CN107729680B - Method for evaluating lightning stroke probability of fan blade - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation lightning protection, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating lightning stroke probability of a fan blade. Considering that the traditional fan blade lightning stroke analysis method neglects the condition of suffering from uplink lightning stroke, the invention provides a fan blade lightning stroke probability evaluation method, which comprises the steps of firstly adopting a finite element method to calculate the distribution of the electric field near the fan under the actions of thundercloud and downlink pilot; judging whether each sampling point on the surface of the fan blade is an initial ascending leader or not in the process of the descending leader development of the thunder and lightning; recording the height from the ground of a corresponding lightning down pilot head when an up pilot is generated at each sampling point of the fan blade; and finally, establishing a fan blade lightning stroke probability evaluation model, and calculating the lightning stroke probability of any position on the surface of the fan blade. The method can calculate the lightning stroke probability of any position of the blade, analyze the probability distribution of the lightning stroke suffered by the blade and provide a theoretical analysis method for the design and evaluation of the lightning protection system of the fan blade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation lightning protection, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating lightning stroke probability of a fan blade.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of wind power generation, the installed capacity and the number of units are continuously increased, the problem that a fan is subjected to a lightning stroke accident is obvious, and the safe operation of a wind power plant is seriously threatened. The effectiveness and the reliability of the lightning protection system of the fan are very important to the field of lightning protection of the fan. Most of the existing fan lightning protection systems are designed according to IEC61400-24 technical standards, aluminum blade body lightning receptors are arranged on the surface of a blade at equal intervals from the blade tip, the tip lightning receptor is arranged at the tip end of the blade, and a down lead is used for connection and grounding. According to the analysis result of the monitoring data of the wind power plant, nearly 90% of lightning stroke accidents occur within the range of 5m from the blade tip, and 10% of lightning stroke accidents occur within the range of 5-10 m from the blade tip. For a 2MW wind turbine generator, the typical blade length is 50m, lightning receptors are arranged 20m in front of the blade, lightning accidents are mainly concentrated on the blade tip, and the effectiveness of the lightning receptors on the blade body is not questioned. The existing method for analyzing the lightning stroke probability of the fan mostly adopts a physical process of simulating lightning stroke, obtains the distribution of lightning stroke points through a large amount of repeated calculation, or calculates aiming at artificially selected special points, compares lightning shielding characteristic indexes and analyzes the shielding effect. With the increase of the capacity of a single machine and the increase of the height of the fan, the probability of the fan suffering from the uplink lightning stroke is also obviously increased, and the existing standard underestimates the condition of the fan suffering from the uplink lightning stroke because the condition of the fan suffering from the downlink lightning stroke is only considered in the IEC standard. In addition, because fan blade body is insulating material, and the lightning protection system is the metal material, combines both as an organic whole, and its structure is more complicated than transmission line, adopts traditional fan blade thunderbolt analytical method can only obtain the protective effect of blade lightning protection system from the macroscopic, and can't discover its weak area of protection. In addition, the existing theory has few researches on the protection range of the fan blade lightning receptor, related researches are not complete, no analysis is available for the lightning stroke distribution condition of a ground object at any position, and the influence of interaction under different blade postures and among different blades on a fan lightning protection system needs to be deeply researched.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a fan blade lightning stroke probability evaluation method based on the research of a lightning ascending pilot initiation physical mechanism, which is used for analyzing the probability distribution of the fan blade suffering from lightning stroke, the protection range of a lightning protection system of the fan blade under different postures and the effectiveness of different lightning receptor arrangement modes.
A method for evaluating the lightning stroke probability of a fan blade comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the electric field distribution near the fan under the actions of thundercloud and downlink pilot;
s2, analyzing the ascending pilot starting condition of each sampling point on the surface of the fan blade under the actions of thundercloud and descending pilot;
s3, recording the height from the ground to the corresponding lightning down-leading head when the up-leading is generated at each sampling point on the surface of the fan blade;
s4, establishing a fan blade lightning stroke probability evaluation model, and calculating the probability of lightning stroke suffered at any position of the surface of the fan blade.
And step S1, calculating the electric field distribution near the fan under the actions of thundercloud and downlink pilot by using a finite element method.
In the step S1, the field intensity of the thundercloud background is-15 kV/m; the lightning taking down leader develops vertically downwards and has no branch.
The step S2 includes three cases of corona discharge, unstable ascending leader start, and stable ascending leader start.
The judgment basis of the unstable upstream pilot initiation is as follows:
charge quantity Δ Q of corona region(0)Is greater than 1 mu C, wherein,
in the formula: kQIs an environmental factor; x is the number ofsFor corona head position, U1(l) Is a background potential curve, U, in the vicinity of the corona-generating front electrode2(l) The potential curve after the corona action distortion is shown, and l is the distance from the electrode head.
The stable uplink pilot initiation is determined according to the following criteria:
LL＞LCR
in the formula, LLThe length of the ascending leader after iterative development, m; l isCRCritical length, m, for the upleader development. Preferably, LCR2m was taken.
The lightning stroke probability evaluation model of the fan blade is as follows:
in the formula, PiIs the probability of lightning strike; hiGenerating an upstream pilot for a sampling point iThe height of the head of the lightning down leader from the ground is corresponded; hmaxThe maximum value of the distance between the corresponding descending pilot head and the ground height in all the sampling points is shown, and n is the number of the sampling points on the surface of the blade.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, through establishing the lightning probability evaluation model of the fan blade, the lightning probability of any position of the blade can be calculated, the probability distribution of lightning strike suffered by the blade is analyzed, the protection range of the lightning protection system under different postures of the blade and the effectiveness of different lightning receptor arrangement modes are analyzed, and a theoretical analysis method is provided for the design and evaluation of the lightning protection system of the fan blade.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating lightning strike probability of a fan blade;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the development process of the lightning ascending leader;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relative development of the uplink and downlink leaders in the lightning strike lightning receiving process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a typical attitude of a fan when an included angle between a certain blade of the fan and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a lightning strike probability distribution of a blade when the wind turbine is in the exemplary attitude shown in FIG. 3;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating lightning strike probability of a wind turbine blade, as shown in FIG. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the electric field distribution near the fan under the actions of thundercloud and downlink pilot;
s2, analyzing the ascending pilot starting conditions of each sampling point on the surface of the fan blade under the actions of thundercloud and descending pilot, including corona discharge, unstable ascending pilot starting and stable ascending pilot starting;
s3, recording the height from the ground to the corresponding lightning down-leading head when the up-leading is generated at each sampling point on the surface of the fan blade;
s4, establishing a fan blade lightning stroke probability evaluation model, and calculating the probability of lightning stroke suffered at any position of the surface of the fan blade.
Specifically, in step S1, the finite element method is used to calculate the electric field distribution near the wind turbine under the actions of thundercloud and downlink pilot, and the calculation method is as follows:
assuming that the field intensity of the thundercloud background is-15 kV/m, the lightning downlink leader develops vertically downwards and has no branch, then:
in the formula, rho (zeta) is the charge density of a lightning down pilot channel, C/m; zeta is the distance from a certain point in the pilot channel to the pilot head, m; i ispThe peak value of the lightning current is preferably 30 kA; hcThe height of the thundercloud to the ground is preferably 4000 m; hiThe height of the pilot head from the ground, m; a is0A, b, c, d, p, q all represent coefficients, and a0＝1.476×10-5,a＝4.857×10-5,b＝3.9097×10-6,c＝0.522,d＝3.73×10-3，p＝0.7，q＝0.3；
Specifically, in step S2, in the lightning down-leading development process, it is determined whether each sampling point on the surface of the fan blade is the initial up-leading. Analyzing the starting condition of the ascending pilot of each sampling point of the fan blade under the actions of thundercloud and descending pilot according to a schematic diagram of the development process of the lightning ascending pilot shown in the attached figure 2; the large amount of space charge generated by the corona discharge distorts the electric field near the electrodes. Assuming that the background potential curve near the electrode before corona generation is U1 and the potential curve after corona action distortion is U2, the expression of U2 is:
U2＝Estr×l
in the formula, EstrThe electric field intensity of a corona area, V/m, can be approximately constant; l is the distance from the electrode head, m.
When the charge quantity of the corona area is Delta Q(0)If the temperature is more than 1 mu C, the initial stage is judged to be unstable ascending leader initial stage, wherein,
in the formula: kQTaking 3.5 × 10 as an environmental factor-11C/(V·m)；xsFor corona head position, U1(l) Is a background potential curve, U, in the vicinity of the corona-generating front electrode2(l) The potential curve after the corona action distortion is shown, and l is the distance from the electrode head.
This is because the energy required for the initiation of the leader is derived from the collision between electrons at the root of the jet and gas molecules, and the energy conversion, and therefore the initiation of the unstable leader depends on the amount of space charge in the corona region.
The stable uplink pilot initiation is determined according to the following criteria:
LL＞LCR
in the formula, LLThe length of the ascending leader after iterative development, m; l isCRCritical length, m, for the upleader development. Preferably, LCR2m was taken.
The derivation process is as follows:
due to the leading head potential
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula:
is the pilot head position, m; e∞Taking 3 x 10 as the steady state value of quasi-static pilot field strength4V/m；x0Is constant, take 0.75m, EstrThe electric field intensity in the corona region is V/m.
Potential of corona region
Comprises the following steps:
corona head position
Is a potential curve of a corona region
Curve of potential with background
On the abscissa of the intersection point, the amount of space charge Δ Q generated from the pilot head(i)Expressed as:
amount of growth of precursor
And increased pilot head position
Expressed as:
in the formula, qLIn order to meet the electric quantity required by unit length when the fluid is converted into the pilot fluid, 65 multiplied by 10 is taken-6C/m。
By iteratively calculating the ascending leader development process, when the leader development length exceeds a critical length (preferably 2m), it is determined as a stable ascending leader start.
Specifically, in step S3, the electric field environment in the partial region of the surface of the wind turbine blade meets the requirement of stability due to the down-leading action of the lightningDetermining an ascending pilot starting condition, and recording a starting ascending pilot UL of a fan blade sampling point iHiThe height H of the corresponding lightning down leader from the groundiAnd recording the initial stable uplink pilot UL of each sampling point iHiMaximum value H of corresponding lightning down pilot ground heightmax。
Specifically, in step S4, for a certain sampling point i on the surface of the fan blade, when the electric field environment meets the stable ascending pilot starting condition, the distance between the corresponding lightning descending pilot heads is HiAnd different sampling points i correspond to different ground heights HiTherefore, the height H of the lightning down leading head from the ground corresponding to different areas on the surface of the fan blade can be comparediTo characterize the lightning strike probability in different areas. The invention leads the starting up of a fan blade sampling point i
The height H of the corresponding lightning down leader from the groundiMaximum value H of distance to ground of lightning down pilotmaxIs defined as the lightning strike probability P of the sampling point iiThe expression is as follows:
in the formula, HiThe distance between the head of the corresponding lightning down pilot and the ground is m when the up pilot is generated at the sampling point i; hmaxThe maximum value m of the height from the ground of the corresponding descending pilot head in all sampling points; and n is the number of sampling points on the surface of the blade.
In combination with the schematic diagram of the relative development of the uplink and downlink leaders in the lightning strike lightning receiving process shown in fig. 3, preferably, in this embodiment, a typical posture of the fan shown in fig. 4 is selected when an included angle between a certain blade of the fan and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees, the probability of lightning strike on each position of the surface of the blade of the fan is calculated, and the calculated lightning strike probability distribution of the blade is shown in fig. 5.
The calculation result shows that the lightning stroke probability of the fan blade at any position can be calculated, and the theoretical analysis method is provided for the design and evaluation of the lightning protection system of the fan blade by analyzing the lightning stroke probability distribution of the blade and analyzing the protection range of the lightning protection system and the effectiveness of different lightning receptor arrangement modes under different postures of the blade.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for evaluating the lightning stroke probability of a fan blade is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating the electric field distribution near the fan under the actions of thundercloud and downlink pilot;
s2, analyzing the ascending pilot starting condition of each sampling point on the surface of the fan blade under the actions of thundercloud and descending pilot;
s3, recording the height from the ground to the corresponding lightning down-leading head when the up-leading is generated at each sampling point on the surface of the fan blade;
s4, establishing a fan blade lightning stroke probability evaluation model, and calculating the probability of lightning stroke on any position of the surface of the fan blade;
the step S2 comprises three conditions of corona discharge, unstable ascending leader initiation and stable ascending leader initiation;
the judgment basis of the unstable upstream pilot initiation is as follows:
charge quantity Δ Q of corona region(0)Is greater than 1 mu C, wherein,
in the formula: kQIs an environmental factor; x is the number ofsFor corona head position, U1(l) Is a background potential curve, U, in the vicinity of the corona-generating front electrode2(l) Is the potential curve after the corona action distortion, and l is the distance from the electrode head;
the stable uplink pilot initiation is determined according to the following criteria:
LL＞LCR
in the formula, LLThe length of the ascending leader after iterative development, m; l isCRCritical length, m, for the upstream leader development;
the lightning stroke probability evaluation model of the fan blade is as follows:
in the formula, PiIs the probability of lightning strike; hiThe distance between the head of the corresponding lightning down pilot and the ground is the height of the head of the corresponding lightning down pilot when the up pilot is generated at the sampling point i; hmaxThe maximum value of the distance between the corresponding descending pilot head and the ground height in all the sampling points is shown, and n is the number of the sampling points on the surface of the blade.
2. The method for evaluating the lightning strike probability of the wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is implemented by using a finite element method to calculate the electric field distribution near the wind turbine under the actions of thundercloud and downlink pilot.
3. The method for evaluating the lightning stroke probability of the fan blade according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the field intensity of the thundercloud background field is-15 kV/m; the lightning taking down leader develops vertically downwards and has no branch.
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| CN112084615A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-12-15 | 合肥工业大学 | Lightning risk assessment method for wind driven generator under complex terrain |
| CN112796958B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-03-24 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method for improving optimal design of lightning protection system of wind turbine generator |
| CN112883333B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2023-06-30 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Lightning probability calculation method and device |
| CN117934482B (en) * | 2024-03-25 | 2024-05-28 | 云南能源投资股份有限公司 | Lightning probability prediction method, device and equipment for wind turbine and storage medium |
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| CN103675505B (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2016-12-28 | 西南交通大学 | The method of evaluation and test double-track bank section electric railway tripping rate with lightning strike |
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| The Lightning Striking Probability for Offshore Wind Turbine Blade with Salt Fog contamination;Qingmin Li;《Journal of Applied Physics》;20170831;第2-9页 * |
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