CN107727430A - A kind of ship base halmeic deposit Intelligent gravity sampling apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of ship base halmeic deposit Intelligent gravity sampling apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种船基深海沉积物智能重力采样装置，属于岩土、地质、生物和环境等工程中水下沉积物样品采集技术领域。该智能重力采样装置包括重力采样系统和实时数据采集、分析和处理系统两部分。本发明适用于采集深海沉积物，并可以评价和提高采样质量和效率。本发明采用集成化自容式传感器可以减小传感器以及传感器的密封外壳尺寸，并保证采集数据的稳定性和可靠性，传感器数据传输方式采用无线蓝牙，可以提高导出数据的效率；配套数据处理软件可以实时快捷的分析数据，并给予采样质量的评价；采用计算机软件数值模拟优化系统，可以实时优化重力采样器和导流罩的设计，进而提高采样质量和效率。
The invention discloses an intelligent gravity sampling device for ship-based deep-sea sediments, which belongs to the technical field of underwater sediment sample collection in geotechnical, geological, biological and environmental engineering. The intelligent gravity sampling device includes two parts: a gravity sampling system and a real-time data acquisition, analysis and processing system. The invention is suitable for collecting deep sea sediments, and can evaluate and improve sampling quality and efficiency. The present invention adopts the integrated self-capacitance sensor, which can reduce the size of the sensor and the sealed shell of the sensor, and ensure the stability and reliability of the collected data. The sensor data transmission mode adopts wireless bluetooth, which can improve the efficiency of data export; supporting data processing software The data can be analyzed in real time and quickly, and the evaluation of the sampling quality can be given; the computer software numerical simulation optimization system can be used to optimize the design of the gravity sampler and the shroud in real time, thereby improving the sampling quality and efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于岩土、地质、生物和环境等工程中水下沉积物样品采集技术领域，涉及一种船基深海沉积物智能重力采样装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater sediment sample collection in geotechnical, geological, biological and environmental engineering, and relates to a ship-based deep-sea sediment intelligent gravity sampling device.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国“一带一路”和“海上丝绸之路”的建设，不断向海洋进军成为时代发展的要求。海底沉积物，尤其是深海沉积物，对于岩土工程中地基土强度和稳定性的评价、地质工程中沉积年代的划分、生物工程中底栖生物的研究和环境工程中污染物的分析十分重要。目前，采集海底表面深层沉积物的有效方式主要是重力柱状采样器，主要依靠取样器自身重力，将圆柱状的取样管扎到海底沉积物中，再通过缆车系统提拔上船获得样品。但是，仅依靠重力作用的采样器，当受到复杂海流影响时，在贯入土体过程中很容易发生偏斜，导致取得的样品数量不多且质量较差，影响沉积物的分层和结构特性，以及缺失地质年代信息等。With the construction of my country's "Belt and Road" and "Maritime Silk Road", it has become the requirement of the development of the times to continuously march to the sea. Seabed sediments, especially deep-sea sediments, are very important for the evaluation of foundation soil strength and stability in geotechnical engineering, the division of sedimentary ages in geological engineering, the study of benthic organisms in bioengineering and the analysis of pollutants in environmental engineering . At present, the effective way to collect deep sediments on the seabed surface is mainly a gravity columnar sampler, which mainly relies on the gravity of the sampler itself to plunge the cylindrical sampling tube into the seabed sediments, and then lift it onto the ship through a cable car system to obtain samples. However, the sampler that only relies on gravity is prone to deflection when it penetrates into the soil when it is affected by complex ocean currents, resulting in a small number of samples and poor quality, which affects the layering and structure of sediments characteristics, and the lack of geological age information, etc.
显然，重力柱状采样器在水中的下落姿态、轨迹和贯入海底沉积物时的垂直度需要准确描述和测量。这对于分析海流对采样器的影响程度，避免“暗箱作业”，以及评价和提高海底沉积物的采样质量和效率至关重要。Obviously, the falling attitude, trajectory and verticality of the gravity columnar sampler in the water need to be accurately described and measured when penetrating into the seabed sediment. This is crucial for analyzing the influence of ocean currents on the sampler, avoiding "black box operation", and evaluating and improving the sampling quality and efficiency of seabed sediments.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是要解决无法监测传统重力采样器在水中的下落轨迹和姿态，无法评价沉积物的采样质量等关键问题，采用一种自容式加速度、角度、温度、盐度等集成一体的传感器系统，安装在重力采样器上，记录采样器的时空位置、加速度、偏转角度和海水温度、盐度等信息，并结合声学多普勒流速剖面仪(Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers，简称ADCP)测定海流随水深的速度变化，分析和评价采样器在水中的下落姿态和采样质量。根据获得的数据结果结合计算机软件数值模拟，通过改变采样器配重及其位置，以及实时改进和优化采样器尾部导流系统的结构，来提高采样质量和效率。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the key problems such as the inability to monitor the falling track and attitude of the traditional gravity sampler in the water, and the inability to evaluate the sampling quality of the sediment. The sensor system is installed on the gravity sampler to record the time-space position, acceleration, deflection angle, seawater temperature, salinity and other information of the sampler, and combined with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) to measure the ocean current Analyze and evaluate the drop attitude and sampling quality of the sampler in the water as the speed changes with the water depth. According to the obtained data results combined with computer software numerical simulation, the sampling quality and efficiency can be improved by changing the sampler counterweight and its position, and improving and optimizing the structure of the sampler tail diversion system in real time.
本发明的技术方案：Technical scheme of the present invention:
一种船基深海沉积物智能重力采样装置，包括重力采样系统I与实时数据采集、分析和处理系统II两部分；A ship-based deep-sea sediment intelligent gravity sampling device, including two parts: a gravity sampling system I and a real-time data acquisition, analysis and processing system II;
所述的重力采样系统I包括配重铅块1、取样钢管2、刀头3、导流罩4、缆绳5和船载绞车6；所述的配重铅块1为圆环片状，多个配重铅块1通过卡箍固定在中空钢管上；所述的取样钢管2为中空的圆柱钢管，其内衬等直径的PVC储样管；取样钢管2顶端穿过搭载配重铅块1的中空钢管，通过螺纹连接，取样钢管2长度根据采样需要进行调节；所述的刀头3与取样钢管2底端通过螺纹连接，刀头3内部装有花瓣形阻隔器，切断土样并防止土样滑出；所述的导流罩4固定在取样钢管2顶端，导流罩4通过缆绳5连接至船载绞车6，实现收放；所述的船载绞车6固定在船上，用于控制采样器的运动速度和记录受力大小；Described gravity sampling system 1 comprises counterweight lead block 1, sampling steel pipe 2, cutter head 3, shroud 4, cable 5 and ship-borne winch 6; Described counterweight lead block 1 is circular sheet shape, many A counterweight lead weight 1 is fixed on the hollow steel pipe by a clamp; the sampling steel pipe 2 is a hollow cylindrical steel pipe, and its lining is a PVC sample storage pipe of equal diameter; the top of the sampling steel pipe 2 passes through the carrying counterweight lead weight 1 The hollow steel pipe is connected by threads, and the length of the sampling steel pipe 2 is adjusted according to the sampling needs; the cutter head 3 is connected by threads to the bottom end of the sampling steel pipe 2, and a petal-shaped barrier is installed inside the cutter head 3 to cut off the soil sample and prevent The soil sample slides out; the deflector 4 is fixed on the top of the sampling steel pipe 2, and the deflector 4 is connected to the ship-borne winch 6 through the cable 5 to realize retraction; the ship-borne winch 6 is fixed on the ship for Control the movement speed of the sampler and record the force;
所述的实时数据采集、分析和处理系统II包括集成化自容式传感器7；所述的集成化自容式传感器7安装在固体浮力材料密封壳内，密封壳固定在配重铅块1上；所述的集成化自容式传感器7包括加速度传感器8、角度传感器9、温度传感器10和盐度传感器11；所述的加速度传感器8测量并记录x、y、z三个方向的线加速度和角加速度；所述的角度传感器9测量并记录x、y、z三个方向的角度大小；所述的温度传感器10和盐度传感器11测量海水随深度的温度和盐度变化，数据传输方式采用无线蓝牙；The real-time data acquisition, analysis and processing system II includes an integrated self-contained sensor 7; the integrated self-contained sensor 7 is installed in a solid buoyancy material sealed shell, and the sealed shell is fixed on the counterweight lead weight 1 ; The integrated self-capacity sensor 7 includes an acceleration sensor 8, an angle sensor 9, a temperature sensor 10 and a salinity sensor 11; the acceleration sensor 8 measures and records linear accelerations in three directions of x, y, and z Angular acceleration; the angle sensor 9 measures and records the angles in the three directions of x, y, and z; the temperature sensor 10 and the salinity sensor 11 measure the temperature and salinity changes of seawater with depth, and the data transmission mode adopts wireless bluetooth;
所述的集成化自容式传感器7的密封壳采用一种新型高强度固体浮力材料，该材料主要由空心玻璃微珠和环氧树脂合成，具有耐高压、防渗性能好、质轻、无毒、不燃、化学稳定性好等优点；所述的集成化自容式传感器7的电源模块采用体积小、容量大、供电持久稳定的聚合物电池；实时数据采集、分析和处理系统II可以快捷的分析重力采样器下放至贯入土体以及回收整个过程的加速度、角度、海水温度和盐度随水深的变化，给出重力采样器的时空位置、下落姿态，以及海水基本参数指标等关键信息，进而实时评价重力采样器采集海底沉积物的质量。The sealing shell of the integrated self-capacitance sensor 7 adopts a new type of high-strength solid buoyancy material, which is mainly composed of hollow glass beads and epoxy resin, and has the characteristics of high pressure resistance, good anti-seepage performance, light weight, and no leakage. toxic, non-flammable, and good chemical stability; the power module of the integrated self-capacitance sensor 7 uses a polymer battery with small size, large capacity, and durable and stable power supply; the real-time data collection, analysis, and processing system II can quickly Analysis of the acceleration, angle, seawater temperature and salinity changes with water depth during the whole process of lowering the gravity sampler to penetrate the soil and recovering, and provide key information such as the temporal and spatial position, falling attitude, and basic seawater parameters of the gravity sampler , and then evaluate the quality of the seabed sediment collected by the gravity sampler in real time.
采用CFD-DEM(Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method)流固耦合方法进行数据的优化处理，即计算机软件数值模拟优化系统；根据船载绞车6测量的下落速度和受力情况、集成化自容式传感器7测量的加速度、角度、海水温度和盐度，并结合船载ADCP测量的水流速度等数据，来模拟重力采样器在海水中的下落过程；流体部分采用CFD方法建立模型，考虑不同深度海水密度受温度、盐度影响的变化，固体部分采用DEM方法建立模型，通过改变重力采样器和导流罩4的结构以及配重铅块1的布置方式和数量来提高采样质量和效率。CFD-DEM (Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method) fluid-solid coupling method is used to optimize data processing, that is, computer software numerical simulation optimization system; The acceleration, angle, seawater temperature and salinity measured by the sensor 7 are combined with the water velocity measured by the on-board ADCP to simulate the falling process of the gravity sampler in the seawater; the fluid part adopts the CFD method to establish a model, considering different depths of seawater Density is affected by temperature and salinity, and the solid part is modeled by DEM method, and the sampling quality and efficiency are improved by changing the structure of the gravity sampler and the shroud 4, as well as the arrangement and quantity of the counterweight lead block 1.
本发明的有益效果：本发明的装置适用于采集深海沉积物，并可以评价和提高采样质量和效率。采用集成化自容式传感器可以减小传感器以及传感器的密封外壳尺寸，并保证采集数据的稳定性和可靠性，传感器数据传输方式采用无线蓝牙，可以提高导出数据的效率。传感器密封外壳采用新型高强度固体浮力材料可以减小体积和重量，方便安装和拆卸。配套数据处理软件可以实时快捷的分析数据，并给予采样质量的评价。采用计算机软件数值模拟优化系统，可以实时优化重力采样器和导流罩的设计，进而提高采样质量和效率。Beneficial effects of the present invention: the device of the present invention is suitable for collecting deep sea sediments, and can evaluate and improve sampling quality and efficiency. The use of integrated self-capacitance sensors can reduce the size of the sensor and the sealed shell of the sensor, and ensure the stability and reliability of the collected data. The sensor data transmission method uses wireless Bluetooth, which can improve the efficiency of data export. The sealed housing of the sensor adopts a new type of high-strength solid buoyancy material, which can reduce the volume and weight, and facilitate installation and disassembly. The supporting data processing software can analyze the data in real time and quickly, and give an evaluation of the sampling quality. The computer software numerical simulation optimization system can optimize the design of the gravity sampler and the shroud in real time, thereby improving the sampling quality and efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的重力采样装置示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the gravity sampling device of the present invention.
图2是本发明的集成化自容式传感器布置图。Fig. 2 is a layout diagram of the integrated self-capacitance sensor of the present invention.
图中：1配重铅块；2取样钢管；3刀头；4导流罩；5缆绳；6船载绞车；7集成化自容式传感器；8加速度传感器；9角度传感器；10温度传感器；11盐度传感器。In the figure: 1 lead counterweight; 2 sampling steel pipe; 3 knife head; 4 shroud; 5 cable; 6 ship-mounted winch; 7 integrated self-contained sensor; 8 acceleration sensor; 9 angle sensor; 11 salinity sensor.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合技术方案和附图，详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。The specific implementation manner of the present invention will be described in detail below in combination with the technical scheme and accompanying drawings.
实施例Example
首先，组装重力采样系统I，配重铅块1通过卡箍固定在中空钢管上，将配重铅块1和取样钢管2通过螺纹连接，将内衬PVC储样管装进取样钢管2内，将刀头3通过螺纹连接到取样钢管2，在刀头3内部装入花瓣形阻隔器。将导流罩4连接到重力采样系统，导流罩4通过缆绳5连接到绞车6。将集成化自容式传感器7安装在固体浮力材料密封壳内，然后将密封壳固定在配重铅块1上。集成化自容式传感器7在使用之前进行标定，同时，固体浮力材料密封壳的防水抗压性能通过高压水舱实验进行验证。随后，通过外置开关启动集成化自容式传感器7，将船载重力采样系统下放到海平面以下，通过绞车6的控制系统，以一定的速度下放缆绳5，同时，记录缆绳5的拉力大小以及下放速度。通过船载声呐测深系统预估海水深度，待重力采样器快接近海床表面时候，加快缆绳5的下放速度，使采样器贯入海床沉积物中。然后，控制绞车6通过缆绳5回收重力采样器直到其露出水面，将重力采样器小心放置在船甲板上，卸下刀头3，取出PVC储样管，检查并封装。First, the gravity sampling system 1 is assembled, the lead counterweight 1 is fixed on the hollow steel pipe through a clamp, the lead counterweight 1 and the sampling steel pipe 2 are connected by threads, and the PVC-lined storage pipe is loaded into the sampling steel pipe 2, The cutter head 3 is connected to the sampling steel pipe 2 through threads, and a petal-shaped barrier is installed inside the cutter head 3 . Connect the dome 4 to the gravimetric sampling system, the dome 4 is connected to the winch 6 by the cable 5 . The integrated self-contained sensor 7 is installed in the sealed shell of solid buoyancy material, and then the sealed shell is fixed on the counterweight lead block 1 . The integrated self-contained sensor 7 is calibrated before use, and at the same time, the waterproof and pressure-resistant performance of the solid buoyancy material sealed shell is verified through high-pressure water tank experiments. Subsequently, the integrated self-contained sensor 7 is activated through an external switch, and the ship-borne gravity sampling system is lowered below sea level, and the cable 5 is lowered at a certain speed through the control system of the winch 6, and at the same time, the pulling force of the cable 5 is recorded and lowering speed. The seawater depth is estimated by the ship-borne sonar sounding system, and when the gravity sampler is close to the seabed surface, the lowering speed of the cable 5 is accelerated, so that the sampler penetrates into the seabed sediment. Then, the control winch 6 recovers the gravity sampler through the cable 5 until it emerges from the water surface, carefully places the gravity sampler on the deck of the ship, removes the cutter head 3, takes out the PVC sample storage tube, checks and packages.
然后，采用无线蓝牙传输方式将集成化自容式传感器7记录的原始数据导出，包括加速度传感器8测得的x、y、z三个方向的线加速度和角加速度，角度传感器9测得的x、y、z三个方向的角度，温度传感器10和盐度传感器11测得的海水温度和盐度。采用实时数据采集、分析和处理系统II将原始数据转化为加速度、角度、温度和盐度参数，计算出重力采样器的速度、位移和海水密度随海水深度的变化曲线，以及重力采样器贯入土体时的垂直度，进而实时评价重力采样器采集海底沉积物的质量。Then, the original data recorded by the integrated self-capacitance sensor 7 is exported by wireless bluetooth transmission, including the linear acceleration and angular acceleration in the x, y, and z directions measured by the acceleration sensor 8, and the x measured by the angle sensor 9. , y, z angles in three directions, seawater temperature and salinity measured by the temperature sensor 10 and the salinity sensor 11. The real-time data acquisition, analysis and processing system II is used to convert the raw data into acceleration, angle, temperature and salinity parameters, and calculate the velocity, displacement and seawater density of the gravity sampler with the change curve of seawater depth, and the penetration of the gravity sampler The verticality of the soil body, and then evaluate the quality of the seabed sediment collected by the gravity sampler in real time.
最后，采用计算机软件数值模拟优化系统模拟重力采样器在海水中的下落过程。根据船载绞车6测量的重力采样器下落速度和受力情况、集成化自容式传感器7和实时数据分析处理系统获得的重力采样器加速度、角度和海水密度，并结合ADCP测量的水流速度等数据，采用流固耦合的方法分析重力采样器的流线设计、导流罩4的结构设计以及配重铅块1的布置方式和数量，实时优化和提高重力采样器的采样性能和效率，同时，为将来深海沉积物采样技术提供参考依据。Finally, the computer software numerical simulation optimization system is used to simulate the falling process of the gravity sampler in seawater. According to the falling speed and force of the gravity sampler measured by the ship-borne winch 6, the acceleration, angle and seawater density of the gravity sampler obtained by the integrated self-contained sensor 7 and the real-time data analysis and processing system, combined with the water flow velocity measured by ADCP, etc. data, using the fluid-solid coupling method to analyze the streamline design of the gravity sampler, the structural design of the shroud 4, and the arrangement and quantity of the counterweight lead block 1, optimize and improve the sampling performance and efficiency of the gravity sampler in real time, and at the same time , to provide a reference for future deep-sea sediment sampling technology.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. ship base halmeic deposit Intelligent gravity sampling apparatus, it is characterised in that described ship base halmeic deposit intelligence Gravity sampling apparatus includes gravity sampling system (I) and real-time data acquisition, analysis and processing system (II) two parts；Described gravity sampling system (I) includes counterweight lead (1), sampling steel pipe (2), cutter head (3), kuppe (4), hawser And boat-carrying winch (6) (5)；Described counterweight lead (1) is annulus sheet, during multiple counterweight leads (1) are fixed on by clip On empty steel pipe；Described sampling steel pipe (2) is hollow cylinder steel pipe, the isodiametric PVC stored one kind of tubes of its liner；Sample steel pipe (2) top is connected through a screw thread, sampling steel pipe (2) length is according to sampling needs through the hollow steel tube for carrying counterweight lead (1) It is adjusted；Described cutter head (3) is connected through a screw thread with sampling steel pipe (2) bottom, and petal barrier is housed inside cutter head (3) Device, cut off soil sample and prevent soil sample from skidding off；Described kuppe (4) is fixed on sampling steel pipe (2) top, and kuppe (4) passes through Hawser (5) is connected to boat-carrying winch (6), realizes folding and unfolding；Described boat-carrying winch (6) is fixed aboard ship, for controlling sampler Movement velocity and record stress size；Described real-time data acquisition, analysis and processing system (II) includes integrated self-tolerant sensor (7)；Described is integrated Change self-tolerant sensor (7) to be arranged in capsul, capsul is fixed on counterweight lead (1)；Described integrated self-tolerant Sensor (7) includes acceleration transducer (8), angular transducer (9), temperature sensor (10) and salinity sensor (11)；Institute The acceleration transducer (8) stated measures and records the linear acceleration and angular acceleration in three directions of x, y, z；Described angle sensor Device (9) measures and records the angular dimension in three directions of x, y, z；Described temperature sensor (10) and salinity sensor (11) are surveyed Temperature and salinity altercation of the seawater with depth are measured, data transfer mode uses wireless blue tooth.
- 2. ship base halmeic deposit Intelligent gravity sampling apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described is integrated The capsul for changing self-tolerant sensor (7) uses High-strength solid buoyancy material.
- 3. ship base halmeic deposit Intelligent gravity sampling apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described The power module of integrated self-tolerant sensor (7) is using small volume, capacity is big, the polymer battery of power supply lasting stability.
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