CN107727628A - 一种脂肪酶醇解活力的荧光检测方法 - Google Patents
一种脂肪酶醇解活力的荧光检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种脂肪酶醇解活力的荧光检测方法,所述方法是以4‑甲基伞形酮丁酸酯和C1~C4的烷基醇为底物,以脂肪酶为催化剂,在有机溶剂中,200r/min、25~50℃条件下进行醇解反应,反应完全后,将反应液离心,取上清液测试其在激发波长330nm和吸收波长390nm处的荧光值,根据4‑甲基伞形酮标准曲线计算产物4‑甲基伞形酮的浓度,进而获得脂肪酶的酶活;本发明所述非水相脂肪酶转酯化活力的检测方法的有益效果主要体现在:检测方法简单可行,原料成本低,检测耗时少,可以用于脂肪酶醇解活力的快速测定,适合常规生化实验室应用。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机溶剂体系中脂肪酶醇解活力的检测方法。
(二)背景技术
脂肪酶(Lipase,EC 3.1.1.3)即三酰基甘油酰基水解酶,它催化天然底物油脂水解,生成脂肪酸、甘油和甘油单酯或二酯,也能催化酯化,转酯化,醇解,酸解和胺解等反应。多数脂肪酶活性中心是由丝氨酸、天冬氨酸、组氨酸组成的三联体。脂肪酶分子由亲水部分和疏水部分组成,活性中心靠近分子疏水端。脂肪酶具有特殊的盖子结构,界面活化的性质。随着近20多年的非水相生物催化的飞速发展,脂肪酶的基础理论和应用研究越来越多。脂肪酶已经广泛应用于食品,医药,化工材料和能源等领域。
脂肪酶作为一种生物催化剂,需要对其催化活性进行测定,即酶活力的检测。目前绝大部分脂肪酶的酶活测定方法都是根据其水解活性的特性,比如常见的橄榄油乳化滴定法,以对硝基苯酚酯为底物分光光度计法等。但是脂肪酶的酯化活性与其水解活性并非完全可以对应。随着脂肪酶的非水相酯化反应应用的增加,建立脂肪酶醇解活性的测定方法具有很重要的应用价值和意义。现已报道的脂肪酶醇解活性的测定方法,一般通过GC,HPLC等大型仪器,存在着检测时间长,仪器要求高,试剂昂贵等问题。
滕云,徐岩等(1、Yun Teng,Yan Xu.A modified para-nitrophenyl palmitateassay for lipase synthetic activity determination in organic solvent[J].Analytical Biochemistry,2007,363:297-299;2、徐岩;滕云。一种非水相中脂肪酶合成酶活力的快速测定方法.申请(专利)号:CN200610086243.7)建立了以对硝基苯酚棕榈酸酯和乙醇转酯化反应,通过碱液萃取反应液后410nm检测对硝基苯酚的含量,从而检测脂肪酶的酯化活性。检测过程中涉及到碱液萃取步骤,可能导致对硝基苯酚棕榈酸酯的自发水解和萃取不完全等问题,将会影响检测的准确性。Goujard等(L.Goujard,P.Villeneuve,B.Barea.A spectrophotometric transesterification-based assay for lipases inorganic solvent[J].Analytical biochemistry,385(1):161-167)利用脂肪酶催化乙烯酯和烷基醇的转酯化反应,通过200nm波长检测乙烯酯的含量以测定脂肪酶的酶活力。反应溶剂,底物烷基醇和产物乙烯醇异构化得到的乙醛在200nm处都吸收,因此都会对检测结果存在干扰作用,其中乙醛容易挥发,其反应液中的残留含量难以计算。Uwe T.Bornscheuer等(Monika Konarzycka-Bessler,Uwe T.Bornscheuer.A High-Throughput-ScreeningMethod for Determining the Synthetic Activity of Hydrolases[J].AngewandteChemie,2003,42(12):1418-1420)利用脂肪酶催化乙烯月桂酸酯和丙醇作为模式反应,生成的乙醛通过4-肼基-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并氧杂恶二唑衍生化产生荧光物质。
(三)发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述方法的不足,建立一种操作简单,仪器要求不高,重复性好的有机溶剂中脂肪酶醇解活力的检测方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种脂肪酶醇解活力的荧光检测方法,所述方法为:以4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯(Ⅰ,Bu-4-Mu)和C1~C4的烷基醇(Ⅱ)为底物,以脂肪酶为催化剂,在有机溶剂中,于200r/min、25~50℃(优选30℃)条件下进行醇解反应,反应完全后,获得含4-甲基伞形酮(Ⅲ)和丁酸烷基酯(Ⅳ)的反应液,将反应液离心,取上清液测试其在激发波长330nm和吸收波长390nm下的荧光值,根据4-甲基伞形酮标准曲线计算反应液中4-甲基伞形酮(4-Mu)的浓度,进而获得脂肪酶的酶活;所述脂肪酶的酶活定义为:每l min催化1μmol的4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯转化为4-甲基伞形酮的酶量为1个酶活力单位;所述4-甲基伞形酮标准曲线是将4-甲基伞形酮用醇解所用相同的有机溶剂配制成浓度梯度,测试在激发波长330nm和吸收波长390nm下的荧光值,以浓度梯度为横坐标,以吸光值为纵坐标制成;
式(Ⅱ)中:R为C1~C4的烷基,式(Ⅳ)中R同式(Ⅱ)。
进一步,所述4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯和C1~C4的烷基醇分别用相同有机溶剂配制成0.1~10mM4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯溶液和0.5~25mM C1~C4的烷基醇溶液。
进一步,所述0.1~10mM 4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯溶液和0.5~25mM C1~C4的烷基醇溶液体积比为1:1-5;所述脂肪酶用量以4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯溶液体积计为0.01~0.10g/ml。
进一步,同一个反应中,所述C1~C4的烷基醇与有机溶剂不相同,所述C1~C4的烷基醇为甲醇。
进一步,所述有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或叔丁醇,更优选为叔丁醇。
进一步,所述4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯用叔丁醇配制成0.5mM4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯溶液,所述甲醇用叔丁醇配制成2.5mM甲醇溶液,所述4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯溶液与甲醇溶液体积比为1:1;所述脂肪酶用量以4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯溶液体积计为0.02g/ml。
进一步,4-甲基伞形酮标准曲线制备方法为:用醇解反应相同有机溶剂(优选叔丁醇)配制梯度浓度为0.01mM、0.02Mm、0.03mM、0.04mM、0.05mM、0.06mM、0.08mM的4-甲基伞形酮溶液,测试在激发波长330nm、吸收波长390nm条件下的荧光强度值,然后以4-甲基伞形酮溶液浓度为横坐标,荧光强度值为纵坐标绘制标准曲线。
进一步,所述醇解反应在200r/min、30℃下水浴反应10min。
本发明所述的非水相脂肪酶转酯化活力的检测方法,反应液可以通过石英比色皿或者石英96孔板进行荧光强度的检测,石英96孔板检测时检测体积为0.3ml。
由于酶催化转酯化反应需要排除水分的干扰,所用的试剂和溶剂利用4A分子筛脱水。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果主要体现在:
本发明所述非水相脂肪酶醇解活力的检测方法简单可行,方法检测耗时少,反应体系不需衍生化和稀释操作,每天可检测样品9200个。原料4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯作为传统脂肪酶水解活性检测底物,原料购买方便价格便宜(4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司,1克159元)千次检测原料费用为2元。对比上述Uwe T.Bornscheuer文献方法,使用的荧光检测原料价格非常昂贵(4-肼基-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并氧杂恶二唑,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司,50毫克1999元),而且稳定相对较差。本方法仪器要求不高,普通荧光检测器就满足要求。本方法可以用于脂肪酶醇解活性的快速筛选,适合常规生化实验室应用。
(四)附图说明
图1为4-甲基伞形酮和4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯的激发波长扫描图;
图2为4-甲基伞形酮和4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯的吸收波长扫描图;
图3为荧光检测4-甲基伞形酮在激发波长330nm和吸收波长390nm的标准曲线。
图4为液相色谱法检测4-甲基伞形酮的标准曲线。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1:4-甲基伞形酮和4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯的激发波长和吸收波长的确定
将5mM 4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯的叔丁醇溶液和0.1mM 4-甲基伞形酮的叔丁醇溶液,分别在酶标仪(美国分子仪器公司,M5酶标仪)对激发波长(310nm-350nm)和吸收波长(370nm-400nm)范围进行波长扫描,从图1和图2可以得出4-甲基伞形酮在激发波长330nm和吸收波长390nm下,获得最佳的荧光检测结果。
实施例2:荧光检测标准曲线的建立
1、荧光检测标准曲线绘制:以叔丁醇为溶剂,配制梯度浓度为0.01mM、0.02Mm、0.03mM、0.04mM、0.05mM、0.06mM、0.08mM的4-Mu叔丁醇溶液,用酶标仪在激发波长330nm,吸收波长390nm条件下测出不同浓度下荧光强度RFU值,然后以4-Mu叔丁醇溶液浓度为横坐标,RFU值为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,结果见图3所示。
2、液相色谱检测标准曲线绘制:以叔丁醇为溶剂,配制梯度浓度为0.01mM、0.02Mm、0.03mM、0.04mM、0.05mM、0.06mM、0.08mM的4-Mu叔丁醇溶液,用液相色谱仪检测不同浓度下出峰面积,然后以4-Mu叔丁醇溶液浓度为横坐标,峰面积为纵坐标绘制标准曲线,结果见图4所示。
高效液相色谱仪法条件:waters 2695,色谱柱:C18柱,柱温:30℃,流动相:乙腈:水=8:2,流速1ml/min,检测器:二极管阵列检测器。
实施例3检测和反应体系所用有机溶剂的确定
将0.5mM 4-甲基伞形酮和0.5mM 4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯分别溶于1mL甲醇、乙醇、叔丁醇等有机溶剂(表1),并在200r/min、30℃条件下反应10min。在激发波长330nm和吸收波长390nm进行荧光值检测。荧光结果如表1所示。甲醇,乙醇条件下4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯发生自发反应,将影响检测结果,因此选择叔丁醇作为有机溶剂。
表1
实施例4:对5种商品化脂肪酶的转酯化活性测定和液相色谱检测验证
4-甲基伞形酮和4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯以叔丁醇为溶剂的荧光扫描图的标准曲线参见图1~3。
将0.5mM 4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯的叔丁醇溶液1mL和2.5mM的甲醇叔丁醇溶液1mL混合,再加入0.02g的待测脂肪酶(表2),在200r/min、30℃条件下反应10min。反应结束后,将反应液离心,取0.3mL上清液用酶标仪在激发波长330nm,吸收波长390nm条件下进行荧光检测,对照实施例2步骤1的标准曲线计算产物产量,进而获得脂肪酶的酶活数据。结果如表2所示。
取0.1ml上述反应液利用乙腈稀释100倍后进行液相色谱分析,检测反应产物4-甲基伞形酮的峰面积,根据实施例2步骤2的标准曲线得出反应液中4-甲基伞形酮的含量,继而计算反应的转化率和比酶活。结果如表2所示。
转化率公式:W=c/(0.5c0)×100%,其中c表示产物浓度,c0表示初始底物浓度。
酶活单位定义:每分钟催化产生1μmol的4-甲基伞形酮的酶量为一个酶活单位,用U表示;比酶活:单位质量脂肪酶所具有的酶活,表示为U/g。
高效液相色谱仪法条件:waters 2695,色谱柱:C18柱,柱温:30℃,流动相:乙腈:水=8:2,流速1ml/min,检测器:二极管阵列检测器。
表2
由表2可见,对商品化脂肪酶利用本紫外分光光度分析方法的比酯活和液相色谱分析法得到的结果基本一致,因此本发明所述检测方法准确可行。
Claims (8)
1.一种脂肪酶醇解活力的荧光检测方法,其特征在于所述方法为:以4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯和C1~C4的烷基醇为底物,以脂肪酶为催化剂,在有机溶剂中,于200r/min、25~50℃条件下进行醇解反应,反应完全后,获得含4-甲基伞形酮的反应液,将反应液离心,取上清液测试其在激发波长330nm和吸收波长390nm处的荧光值,根据4-甲基伞形酮标准曲线计算反应液中4-甲基伞形酮的浓度,进而获得脂肪酶的酶活;所述脂肪酶的酶活定义为:每lmin催化1μmol的4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯转化为4-甲基伞形酮的酶量为1个酶活力单位;所述4-甲基伞形酮标准曲线是将4-甲基伞形酮用醇解反应所用的有机溶剂配制成浓度梯度,测试其在激发波长330nm和吸收波长390nm处的荧光值,以浓度梯度为横坐标,以吸光值为纵坐标制成。
2.如权利要求1所述脂肪酶醇解活力的荧光检测方法,其特征在于所述4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯和C1~C4的烷基醇分别用相同有机溶剂配制成0.1~10mM4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯溶液和0.5~25mM C1~C4的烷基醇溶液。
3.如权利要求2所述脂肪酶醇解活力的荧光检测方法,其特征在于所述0.1~10mM4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯溶液和0.5~25mM C1~C4的烷基醇溶液体积比为1:1-5;所述脂肪酶用量以4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯溶液体积计为0.01~0.10g/ml。
4.如权利要求1所述脂肪酶醇解活力的荧光检测方法,其特征在于所述有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或叔丁醇。
5.如权利要求1所述脂肪酶醇解活力的荧光检测方法,其特征在于所述C1~C4的烷基醇为甲醇。
6.如权利要求5所述脂肪酶醇解活力的荧光检测方法,其特征在于所述4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯用叔丁醇配制成0.5mM4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯溶液,所述甲醇用叔丁醇配制成2.5mM甲醇溶液,所述4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯溶液与甲醇溶液体积比为1:1;所述脂肪酶用量以4-甲基伞形酮丁酸酯溶液体积计为0.02g/ml。
7.如权利要求1所述脂肪酶醇解活力的荧光检测方法,其特征在于4-甲基伞形酮标准曲线制备方法为:用醇解反应相同有机溶剂配制梯度浓度为0.01mM、0.02Mm、0.03mM、0.04mM、0.05mM、0.06mM、0.08mM的4-甲基伞形酮溶液,测试在激发波长330nm和吸收波长390nm处的荧光强度值,然后以4-甲基伞形酮溶液浓度为横坐标,荧光强度值为纵坐标绘制标准曲线。
8.如权利要求1所述脂肪酶醇解活力的荧光检测方法,其特征在于所述醇解反应在200r/min、30℃下水浴反应10min。
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