CN107732895A - A kind of electric power electric transformer - Google Patents
A kind of electric power electric transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN107732895A CN107732895A CN201711082371.9A CN201711082371A CN107732895A CN 107732895 A CN107732895 A CN 107732895A CN 201711082371 A CN201711082371 A CN 201711082371A CN 107732895 A CN107732895 A CN 107732895A
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of electric power electric transformer technology suitable for electric power supply system for subway, by the way of input cascades, improve input voltage grade, medium-pressure electricity supply network 10kV/35kV can directly be matched, export multiple isolated DC power supplys, the traction contact net 1500V/750V electricity consumptions of metro traction power system, and the three-phase 220/380V power and lighting load electricity consumptions of subway power supply-distribution system are directly fed, eliminates industrial frequency traction transformer and step-down transformer.The single phase ac DC converter mainly by rectification circuit, two-way DC DC translation circuits and forms.The present invention is few applied to electric power supply system for subway number of modules, and cost is low, simple in construction, and controllability is strong, and operation and maintenance is convenient.When subway regenerative braking, it is possible to achieve the transmitted in both directions of energy, power network electric energy up to standard is fed back to, the cascade rectifier of input can realize two-way four-quadrant unity power factor operation, therefore without harmonic wave and reactive power compensator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to urban distribution network medium-pressure electricity supply technical field.
Background technology
At present, subway power supply power supply in China's comes from along subway line from urban distribution network and is introduced directly into subway, or by subway
Special main transformer station's transformation is the voltage class needed for electric power supply system for subway, and the country is generally 35kV or 10kV voltage class.
Subway power supply is mainly made up of two big systems:Tractive power supply system and power supply-distribution system.In one kind of the current generally use in China
It is mixed type middle-voltage network to press supply network, that is, is exactly that traction substation and stepdown substation use unified voltage class, shares
One medium-pressure electricity supply network.
Original metro traction power system is by tractive transformer and Rectification Power Factor, using direct current 1500V or 750V
Powered to Traction networks, the direct current after rectification is the pulsating direct current containing alternating component.Harmonic component therein can be by conducting coupling
Conjunction has adverse effect on to other electric power, electronic equipment.In order to suppress the generation of harmonic wave, rectification pulse number is improved, it is equivalent
24 pulse wave rectifiers.But rectification rapid pulse is more, rectifier transformer manufacture is more complicated, and cost is higher.Original subway supplies power distribution system
System, is made up of two parts:Stepdown substation and power and lighting system.Low-pressure side uses 220/380V three-phase four-wire system TN-S systems
System.Traditional industrial frequency traction and step-down transformer has that volume/mass is big, grid-connected impedance is small, dash current is big, easy resonance and makes an uproar
The problems such as sound, seriously constrain the further lifting of subway speed, efficiency.
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, in order to solve the above problems, it is proposed that a kind of electricity applied to electric power supply system for subway
Power electronic transformer technology, the cascade rectifier of technology input can realize two-way four-quadrant unity power factor operation, because
This without harmonic wave and reactive power compensator and operating current it is controlled, add the stability of synchronization AC power system with it is controllable
Property.The bidirectional DC-DC converter of isolation is isolated using medium/high frequency transformer, can produce the dc source of n isolation, forms system
One dc bus, used for follow-up inverter and DC-DC converter, therefore subway traction power supply system can be supplied electricity to simultaneously
System and power supply-distribution system two systems, while the tractive transformer and step-down transformer of power frequency are canceled, reach loss of weight and subtract volume
Purpose.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of electric power electric transformer, and it can efficiently solve existing industrial frequency traction transformation
The substitution problem of device and step-down transformer.The present invention solves its technical problem, and used technical scheme is:
A kind of electric power electric transformer, middle pressure alternating current A phase, B phase, C phase are respectively hung oneself reactor LA, reactor LB, reactance
Device LC cascades n AC-DC converter A1, converter B1, converter C1 and picked out again, wherein n>1, form three-phase input port I;Respectively
The converter DC port of phase is in parallel, forms a dc bus;Dc bus is dc source, thereafter provided with n DC-DC
Converter or inverter, the transformer are integrated with n output port U1~Un, wherein n>1.
(1) first converter A1 of A phases branch road1The positive port A1 of grid side1P is connected through reactor LA with three phase network A,
First converter A1 of A phases branch road1Grid side negative terminal mouth A11N and second converter A12The positive port A1 of grid side2P phases
Even ..., (n-1)th converter A1n-1Grid side negative terminal mouth A1n-1N and n-th of converter A1nThe positive port A1 of grid sidenP
It is connected, B phase branch road converter B1, C phase branch road converters C1 connection is identical with A phases;A phases, B phases, n-th of converter of C phases
Grid side negative terminal mouth A1nN, negative terminal mouth B1nN, negative terminal mouth C1nN is commonly connected to N points.
(2) each phasing commutator DC port is in parallel, common DC bus, including two kinds of connections:
First connection one, A phases branch road converter A11The positive port a of DC side1First converter B1 of P and B phases branch road1
The positive port b of DC side1First converter C1 of P and C phases branch road1The positive port c of DC side1P is connected, and is connecing dc bus just
Port, first converter A1 of A phases branch road1, first converter B1 of B phases branch road1, first converter C1 of C phases branch road1It is straight
Flow side negative terminal mouth a1N, negative terminal mouth b1N and negative terminal mouth c1N is connected, and connects dc bus negative terminal mouth;Second converter A12, second
Individual converter B12, second converter C12... n-th of converter A1n, n-th of converter B1n, n-th converter C1nDirectly
Flow first converter A1 of side connected mode and A phases branch road1, first converter B1 of B phases branch road1, first conversion of C phases branch road
Device C11Connected mode is identical, and the output of A, B, C three-phase inverter DC side forms a dc bus port.
First connection two, A phases branch road converter A11The positive port a of DC side1Second converter A1 of P and A phases branch road2
The positive port a of DC side2N-th of converter A1 of P ... and A phases branch roadnThe positive port a of DC sidenP is connected, and connects dc bus
Positive port, first converter A1 of A phases branch road1Positive DC side end mouth a1Second converter A1 of N and A phases branch road2DC side
Negative terminal mouth a2N-th of converter A1 of N ... and A phases branch roadnPositive DC side end mouth anN is connected, and meets the negative terminal mouth of dc bus, B
Phasing commutator B1, C phasing commutator C1 connected mode is identical with converter A1, A phase, B phase, C phase converter DC side output structure
Into a dc bus port.
The dc bus forms output port U directly as Traction networks nominal DC voltage 1500V or 750V1, supply
Direct-current traction power supply network to subway.
Direct-flow input end mouth of the dc bus as three single-phase inverters, inverter output plus terminal mouth ap, anode
Mouth bp, positive port cp export negative terminal mouth an, negative terminal mouth bn, negative terminal mouth cn respectively as the positive port of low-voltage three-phase AC port
O points are commonly connected to, form the 220/380V of three-phase and four-line three-phase alternating current output port U2, supply subway power photograph
Bright load electricity consumption.
Input port of the dc bus as bidirectional DC-DC converter, output port UnConnect energy-storage travelling wave tube battery
Or super capacitor, energy two-way transmission, the auxiliary power supply as subway can be achieved.
Realize the individual module of the present invention for single phase ac-DC converter as shown in figure 4, the converter is mainly by rectification
Circuit, bidirectional DC-DC converter circuit composition.Electronic power switch device in converter all uses PWM control modes.It is wherein whole
The basic function of current circuit is the control by switch tube, and rectification is carried out to alternating voltage, realizes that output DC voltage is adjustable;
Transformer primary side bridge arm realizes that inversion function becomes function in bidirectional DC-DC converter, and DC voltage is reverse into alternating voltage
Transformer is supplied, Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer bridge arm realizes rectification function, and the alternating current that transformer exports is become into direct current, produced more
The dc bus of individual isolation.The topology utilizes the characteristic of middle dc voltage isolation, and output can be in parallel for unified stable direct current
Busbar voltage, it can also stand alone as inverter even load and isolated DC voltage is provided.Multiple single phase ac-DC convertings of each phase
The cascade of device rectification side obtains the input of voltage levels.M1, M2 in Fig. 41、M22Can be that three level, two level are even more electric
The combination of gentle half-bridge, full-bridge, can also have resonant network or resonance free network in bidirectional DC-DC converter circuit in addition.
The direct transformation of three-phase 10kV urban distribution networks is changed into Traction networks 1500V and low-voltage-powered lighting load electricity consumption three-phase
220/380V.During using the pressure-resistant switching tube of the electric power electric transformer technology and selection 3.3kV of the level of module three, it is only necessary to
Cascade three modules can directly match exchange 10kV voltages, number of modules is few, and cost is low, simple in construction, and controllability is strong, using with
It is easy to maintenance.When traction locomotive is in regenerative braking, electric energy up to standard can be fed back to power network, realizes the bidirectional flow of energy
It is dynamic.The DC port of output connects battery or super capacitor energy-storage element by bidirectional DC-DC converter, in metro braking
When, excess energy caused by metro braking is reclaimed, reducing energy loss prevents that supply conductor voltage fluctuation is too big.Start in subway
When, energy-storage travelling wave tube releases energy, and prevents supply conductor voltage from falling, and realizes the two-way flow of energy, ensures that supply conductor voltage is stable.
So that the improved efficiency of whole system, can realize that unity power factor is run in power network AC, be isolated using medium-high frequency and become
Depressor, mitigate the volume and weight of system.
Compared with prior art, present invention has the advantages that:
1st, the present invention is to apply the electric power electric transformer device in electric power supply system for subway, eliminates the traction voltage transformation of power frequency
Device and step-down transformer, using medium/high frequency transformer (MFT), relative to traditional Industrial Frequency Transformer system, it can mitigate significantly
The volume of system, and system controlled, simple in construction, operation and maintenance is convenient.
2nd, when traction locomotive is in regenerative braking, electric energy up to standard can be fed back to power network, realizes the bidirectional flow of energy
It is dynamic.The DC port of output can connect battery or super capacitor energy-storage element by bidirectional DC-DC converter, ensure traction
Net voltage stabilization, reduce loss, raising efficiency.
3rd, the cascade rectifier of input can realize two-way four-quadrant unity power factor operation and reduce existing electric power system
The use of harmonic wave and reactive power compensator, the quality of power supply is improved, increase the stability and controllability of synchronization AC power system.
4th, the single phase ac per phase-DC converter improves input voltage grade using input cascade system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of circuit 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of circuit 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is three-phase alternating current-direct current power electronic transformer structure chart that the present invention is applied to electric power supply system for subway;
Fig. 4 be the present invention realize single inverter scheme basic structure.
Embodiment
Fig. 1,2,3 show the three of the present invention and intersect straight electric power electric transformer structure chart and its apply in subway power supply system
The structure chart of system.Fig. 4 is to realize single inverter scheme basic structure of the invention, and M1 is rectification circuit 3, M21, M22 in figure
Can be three level, the even more level of two level and half-bridge, full-bridge combination bidirectional DC-DC converter circuit 4, it is two-way in addition
Can also have resonant network or resonance free network in DC-DC conversion circuit 4.The present invention a kind of embodiment be:
A kind of electric power electric transformer, middle pressure alternating current A phase, B phase, C phase are respectively hung oneself reactor LA, reactor LB, reactor LC level again
N AC-DC converter A1 of connection, converter B1, converter C1 are picked out, wherein n>1, form three-phase input port I;The conversion of each phase
Device DC port is in parallel, forms a dc bus;Dc bus is dc source, thereafter provided with n DC-DC converter or
Inverter, the transformer are integrated with n output port U1~Un, wherein n>1.
(1) first converter A1 of A phases branch road1The positive port A1 of grid side1P is connected through reactor LA with three phase network A,
First converter A1 of A phases branch road1Grid side negative terminal mouth A11N and second converter A12The positive port A1 of grid side2P phases
Even ..., (n-1)th converter A1n-1Grid side negative terminal mouth A1n-1N and n-th of converter A1nThe positive port A1 of grid sidenP
It is connected, B phase branch road converter B1, C phase branch road converters C1 connection is identical with A phases;A phases, B phases, n-th of converter of C phases
Grid side negative terminal mouth A1nN, negative terminal mouth B1nN, negative terminal mouth C1nN is commonly connected to N points.
(2) each phasing commutator DC port is in parallel, common DC bus, including two kinds of connections:
First connection one, A phases branch road converter A11The positive port a of DC side1First converter B1 of P and B phases branch road1
The positive port b of DC side1First converter C1 of P and C phases branch road1The positive port c of DC side1P is connected, and is connecing dc bus just
Port, first converter A1 of A phases branch road1, first converter B1 of B phases branch road1, first converter C1 of C phases branch road1It is straight
Flow side negative terminal mouth a1N, negative terminal mouth b1N and negative terminal mouth c1N is connected, and connects dc bus negative terminal mouth;Second converter A12, second
Individual converter B12, second converter C12... n-th of converter A1n, n-th of converter B1n, n-th converter C1nDirectly
Flow first converter A1 of side connected mode and A phases branch road1, first converter B1 of B phases branch road1, first conversion of C phases branch road
Device C11Connected mode is identical, and the output of A, B, C three-phase inverter DC side forms a dc bus port.
First connection two, A phases branch road converter A11The positive port a of DC side1Second converter A1 of P and A phases branch road2
The positive port a of DC side2N-th of converter A1 of P ... and A phases branch roadnThe positive port a of DC sidenP is connected, and connects dc bus
Positive port, first converter A1 of A phases branch road1Positive DC side end mouth a1Second converter A1 of N and A phases branch road2DC side
Negative terminal mouth a2N-th of converter A1 of N ... and A phases branch roadnPositive DC side end mouth anN is connected, and meets the negative terminal mouth of dc bus, B
Phasing commutator B1, C phasing commutator C1 connected mode is identical with converter A1, and the output of A, B, C three-phase inverter DC side is formed
One dc bus port.
The dc bus forms output port U directly as Traction networks nominal DC voltage 1500V or 750V1, supply
Direct-current traction power supply network to subway.
Direct-flow input end mouth of the dc bus as three single-phase inverters, inverter output plus terminal mouth ap, anode
Mouth bp, positive port cp export negative terminal mouth an, negative terminal mouth bn, negative terminal mouth cn respectively as the positive port of low-voltage three-phase AC port
O points are commonly connected to, form the 220/380V of three-phase and four-line three-phase alternating current output port U2, supply subway power photograph
Bright load electricity consumption.
Input port of the dc bus as bidirectional DC-DC converter 4, output port UnConnect energy-storage travelling wave tube battery
2 or super capacitor 1, energy two-way transmission, the auxiliary power supply as subway can be achieved.It should be noted that converter
In rectification circuit, bidirectional DC-DC converter circuit 4 can be three level, the even more level of two level and half-bridge, the group of full-bridge
Close, can also have resonant network or resonance free network in bidirectional DC-DC converter circuit 4 in addition.
The present invention proposes a kind of electric power electric transformer device suitable for electric power supply system for subway, using the side of input cascade
Formula, input voltage grade is improved, can directly match medium-pressure electricity supply network 10kV/35kV, export multiple isolated DC power supplys,
Directly feed the traction contact net 1500V/750V electricity consumptions of metro traction power system, and the three-phase of subway power supply-distribution system
220/380V power and lighting load electricity consumptions, eliminate industrial frequency traction transformer and step-down transformer.Single phase ac-the direct current
Converter includes rectification circuit 3, bidirectional DC-DC converter circuit 4.The present invention is few applied to electric power supply system for subway number of modules, cost
Low, simple in construction, controllability is strong, and operation and maintenance is convenient.When subway regenerative braking, it is possible to achieve the transmitted in both directions of energy,
Power network electric energy up to standard is fed back to, the cascade rectifier of input can realize two-way four-quadrant unity power factor operation, therefore
Without harmonic wave and reactive power compensator.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of electric power electric transformer, middle pressure alternating current A phase, B phase, C phase is respectively hung oneself reactor LA, reactor LB, reactor
LC cascades n AC-DC converter A1, converter B1, converter C1 and picked out again, wherein n>1, form three-phase input port I;Each phase
Converter DC port it is in parallel, form a dc bus;Dc bus is dc source, is converted provided with n DC-DC thereafter
Device or inverter, the transformer are integrated with n output port U1~Un, wherein n>1;It is characterized in that:
(1) first converter A1 of A phases branch road1The positive port A1 of grid side1P is connected through reactor LA with three phase network A, A phase branch
First, road converter A11Grid side negative terminal mouth A11N and second converter A12The positive port A1 of grid side2P phases
Even ..., (n-1)th converter A1n-1Grid side negative terminal mouth A1n-1N and n-th of converter A1nThe positive port A1 of grid sidenP
It is connected, B phase branch road converter B1, C phase branch road converters C1 connection is identical with A phases;N-th of converter of A phase, B phase, C phase
Grid side negative terminal mouth A1nN, negative terminal mouth B1nN, negative terminal mouth C1nN is commonly connected to N points;
(2) each phasing commutator DC port is in parallel, common DC bus, including two kinds of connections:
First connection one, A phases branch road converter A11The positive port a of DC side1First converter B1 of P and B phases branch road1It is straight
Flow the positive port b in side1First converter C1 of P and C phases branch road1The positive port c of DC side1P is connected, and connects the positive port of dc bus,
First converter A1 of A phases branch road1, first converter B1 of B phases branch road1, first converter C1 of C phases branch road1DC side bear
Port a1N, negative terminal mouth b1N and negative terminal mouth c1N is connected, and connects dc bus negative terminal mouth;Second converter A12, second converter
B12, second converter C12... n-th of converter A1n, n-th of converter B1n, n-th of converter C1nDC side connection side
First converter A1 of formula and A phases branch road1, first converter B1 of B phases branch road1, first converter C1 of C phases branch road1Connection side
Formula is identical, and the output of A, B, C three-phase inverter DC side forms a dc bus port;
First connection two, A phases branch road converter A11The positive port a of DC side1Second converter A1 of P and A phases branch road2It is straight
Flow the positive port a in side2N-th of converter A1 of P ... and A phases branch roadnThe positive port a of DC sidenP is connected, and connects the anode of dc bus
Mouthful, first converter A1 of A phases branch road1Positive DC side end mouth a1Second converter A1 of N and A phases branch road2Positive DC side end
Mouth a2N-th of converter A1 of N ... and A phases branch roadnPositive DC side end mouth anN is connected, and connects the negative terminal mouth of dc bus, B phase transformations
Parallel operation B1, C phasing commutator C1 connected mode is identical with converter A1, and the output of A phase, B phase, C phase converter DC side forms one
Individual dc bus port.
A kind of 2. electric power electric transformer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The dc bus is directly as leading
Draw net nominal DC voltage 1500V or 750V, form output port U1, supply the direct-current traction power supply network of subway.
A kind of 3. electric power electric transformer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The dc bus is as three lists
The direct-flow input end mouth of phase inverter, inverter output plus terminal mouth ap, positive port bp, positive port cp hand over respectively as low voltage three-phase
The positive port of flow port, negative terminal mouth an is exported, negative terminal mouth bn, negative terminal mouth cn are commonly connected to o points, one three-phase and four-line of composition
220/380V three-phase alternating current output port U2, supply subway power and lighting load electricity consumption.
A kind of 4. electric power electric transformer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The dc bus is as two-way
The input port of DC-DC converter, output port UnEnergy-storage travelling wave tube battery (2) or super capacitor (1) are connect, energy can be achieved
Transmitted in both directions, the auxiliary power supply as subway.
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CN111193315A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-05-22 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Power supply system for railway vehicle |
CN111342680A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-26 | 西南交通大学 | Power electronic transformer applied to through power supply |
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CN113852130A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2021-12-28 | 新誉轨道交通科技有限公司 | Power supply and energy supply circuit, method, system, device and storage medium for rail transit |
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CN111193315A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-05-22 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Power supply system for railway vehicle |
CN111193315B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2023-06-09 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Rail vehicle power supply system |
CN111342680A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-26 | 西南交通大学 | Power electronic transformer applied to through power supply |
CN111342680B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-11-02 | 西南交通大学 | Power electronic transformer applied to through power supply |
CN112886829A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-01 | 南方科技大学 | Traction drive system |
CN114056105A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-18 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | Rail vehicle traction transmission system and rail vehicle |
CN113852130A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2021-12-28 | 新誉轨道交通科技有限公司 | Power supply and energy supply circuit, method, system, device and storage medium for rail transit |
CN113852130B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-11 | 新誉轨道交通科技有限公司 | Power supply and energy supply circuit, method, system, device and storage medium for rail transit |
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Application publication date: 20180223 |