CN107727947B - Device for detecting DC electric field intensity by using electrorheological fluid - Google Patents
Device for detecting DC electric field intensity by using electrorheological fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN107727947B CN107727947B CN201710918389.1A CN201710918389A CN107727947B CN 107727947 B CN107727947 B CN 107727947B CN 201710918389 A CN201710918389 A CN 201710918389A CN 107727947 B CN107727947 B CN 107727947B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
Abstract
A device for detecting the intensity of DC electric field by using the electrorheological effect of electrorheological fluid is composed of a supporter, a sealed container, electrorheological fluid, internal slide tracks, through holes, internal tubes, working balls, reflecting film, laser emitter and receiver, conducting wires and electromagnetic valve. When the device is in an external electric field, the viscosity, the fluidity and the like of the electrorheological fluid are changed, so that the motion state of the working ball moving in the electrorheological fluid is changed, and finally, the output time of the laser transmitting and receiving device is different. The output time is transmitted to an industrial personal computer and then is subjected to t-E matching with a storage database to achieve the purpose of detecting the electric field intensity applied to the electrorheological fluid. The method has the advantages of high response speed, stable result, simple structure, low cost, no limitation on size and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric field intensity detection, in particular to a device for detecting the electric field intensity of direct current by using electrorheological fluid.
Background
an electric field is a particular substance present in the space surrounding the electric charge and the changing magnetic field, and is a physical field present around the electric charge that can transmit the interaction between the electric charge and the electric charge. Unlike a normal substance, a substance such as an electric field is not composed of a molecular atom or the like, but is objectively present. The electric field has objective properties of force, energy and the like, and the electric field always exists around the electric charge; while the electric field exerts a force on other charges in the field. The force properties of the electric field are: the electric field has a force on the charge placed therein, which is called the electric force.
Under the action of an external electric field, solid particles in the electrorheological fluid obtain the induction action of the electric field, so that the solid particles enter a solid state from a liquid state. The electrorheological fluid with good performance can generate obvious electrorheological effect under the action of an electric field, namely, the electrorheological fluid can be rapidly and reversibly transformed between liquid state and quasi-solid state, and the continuous viscosity is kept. When no electric field is applied, the electrorheological fluid is liquid, and the viscosity is very low; when an electric field is applied, the viscosity of the electrorheological fluid increases with the increase of the electric field. The electrorheological fluid has the characteristics of high sensitivity to the change of the electric field intensity, quick state change, reversibility, low energy consumption, cyclic utilization, high repeatability and the like. Therefore, the value of the loading electric field can be reversely deduced by utilizing the state of the electrorheological fluid. In sharp contrast thereto: at present, the electric field measurement means or devices on the market are relatively few, and the defects of inaccurate measurement, complex equipment, relatively high equipment or test cost and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device for detecting the intensity of a direct current electric field by using electrorheological fluid. The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, high response speed, stability and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A device for detecting the intensity of a direct current electric field by electrorheological fluid comprises a bracket with a base and a cantilever, wherein a closed container is fixed on the base of the bracket; the inner cavity of the closed container is filled with electrorheological fluid, and the bottom surface in the closed container is fixed with a built-in pipe vertical to the bottom surface;
The bottom and the top of the built-in pipe are provided with through holes communicated with the electrorheological fluid, a built-in sliding rail parallel to the length direction of the pipe body of the built-in pipe is placed in the built-in pipe, and a working ball capable of moving along the built-in sliding rail is arranged in the built-in sliding rail; the initial position of the working ball is fixed on the electromagnetic valve at the top of the built-in slide rail; the outer surface of the part of the working ball close to the top end of the inner tube is coated with a reflective film;
And a cantilever of the bracket is provided with a laser transmitting and receiving device which is over against the working ball.
the container is a closed container, the melting point of the used material is 230-260 ℃, the material has light transmittance, the light transmittance is more than or equal to 90%, and the color is colorless or nearly colorless.
The material of the closed container is polyethylene terephthalate, nylon or polycarbonate.
The closed container is tightly contacted with the bracket base without liquid leakage; the bottom end of the built-in pipe is tightly contacted with the bottom end of the closed container.
The electrorheological fluid has good light transmission, and the light transmittance is more than or equal to 80%.
The electrorheological fluid is Ca-Ti-O electrorheological fluid, Al 2 O 3 electrorheological fluid, modified TiO 2 electrorheological fluid or Sm-TiO 2 nano electrorheological fluid, and the Reynolds number Re of the electrorheological fluid is less than 0.2.
The working ball is made of insulating material, wherein rhoBall with ball-shaped section＞ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infection，rBall with ball-shaped sectionLess than 3 mm; where ρ is the density and r is the radius.
The height of the laser transmitting and receiving device is adjustable.
The upper surface of the reflective film is smooth and flat.
The motion rule of the working ball in the electrorheological fluid conforms to the Stokes law formula: gBall with ball-shaped section≥FFloating body+fViscous dragWherein G isBall with ball-shaped sectionAs the weight of the working ball, FFloating bodyIs the buoyancy to which the working ball is subjected, fViscous dragIs the viscous resistance experienced by the working ball.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the electrorheological fluid electric field intensity detection device has the advantages of quick response, good repeatability and low energy consumption. When the device is placed in different external electric fields, the purpose of identifying the intensity of the electric field can be realized according to different time output by the laser transmitting and receiving device.
Through the technical scheme, when different electric fields are additionally arranged between the polar plates of the electrorheological fluid electric field intensity detection device, the electrorheological fluid is subjected to physical changes of different degrees (mainly expressed as changes of the electrorheological fluid mobility, viscosity, intensity and the like) due to different electric field intensities, and the buoyancy and viscous resistance borne by the working ball are changed of different degrees, so that the motion state of the working ball is changed, and finally, the time of output of the laser transmitting and receiving device is changed in real time. The industrial personal computer is used for collecting the output time value which changes in real time, and the output time value is matched with the data stored in the database, so that the strength of the detected electric field can be obtained, and finally, the functions of detecting and monitoring the strength of the direct current electric field are achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structure of an electrorheological fluid electric field strength detection device of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a support 1, a closed container 2, electrorheological fluid 3, a built-in sliding rail 4, a through hole 5, a built-in pipe 6, a working ball 7, a reflective film 8, a laser transmitting and receiving device 9, a lead 10 and an electromagnetic valve 11.
FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the viscosity of modified TiO 2 electrorheological fluid and the viscosity of pure silicon oil with the applied electric field.
FIG. 3 is the relationship between the working ball velocity v with time t when no electric field is applied and an external electric field is applied to the modified TiO 2 electrorheological fluid in the specific example.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for detecting electric field intensity by electrorheological fluid provided by the invention comprises a bracket 1 with a base and a cantilever, wherein a closed container 2 is fixed on the base of the bracket 1; the inner cavity of the closed container 2 is filled with electrorheological fluid 3, and the bottom of the closed container 2 is vertically fixed with an internal pipe 6;
The bottom and the top of the built-in pipe 6 are provided with a through hole 5 communicated with the electrorheological fluid 3, a built-in slide rail 4 parallel to the length direction of the pipe body of the built-in pipe 6 is arranged in the built-in pipe 6, and a working ball 7 capable of moving along the built-in slide rail 4 is arranged in the built-in slide rail 4; the initial position of the working ball 7 is on the solenoid valve 11 fixed on the top of the built-in slide rail 4.
A laser transmitting and receiving device 9 which is right opposite to the working ball 7 is fixed on a cantilever of the bracket 1, and the top of the upper end of the working ball 7 is provided with a reflective film 8. The height of the laser emitting and receiving device 9 is adjustable. The upper surface of the reflective film 8 is smooth and flat. The laser emitting and receiving device 9 is provided with a lead 10 connected to an external power supply.
The closed container 2 is in a cubic shape, a columnar shape or other forms, the melting point of the used material is 230-260 ℃, the light transmittance is good, and the color is colorless or nearly colorless. The material of the closed vessel 2 is preferably polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, or polycarbonate. The closed container 2 is tightly contacted with the base of the bracket 1 without liquid leakage; the bottom end of the inner pipe 6 is closely contacted with the bottom end of the closed container 2.
The electro-rheological fluid 3 is colorless or nearly colorless. Preferably Ca-Ti-O electrorheological fluid and Al2O3Electrorheological fluid and modified TiO2Electrorheological fluid or Sm-TiO2Nano electrorheological fluid, electrorheological fluid 3 Reynolds number Re<0.2. The working ball 7 is made of an insulating material, where ρBall with ball-shaped section＞ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infection，rBall with ball-shaped section＜3mm。
The movement rule of the electrorheological fluid 3 where the working ball 7 is located accords with the Stokes law formula: gBall with ball-shaped section≥Ffloating body+fviscous dragWherein G isBall with ball-shaped sectionIs the weight of the working ball 7, FFloating bodyIs the buoyancy force borne by the working ball 7, fViscous dragIs subject to viscous drag.
When the device is placed in different external electric fields, the electric field to be detected changes the viscosity, the strength and the like of the electrorheological fluid 3, so that the time required for the working ball 7 to move to the bottom end of the closed container 2 and the time when the electric field to be detected is not added are changed, the time output by the laser transmitting and receiving device 9 is different along with the different numerical values of the electric field to be detected, and after the output time is transmitted to an industrial personal computer, the output time is matched with a storage database in a t-E manner to achieve the purpose of detecting the electric field intensity added to the electrorheological fluid.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
The selected electrorheological fluid 3 is modified TiO 2 electrorheological fluid, which is high-performance modified electrorheological fluid and has the components of dispersed phase of electrorheological fluid 3 of RE modified TiO 2 prepared by sol-gel process and base liquid of electrorheological fluid 3 of 201 # methyl silicone oil with dimethyl sulfoxide as additive, and the device is in static state during test and the working ball 7 is fixed to the top of the built-in pipe 6 initially via the solenoid valve 11.
Because the Reynolds number Re of the electrorheological fluid 3 is less than 0.2The working ball 7 is made of insulating material and moves slowly, so that the movement of the working ball 7 in the electrorheological fluid 3 conforms to the stokes law: gBall with ball-shaped section≥FFloating body+fViscous drag(GBall with ball-shaped sectionIs the weight of the working ball 7, Ffloating bodyIs the buoyancy force borne by the working ball 7, fViscous dragViscous drag experienced by the working ball 7), wherein GBall with ball-shaped section＝VBall with ball-shaped sectionρBall with ball-shaped sectiong(VBall with ball-shaped sectionThe volume of the working ball 7 can be made hollow or solid, in this case solid) according to the needs, FFloating body＝VRow boardρLiquid for treating urinary tract infectiong(ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionThe density of the electro-rheological fluid 3 is selected, and since the working ball is immersed in the electro-rheological fluid 3 in the present invention, VRow board＝VBall with ball-shaped section)，fViscous drag＝6πηLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionrBall with ball-shaped sectionvBall with ball-shaped section(wherein eta)Liquid for treating urinary tract infectionIs the viscosity coefficient, r, of the selected electrorheological fluid 3Ball with ball-shaped sectionFor the selected working ball 7 corresponds to a radius and rBall with ball-shaped section＜3mm，vBall with ball-shaped sectionThe moving speed of the working ball 7 in the electro-rheological fluid 3).
In order to clearly show the feasibility of the device, modified TiO is selected2The electrorheological fluid 3 is used as a working medium and simultaneously pure silicon oil is selected as a comparison liquid. As can be seen from fig. 2: the viscosity of the pure silicon oil does not change along with the electric field intensity, namely the viscosity value of the pure silicon oil is 350 mPas in the range of the applied electric field intensity. However, modified TiO2Electrorheological fluid 3 viscosity etaLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionIt monotonically increases with the increase of the applied electric field E. According to the characteristic, the value of the loaded direct current electric field can be correspondingly obtained by measuring the viscosity change of the electrorheological fluid 3 when the external electric field exists. In the present invention, the change in the viscosity of the electro-rheological fluid 3 is represented by a change in the time taken for the working ball 7 to reach the bottom of the inner tube 6 from the initial position.
Modified TiO2The electrorheological fluid 3 is used as a working medium, and when the measurement is carried out without an electric field and with an electric field, the motion process of the working ball 7 is different: when no electric field is applied, due to ηLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionMinimum, as in v in FIG. 3Ball with ball-shaped sectionGradually increase when t is1Increase of time to v1When, GBall with ball-shaped section＝FFloating body+fViscous dragThe working ball 7 starts with v1The speed decreases at a constant speed. Let the total movement stroke of the working ball 7 be H (i.e. the distance from the initial position of the working ball 7 to the bottom of the inner tube 6), and the initial velocity after opening the electromagnetic valve 11 be v0The initial time is t0Changing the motion stroke of the accelerated motion to h1(ii) a When at t1at the moment the velocity reaches v1then the uniform motion is started, and the travel of the uniform motion is h1', the time of uniform motion is delta t1＝h1’/v1Then the total movement time of the working ball 7 in the inner tube without the electric field is DeltatE＝0＝t1-t0+△t1. When the working ball 7 moves in the electrorheological fluid 3 loaded with a certain external electric field, the hypothesis is that rholiquid for treating urinary tract infectionWith little or no change in the electric field.
Due to ηLiquid for treating urinary tract infectionThe applied electric field E is applied to increase, so that the same type of electrorheological fluid 3 exhibits the following two characteristics after being applied with the electric field: (1) the acceleration at the initial stage decreases; (2) velocity v at which uniform motion is achieved2And decreases. And the two characteristics are more remarkable along with the increase of the applied electric field. Similar to the movement process in the absence of an applied electric field, when the working ball 7 is at the initial time t0At an initial velocity v0After the movement is started, the movement is changed into an acceleration process with a stroke of h2(ii) a When at t2At the moment the velocity reaches v2Then the uniform motion is started, and the travel of the uniform motion is h2', movement time is Deltat2＝h2’/v2Then, the total movement time of the working ball 7 in the electrorheological fluid after the electric field is loaded is Δ tE＝t2-t0+△t2. Δ t can be found from the previous analysisE＝0＜△tEAnd the larger the applied electric field is, the output time delta tEThe larger. Thus, the Δ t of the entire process is determined by the laser transmitter and receiverEAnd apply the Δ tEAnd the electric field intensity is transmitted to an industrial personal computer, and t-E matching can be carried out on the electric field intensity and a storage database to obtain the numerical value of an external electric field, so that the functions of detecting and monitoring the electric field intensity are completed.
The movement described in the above example is divided into two processes, the front section is variable acceleration movement, and the rear section is variable acceleration movementThe movement is uniform. However, other motion processes still exist in practice, for example, the whole process is all variable-acceleration motion, or the variable-acceleration process in the whole motion process is very short, even the process is negligible, so that the whole process is simplified into uniform motion. Both of these cases are special cases of the above analysis. Analysis from the previous procedure readily yields: delta tAll become accelerated＜△tVariable acceleration + uniform speed＜△tAll are at uniform speed. The different electric field strength will cause the motion situation of the working ball 7 to be different, so that the output time of the laser emitting and receiving device 9 is different, i.e. the larger the applied electric field is, the longer the corresponding output time is. And the data acquisition and processing of the rear-end industrial personal computer are matched, so that the functions of detecting and monitoring the intensity of the applied electric field are completed.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
In this example, modified TiO was selected2The electrorheological fluid is used as a working medium (the density rho of the electrorheological fluid is in the absence of an external electric field)Liquid for treating urinary tract infection＝1.585g/cm3). Working ball selection density rhoBall with ball-shaped section＝2.2g/cm3And the total motion stroke of the working ball is 0.1 m.
The formula and the preparation process of the modified TiO 2 electrorheological fluid selected in the embodiment are as follows:
(1) Preparing modified base liquid: weighing a certain amount of 201# methyl silicone oil (the density rho of the 201# methyl silicone oil is 0.997 g/cm) by using a weighing bottle3) And using a micro-syringe according to the volume ratio VDimethyl sulfoxide：V201# methyl silicone oil5: 100 dimethyl sulfoxide (dimethyl sulfoxide density rho is 1.10 g/cm)3) And injecting the mixture into weighed 201# methyl silicone oil, uniformly dispersing dimethyl sulfoxide into 201# methyl silicone oil through mechanical stirring, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30 minutes to obtain a modified base liquid.
(2) Modified TiO2preparing electrorheological fluid: adding TiO into the mixture2Adding the powder to a modified base liquid, wherein the TiO2The volume fraction of the powder was 20% of the modified base liquid (TiO)2powder density rho 4.23g/cm3) Modified TiO finally obtained2Electrorheological fluids are practicedMeasured at a density of about pLiquid for treating urinary tract infection＝1.585g/cm3。
A Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solid working ball 7 is placed on an electromagnetic valve 11, and then an electric field to be tested is loaded on electrorheological fluid. After the electromagnetic valve 11 was opened, the laser transmitter receiver 9 measured 0.145700s as the total time taken for the work ball 7 to complete the 0.1m work stroke.
By comparing the parameters such as the type, density, working ball radius and the like of the electrorheological fluid and matching a t-E comparison table (namely table 1) in an industrial personal computer, the following results can be obtained: the external electric field intensity to be measured is between 1.0 kV/mm and 1.5kV/mm, the electric field intensity to be measured is 1.320782kV/mm through the processes of computer interpolation calculation and the like, the actual electric field intensity is 1.327419kV/mm, and the accuracy reaches 99.6 percent.
And (3) comparing test results: in order to verify the accuracy of the electric field strength detector device, an E300 electric field strength analyzer of Kay electronics company which is produced and applied in the market is selected to measure the electric field to be detected. After applying an electric field to the sample, the data varied between 1.30 to 1.33 kV/mm. When the data is stabilized for about 2s, the electric field intensity to be detected is 1.31kV/mm, so that the device for detecting the direct-current electric field intensity by the electrorheological fluid has higher measurement precision, smaller error and higher response speed under the condition of ideal measurement environment.
TABLE 1T-E Standard comparison Table (working stroke 0.1m) of certain modified TiO 2 electrorheological fluid
Claims (6)
1. A device for detecting electric field intensity by electrorheological fluid is characterized by comprising a bracket with a base and a cantilever, wherein a closed container is fixed on the base of the bracket; the inner cavity of the closed container is filled with electrorheological fluid, and the bottom surface in the closed container is fixed with a built-in pipe vertical to the bottom surface;
The bottom and the top of the built-in pipe are provided with through holes communicated with the electrorheological fluid, a built-in sliding rail parallel to the length direction of the pipe body of the built-in pipe is placed in the built-in pipe, and a working ball capable of moving along the built-in sliding rail is arranged in the built-in sliding rail; the initial position of the working ball is fixed on the electromagnetic valve at the top of the built-in slide rail; the outer surface of the part of the working ball close to the top end of the inner tube is coated with a reflective film;
A laser transmitting and receiving device which is over against the working ball is arranged on a cantilever of the bracket;
The closed container is tightly contacted with the bracket base without liquid leakage; the bottom end of the built-in pipe is tightly contacted with the bottom end of the closed container;
The electrorheological fluid is Ca-Ti-O electrorheological fluid, Al 2 O 3 electrorheological fluid, modified TiO 2 electrorheological fluid or Sm-TiO 2 nano electrorheological fluid, and the Reynolds number Re of the electrorheological fluid is less than 0.2;
The working ball is made of insulating material, wherein rhoBall with ball-shaped section>ρLiquid for treating urinary tract infection，rBall with ball-shaped section<3 mm; wherein rho is density and r is radius;
When different electric fields are additionally arranged between polar plates of the electrorheological fluid electric field intensity detection device, the electrorheological fluid is subjected to physical changes in different degrees due to different electric field intensities, and the buoyancy and viscous resistance of the working ball are changed in different degrees, so that the motion state of the working ball is changed, and finally, the output time of the laser transmitting and receiving device is changed in real time;
The industrial personal computer is used for collecting the output time value which changes in real time, and the output time value is matched with the data of the storage database, so that the strength of the detected electric field can be obtained, and finally, the functions of detecting and monitoring the strength of the direct current electric field are achieved;
The physical change of the electrorheological fluid is mainly represented by the change of the fluidity, the viscosity and the intensity of the electrorheological fluid, and the motion rule of the working ball in the electrorheological fluid accords with the Stokes law formula: gball with ball-shaped section≥FFloating body+fViscous dragWherein G isBall with ball-shaped sectionas the weight of the working ball, FFloating bodyIs the buoyancy to which the working ball is subjected, fViscous dragIs the viscous resistance experienced by the working ball.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the closed container has a melting point of 230-260 ℃ and a light transmittance of not less than 90%.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the material of the closed container is polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, or polycarbonate.
4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the electrorheological fluid has a light transmittance of 80% or more.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the height of the laser emitting and receiving device is adjustable.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the light reflecting film is smooth and flat.
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| CN112147479B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-09-07 | 朱丽云 | Energy-saving and environment-friendly light-emitting diode detection device using current transformer |
| CN115808115B (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2023-05-23 | 昆山尚瑞智能科技有限公司 | Automobile part measuring equipment for small-diameter hole groove |
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