CN107727493A - A kind of residual stress experimental calibration detection method - Google Patents
A kind of residual stress experimental calibration detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of residual stress experimental calibration detection method, it is characterised in that including step：Including step：S1, the paster at away from hole heart r, 45 times of test specimen for taking width to be more than the aperture radius a that measured point is bored；S2, in Material Testing Machine by the test specimen multistage loadings of no drilling, calculate the stress σ of test specimen, measure strain stress ' 1 under loads at different levels and ε ' 2；S3, test specimen special equipment is removed in test specimen appointed part behind special hole, then stretched again, and measure the strain value ε behind special hole " 1 and ε " 2；S4, calculate residual stress σ 1 and σ 2 and its angle Ф numerical value residual stress experimental calibration detection method provided by the invention, measurement accuracy height, good linearity, temperature drift are small, it can reliably work for a long time, can be widely applied to the physical quantity integration tests such as industry spot, Corporation R ＆ D test center, the strain of Teaching in University experiment, stress, displacement, pressure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to residual stress detection technique field, is examined more specifically to a kind of residual stress experimental calibration
Survey method.
Background technology
Generally say, an object, in no external force and moment of face effect, the bar that temperature reaches balance, phase transformation has terminated
Still had under part, inside it and itself keeps the stress of balance to be called internal stress.
According to the conspicuous sorting technique proposed of German scholar Mach labor, internal stress is divided into three classes：
Ith class internal stress is present in the large area (many crystal grain) of material, and is protected in each section of whole object
Maintain an equal level the internal stress to weigh.When the Ith class interior stress balance and interior stress balance of object are destroyed, object can produce grand
The change in size of sight.
IIth class internal stress is to be present in the internal stress in smaller range (region of a crystal grain or intra-die).
IIIth class internal stress is to be present in the internal stress of very low range (several atomic distances).
Usually said residual stress is exactly the Ith class internal stress in engineering.Up to the present, the survey of the Ith class internal stress
Amount technology is the most perfect, and their influences to material property and component quality are also studied the most thorough.
In addition to such sorting technique, engineering circles are also got used to sorting out by the technical process for producing residual stress
And name, such as casting stress, welding stress, heat treatment stress, grinding stress, shot-peening stress etc., and refer generally to all
It is the Ith class internal stress.
Residual stress in component of machine and large-sized mechanical component is to its fatigue strength, stress corrosion resistant ability, size
Stability and service life have highly important influence.It is tired that residual compressive stress that is appropriate, being reasonably distributed is likely to become raising
Labor intensity, stress corrosion resistant ability is improved, so as to extend the factor of part and component service life；And unsuitable remnants should
Power can then reduce fatigue strength, produce stress corrosion, lose dimensional accuracy, even result in the initial failure thing such as deformation, cracking
Therefore.
In machine-building, various technical process often can all produce residual stress.But if in essence, production
The reason for raw residual stress, can be attributed to：Uneven plastic deformation；Uneven temperature change；Uneven phase transformation.
For the specific service condition of workpiece, certain technological measure is taken, it is unfavorable that elimination or reduction are used for performance
Residual tension, may be incorporated into beneficial residual compressive stress distribution sometimes, here it is the adjustment problem of residual stress.
The method of generally adjustment residual stress has：
Natrual ageing, component is placed in outdoor, the change repeatedly through weather, temperature, under the effect of temperature stress repeatedly,
Stablized residual stress relaxation, dimensional accuracy.It is generally believed that the workpiece by 1 year natrual ageing, residual stress only under
Drop 2%~10%, but the relaxation rigidity of workpiece has obtained significantly improving, thus the dimensional stability of workpiece is fine.But due to
Aging time is long, does not use typically.
Heat aging, it is traditional aging process, using the annealing technology in heat treatment, by workpiece heat to 500~650
DEG C carry out the long period insulation after be slowly cooled to room temperature again.Under heat effect by atoms permeating and plastic deformation make in
Stress elimination.Heat aging is theoretically used, as long as annealing temperature and time are suitable, stress can be completely eliminated.But in reality
The 70~80% of residual stress can be generally eliminated in the production of border, but it has workpiece material surface oxidation, hardness and mechanicalness
The defects of declining.
Oscillating aging, oscillating aging are workpiece is produced resonance, pine under the external periodic force effect that vibrator is applied
Relaxation residual stress, obtain dimensional accuracy stability.Namely in the presence of machinery, component is set to produce local plastic deformation,
So that residual stress is released, to reach the purpose for reducing and adjusting residual stress.It is characterized in processing time is short, fits
It is easy to operate with scope is wide, energy resource consumption is few, equipment investment is small, thus oscillating aging the seventies from developed country introduce after
Widelyd popularize at home.
Static overload method, it is in the form of static(al) or statical moment, temporarily loads on component, and is protected under this load
A period of time is held, so that parts size precision obtains stable aging process.For needing load being increased to during weldment
Original stress, close to the yield limit of material, residual stress could be eliminated with additional stress sum.The essence of static overload method
Spend stabilizing effect, size and stress lower retention time depending on additional stress.
Sizable residual stress is remained in that in static overload method processing rear part.
The thermal shock statutes of limitations, a kind of aging technique method of the novel stable workpiece size precision occurred before and after 1970.
It is substantially exactly quickly to be heated workpiece, thermal stress caused by heating process is just superimposed with residual stress, exceedes
The yield limit of material causes plastic deformation, so that original residual stress relaxes and stabilized quickly.
Therefore, prior art is urgently greatly improved.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for prior art it is above-mentioned the defects of, there is provided a kind of residual stress
Experimental calibration detection method, including step：
S1, the paster at away from hole heart r, 4-5 times of test specimen for taking width to be more than the aperture radius a that measured point is bored；
S2, in Material Testing Machine by the test specimen multistage loadings of no drilling, calculate the stress σ of test specimen, measure at different levels
Strain stress ' 1 and ε ' 2 under load；
S3, test specimen special equipment is removed in test specimen appointed part behind special hole, then stretch again, and after measuring special hole
Strain value ε " 1 and ε " 2；
S4, calculate residual stress σ 1 and σ 2 and its angle Ф numerical value；
The step S4 is referred to：It will be obtained in the case of step S2, two kinds of step S3 with strain differential caused by one-level load
Visible afterwards, the front and rear strain differential that drills is directly proportional to stress, i.e.,：
So have：
In formula, K1 and K2 are proportionality coefficients,WithIt is that drilling is front and rear with the strain differential under one-level load；During test, edge
A piece of foil gauge is respectively pasted in residual stress direction, and position and bore diameter are identical with test specimen, and it is ε that release strain is measured after drilling1With
ε2, had according to principle of stacking：
Obtained by formula (3)：
If order
Formula (5) is substituted into formula (3) to obtain：
The principal stress that residual stress is obtained by formula (6) is：
A ', B ' A, B is represented, measures A ' by standardization and B ' is substituted into formula (8) afterwards, you can obtain principal stress side
To the residual stress σ 1 and σ 2 and its angle Ф numerical value of unknown measuring point：
When the residual stress in component is uneven along thickness distribution, layering boring method can be used to try to achieve the residual of each depth
Residue stress.Its method is：Successively drill to even depth and determine each released stress.If it is known that the direction of principal stress, then
Have：
In formula,For i-th layer of residual stress.
For the proportionality coefficient of i-th layer of demarcation.
The strain value of strain relief when being drilled for i-th layer.
Demarcate material for test and thickness is identical with measured piece.If measured piece thickness is very thick, specimen thickness only takes 50mm i.e.
Can.Formula (10) can use to calculate if measured point principal direction of stress is unknown：
In formula,For i-th layer of residual stress；
0 ° during respectively i-th layer drilling, 45 °, the strain measurement value in 90 ° of three directions； Ai+BiPass through mark
Surely obtainI-th layer of the value calculated afterwards by formula (5).
Implement the residual stress experimental calibration detection method of the present invention, have the advantages that：Measurement accuracy is high, line
Property it is good, temperature drift is small, can for a long time reliably work, can be widely applied to industry spot, Corporation R ＆ D test center, university religion
Learn the physical quantity integration tests such as the strain tested, stress, displacement, pressure.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is the demarcation test specimen paster figure of residual stress experimental calibration detection method of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the preferred drilling tool schematic diagram of residual stress experimental calibration detection method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the demarcation test specimen paster figure for residual stress experimental calibration detection method of the present invention.Such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, in the residual stress experimental calibration detection method that first embodiment of the invention provides, including step：
S1, the paster at away from hole heart r, 4-5 times of test specimen for taking width to be more than the aperture radius a that measured point is bored；
S2, in Material Testing Machine by the test specimen multistage loadings of no drilling, calculate the stress σ of test specimen, measure at different levels
Strain stress ' 1 and ε ' 2 under load；
S3, test specimen special equipment is removed in test specimen appointed part behind special hole, then stretch again, and after measuring special hole
Strain value ε " 1 and ε " 2；
S4, calculate residual stress σ 1 and σ 2 and its angle Ф numerical value；
The step S4 is referred to：It will be obtained in the case of step S2, two kinds of step S3 with strain differential caused by one-level load
Visible afterwards, the front and rear strain differential that drills is directly proportional to stress, i.e.,：
So have：
In formula, K1 and K2 are proportionality coefficients,WithIt is that drilling is front and rear with the strain differential under one-level load；During test, edge
A piece of foil gauge is respectively pasted in residual stress direction, and position and bore diameter are identical with test specimen, and it is ε that release strain is measured after drilling1With
ε2, had according to principle of stacking：
Obtained by formula (3)：
If order
Formula (5) is substituted into formula (3) to obtain：
The principal stress that residual stress is obtained by formula (6) is：
A ', B ' A, B is represented, measures A ' by standardization and B ' is substituted into formula (8) afterwards, you can obtain principal stress side
To the residual stress σ 1 and σ 2 and its angle Ф numerical value of unknown measuring point：
When the residual stress in component is uneven along thickness distribution, layering boring method can be used to try to achieve the residual of each depth
Residue stress.Its method is：Successively drill to even depth and determine each released stress.If it is known that the direction of principal stress, then
Have：
In formula,For i-th layer of residual stress.
For the proportionality coefficient of i-th layer of demarcation.
The strain value of strain relief when being drilled for i-th layer.
Demarcate material for test and thickness is identical with measured piece.If measured piece thickness is very thick, specimen thickness only takes 50mm i.e.
Can.Formula (10) can use to calculate if measured point principal direction of stress is unknown：
In formula,For i-th layer of residual stress；
0 ° during respectively i-th layer drilling, 45 °, the strain measurement value in 90 ° of three directions； Ai+BiPass through mark
Surely obtainI-th layer of the value calculated afterwards by formula (5).
Fig. 2 is the preferred drilling tool schematic diagram of residual stress experimental calibration detection method of the present invention.When it is implemented, drilling
The structure of equipment should be simple, is easy to carry, and is easily fastened on component, while requires that centering is convenient, and drilling depth is easy to control
System, and adapt in various bent general works.It is adjustable by 4 as this drilling tools of Fig. 2 can preferably realize above-mentioned requirements
X, the position and upper and lower position of Y-direction, to keep drilling to be connected perpendicular to workpiece surface with universal joint with adjustable speed electric hand drill
Implement drilling.
The technical requirements of drilling：
1. the processing of measured surface will meet the technical requirements of strain measurement, right angle foil gauge applies 502 glue exactly
It is pasted onto on point position, blend compounds band covers wire grid, prevents iron filings from destroying wire grid.
2. to ensure that drilling rod is vertical with measurement surface during drilling, drill center deviation should be controlled within ± 0.025 mm.
3. steady during drilling, support can not be shaken.Penetration rate is low, and penetration rate is easily caused the temperature of foil gauge soon
Drift, the cutting strain increase of hole week make measurement unstable., can be first right using small bit bore to eliminate the influence of cutting strain
Use milling cutter hole flushing again afterwards.
If star drill can not be used, can the use punch method that sandblasts make a call to a blind hole, the method for punching of sandblasting is exactly to utilize
Compressed air drives Al2O3 or SiO2 powder, by the nozzle alignment strain rosette central punch mark of revolution, be blown surface and
Obtain a blind hole.This method is actually a kind of grinding process, and its caused heat is cooled down by air-flow, in addition cutting output very little,
Caused additional stress is smaller when therefore punching, and the measurement accuracy for the punch method that sandblasts is higher.
When it is implemented, refer to following steps：
1st, detection equipment is prepared：Statical strain indicator, three signal wires, a signal compensation line, perforating device, drill bit, hand
Hold formula sanding machine, right angle foil gauge, moment binder (502 or 406), ethanol cleaner, cotton balls, coarse sand skin, fine sandpaper,
Scissors, tweezers, electric iron, binding post, voltage-stabilized power supply, data record card, schematic diagram draws card, common tool case.
2nd, adjust the location of workpiece and arrange site environment, ensure the precision of detection experiment.
3rd, stress test point is selected, typically selects 6~10 points.
4th, polishing test point.Surface roughing first is carried out with emery wheel, then is polished with coarse sand skin, is finally beaten with fine sandpaper essence
Mill, it is ensured that surface is smooth.
5th, test point is cleaned with ethanol cleaner.
6th, paste foil gauge and by tightly using moment binder, each point position on workpiece is drawn on signal graph card after paster
Put.(each test point separately pastes two foil gauges, is divided to two groups of detections, the strain tested before shaking in first group of test point
Piece, second group is tested after shaking).
7th, by p-wire gently pull-up, carefully break, test is not contacted with component first.
8th, binding post (every three directions) is pasted.
9th, will test be first welded on binding post 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° (each angle has two p-wires).
10th, remaining p-wire is cut.
11st, data wire is connect：
0 ° of A, B being connected on CH1；
45 ° of A, B being connected on CH2；
90 ° of A, B being connected on CH3；
Compensating line is connected on A, B of other certain point.
12nd, electric iron welding data line：
By 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° of data wires are welded in corresponding test point, on binding post；
Compensating line is temporarily welded on a fast no binding post and (when testing this, compensating line is changed into a position
Weld).
13rd, statical strain indicator is reset, passage 1,2,3, (single-point balance).
14th, perforating device is linked into 24 volts of voltage-stabilized power supply, handheld drill rifle keeps balance, piercing and (must be drilled in survey at the uniform velocity
Test piece center).
15th, drilling is observed and recorded by assistant simultaneously, statical strain indicator record before-shaking value.Shaking for each hole is recorded successively
Preceding strain value.
16th, starting of oscillation, vibration stress relief treatment is carried out to measured workpiece.
17th, it is disposed, then punching detection numerical value is carried out to second group of foil gauge of each point.
18th, strain value after record shakes.
19th, all experimentss data and measurement result all should list represent, size and the side of residual stress are calculated by formula
To, and error analysis is carried out to measurement result.
20th, data wire is removed, site clearing.
21st, enter data into computer and carry out software conversion, draw before shaking, shake after STRESS VARIATION table.
22nd, Blind Hole Method residual stress examining report is drafted.
Residual stress experimental calibration detection method provided by the invention, suitable for following various measurement situations：
1. the static or slowly varying strain of the various linear elastic materials of measurement, stress, such as：Steel, cast iron, copper and its conjunction
Golden, aluminium and its alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, rock, concrete, composite, plant, plastics, rubber etc..
2. internal residual stress (the production such as extruding, welding, casting, machining of the various isotropism elastic-plastic materials of measurement
It is raw), such as：Steel, cast iron, copper and its alloy, aluminium and its alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, rock, concrete, plastics, rubber etc.,
It also can remove and survey systematic error caused by residual stress punching.
3. various physical signallings can be measured
(1) direct measurement signal
A. baseband signal：Strain signal, differential voltage signal, single-ended voltage signal.
B. signal is extended：Electric current, pressure, power, load, moment of torsion, flow, temperature (thermal resistance, thermocouple or other temperature
Sensor), displacement, (sensor must directly export or be converted into three kinds of basic letters by adapter the various physical signallings such as speed
Number).
(2) secondary calculating generation signal
Stress signal, residual stress signal, according to one or more direct measurement signals (through various multiple in software
Miscellaneous high-level functions computing) generation any virtual signal.
1. mechanical engineering and manufacturing equipment：The positions such as the arm of forces of engineering machinery such as crane, excavator, cement pump truck
Strain stress, displacement measurement；The pressure of oil cylinder, displacement, temperature, strain stress integration test；The residual stress of machine tool guideway is surveyed
Examination.
2. the transit equipments such as high ferro, automobile, steamer：Engine, the pressure of reductor, temperature, strain stress synthesis are surveyed
Examination；The strain stress test at the positions such as car body, wheel shaft, high voltage power transmission bow.
3. electric power, power engineering：The strength test of electric power factory equipment, as nuclear power plant containment shell bulk strength is tested；The hydraulic turbine
The strain stress of axle and blade is tested；Strain stress, temperature after jet chimney is heated, pressure integration test.
4. civil construction and hydraulic engineering：Building structure static strain stress test；The steel house of large-scale stadium
Withstand on stress monitoring when removing mounting bracket.
5. bridge and road：The static strength experiment of large-scale steel structure bridge and road contain tunnel engineering structure stress test.
6. material parameter determines：The modulus of elasticity of various metal materials, Poisson's ratio, residual stress release coefficient A and B etc.
Parametric measurement.
7. metallurgy, oil, chemical industry：Ingot mould surface heat stress test；Oil tank, pressure vessel, the pressure of pipeline, strain
Stress test.
The present invention mainly measures static strain, stress, residual stress, also measurable electricity by the design of above example
Other static physical signals such as pressure, electric current, displacement, pressure, temperature, component either in principle diagram design or wiring board
Layout and line, all taken into full account the electromagnetism such as the factors such as temperature, humidity, vibration and electrostatic, impulse train, electromagnetic radiation
The influence of interference, the test of the safety codes such as strict Leakage Current, the class of insulation, dielectric strength is also carried out, thus measured essence
It is small to spend height, good linearity, temperature drift, can reliably work for a long time, can be widely applied in industry spot, Corporation R ＆ D test
The physical quantity integration tests such as the heart, the strain of Teaching in University experiment, stress, displacement, pressure.
The present invention is described according to specific embodiment, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that is not departing from this
During invention scope, various change and equivalent substitution can be carried out.In addition, to adapt to the specific occasion of the technology of the present invention, can be to this hair
It is bright to carry out many modifications without departing from its protection domain.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to specific embodiment disclosed herein, and
Including all embodiments for dropping into claims.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of residual stress experimental calibration detection method, it is characterised in that including step：
S1, the paster at away from hole heart r, 4-5 times of test specimen for taking width to be more than the aperture radius a that measured point is bored；
S2, in Material Testing Machine by the test specimen multistage loadings of no drilling, calculate the stress σ of test specimen, measure loads at different levels
Under strain stress ' 1 and ε ' 2；
S3, test specimen special equipment is removed in test specimen appointed part behind special hole, then stretched again, and measure the strain behind special hole
Value ε " 1 and ε " 2；
S4, calculate residual stress σ 1 and σ 2 and its angle Ф numerical value；
Described step S4 is referred to：After being obtained in the case of step S2, two kinds of step S3 with strain differential caused by one-level load
It can be seen that the front and rear strain differential that drills is directly proportional to stress, i.e.,：
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Stress direction respectively pastes a piece of foil gauge, and position and bore diameter are identical with test specimen, and it is ε that release strain is measured after drilling1And ε2, root
Have according to principle of stacking：
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</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>K</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>uK</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mfenced>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
If order
<mrow>
<mfenced open = "" close = "}">
<mtable>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>K</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>uK</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msup>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mfenced>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Formula (5) is substituted into formula (3) to obtain：
<mrow>
<mfenced open = "" close = "}">
<mtable>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>E</mi>
</mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msup>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>E</mi>
</mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msup>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mfenced>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
The principal stress that residual stress is obtained by formula (6) is：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>E</mi>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
</mfrac>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>&PlusMinus;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
</mfrac>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>7</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
A ', B ' A, B is represented, measures A ' by standardization and B ' is substituted into formula (8) afterwards, you can it is unknown to obtain principal direction of stress
Measuring point residual stress σ 1 and σ 2 and its angle Ф numerical value：
<mrow>
<mfenced open = "" close = "}">
<mtable>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>A</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>90</mn>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&PlusMinus;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
<mi>E</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mi>B</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>45</mn>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>90</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>45</mn>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>g</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>&phi;</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>90</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>45</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>90</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mfenced>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>8</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
2. residual stress experimental calibration detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when the remnants in component should
Power along thickness distribution it is uneven when, the residual stress of each depth is tried to achieve using layering boring method, even depth ground successively drilling measure
Each released stress, if it is known that the direction of principal stress, then have：
In formula,For i-th layer of residual stress；
For the proportionality coefficient of i-th layer of demarcation；
The strain value of strain relief when being drilled for i-th layer.
3. residual stress experimental calibration detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that demarcation material for test and thickness
Degree is identical with measured piece, if measured piece thickness is very thick, specimen thickness takes 50mm, can if measured point principal direction of stress is unknown
Calculated with formula (10)：
<mrow>
<mfenced open = "" close = "}">
<mtable>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>90</mn>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&PlusMinus;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
<mi>E</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<msup>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>45</mn>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>90</mn>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>45</mn>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>g</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>&phi;</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>90</mn>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<msubsup>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>45</mn>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>90</mn>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mfenced>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>10</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
In formula,For i-th layer of residual stress；0 ° during respectively i-th layer drilling, 45 °, 90 ° of three directions should
Become measured value；Ai+BiObtained by demarcationI-th layer of the value calculated afterwards by formula (5).
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Cited By (6)
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| CN109342181A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-02-15 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Fragile material three-dimensional tensile force test method and changeable type are bonded stretching tool |
| CN111521312A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-11 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Method for calibrating residual stress of optical fiber measurement material based on blind hole method |
| CN112036059A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-12-04 | 中冶建筑研究总院有限公司 | Method for detecting working stress based on blind hole method |
| CN114427925A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-03 | 山东大学 | Online detection method for stress condition of substrate in selective laser melting process |
| CN114858586A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-05 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Residual stress measurement calibration device with stress shaft capable of being automatically aligned |
| CN115077763A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-09-20 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 | Method for measuring residual stress of pipeline |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109342181A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-02-15 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Fragile material three-dimensional tensile force test method and changeable type are bonded stretching tool |
| CN109342181B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2024-02-13 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Brittle material three-dimensional tensile stress test method and replaceable bonding and stretching tool |
| CN111521312A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-11 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Method for calibrating residual stress of optical fiber measurement material based on blind hole method |
| CN112036059A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-12-04 | 中冶建筑研究总院有限公司 | Method for detecting working stress based on blind hole method |
| CN112036059B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2023-12-15 | 中冶建筑研究总院有限公司 | Method for detecting working stress based on blind hole method |
| CN114427925A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-03 | 山东大学 | Online detection method for stress condition of substrate in selective laser melting process |
| CN114858586A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-08-05 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Residual stress measurement calibration device with stress shaft capable of being automatically aligned |
| CN114858586B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-09-29 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Residual stress measurement calibration device with self-aligned stress shaft |
| CN115077763A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-09-20 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 | Method for measuring residual stress of pipeline |
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