CN107731316B - Ceramic nano-coating nuclear fuel cladding - Google Patents
Ceramic nano-coating nuclear fuel cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN107731316B CN107731316B CN201711166673.4A CN201711166673A CN107731316B CN 107731316 B CN107731316 B CN 107731316B CN 201711166673 A CN201711166673 A CN 201711166673A CN 107731316 B CN107731316 B CN 107731316B
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000002103 nanocoating Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010329 laser etching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910009817 Ti3SiC2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011204 carbon fibre-reinforced silicon carbide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001257 Nb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011824 nuclear material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011226 reinforced ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ATYZRBBOXUWECY-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Zr] ATYZRBBOXUWECY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000626 liquid-phase infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
- G21C3/07—Casings; Jackets characterised by their material, e.g. alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
- G21C3/08—Casings; Jackets provided with external means to promote heat-transfer, e.g. fins, baffles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a ceramic nano-coating nuclear fuel cladding which comprises a cladding substrate, wherein a ceramic nano-coating is arranged on the outer surface of the cladding substrate, and a plurality of grooves or blind holes are formed in the outer surface of the ceramic nano-coating. The ceramic nano-coating nuclear fuel cladding disclosed by the invention is used for a pressurized water reactor fuel rod of a nuclear power station, can prevent a zirconium alloy material from being contacted with coolant water at high temperature, has a good heat conduction effect, and transmits heat generated by fuel fission to loop cooling water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nuclear equipment, and particularly relates to a ceramic nano-coating fuel cladding for a pressurized water reactor of a nuclear power station.
Background
The nuclear fuel cladding is a sealed enclosure of nuclear fuel and is the second security barrier of the nuclear power plant. The effect is to contain the fission product, prevent the fission product from leaking, and the cladding is an isolation barrier between the fuel and the coolant, so as to avoid the reaction of the fuel and the coolant. In the reactor core structural material, the working condition of the cladding material is the most severe, and the cladding material can bear high temperature, high pressure, large temperature gradient and strong neutron irradiation, so that the zirconium alloy cladding material is often selected for the pressurized water reactor. When an accident occurs in the nuclear power station, the water level of cooling water in the reactor pressure vessel is reduced, the temperature of the fuel cladding is increased, and when the temperature is increased to more than 900 ℃, zirconium alloy reacts with the water to generate zirconium oxide and hydrogen. Because the reaction of zirconium metal and water is exothermic, the temperature is continuously increased, zirconium alloy begins to melt at 1850 ℃, and a large amount of hydrogen is generated by chemical reaction, so that serious accidents such as reactor explosion and the like can be caused, the whole containment is broken, and a large amount of radioactive substances leak.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a ceramic nano-coating nuclear fuel cladding, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, is used for a pressurized water reactor fuel rod of a nuclear power station, can prevent a zirconium alloy material from contacting with coolant water at a high temperature, has a good heat conduction effect, and transmits heat generated by fuel fission to a loop of cooling water.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the nuclear fuel cladding with the ceramic nano coating comprises a cladding substrate, wherein the ceramic nano coating is arranged on the outer surface of the cladding substrate, and a plurality of grooves or blind holes are formed in the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating.
In a conventional pressurized water reactor, liquid water at high temperature and high pressure is used as a coolant, and fuel elements are immersed in the water, so that the cladding substrate is in contact with the water at high temperature and high pressure. The nuclear reaction is carried out by nuclear materials in the cladding matrix, heat generated by the nuclear reaction needs to be transferred outside the cladding matrix, water is heated, and then the heat is brought out through circulation to generate electricity. If a ceramic nano coating is directly added on the outer surface of the cladding substrate, the heat conduction of the cladding substrate can be influenced due to poor heat conduction effect of the ceramic, and the heat generated by the core reaction of the cladding substrate is influenced to be exported outside the cladding substrate. Therefore, if a plurality of grooves or blind holes are additionally arranged on the ceramic nano coating, heat transfer is increased at the positions where the grooves or the blind holes are arranged, and the heat transfer performance is improved.
Further, the ceramic nano coating is made of one of SiC ceramic, al 2O3 ceramic and SiO 2 ceramic.
Further, the ceramic nano coating is made of a compound containing Si and/or Al elements; preferably, the material of the ceramic nano coating is one of SiCf/SiC composite material, pure SiC material, siC-metal composite material, ti 3AlC2、Ti3SiC2 and SiC-based ceramic Composite Material (CMCs).
The SiCf/SiC composite material, the SiC-metal composite material and the SiC-based ceramic composite material affect the material performance due to different SiCf and SiC proportions. The higher the ceramic component content, the smaller the thermal conductivity and the worse the thermal conductivity. On the contrary, the content of the metal component is high, the heat conduction effect is good, but the effect of preventing the zirconium water from reacting is poor.
SiC is composited with a metal, which must be an alloy of zirconium and niobium. The cladding material itself is an alloy of zirconium and niobium, and generally no other metallic material is incorporated. In addition, when SiC and metal composite materials are used, layering is generally carried out, the proportion of inner metal is high, and the proportion of outer ceramic is high.
Further, the method for forming the nano coating on the outer surface of the cladding substrate comprises one or more than two of sputtering, dip plating, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, hot isostatic pressing, cold isostatic pressing, compression molding, pouring, compacting and sintering, plasma spraying and thermal spraying; the method for forming the grooves or blind holes and the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating is high-energy laser etching. High-energy laser etching method, namely laser nanometer processing method.
Further, the material of the cladding matrix is a zirconium alloy material; the thickness of the ceramic nano coating is 20-200nm.
Further, the depth of the grooves or the blind holes is 1/40-1/2 of the thickness of the ceramic nano coating, and the depth of the grooves or the blind holes is more than or equal to 5nm, and the depth of the grooves or the blind holes is less than 100nm. Thicknesses below 5nm are very difficult to achieve. Even if done, the structure may not be strong, the performance is unstable, and it cannot be used.
Further, a plurality of grooves are distributed on the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating in a gap staggered mode.
Further, the grooves are arranged in parallel. The grooves in the staggered structure of the gaps of the grooves are not necessarily parallel to each other, but the grooves are easy to process in a mutually parallel mode, the positions of the lasers are not required to be adjusted and changed, and the working efficiency can be improved.
Further, the grooves are in a cross structure in pairs and are distributed on the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating at intervals.
Further, the cross sections of the grooves are rectangular, triangular or curved. The shape of the groove is not limited to the above ones, as long as it is a structure that can be formed by digitally controlling the laser.
Compared with the prior art, the ceramic nano-coating nuclear fuel cladding has the following advantages:
(1) The ceramic nano-coating nuclear fuel cladding is used for a pressurized water reactor fuel rod of a nuclear power station, and the cladding substrate is made of a zirconium alloy material, and the ceramic nano-coating is additionally arranged on the outer surface of the cladding substrate, so that the contact of the zirconium alloy material cladding substrate with coolant water at high temperature can be prevented, the chemical reaction can be carried out to generate hydrogen, serious accidents such as reactor explosion and the like can be avoided, and the design safety can be improved; in addition, as the plurality of grooves or blind holes are arranged on the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating, the ceramic nano coating cladding has good heat conduction effect, namely the heat conduction effect can be increased by at least 2-3 times, the nuclear fuel in the cladding cannot be caused to have larger temperature rise, and the normal operation of a reactor is ensured.
(2) According to the ceramic nano-coating nuclear fuel cladding, the grooves on the outer surface of the ceramic nano-coating are arranged into a gap staggered arrangement structure or a cross structure, so that special morphology is formed on the surface of the ceramic nano-coating, the thickness of the ceramic nano-coating is reduced at the position with the special morphology, and according to a heat transfer formula, the smaller the thickness of the ceramic nano-coating is, the more conductive heat is facilitated, and the heat of nuclear reaction in the cladding matrix can be better transferred; in addition, the special morphology formed can also lead to unsmooth surface of the ceramic nano coating, and the rougher the surface is, the larger the fluid resistance is, and the more favorable the heat transfer is.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a simple structure of a ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a staggered structure of a plurality of grooves on the outer surface of the ceramic nano-coating of the ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a cross-shaped structure of a plurality of groove gaps on the outer surface of the ceramic nano-coating nuclear fuel cladding according to the embodiment 2 of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a simple structure of a ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding according to embodiment 7 of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-an envelope substrate; 2-ceramic nanocoating; 3-grooves; 4-blind holes.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, a nuclear fuel cladding with a ceramic nano coating 2 comprises a cladding substrate 1, wherein the ceramic nano coating 2 is arranged on the outer surface of the cladding substrate 1, and a plurality of grooves 3 are formed on the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating 2. The cladding substrate 1 is in a circular tube shape, and end plugs are connected at two ends of the cladding substrate in a sealing manner. The wall thickness of the cladding substrate 1 was 0.4mm.
The ceramic nano coating 2 is made of SiO 2 ceramic.
The method for forming the nano coating on the outer surface of the cladding substrate 1 is plasma spraying; the method for forming the grooves 3 and the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating 2 is high-energy laser etching.
The material of the cladding substrate 1 is zirconium alloy material; the thickness of the ceramic nano-coating 2 is 50nm.
The depth of the grooves 3 is 1/5 of the thickness of the ceramic nano-coating 2.
A plurality of grooves 3 are distributed on the outer surface of the ceramic nano-coating 2 in a clearance staggered mode.
The grooves 3 are arranged in parallel with each other.
The cross sections of the grooves 3 are all rectangular.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:
When the ceramic nano-coating nuclear fuel cladding is used in a common pressurized water reactor, high-temperature and high-pressure liquid water is used as a coolant, a fuel element is soaked in the water, nuclear reaction is carried out on nuclear materials in the cladding matrix 1, heat generated by the nuclear reaction is transferred to the outside of the cladding matrix 1, the water is heated, and then the heat is brought out through circulation, so that power generation is realized. The ceramic nano coating 2 is directly added on the outer surface of the cladding matrix, so that the cladding matrix 1 of the zirconium alloy material can be prevented from contacting with coolant water at high temperature to generate hydrogen through chemical reaction, serious accidents such as reactor explosion and the like can be avoided, and the design safety is improved; on the other hand, because the heat conduction effect of the ceramic nano coating 2 is poor, the heat conduction of the cladding matrix 1 can be influenced, the heat generated by the nuclear reaction of the cladding matrix 1 is led out of the cladding matrix 1, and a plurality of grooves are additionally formed in the ceramic nano coating 2, the heat conduction is increased at the positions provided with the grooves, and the heat conduction performance is improved, so that the ceramic nano coating nuclear fuel cladding of the embodiment has good heat conduction effect, the heat conduction effect can be increased by 3 times, the nuclear fuel in the cladding matrix cannot be caused to have larger temperature rise, and the normal operation of a reactor is further ensured.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4, a ceramic nano-coating nuclear fuel cladding comprises a cladding substrate 1, wherein a ceramic nano-coating 2 is arranged on the outer surface of the cladding substrate 1, and a plurality of grooves 3 are formed on the outer surface of the ceramic nano-coating 2. The cladding substrate 1 is in a circular tube shape, and end plugs are connected at two ends of the cladding substrate in a sealing manner. The wall thickness of the cladding substrate 1 was 0.4mm.
The ceramic nano coating 2 is made of SiO 2 ceramic.
The method for forming the nano coating on the outer surface of the cladding substrate 1 is chemical vapor deposition; the method for forming the grooves 3 and the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating 2 is high-energy laser etching.
The material of the cladding substrate 1 is zirconium alloy material; the thickness of the ceramic nano-coating 2 is 20nm.
The depth of the grooves 3 is 1/4 of the thickness of the ceramic nano-coating 2.
The grooves 3 are in a cross structure in pairs and are distributed on the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating 2 at intervals.
The cross sections of the grooves 3 are all rectangular.
The working principle of this embodiment is similar to that of embodiment 1. The heat conduction effect of this embodiment can be increased by 2.6 times.
Example 3
The ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding of this example is substantially the same as example 1, except that: the ceramic nano coating 2 is made of SiCf/SiC composite material; the ceramic nano-coating 2 is formed on the outer surface of the cladding substrate 1 by hot isostatic pressing; the thickness of the ceramic nano coating 2 is 100nm; the depth of the grooves 3 is 2/5 of the thickness of the ceramic nano coating 2; the cross sections of the grooves 3 are triangular.
The working principle of this embodiment is similar to that of embodiment 1. The heat conduction effect of the present embodiment can be increased by 2 times.
Example 4
The ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding of this example is substantially the same as example 2, except that: the material of the ceramic nano coating 2 is Ti 3AlC2; the ceramic nano coating 2 is formed on the outer surface of the cladding substrate 1 by physical vapor deposition; the thickness of the ceramic nano coating 2 is 190nm; the depth of the grooves 3 is 1/2 of the thickness of the ceramic nano coating 2; the cross sections of the grooves 3 are all curved surfaces.
The working principle of this embodiment is similar to that of embodiment 1. The heat conduction effect of this embodiment can be increased by 2.5 times.
Example 5
The ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding of this example is substantially the same as example 4, except that: the ceramic nano-coating 2 is made of SiC-based ceramic Composite Materials (CMCs). Characteristics that affect the performance of SiC-based ceramic composites (CMCs) include reinforcement methods, fibrous materials, manufacturing processes, and process control. Wherein:
The reinforcing method mainly comprises a fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite technology, a heterogeneous particle dispersion reinforced composite ceramic material technology, an in-situ growth ceramic composite technology and a nano ceramic composite technology; the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite technology has the highest commercialization degree and the most mature research technology, so the ceramic reinforcing technology is adopted in the embodiment.
The fiber reinforced silicon carbide-based ceramic composite material mainly comprises two types of carbon fiber toughened silicon carbide (C/SiC) and silicon carbide fiber toughened silicon carbide (SiC/SiC); because carbon fibers are cheap and easy to obtain, the C/SiC silicon carbide-based ceramic composite material is selected in the embodiment.
Methods for manufacturing C/SiC silicon carbide based ceramic composites include reactive sintering (RB), hot pressed sintering (HP), precursor dip pyrolysis (PIP), reactive Melt Infiltration (RMI), and CVI, CVI-PIP, CVI-RMI, PIP-HP, and the like. Because CVI is the only commercialized manufacturing method at present, the CVI has strong adaptability, is suitable for all inorganic nonmetallic materials in principle, and can be used for manufacturing interface layers, matrixes and surface coatings of multidimensional braiding composite materials. Therefore, the CVI manufacturing method is selected in this embodiment.
Control of the CVI process: the structure of the preform is a major factor affecting the densification process, depending on the size of the fiber bundle and the braiding method. In this example, each bundle of fibers has 1000 monofilament fibers. The pores between the individual monofilament fibers within the bundle are minimal, typically 5 μm; the pores between the bundles are relatively large, typically 200 μm. While the diameter of the deposition furnace is approximately 2500mm. The optimization objective of the CVI process parameters is to improve the density, densification speed and density uniformity, and the density is a decisive influence factor of the CVI-CMC-SiC performance. Therefore, in the embodiment, the C/SiC silicon carbide-based ceramic composite material achieves higher density as much as possible.
The heat conduction effect of this embodiment can be increased by 2.2 times.
Example 6
The ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding of this example is substantially the same as example 4, except that: the ceramic nano coating 2 is made of a composite material of SiC and zirconium.
The heat conduction effect of this embodiment can be increased by 2.8 times.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 5, a ceramic nano-coating nuclear fuel cladding comprises a cladding substrate 1, wherein a ceramic nano-coating 2 is arranged on the outer surface of the cladding substrate 1, and a plurality of blind holes 4 are formed on the outer surface of the ceramic nano-coating 2. The cladding substrate 1 is in a circular tube shape, and end plugs are connected at two ends of the cladding substrate in a sealing manner. The wall thickness of the cladding substrate 1 was 0.4mm.
The ceramic nano-coating 2 is made of Ti 3SiC2.
The method for forming the nano coating on the outer surface of the cladding substrate 1 is thermal spraying; the method for forming the blind holes 4 and the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating 2 is high-energy laser etching.
The material of the cladding substrate 1 is zirconium alloy material; the thickness of the ceramic nano-coating 2 was 148nm.
The depth of the blind holes 4 is 70nm.
The working principle of the embodiment is similar to that of embodiment 1, except that the positions of the blind holes 4 can increase heat transfer, so that the heat transfer performance is improved, and the heat conduction effect can be increased by 2.5 times.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding characterized by: the ceramic nano-coating comprises an cladding substrate (1), wherein a ceramic nano-coating (2) is arranged on the outer surface of the cladding substrate (1), and a plurality of grooves (3) or blind holes (4) are formed on the outer surface of the ceramic nano-coating (2);
The ceramic nano coating (2) is made of one of SiCf/SiC composite material, pure SiC material, siC-metal composite material, ti 3AlC2、Ti3SiC2 and SiC-based ceramic composite material.
2. The ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding of claim 1, wherein: the method for forming the nano coating on the outer surface of the cladding substrate (1) comprises one or more than two of sputtering, dip plating, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, hot isostatic pressing, cold isostatic pressing, compression molding, pouring, compacting and sintering, plasma spraying and thermal spraying; the method for forming the grooves (3) or the blind holes (4) and the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating (2) is high-energy laser etching.
3. The ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding of claim 1, wherein: the depth of the grooves (3) or the blind holes (4) is 1/40-1/2 of the thickness of the ceramic nano coating (2), the depth of the grooves (3) or the blind holes (4) is more than or equal to 5nm, and the depth of the grooves (3) or the blind holes (4) is less than 100nm.
4. The ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding of claim 1, wherein: the grooves (3) are distributed on the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating (2) in a gap staggered mode.
5. The ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding of claim 4, wherein: the grooves (3) are arranged in parallel.
6. The ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding of claim 1, wherein: the grooves (3) are in a cross structure in pairs and are distributed on the outer surface of the ceramic nano coating (2) at intervals.
7. The ceramic nano-coated nuclear fuel cladding according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein: the cross sections of the grooves (3) are rectangular, triangular or curved.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN108754452B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-04-10 | 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | Method for preparing SiC coating on surface of zirconium alloy and application thereof |
| CN111834135B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-08-09 | 安徽工业大学 | MAX @ MOm/AOn electrical contact enhanced phase material, composite electrical contact material and preparation method |
| CN111834136B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-08-09 | 安徽工业大学 | MAX @ M composite electrical contact enhanced phase material, composite electrical contact material and preparation method |
| CN113035384A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-25 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Coated cladding for nuclear fuel rods and method of manufacture |
| CN114101010A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-01 | 浙江邦得利环保科技股份有限公司 | Method for marking part, application and part with mark |
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