CN107728643A - A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching method under dynamic environment - Google Patents

A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching method under dynamic environment Download PDF

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CN107728643A
CN107728643A CN201711102120.2A CN201711102120A CN107728643A CN 107728643 A CN107728643 A CN 107728643A CN 201711102120 A CN201711102120 A CN 201711102120A CN 107728643 A CN107728643 A CN 107728643A
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unmanned plane
task
decision
cluster
making
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CN107728643B (en
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董洛兵
王菲
刘卓瑞
何施俊
党鹏
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Xi'an Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Xidian University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/10Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions
    • G05D1/101Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions specially adapted for aircraft
    • G05D1/104Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions specially adapted for aircraft involving a plurality of aircrafts, e.g. formation flying

Abstract

The present invention proposes a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching method under dynamic environment, it is intended to realizes that unmanned aerial vehicle group under dynamic environment breaks away from the limitation of ground control station, independently carries out task scheduling, and improve the real-time of task scheduling.Realize that step is:Decision-making unmanned plane distributes task to each cluster unmanned plane and sends execute instruction;The execute instruction that each cluster unmanned plane is sent according to decision-making unmanned plane performs task, and is communicated by heartbeat mechanism with decision-making unmanned plane;Decision-making unmanned plane optimizes scheduling to each cluster unmanned plane task;Each cluster unmanned plane performs redefining for task according to respective flight path, and keeps forming into columns;Each cluster unmanned plane task performance of decision-making monitoring unmanned, when whole tasks are completed, unmanned aerial vehicle group makes a return voyage.The present invention can make unmanned aerial vehicle group select correct dispatching method for the change of dynamic environment, improve task scheduling real-time, enable the execution task that unmanned aerial vehicle group is autonomous.

Description

A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching method under dynamic environment
Technical field
The invention belongs to unmanned air vehicle technique field, the unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching side being related under a kind of dynamic environment Method, available for fields such as forest fire protection, electric inspection process, environmental monitoring, disaster inspection and anti-terrorism lifesavings.
Background technology
Unmanned plane as modern high technology equipment one of, its unique effect in military and civilian increasingly by Pay attention to, and the technology of unmanned plane correlation experienced the development and accumulation of decades, also reach its maturity.Appoint as unmanned plane performs The environment of business is increasingly complicated, and task type is increasingly various, and unmanned plane is had begun to from the mode of single rack time independent task towards more The group of planes direction of operation development of sortie, polymorphic type.Compared to one-of-a-kind system, unmanned plane cluster can preferably play multiple unmanned planes Advantage, task processing ability it is also stronger.How multiple tasks to be distributed to by multiple UAVs by task scheduling and are realized Optimal overall efficiency, it is a good problem to study.
The centralized advance scheduling of concern mostly of multiple no-manned plane task scheduling research at present, by the operation in ground control station Personnel formulate task scheduling approach and the specific flight route of unmanned plane, unmanned plane do not possess decision-making capability in itself, fully according to The assignment instructions and air route that ground control station is sent perform task.Under the trend that unmanned plane capacity of will improves constantly, distribution Formula scheduling turns into an important development direction of unmanned plane task scheduling.But for the dynamic dispatching during tasks carrying, especially It is that distributed dynamic task scheduling lacks research.For the Mission Scheduling in unmanned aerial vehicle group cooperative working process, research Distributed task dispatching method, realize that the multiple no-manned plane task scheduling under dynamic environment is to be highly desirable with higher efficiency 's.
From the point of view of existing disclosed data, certain methods are proposed for the task scheduling of unmanned aerial vehicle group.Such as authorize public Announcement number is CN104615143B, the Chinese patent of entitled " unmanned plane dispatching method ", discloses a kind of unmanned plane dispatching method, This method comprises the following steps:Unmanned plane sends itself identity ID, current IP and current flight status data to service Device;After server receives the identity ID, current IP and current flight status data, according to identity ID, current IP and work as Preceding Flight Condition Data is monitored in real time to the state of flight of corresponding unmanned plane, and according to task data sheet set in advance Generation performs assignment instructions, is sent the execution assignment instructions to corresponding unmanned plane according to the identity ID;The task data Table is the associated steps of identity ID, destination, avionics type and destination data;Unmanned plane is receiving corresponding execution assignment instructions Afterwards, corresponding task is performed according to the execution assignment instructions.This method can be scheduled control to unmanned aerial vehicle group, but existing Weak point is:1. the unmanned aerial vehicle group of this method needs to communicate with ground control station in task process is performed, when unmanned plane with The failure of task can be directly resulted in during data communication disruption between earth station, it is impossible to realize that the autonomous execution of unmanned aerial vehicle group is appointed Business;2. dynamic and uncertain and Collaborative Control complexity due to environment so that many occurs after starting in task Unforeseen situation, this method can not carry out task scheduling in real time for this current intelligence.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the shortcomings of the prior art, it is proposed that nobody under a kind of dynamic environment Group of planes distributed task dispatching method, it is intended to realize that unmanned aerial vehicle group under dynamic environment breaks away from the limitation of ground control station, independently enter Row task scheduling, and improve the real-time of task scheduling.
The technology of the present invention thinking is:Host node of the decision-making unmanned plane as Distributed Architecture, it is responsible for the whole unmanned plane of monitoring Group simultaneously carries out task scheduling to cluster unmanned plane;Cluster unmanned plane as Distributed Architecture from node, be responsible for performing decision-making without The task of man-machine issue;Decision-making unmanned plane is communicated with cluster unmanned plane by heartbeat mechanism, monitor current each cluster nobody Whether machine state and task situation change;Decision-making unmanned plane can make phase according to the data variation and environmental situation of monitoring The decision scheme answered;Redefining for task and flight path are distributed to each collection by decision-making unmanned plane according to different decision schemes Group's unmanned plane, re-starts task scheduling.
According to above-mentioned technical thought, realize that the technical scheme that the object of the invention is taken is:
A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching method under dynamic environment, by being used as distributed structure/architecture host node Decision-making unmanned plane and the cluster unmanned plane realization from node, comprise the following steps:
(1) decision-making unmanned plane distributes task to each cluster unmanned plane and sends execute instruction:
(1a) decision-making unmanned plane determines that cluster unmanned plane state, including the quantity of cluster unmanned plane, each cluster unmanned plane fly Row parameter and endurance;
(1b) decision-making unmanned plane determines pending task situation, including task number, task object position and task character;
(1c) decision-making unmanned plane is treated according to cluster unmanned plane state and pending task situation to the distribution of each cluster unmanned plane Execution task, and send execute instruction;
(2) execute instruction that each cluster unmanned plane is sent according to decision-making unmanned plane performs task, and by heartbeat mechanism with Decision-making unmanned plane is communicated, and respective flight position, endurance and tasks carrying situation data are sent to decision-making unmanned plane;
(3) decision-making unmanned plane optimizes scheduling to each cluster unmanned plane task:
(3a) decision-making unmanned plane is monitored in real time to cluster unmanned plane state and tasks carrying situation, obtains real time environment Situation Assessment result, and the data and real time environment Situation Assessment result sent according to each cluster unmanned plane received, judge Whether optimizing and scheduling task is carried out, if so, performing step (3b), otherwise each cluster unmanned plane is continued executing with by former execute instruction and appointed Business;Wherein, each the cluster unmanned plane state and tasks carrying situation that decision-making unmanned plane monitors in real time, including each cluster unmanned plane fly Line position is put and endurance, and current task number, task object position and task character;
(3b) decision-making unmanned plane formulates different decision-makings according to the current each cluster unmanned plane state and task situation that monitor Scheme:
When decision-making monitoring unmanned is to having cluster unmanned plane operation exception or cluster unmanned plane endurance not to support When it completes task, redefine the cluster unmanned plane number that can continue executing with task, and count occur abnormal cluster without Man-machine can not performing for task, it is determined that the cluster unmanned plane of abnormal unmanned plane execution task can be replaced;
When decision-making monitoring unmanned to during task number increase, determine emerging task object position and have the ability complete The cluster unmanned plane of new task;
When decision-making monitoring unmanned to task number is reduced, it is determined that the cluster unmanned plane of the task is performed, to the cluster Unmanned plane sends pause instruction, and the pause of cluster unmanned plane performs the task and waits new assignment instructions to be received;
(3c) decision-making unmanned plane is according to different decision schemes, by redefining for task and its corresponding flight path point Each cluster unmanned plane of dispensing;
(4) each cluster unmanned plane performs redefining for task, and keep forming into columns according to respective flight path;
(5) each cluster unmanned plane task performance of decision-making monitoring unmanned, when whole tasks are completed, the finger that makes a return voyage is sent Order, unmanned aerial vehicle group drop to designated area.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages that:
1st, the present invention uses decision-making unmanned plane distributed as the unmanned aerial vehicle group from node as host node, cluster unmanned plane Framework, decision-making unmanned plane replace ground control station, are communicated by heartbeat mechanism with cluster unmanned plane, monitor whole unmanned plane Group, quickly can be collected and analyze to mission bit stream, be resolved the concrete scheme of Mission Scheduling, realize nobody The autonomous task scheduling of a group of planes, has broken away from the limitation of ground control station.
2nd, the present invention realizes each cluster unmanned plane during flying position of decision-making monitoring unmanned and endurance, and current task Number, task object position and task character, different decision-making parties is formulated according to the change of environmental situation and unmanned aerial vehicle group state Case, it can really adapt to complicated task environment in the task of Real time optimal dispatch unmanned aerial vehicle group under dynamic environment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the applicable scheduling system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the implementation process figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Reference picture 1, the applicable scheduling system of the present invention, including decision-making unmanned plane and multiple cluster unmanned planes.
Decision-making unmanned plane includes communication module, monitoring module and task scheduling modules.Communication module is used for decision-making unmanned plane The transmission information between cluster unmanned plane, including the task scheduling approach of decision-making unmanned plane issue and the flight path of planning, collection Group's unmanned plane tasks carrying situation, flight position information, endurance and the task object information of collection;Monitoring module is used to receive Collection communication module gets data, monitors each cluster unmanned plane state and task situation, including each cluster unmanned plane during flying position With endurance, current task number, task object position and task character, current each cluster unmanned plane state and task are judged Whether situation changes;Task scheduling modules are used for each the cluster unmanned plane state and task feelings collected according to monitoring module Condition, different task scheduling scheme is formulated for cluster unmanned plane.
Cluster unmanned plane includes communication module, information acquisition module and task execution module.Information acquisition module is used to adopt Collect unmanned plane during flying position, endurance and task object situation;Task execution module is distributed to for receiving decision-making unmanned plane The task of each cluster unmanned plane, and control cluster unmanned plane to perform task according to the flight path of planning.
A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching method under reference picture 2, dynamic environment, by being used as distributed structure/architecture The decision-making unmanned plane of host node and the cluster unmanned plane realization from node, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, decision-making unmanned plane distributes task to each cluster unmanned plane and sends execute instruction:
Step 1a, decision-making unmanned plane determine cluster unmanned plane state, including the quantity of cluster unmanned plane, each cluster unmanned plane Flight parameter and endurance, wherein unmanned plane during flying parameter include signal quality, the tasks carrying mould of unmanned plane transport module Reaction speed, unmanned plane during flying posture and the real-time three-dimensional coordinate position of block;
Step 1b, decision-making unmanned plane determine pending task situation, including task number, task object position and task Matter, task object position are positioned by the three-dimensional variable of longitude, latitude and height, and unmanned plane can be determined by task character The task type that group performs, Fight Fire in Forest task is such as completed, on fire count out as task number, each point of origin position is task mesh Cursor position, target rescue is task character;
Step 1c, decision-making unmanned plane is according to cluster unmanned plane state and pending task situation, to each cluster unmanned plane point With pending task, and execute instruction is sent, decision-making unmanned plane considers cluster unmanned plane and performs task ability and continuation of the journey energy Power, specific point target on fire is distributed into each cluster unmanned plane by communication module, and be the planning flight of each cluster unmanned plane Path;
Step 2, the execute instruction that the task execution module of each cluster unmanned plane is sent according to decision-making unmanned plane controls cluster Unmanned plane performs task, and is communicated by heartbeat mechanism with decision-making unmanned plane, and respective flight is sent to decision-making unmanned plane Position, endurance and tasks carrying situation;
Step 2a, each cluster unmanned plane were sent out every 5 seconds in task process is performed by communication module to decision-making unmanned plane Send a packet and wait the returned data of decision-making unmanned plane, the data in the packet of transmission include cluster unmanned plane ID, current flight position, endurance and task performance;
Step 2b, the packet that decision-making unmanned plane is sent to each cluster unmanned plane received parse, monitoring module The data that each cluster unmanned plane is sent are obtained, determine each cluster unmanned plane state, it is predetermined to ensure that each cluster unmanned plane is not offset Flight path, and a corresponding packet is replied to each cluster unmanned plane by communication module, decision-making unmanned plane carries out task The data for the packet replied during scheduling include the task for the distribution of cluster unmanned plane and the flight path and environmental situation of planning Information, if decision-making unmanned plane did not receive the packet sent from a certain cluster unmanned plane, decision-making unmanned plane in 15 seconds It will be regarded as disconnecting with the cluster unmanned plane;
Step 2c, each cluster unmanned plane receive the packet that decision-making unmanned plane is replied, and complete heartbeat communication, pass through the heart Jump mechanism can ensure that decision-making unmanned plane keeps communicating with each cluster unmanned plane, can monitor each cluster unmanned plane in real time, it is ensured that Task smoothly performs and can carry out new task scheduling abnormal conditions occur;
Step 3, decision-making unmanned plane optimizes scheduling to each cluster unmanned plane task:
Step 3a, decision-making unmanned plane are monitored in real time to cluster unmanned plane state and tasks carrying situation, are obtained in real time Environmental situation assessment result, and the data and real time environment Situation Assessment result sent according to each cluster unmanned plane received, Optimizing and scheduling task is judged whether to, if so, performing step (3b), otherwise each cluster unmanned plane is continued to hold by former execute instruction Row task;Wherein, each the cluster unmanned plane state and tasks carrying situation that decision-making unmanned plane monitors in real time, including each cluster nobody Machine flight position and endurance, and current task number, task object position and task character:
Step 3a1, decision-making unmanned plane arrange respective flight position, endurance and the task that each cluster unmanned plane is sent Implementation status data, and colliding data and invalid data therein are cleaned, obtain valid data;
Step 3a2, decision-making unmanned plane forms tracking view according to obtained valid data, and utilizes the tracking view formed Each cluster unmanned plane effective coverage range, intervisibility and mobility are assessed, obtain real-time task environmental situation information;
Step 3a3, decision-making unmanned plane are tight to environment potential threat and task object according to real-time task environmental situation information Anxious degree is assessed, and obtains real-time task environmental situation assessment result;
Step 3b, current each cluster unmanned plane shape that the task scheduling modules of decision-making unmanned plane change according to monitoring State and task situation, formulate different decision schemes:
When decision-making monitoring unmanned is to having cluster unmanned plane operation exception or cluster unmanned plane endurance not to support When it completes task, task scheduling modules redefine the unmanned plane number that can continue executing with task, and it is abnormal to count appearance Cluster unmanned plane can not the performing of the task, it is determined that abnormal unmanned plane can be replaced to perform the cluster unmanned plane of task, cluster without Man-machine something unexpected happened possible during tasks carrying causes unmanned plane during flying failure, loses and write to each other with decision-making unmanned plane Or because battery electric quantity problem leads to not continue to complete task, decision-making unmanned plane needs statistical cluster unmanned plane again and dispatched Task;
When decision-making monitoring unmanned is to during task number increase, task scheduling modules determine emerging task object position With it is capable completion new task cluster unmanned plane, unmanned aerial vehicle group perform Fight Fire in Forest task process in, it is possible that newly Point of origin, decision-making unmanned plane obtains new aiming spot on fire from cluster unmanned plane by communication module, and according to current Each cluster unmanned plane residue endurance and state determine that the cluster unmanned plane of new fire extinguishing task can be completed;
When decision-making monitoring unmanned to task number is reduced, task scheduling modules determine perform the task cluster nobody Machine, pause instruction being sent to the cluster unmanned plane, the pause of cluster unmanned plane performs the task and waits new assignment instructions to be received, In unmanned aerial vehicle group performs Fight Fire in Forest task process, such as there is the situation of target point of origin extinguishing, go to the target location Cluster unmanned plane can not just continue the task, and decision-making unmanned plane needs to send pause instruction to the cluster unmanned plane and distributed for it New task;
Step 3c, the task scheduling modules of decision-making unmanned plane by redefining for task and fly according to different decision schemes Each cluster unmanned plane is distributed in walking along the street footpath by communication module, while estimates that each cluster unmanned plane completes the time of required by task;
Step 4, each cluster unmanned plane performs redefining for task according to respective flight path, and keeps forming into columns, and wraps Include in-flight to form into columns and keep, or the switching of different formation forms, or keep control formation expansion under formation form permanence condition, receive Contracting and steering;
Step 5, the monitoring module of decision-making unmanned plane monitors each cluster unmanned plane task performance, when whole tasks are completed When, instruction of making a return voyage is sent, unmanned aerial vehicle group drops to designated area.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching method under dynamic environment, it is characterised in that by being used as distributed frame The decision-making unmanned plane of structure host node and the cluster unmanned plane realization from node, comprise the following steps:
(1) decision-making unmanned plane distributes task to each cluster unmanned plane and sends execute instruction:
(1a) decision-making unmanned plane determines cluster unmanned plane state, including the quantity of cluster unmanned plane, each cluster unmanned plane during flying ginseng Number and endurance;
(1b) decision-making unmanned plane determines pending task situation, including task number, task object position and task character;
(1c) decision-making unmanned plane distributes pending according to cluster unmanned plane state and pending task situation to each cluster unmanned plane Task, and send execute instruction;
(2) execute instruction that each cluster unmanned plane is sent according to decision-making unmanned plane performs task, and passes through heartbeat mechanism and decision-making Unmanned plane is communicated, and respective flight position, endurance and tasks carrying situation data are sent to decision-making unmanned plane;
(3) decision-making unmanned plane optimizes scheduling to each cluster unmanned plane task:
(3a) decision-making unmanned plane is monitored in real time to cluster unmanned plane state and tasks carrying situation, obtains real time environment situation Assessment result, and the data and real time environment Situation Assessment result sent according to each cluster unmanned plane received, judge whether Optimizing and scheduling task is carried out, if so, performing step (3b), otherwise each cluster unmanned plane continues executing with task by former execute instruction; Wherein, each the cluster unmanned plane state and tasks carrying situation that decision-making unmanned plane monitors in real time, including each cluster unmanned plane during flying Position and endurance, and current task number, task object position and task character;
(3b) decision-making unmanned plane formulates different decision-making parties according to the current each cluster unmanned plane state and task situation that monitor Case:
When decision-making monitoring unmanned is to having cluster unmanned plane operation exception or cluster unmanned plane endurance can not support that its is complete During into task, the cluster unmanned plane number that can continue executing with task is redefined, and counts and abnormal cluster unmanned plane occurs Can not performing for task, it is determined that the cluster unmanned plane of abnormal unmanned plane execution task can be replaced;
When decision-making monitoring unmanned is to during task number increase, determining that it is newly appointed that emerging task object position and having the ability is completed The cluster unmanned plane of business;
When decision-making monitoring unmanned to task number is reduced, it is determined that perform the cluster unmanned plane of the task, to the cluster nobody Machine sends pause instruction, and the pause of cluster unmanned plane performs the task and waits new assignment instructions to be received;
(3c) decision-making unmanned plane distributes to redefining for task and its corresponding flight path according to different decision schemes Each cluster unmanned plane;
(4) each cluster unmanned plane performs redefining for task, and keep forming into columns according to respective flight path;
(5) each cluster unmanned plane task performance of decision-making monitoring unmanned, when whole tasks are completed, instruction of making a return voyage is sent, Unmanned aerial vehicle group drops to designated area.
2. the unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching method under a kind of dynamic environment according to claim 1, its feature exist In the execute instruction that each cluster unmanned plane described in step (2) is sent according to decision-making unmanned plane performs task, and passes through heartbeat Mechanism is communicated with decision-making unmanned plane, realizes that step is:
(2a) each cluster unmanned plane sends a packet to decision-making unmanned plane at regular intervals and waits decision-making unmanned plane Returned data, ID, current flight position, endurance and the task that the data in the packet of transmission include cluster unmanned plane are complete Into situation;
The packet that (2b) decision-making unmanned plane is sent to each cluster unmanned plane received parses, and obtains each cluster unmanned plane The data of transmission simultaneously reply a corresponding packet to each cluster unmanned plane, the data of the packet of reply include for cluster without The task of man-machine distribution, the flight path and environmental situation information of planning;
(2c) each cluster unmanned plane receives the packet that decision-making unmanned plane is replied, and completes heartbeat communication.
3. the unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching method under a kind of dynamic environment according to claim 1, its feature exist In, each cluster unmanned plane during flying parameter described in step (1a), including the signal quality of each cluster unmanned plane transport module, appoint Reaction speed, unmanned plane during flying posture and the real-time three-dimensional coordinate position for execution module of being engaged in.
4. the unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching method under a kind of dynamic environment according to claim 1, its feature exist In the decision-making unmanned plane described in step (3a) is monitored in real time to cluster unmanned plane state and tasks carrying situation, is obtained Real time environment Situation Assessment result, realize that step is:
(3a1) decision-making unmanned plane arranges respective flight position, endurance and the tasks carrying feelings that each cluster unmanned plane is sent Condition data, and colliding data and invalid data therein are cleaned, obtain valid data;
(3a2) decision-making unmanned plane forms tracking view according to obtained valid data, and using the tracking view formed to each collection Group's unmanned plane effective coverage range, intervisibility and mobility are assessed, and obtain real-time task environmental situation information;
(3a3) decision-making unmanned plane is according to real-time task environmental situation information, to environment potential threat and task object urgency level Assessed, obtain real-time task environmental situation assessment result.
5. the unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching method under a kind of dynamic environment according to claim 1, its feature exist In, the task character described in step (1b), including cruise, target reconnaissance, interference and counter-measure and target rescue.
6. the unmanned aerial vehicle group distributed task dispatching method under a kind of dynamic environment according to claim 1, its feature exist In the holding described in step (4) is formed into columns, and refers to holding of in-flight forming into columns, or the switching of different formation forms, or keeps forming into columns Control, which is formed into columns, under form permanence condition expands, shrinks and turns to.
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