situation, product requirement and quality requirements, the present invention ensures to improve the utilization rate of waste material
The magnetic property of final products, in the hydrogen shattering process of the magnet waste material, it is preferably 60~180min to inhale the hydrogen time, more preferably
80~160min, more preferably 100~140min；The suction hydrogen temperature is preferably 20~300 DEG C, more preferably 70~250 DEG C,
More preferably 120~200 DEG C；Dehydrogenation time is preferably 3~7h, more preferably 3.5~6.5h, more preferably 4~5h；It is described de-
Hydrogen temperature is preferably 550~600 DEG C, more preferably 560~590 DEG C, more preferably 570~580 DEG C.
Magnet waste material of the present invention preferably also includes water-cooling step after hydrogen is broken.The time of the water cooling is preferred
For 0.5~2h, more preferably 0.7~1.8h, more preferably 1~1.5h.
Thickness after the smelting sheet casting of rich phase alloy raw material of the present invention is preferably 0.1~0.6mm, and more preferably 0.2
~0.5mm, more preferably 0.3~0.4mm.The equipment of the smelting sheet casting of rich phase alloy raw material of the present invention is preferably empty sensing
Smelting furnace.The specific steps and parameter of the smelting sheet casting of the rich phase alloy raw material are not particularly limited the present invention, with ability
The specific steps and parameter of the conventional smelting sheet casting of alloy material known to field technique personnel, those skilled in the art can be with
Selected and adjusted according to factors such as practical condition, product requirement and quality requirements.
Substance after the melting ingot casting of rich phase alloy raw material of the present invention is preferably 0.1~5kg, more preferably 0.5~
4.5kg, more preferably 1.5~3.5kg, more preferably 2~3kg.Melting ingot casting of the invention to the rich phase alloy raw material
Specific steps and parameter are not particularly limited, with the specific of the conventional melting ingot casting of alloy material well known to those skilled in the art
Step and parameter, those skilled in the art can be according to factors such as practical condition, product requirement and quality requirements
Selected and adjusted.
The broken detailed process of hydrogen of the present invention to the rich phase alloy raw material and parameter do not limit without spy, with this area
Such alloy hydrogen known to technical staff broken detailed process and parameter, those skilled in the art can answer according to actual
Selected and adjusted with factors such as situation, product requirement and quality requirements, the present invention ensures to improve the utilization rate of waste material
The magnetic property of final products, in the hydrogen shattering process of the rich phase alloy raw material, the suction hydrogen temperature is preferably 20~300 DEG C,
More preferably 70~250 DEG C, more preferably 120~200 DEG C；Dehydrogenation time is preferably 3~7h, more preferably 3.5~6.5h, more
Preferably 4~5h；The desorption temperature is preferably 550~600 DEG C, more preferably 560~590 DEG C, more preferably 570~580
℃。。
The present invention ensures the effect of waste recovery, particularly, the B alloys melt to improve the magnetic property of final products
Point is preferably shorter than the fusing point of A alloys.
Rich phase alloy raw material of the present invention preferably also includes water-cooling step after hydrogen is broken.The time of the water cooling
Preferably 0.5~2h, more preferably 0.7~1.8h, more preferably 1~1.5h.
Then the present invention is mixed A alloys coarse powder and B alloy coarse powder that above-mentioned steps obtain, after milling, obtain
To mixing fine powders.
Mixing of the present invention is preferably to be stirred, and the mass ratio of A alloys coarse powder and B the alloy coarse powder is preferably
(90~99)：(10~1), more preferably (92~97)：(8~3), more preferably (94~95)：(6~5).
Milling of the present invention is preferably airflow milling milling, more preferably adds lubricant and is milled.The present invention is to institute
State lubricant to be not particularly limited, with magnet airflow milling lubricant well known to those skilled in the art.Profit of the present invention
It is preferably 0.02%~0.1% that lubrication prescription, which accounts for the mixing fine powders mass ratio, and more preferably 0.03%~0.09%, more preferably
0.05%~0.07%.
The particle mean size of particle mean size after milling of the present invention, i.e. mixing fine powders, preferably 2~5 μm, more preferably
2.5~4.5 μm, more preferably 3~4 μm.
The present invention obtains magnet finally by the mixing fine powders that above-mentioned steps obtain after oriented moulding and sintering.
The specific steps and parameter of the oriented moulding are not particularly limited the present invention, with known to those skilled in the art
Magnet oriented moulding specific steps and parameter, those skilled in the art can according to practical condition, product will
Ask and the factor such as quality requirement is selected and adjusted, oriented moulding of the present invention preferably includes orientation compacting and isostatic pressed
Forming step, more preferably magnetic field orientating are molded in the anaerobic of sealing or the glove box of hypoxemia and carried out, and ensure product whole
Anaerobic or hypoxemia during individual operating and isostatic pressed.
The magnetic field intensity of orientation compacting of the present invention is preferably 1.5~2.0T, more preferably 1.6~1.9T, more preferably
For 1.7~1.8T；The time of the orientation compacting is preferably 2~10s, more preferably 3~9s, more preferably 5~7s；It is described etc.
The pressure of hydrostatic profile is preferably 120~240MPa, more preferably 150~210Mpa, more preferably 160~200Mpa；It is described
The dwell time of isostatic pressing is preferably 30~120s, more preferably 50~100s, more preferably 70~80s.
The specific steps and parameter of the sintering are not particularly limited the present invention, with magnetic well known to those skilled in the art
The specific steps and parameter of body sintering, those skilled in the art can be according to practical condition, product requirement and matter
The factors such as amount requirement are selected and adjusted, and sintering of the present invention is preferably vacuum-sintering；Preferably also include after the sintering
Ageing Treatment step；The Ageing Treatment more preferably includes first time Ageing Treatment and second of Ageing Treatment.
The temperature of sintering of the present invention is preferably 1030~1060 DEG C, more preferably 1035~1055 DEG C, more preferably
1040~1050 DEG C；The time of the sintering is preferably 6~10h, more preferably 6.5~9.5h, more preferably 7~9h.
The temperature of first time Ageing Treatment of the present invention is preferably 700~950 DEG C, more preferably 750~900 DEG C, more
Preferably 800~850 DEG C；The time of the first time Ageing Treatment is preferably 2~15 hours, more preferably 5~12 hours, more
Preferably 7~10 hours.
The temperature of second of Ageing Treatment of the present invention is preferably 350~550 DEG C, more preferably 375~525 DEG C, more
Preferably 400~500 DEG C；The time of second of Ageing Treatment is preferably 1~8 hour, more preferably 2~7 hours, more excellent
Elect as 4~5 hours.
The overall preparation process of above-mentioned magnet is not particularly limited the present invention, with sintering well known to those skilled in the art
Neodymium-iron-boron production procedure, i.e. raw material are compressing by the broken powder processed of dispensing, smelting sheet casting, broken hydrogen, powder orientation
And the blank after the step such as vacuum-sintering, i.e., again after surface treatment and processing, so that it may as finished product neodymium iron boron magnetic body.
Present invention also offers the side that a kind of rich phase alloy using described in above-mentioned technical proposal any one prepares magnet
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A) magnet raw material is obtained into a alloy coarse powder after broken and hydrogen is broken；
By rich phase alloy raw material after smelting sheet casting or ingot casting, then after hydrogen is broken, obtain B alloy coarse powder；
B) a alloys coarse powder and B alloy coarse powder that above-mentioned steps obtain are mixed, after milling, it is thin obtains mixing
Powder；
C) mixing fine powders that above-mentioned steps obtain are obtained into magnet after oriented moulding and sintering.
In above-mentioned steps of the present invention, the selection principle and preferred scope of material therefor, preparation process and parameter, such as without especially
Indicate, it is preferably corresponding with the selection principle and preferred scope of the material in aforementioned preparation process, preparation process and parameter, herein
No longer repeat one by one.
The magnet raw material is not particularly limited the present invention, is with conventional magnet raw material well known to those skilled in the art
Can, those skilled in the art can be selected and adjusted according to factors such as practical condition, product requirement and quality controls
Whole, magnet raw material of the present invention is preferably neodymium iron boron magnetic body raw material, preferably sintered magnet raw material, more preferably sinters neodymium iron
Boron magnet raw material.
The concrete composition of the composition of the magnet raw material is not particularly limited the present invention, with known to those skilled in the art
Neodymium iron boron magnetic body composition, can be selected according to factors such as practical condition, product requirement and quality controls
Select and adjust, each composition forms by mass percentage in magnet raw material of the present invention, preferably includes：Pr-Nd：28%~
33%th, Dy：0~10%, Tb：0~10%, Nb：0~5%, B：0.5%~2.0%, Al：0~3.0%, Cu：0~1%, Co：
0~3%, Ga：0~2%, Gd：0~2%, Ho：0~2%, Zr：0~2% and Fe of surplus, more preferably including Pr-Nd：
28.40%~33.00%, Dy：0.50%~6.0%, Tb：0.50%~6.0%, B：0.92%~0.98%, Al：0.10%
~3.0%, Cu：0.10%~0.25%, Co：0.10%~3.0%, Ga：0.1%~0.3% and Fe of surplus.
Composition in magnet raw material of the present invention forms by mass percentage, preferably also includes in other rare earth elements
One or more, more preferably also include the one or more in Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pm, Sm, Eu, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, most preferably
For Sc and/or Y.
The specific trade mark of the magnet raw material is not particularly limited the present invention, with neodymium iron well known to those skilled in the art
The conventional trade mark of boron magnet, those skilled in the art can be according to practical situations, product requirement and quality requirements
Selected and adjusted etc. factor, magnet raw material of the present invention can be (low-coercivity) N classes neodymium iron boron magnetic body, (it is medium rectify
Stupid power) M classes neodymium iron boron magnetic body, (high-coercive force) H classes neodymium iron boron magnetic body, (extra-high coercivity) SH classes neodymium iron boron magnetic body, (superelevation is rectified
Stupid power) UH classes neodymium iron boron magnetic body or (high coercivity), EH classes neodymium iron boron magnetic body or AH class neodymium iron boron magnetic bodies raw material.
Rich phase alloy provided by the present invention can be used in the cycling and reutilization of magnet waste material, also can be used in conventional magnet
In the production process of raw material, to improve the magnetic properties such as the coercivity of magnet.
Above-mentioned steps of the present invention provide a kind of rich phase alloy, waste and old sintering utilized for neodymium iron boron magnetic body scrap loop
The method of neodymium iron boron magnetic body cycling and reutilization and a kind of preparation method of magnet.The present invention is proposed using Alloyapplication in useless
The scheme of old RE-treated, and it is creative obtained a kind of rich phase alloy utilized for magnet scrap loop, by rare earth,
The combination of metallic element and protium, alloy is obtained with reference to specific ratio.The present invention can be to different boards using rich phase alloy
Number magnet waste material comprehensively utilized, by adjust match, the specific trade mark or the magnet finished product of new grades are produced, to coercivity
Equimagnetic performance boost is obvious.Waste and old magnet is made a kind of alloy by the present invention, can be with adjusted design richness phase according to the composition of alloy
The proportioning of alloy, it can also be designed based on the composition of final magnet, finally make the magnet for meeting performance requirement.
The rich phase alloy of above-mentioned concrete composition is used for magnet scrap loop and prepared using process or conventional magnet by the present invention
During, the magnetic properties such as the coercivity of magnet waste material can be obviously improved, and the treating capacity of magnet waste material is big, and recycling is filled
Point, the rate of recovery is close to 100%, moreover it is possible to by different ratio, produces the neodymium iron boron magnetic body of the different trades mark, comprehensive resource utilization rate
Height, production chains are strong, while technique is simple, make full use of waste material, can economize on resources, and add and give up not in fusion process
Material, cost is reduced, and flexibility is high, the magnet for the different trades mark that can be mass-produced, reduces production cost.
Test result indicates that the rich phase alloy utilized using magnet scrap loop provided by the invention prepares Novel magnetic body,
Coercivity lifting is up to 5KOE, and compared to the recoverying and utilizing method for refining waste material, cost reduces about 50%.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, magnet scrap loop is used for one kind provided by the invention with reference to embodiments
The preparation method of the rich phase alloy and Novel magnetic body that utilize is described in detail, but it is to be understood that these embodiments be with
Implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, be simply into
One step illustrates the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than limiting to the claimed invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not yet
It is limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
1st, prepared by A alloys
Neodymium iron boron waste material is carried out the pretreatment such as oil removing, cleaning by 1.1.
1.2 pairs of bulk raw material carry out just broken, granularity after crushing<30mm, the present invention is to the disintegrating apparatus and condition
It is not particularly limited.
1.3 hydrogen crush (HD) processing alloy sheet production technology, and it is 75min that process, which inhales the hydrogen time, the dehydrogenation at 580 DEG C afterwards
5h, last water cooling 2h, obtain coarse powder (A alloys).
Constituent analysis is carried out to A alloys prepared by the present invention, referring specifically to table 1, table 1 is what the embodiment of the present invention 1 provided
The composition composition of waste material A alloys.
Table 1
| Effective element | Nd | Pr | Dy | Ho | B | Zr | Cu | Co | Al | Ga | Fe |
| Constituent content | 23.1 | 6.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.92 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.9 | 0.40 | 0.07 | Surplus |
2nd, prepared by B alloys
2.1st, according to the composition of alloy, rich phase alloy composition 1. Pr21 Nd70 Cu2 Al4 Ga3 are designed
2.2nd, melting, in the method well known in the art that alloy sheet is made of vacuum induction melting furnace；The slab of system
Thickness is 0.10~0.60mm.
2.3rd, hydrogen crushes (HD) processing alloy sheet production technology, and the process suction hydrogen time is 75min, is taken off afterwards at 580 DEG C
Hydrogen 5h, last water cooling 2h, obtain coarse powder (B alloys).
3rd, by alloy A and alloy B according to A：B=98%：2% is mixed, and obtains alloy C powder；Alloy C powder is added and moistened
Lubrication prescription is stirred mixing.
4th, above-mentioned coarse powder is handled with airflow milling, obtains the fine powder that particle mean size is 3.0 μm.
5th, magnetic field orientating die mould and isostatic pressed processing；Magnetic field orientating is molded in the anaerobic of sealing or the glove box of hypoxemia
OK, and ensure that product operates and anaerobic or hypoxemia during isostatic pressed whole.
6th, vacuum-sintering and aging strengthening model obtain neodymium iron boron magnetic body.Carried out in vacuum sintering furnace, sintering temperature is：
1050 DEG C, sintering time is：6h；Timeliness is carried out at twice, and first time aging strengthening model temperature is 920 DEG C, time 2h；Second
It is 550 DEG C to walk aging heat treatment aging temp, time 5h.
Magnetic property detection is carried out to neodymium iron boron magnetic body prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Referring to table 2, table 2 is the magnetic property data of neodymium iron boron magnetic body prepared by the embodiment of the present invention.
Table 2
Neodymium iron boron magnetic body prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 meets the performance requirement for the finished product neodymium iron boron magnetic body that the trade mark is 42H.
Embodiment 2
1st, prepared by A alloys
Neodymium iron boron waste material is carried out the pretreatment such as oil removing, cleaning by 1.1.
1.2 pairs of bulk raw material just crush, and granularity ＜ 30mm after crushing, the present invention is to the disintegrating apparatus and condition
It is not particularly limited, those skilled in the art can select distinct device according to practical condition.
1.3 hydrogen crush (HD) processing alloy sheet production technology, and it is 75min that process, which inhales the hydrogen time, the dehydrogenation at 580 DEG C afterwards
5h, last water cooling 2h, obtain coarse powder (A alloys).
Constituent analysis is carried out to A alloys prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2, concrete composition is the same as waste material A alloys in embodiment 1
Composition forms.
2nd, prepared by B alloys
2.1st, according to the composition of alloy, rich phase alloy composition 1. Pr16 Nd55 Dy20 Cu2 Al4 Ga3 are designed
2.2nd, melting, in the method well known in the art that alloy sheet is made of vacuum induction melting furnace；The slab of system
Thickness is 0.10~0.60mm.
2.3rd, hydrogen crushes (HD) processing alloy sheet production technology, and the process suction hydrogen time is 75min, is taken off afterwards at 580 DEG C
Hydrogen 5h, last water cooling 2h, obtain coarse powder (B alloys).
3rd, by alloy A and alloy B according to A:B=97.5%:2.5% is mixed, and obtains alloy C powder；Alloy C powder is added
Enter lubricant and be stirred mixing.
4th, above-mentioned coarse powder is handled with airflow milling, obtains the fine powder that particle mean size is 3.0 μm.
5th, magnetic field orientating die mould and isostatic pressed processing；Magnetic field orientating is molded in the anaerobic of sealing or the glove box of hypoxemia
OK, and ensure that product operates and anaerobic or hypoxemia during isostatic pressed whole.
6th, vacuum-sintering and aging strengthening model obtain neodymium iron boron magnetic body.Carried out in vacuum sintering furnace, sintering temperature is：
1050 DEG C, sintering time is：6h；Timeliness is carried out at twice, and first time aging strengthening model temperature is 920 DEG C, time 2h；Second
It is 550 DEG C to walk aging heat treatment aging temp, time 5h.
Magnetic property detection is carried out to neodymium iron boron magnetic body prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Referring to table 2, table 2 is the magnetic property data of neodymium iron boron magnetic body prepared by the embodiment of the present invention.
Neodymium iron boron magnetic body prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2, meet that the performance for the finished product neodymium iron boron magnetic body that the trade mark is 42SH will
Ask.
Embodiment 3
1st, prepared by A alloys
Neodymium iron boron waste material is carried out the pretreatment such as oil removing, cleaning by 1.1.
1.2 pairs of bulk raw material just crush, and granularity ＜ 30mm after crushing, the present invention is to the disintegrating apparatus and condition
It is not particularly limited, those skilled in the art can select distinct device according to practical condition.
1.3 hydrogen crush (HD) processing alloy sheet production technology, and it is 75min that process, which inhales the hydrogen time, the dehydrogenation at 580 DEG C afterwards
5h, last water cooling 2h, obtain coarse powder (A alloys).
Constituent analysis is carried out to A alloys prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3, concrete composition is the same as waste material A alloys in embodiment 1
Composition forms.
2nd, prepared by B alloys
2.1st, according to the composition of alloy, rich phase alloy composition 1. Pr16 Nd55 Dy10 Tb10 Cu2 Al4 are designed
Ga3
2.2nd, melting, in the method well known in the art that alloy sheet is made of vacuum induction melting furnace；The slab of system
Thickness is 0.10-0.60mm.
2.3rd, hydrogen crushes (HD) processing alloy sheet production technology, and the process suction hydrogen time is 75min, is taken off afterwards at 580 DEG C
Hydrogen 5h, last water cooling 2h, obtain coarse powder (B alloys).
3rd, by alloy A and alloy B according to A:B=97.5%:2.5% is mixed, and obtains alloy C powder；Alloy C powder is added
Enter lubricant and be stirred mixing.
4th, above-mentioned coarse powder is handled with airflow milling, obtains the fine powder that particle mean size is 3.0 μm.
5th, magnetic field orientating die mould and isostatic pressed processing；Magnetic field orientating is molded in the anaerobic of sealing or the glove box of hypoxemia
OK, and ensure that product operates and anaerobic or hypoxemia during isostatic pressed whole.
6th, vacuum-sintering and aging strengthening model obtain neodymium iron boron magnetic body.Carried out in vacuum sintering furnace, sintering temperature is：
1050 DEG C, sintering time is：6h；Timeliness is carried out at twice, and first time aging strengthening model temperature is 920 DEG C, time 2h；Second
It is 550 DEG C to walk aging heat treatment aging temp, time 5h.
Magnetic property detection is carried out to neodymium iron boron magnetic body prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Referring to table 2, table 2 is the magnetic property data of neodymium iron boron magnetic body prepared by the embodiment of the present invention.
Neodymium iron boron magnetic body prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3, meet that the performance for the finished product neodymium iron boron magnetic body that the trade mark is 42SH will
Ask.
Above to a kind of rich phase alloy, waste and old sintering neodymium utilized for neodymium iron boron magnetic body scrap loop provided by the invention
The method and magnet preparation method of iron boron magnet cycling and reutilization are described in detail, specific case used herein
The principle and embodiment of the present invention are set forth, the explanation of above example is only intended to help the side for understanding the present invention
Method and its core concept, including best mode, and also cause any person skilled in the art to put into practice the present invention, wrap
Include manufacture and use any device or system, and implement the method for any combination.It should be pointed out that for the common of the art
For technical staff, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvement and modification can also be carried out to the present invention, these
Improve and modification is also fallen into the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.The scope of patent protection of the present invention by claim come
Limit, and may include those skilled in the art it is conceivable that other embodiment.It not is not that if these other embodiments, which have,
The structural element of claim character express is same as, or if they include the character express with claim without essence difference
Equivalent structural elements, then these other embodiments also should include within the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rich phase alloy utilized for magnet scrap loop, it is characterised in that there is the formula as described in Formulas I：
REx-My-HzI；
Wherein, 0.8≤x≤0.97,0.02≤y≤0.2,0.005≤z≤0.02, and x+y+z=1；
One or more of the RE in La, Ce, Ho, Gd, Pr, Nd, Ho, Dy and Tb；
M is selected from Al, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ga, Ge, Nb, V, W, Ti, Ni, Zr, Ta, Mn, Cd and Mo one or more；
H is protium.
2. rich phase alloy according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the RE is in Pr, Nd, Dy, Tb, Ho and Gd
It is one or more；
One or more of the M in Al, Cu, Ga, Nb, Ni, Ti and Zr；
The oxygen content of the rich phase alloy is less than or equal to 1000ppm.
3. a kind of method that rich phase alloy using described in any one of claim 1 or 2 prepares Novel magnetic body, its feature exist
In comprising the following steps：
1) magnet waste material is obtained into A alloy coarse powder after broken and hydrogen is broken；
By rich phase alloy raw material after smelting sheet casting or ingot casting, then after hydrogen is broken, obtain B alloy coarse powder；
2) A alloys coarse powder and B alloy coarse powder that above-mentioned steps obtain are mixed, after milling, obtains mixing fine powders；
3) mixing fine powders that above-mentioned steps obtain are obtained into magnet after oriented moulding and sintering.
4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that the mass ratio of A alloys coarse powder and B the alloy coarse powder is
(90~99)：(10~1)；
It is described it is broken after granularity be less than or equal to 30mm；
Slab thickness after the smelting sheet casting is 0.1~0.6mm；Ingot casting substance after the melting ingot casting is 0.1~5kg.
5. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that the fusing point of the B alloys is less than the fusing point of A alloys；
The magnet waste material is included with the magnet waste material of the trade mark or the magnet waste material of the different trades mark；
The magnet waste material is sintered magnet waste material.
6. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that in the hydrogen shattering process of the magnet waste material, inhale the hydrogen time
For 60~180min, it is 20~300 DEG C to inhale hydrogen temperature；
Dehydrogenation time is 3~7h, and desorption temperature is 550~600 DEG C；
The magnet waste material is after hydrogen is broken, in addition to water-cooling step；
The time of the water cooling is 0.5~2h.
7. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that the milling is specially to add lubricant to be milled；
The lubricant accounts for the mixing fine powders mass ratio as 0.02%~0.1%；
Granularity after the milling is 2~5 μm.
8. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that the oriented moulding includes orientation compacting and isostatic pressing
Step；
The oriented moulding is specially：Under conditions of anaerobic or hypoxemia, oriented moulding is carried out；
The temperature of the sintering is 1030~1060 DEG C；The time of the sintering is 6~10h；
Also include Ageing Treatment step after the sintering.
9. according to the method for claim 8, it is characterised in that the Ageing Treatment includes first time Ageing Treatment and second
Secondary Ageing Treatment；
The temperature of the first time Ageing Treatment is 700~950 DEG C, and the time of the first time Ageing Treatment is 2~15 hours；
The temperature of second of Ageing Treatment is 350~550 DEG C, and the time of second of Ageing Treatment is 1~8 hour.
10. a kind of method that rich phase alloy using described in any one of claim 1 or 2 prepares magnet, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps：
A) magnet raw material is obtained into a alloy coarse powder after broken and hydrogen is broken；
By rich phase alloy raw material after smelting sheet casting or ingot casting, then after hydrogen is broken, obtain B alloy coarse powder；
B) a alloys coarse powder and B alloy coarse powder that above-mentioned steps obtain are mixed, after milling, obtains mixing fine powders；
C) mixing fine powders that above-mentioned steps obtain are obtained into magnet after oriented moulding and sintering.
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