CN107738730A - A kind of three column semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundations - Google Patents
A kind of three column semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundations Download PDFInfo
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- CN107738730A CN107738730A CN201710802967.5A CN201710802967A CN107738730A CN 107738730 A CN107738730 A CN 107738730A CN 201710802967 A CN201710802967 A CN 201710802967A CN 107738730 A CN107738730 A CN 107738730A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
- B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
- B63B1/107—Semi-submersibles; Small waterline area multiple hull vessels and the like, e.g. SWATH
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
- F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of three column semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundations, develop and service for wind energy on the sea, including three vertical columns being triangularly arranged, column air draght accounts for basic total high by 1/3 ~ 1/4, wind-driven generator is arranged at the top of head tree, and the underwater bottom of head tree is connected with the column of periphery two times respectively by floating drum, between two floating drum angles are 60 ° ~ 90 °, structure type is terse, and Path of Force Transfer is clear.Column inner hollow and setting ribbed stiffener, ballast cabin.Windlass is set on the deck of three columns, and shaft fixes chock, and tension force muscle is connected with the outside ballast in seabed.By adjusting the exposure level of outside suspension ballast and sea bed, the angle of inclination of blower foundation system is controlled, ensures efficient wind energy collection.Basis uses stretched wire mooring, is connected with the pull-type anchor in seabed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wind power generation field, is related to a kind of floating type offshore wind turbine base.
Background technology
Progressively exhausted new direction --- the offshore wind farm that the sight of the mankind has been transferred to clean energy resource of land wind-resources.
Offshore wind farm has the advantages such as wind speed is high, electricity is big, stable, suitable large-scale development, and offshore wind energy resource is most abundant
The southeastern coastal areas, adjoin the big developed area of power demand, it is possible to achieve electricity consumption digests nearby, reduce conveying into
This, development potentiality is huge.It is estimated that the energy benefits of offshore wind energy resource are higher by 20% to 40% than land wind-powered electricity generation.
It is more than 40 meters of deep water marine environment for the depth of water, the blower foundation economy of floatation type is more preferable.With offshore wind turbine
Immobilizing foundation compare, the advantage of floatation type blower foundation includes:
(a) limited by the depth of water it is small, wind field address choose it is more flexible;
(b) off-lying sea windward stock number is more sufficient, matter is higher;
(c) the Attention problems technique of blower fan, buoyant foundation and mooring anchor is simple, and most of construction can be completed at harbour;
(d) small, the portable height of shaping scheme is influenceed by seabed foundations condition;
(e) visual pollution of the off-lying sea elimination to coastal waters landscape can be arranged on.
At present, the ocean platform technology of petroleum industry is relied on, is primarily present three kinds of floating blower foundations:Single column
(Spar), tension leg type (Tension-Leg Platform, TLP), semisubmersible-type (Semi-Submersible).
Single column foundation structure is simple, but in order to provide enough restoring moment and stability, need to lower the center of gravity and larger eat
Water depth, sharp power is smaller outside vertical wave for it, has preferable heaving stability, but less water plane area can not contribute horizontal stroke
Shake and the stability of pitching both direction, the tilting moment of blower fan will reduce base fixed and fan efficiency.
The buoyant foundation of tension leg type has extraordinary heaving and rotates stability, but tension leg cost is high, installation is complicated,
Tidal fluctuations can also influence Tensity size in mooring leg, and the same frequency coupled vibrations of superstructure and tension leg system all causes this
Class system is difficult to design and construction.
Larger return can be but provided by the stable semi-submersible type multicolumn platform Area of Water Plan smaller (material province) of scattered cylinder
Multiple torque, on the premise of economy is ensured, platform stabilization is best.In addition, the construction and installation of the basis and blower fan can be
Harbour is completed, and towage to sea turn anchors fixed off field.
Analyzed based on more than, the floating blower concept design proposed in the world is a lot, but has built the floating of operation at present
Offshore wind turbine majority employs the steady formula partly latent basis of post, including the Windfloat by Principle Power companies and Japan
2MW Mirai and 7MW Shimpuu in Fukushima Forward projects.
As shown in figure 1, Windfloat is to design offshore floating type blower foundation product by Principle Power companies.
Portugal marine site that full-scale prototype is arranged on bank 5km off sea has been built within 2011, has been mounted with a 2MW blower fan thereon, has been tried
Generated energy after running 1 year is 3GWh.The platform is made up of the rod member of symmetrical three pillar type columns and connection, three pillar type columns
Bottom is provided with water squeezing plate, similar with column truss type platform.On a column, each pillar type column bottom is set assembling
Constant pressure water tank is used for reducing floating body center, improves stability.When incoming change of the wind, pass through the closed loop water of active control
Pump adjusts the heavy stability that can also improve system of water ballast of three floating drums, suppresses vibration.
Fukushima Forward project first stage (2011-2013) include building the 2MW post of semi-submersible type four drift
Floating blower fan.Fukushima Mirai (see Fig. 2) are designed using full steel structure, employ high-quality steel to improve platform anti-corrosion
Erosion and fatigue resistance, the 2MW fan rotor diameter 80m installed thereon, hub height are highly from water surface 65m, basic platform
32m, about 16m is absorbed water, using the steel mooring rope of 6 catenary suspension type continuous vulcanizations.It is cylinder to change four root posts in foundation structure, surrounding cylindrical
Bottom serves the effect of heave plate, bottom floating drum section is larger, there is provided buoyancy simultaneously lowers the center of gravity to external expansion.
Fukushima Forward projects second stage (2014-2015) includes building 7MW floatation type blower fan
Fukushima Shimpuu (see Fig. 3), are manufactured using steel, V-type three pillar type platform, column rectangular cross-section.
The design of offshore floating type blower foundation can not be carried out fully according to the oil gas Offshore Platform Design method of maturation.One
Aspect, the weight (700ton) of a 5MW blower fan are about the 1/10th even more small of general ocean platform superstructure weight,
Therefore dynamic response of the floating blower foundation under action of wave force will be bigger.On the other hand, the drilling well and oil transportation of ocean platform
Riser can not bear larger vertical deformation, therefore the suppression to heaving is most important, and wave the safety fortune to platform
Battalion influences smaller.Hydrodynamic characterisitic requirement of the offshore wind turbine to buoyant foundation platform is on the contrary, heaving is adopted for blower fan
It can influence less, only sufficiently small pitching and rolling free degree dynamic response just can guarantee that the high-efficiency operation of blower fan.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the wind energy on the sea Utilizing question of 40 meters of -200 meters of depth of waters, the invention provides a kind of three column semi-submersible types
Offshore wind turbine foundation, structure type is terse, and Path of Force Transfer is clear, high strength steel or cast-in-place high-strength concrete can be used to build
Make, be adapted to, more than sustainable current main flow 5MW rank blower fan assembled in bank shallow-water port Wharf Construction, ensure normally to make
The structural strength and wind energy transformation efficiency that industry, the limit are left certainly.
Buoyant foundation includes three vertical columns being triangularly arranged in the present invention, and wind-driven generator is arranged on head tree
Top, the underwater bottom of head tree are connected with the column of periphery two times respectively by floating drum.With assembling in the four of geometric center
Column basis is compared, and the column semi-submersible type basis advantage of bias three of the invention and originality include:A) foundation structure is simpler,
Materials'use more saves, and cost is lower;B) the foundation structure characteristic size needed for the 5MW blower fans of current main flow, heaving week are directed to
Phase dramatically increases, and avoids the wave period of 17 seconds or so, and the limit for improving system deposits ability certainly;C) when assembling is three
When on a certain root post of spot footing, the asymmetry of structure will make the stability difference under different directions larger, but reasonably
Basic center of gravity is adjusted, setting angle is selected by wind meteorological data, basis can be made to provide bigger resistance to tipping moment;D) it is of the invention
A set of outside ballast regulating system of design, can continuously adjust structural focus, control blower fan in time in change of the wind
Angle of inclination, ensure generating efficiency.
In addition, as a further improvement on the present invention, foundation structure can use high strength steel or cast-in-place high-strength
Concrete constructions, during using concrete material, reserving hole channel, prestressing force is provided for structure by post stretching.
As a further improvement on the present invention, can be adopted based on floating body stability and hydrodynamics general principle, column and floating drum
With circle or rectangle or equilateral polygon section with rounded corner.
As a further improvement on the present invention, leg surface is provided with vertical groove, and pontoon surface is provided with horizontal to recessed
Groove, wave absorption energy dissipating can be played, increase damping, suppresses vortex-induced vibration.
As a further improvement on the present invention, multiple cabins are provided with column and floating drum, for depositing internal solid-liquid
Body ballast.The initial mass and initial position of the internal ballast of regulation, make blower fan inclination angle in the maximum probability of wind speed meteorological statistics
Value is nearby zero.
As a further improvement on the present invention, primary and secondary column, which is respectively provided with, safeguards ship anchor point and upper deck staircase.
As a further improvement on the present invention, under job state, height of the basis on the water surface is more than 10 meters, avoids wave
Fan Equipment immersion is caused to destroy.
As a further improvement on the present invention, anchoring system uses stretched wire shape mooring, ensures that the position of system is kept, does not send out
Raw drift.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the photo of the WindFloat 2MW semi-submersible types floating blower fan operation at sea in Portugal marine site;
Fig. 2 is the photo of the Mirai 2MW semi-submersible types floating blower fan operation at sea of Fukushima, Japan;
Fig. 3 is the photo of the Shimpuu 7MW semi-submersible types floating blower fan operation at sea of Fukushima, Japan;
Fig. 4 is the present invention --- the isometric views of three column semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundations;
Fig. 5 is the present invention --- the side view of three column semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundations;
Fig. 6 is the detailed structure view of balance control system in the present invention.
Embodiment
Illustrate below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by taking 5MW trunnion axis blower fans as an example, embodiments of the invention are described in detail.
The present invention proposes the offshore wind turbine foundation of a set of 40 meters of -200 meters of depth of waters, fully applies aerodynamics, knot
Structure mechanics and principles of hydrodynamics, it is characterized in simple in construction, power transmission is clear, easy for construction, and material can be chosen because of ground, and work shape
State is stable, and it is strong to deposit ability certainly.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the present invention --- the isometric views of three column semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundations, and accompanying drawing 2 is the present invention ---
The side view of three column semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundations.The three column semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundations of the present invention include three not altogether
The vertical column (1) and (2), column total height of line arrangement are about 30 meters -40 meters.
It is connected at the top of head tree (1) with the tower (8) of wind-driven generator, blower fan also includes cabin (9) and blade (10)
Deng critical component.The underwater bottom of head tree (1) is connected with the column (2) of periphery two times respectively by floating drum (3), and two columns are simultaneously
It is not joined directly together.Two floating drums (2) angle between 60 °~90 °, can according to the stormy waves long-range meteorological observational data in target marine site,
The size of the optimization design angle.
Column (1) and (2) and floating drum (3) section are circular or rectangle or regular polygon with rounded corner, the choosing in section
Balance need to be obtained between hydrodynamic load and structure reactance by taking.Its central post is smaller using circular cross-section hydrodynamic load, but can
Vortex-excited vibration can be caused to destroy.Vertical groove is opened up using cylinder wall in the present invention, regular vortex obscission can be avoided
Generation.Floating drum (3) is arranged to the square-section with rounded corner, improves the anti-bending strength in section, surface set it is horizontal to groove,
It can play wave absorption energy dissipating, suppress vortex-induced vibration, increase damping, reduce swinging and waving for basis.
Column (1) and (2) and floating drum (3) inner hollow and setting ribbed stiffener, avoid structure that local buckling occurs.Pressure is set
Loading cabin, for depositing internal solid-liquid body ballast, ensure the watertightness between cabin, it is ensured that when contingency causes damage
Overall stability.By adjusting the initial mass and initial position of internal ballast, make the overall inclination angle on blower fan-basis in wind speed
The greatest of meteorological statistics is nearby zero, is made in the case where never calling outside ballast balance control system, blower fan still can
Maximal efficiency works.
Windlass (12) is set on the deck of column (1) and (2), and shaft fixes chock (11), tension force muscle (5) and seabed
Outside ballast (4) is connected.By unified balance control system, with reference to actual measurement arrives stream wind speed and wind direction, control three is vertical in real time
The exposure level of the outside ballast and sea bed of post suspension, Mass Distribution, center of gravity and the hull position of active regulating system, control
System is integral inclined as small as possible.
Under job state, outside ballast is sunk completely on sea bed as far as possible, individually control the pressure on a certain column
Loading, make basic balance, avoid the fatigue rupture of tension force muscle (5).
In the limit under depositing state, according to wind direction, outside ballast is completely disengaged or is sunk on sea bed, reduce system
Unite center of gravity, suppress swinging and waving for basis, raising security of system.
Be respectively provided with primary and secondary column (1) and (2) and safeguard ship anchor point and upper deck staircase (7), be easy to blower fan and
The maintenance and maintenance of basic operating facilities.Air draght accounts for total high by 1/3~1/4, generally higher than 10 meters, avoids wave from causing wind
Machine equipment immersion destroys.
Basis uses stretched wire mooring (6), and its seabed end is connected with the pull-type anchor being fixed on sea bed, ensures the position of system
Holding is put, is not drifted about.
What foundation structure can suit measures to local conditions is built using high strength steel or cast-in-place high-strength concrete, using concrete material
During material, reserving hole channel, prestressing force is provided for structure by post stretching.In dry dock after construction and maintenance, assembled blower fan, put
Water and towage are to target place.
Above content is to combine specific preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to is assert
The specific implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention,
On the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, should all be considered as belonging to the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of three column semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundations, it is characterised in that the basis includes:
Three vertical columns not arranged collinearly, column air draght account for total high by 1/3 ~ 1/4;
In head tree(1)Top and the tower of wind-driven generator(8)It is connected, head tree(1)Underwater bottom passes through floating drum(3)Respectively
With the column of periphery two times(2)It is connected, two floating drums(2)Angle is between 60 ° ~ 90 °;
Column(1)With(2)And floating drum(3)Section is circular or rectangle or regular polygon with rounded corner, and surface sets groove,
Inner hollow and setting ribbed stiffener, ballast cabin;
Column(1)With(2)Middle placement internal solids and/or liquid ballast thing;
Column(1)With(2)Deck on windlass is set(12), shaft fixation chock(11), tension force muscle(5)With the outside in seabed
Ballast(4)It is connected;In addition,
Basis uses stretched wire mooring(6), its seabed end is connected with the pull-type anchor being fixed on sea bed.
2. semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Foundation structure can use high strength steel
Material or cast-in-place high-strength concrete are built, and reserving hole channel, are that structure provides pre- answer by post stretching during using concrete material
Power.
3. semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Column and floating drum using circular or
Rectangle or equilateral polygon section with rounded corner, only pass through underwater floating drum between column and connect.
4. semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Leg surface is provided with vertical recessed
Groove, pontoon surface are provided with level to groove, can play wave absorption energy dissipating, increase damping, suppress vortex-induced vibration.
5. semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Assembling on head tree, and
The geometric center position of non-three column, blower fan-basic system have obvious asymmetry.
6. semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is provided with column and floating drum more
Individual cabin, for depositing internal solid-liquid body ballast;The initial mass and initial position of the internal ballast of regulation, make blower fan incline
Angle is zero near the greatest of wind speed meteorological statistics.
7. semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Under job state, different wind speed
Caused blower fan thrust is different, and the angle of inclination of blower fan is also different;By surveying arrives stream wind speed and wind direction, using windlass and cable is led
Device, the exposure level of the outside ballast and sea bed of the suspension of three columns, the Mass Distribution of active regulating system, again are controlled in real time
The heart and hull position, to reach the integral inclined purpose of suppression system.
8. semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the limit under depositing state, foundation
Wind direction, outside ballast is completely disengaged or is sunk on sea bed, reduce system gravity, suppress swinging and waving for basis,
Improve security of system.
9. semi-submersible type offshore wind turbine foundation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Primary and secondary column is respectively provided with maintenance
Ship anchor point and upper deck staircase(7).
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CN108715214A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-10-30 | 重庆大学 | A kind of ship shape semi-submersible type fan platform |
CN108757336A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-11-06 | 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 | A kind of four columns band ballast semi-submersible type floating blower foundation |
CN110182326A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-08-30 | 华中科技大学 | It is a kind of with the semi-submersible type wind-power electricity generation machine platform for subtracting vibration isolation function |
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WO2021219787A1 (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Bassoe Technology Ab | Floating wind semi-submersible with t-shaped pontoon |
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CN113734369A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-03 | 重庆大学 | Semi-submersible type steel-concrete floating type fan foundation |
CN114086592A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-25 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Fabricated offshore wind power floating foundation structure and construction method thereof |
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