CN107727176B - Ultrasonic gas flowmeter and flow measurement method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrasonic gas flowmeter and flow measurement method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/662—Constructional details
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic gas flowmeter and a flow measurement method thereof, wherein the flowmeter comprises a fluid conveying pipeline, a forward flow direction ultrasonic transducer sending signal end, a forward flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end, a reverse flow direction ultrasonic transducer sending signal end and a reverse flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end; the device also comprises an MCU chip, wherein the MCU chip is connected with a power supply, a user key setting module, a temperature compensation module, a pressure compensation module, a liquid crystal display, a serial port and wireless communication module and a pulse output and standard 4-20 mA output module. The ultrasonic gas flowmeter has the characteristics of strong noise interference resistance, capability of reducing measurement errors, high measurement precision and excellent stability, and can reliably, stably and accurately measure the volume flow of natural gas in the production process of a gas field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic measurement, and relates to ultrasonic measurement equipment, in particular to an ultrasonic gas flowmeter and a flow measurement method thereof.
Background
Natural gas belongs to non-renewable energy sources, and in the natural gas energy industry, high-precision measurement of volume flow is very important for saving energy sources, safely producing and reducing cost, and an ultrasonic gas flowmeter is widely applied to a gas field production field due to the advantages of non-contact measurement, high measurement precision, wide measurement range, convenience in installation, use and maintenance and the like.
In general, in gas field production, a fluid to be measured is very complex, and is a mixture of various characteristic substances, and it is particularly important to measure the flow rate of the complex fluid with high precision by using an ultrasonic gas flowmeter, and key technologies of the ultrasonic gas flowmeter are performance of an ultrasonic transducer, conditioning of weak and noisy ultrasonic echo signals, and determination of arrival time of the ultrasonic echo signals, and the above three aspects are keys for ensuring accurate measurement of the ultrasonic gas flowmeter for design of the ultrasonic gas flowmeter.
At present, domestic ultrasonic flow meters are more in products and lower in cost, but the overall measurement performance is not high, and foreign ultrasonic flow meters are better in precision, performance and the like, but are high in price, so that a large number of applications in industry are limited. Therefore, the ultrasonic gas flowmeter with stability and high precision is designed, and has important practical application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides an ultrasonic gas flowmeter and a flow measurement method thereof, which can reduce measurement errors, have the characteristics of high measurement precision and excellent stability, and can reliably, stably and accurately measure the volumetric flow of natural gas in the production process of a gas field.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention firstly provides an ultrasonic gas flowmeter, which comprises a fluid conveying pipeline, a flange arranged on the pipeline, a forward-flow direction ultrasonic transducer transmitting signal end, a forward-flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end, a reverse-flow direction ultrasonic transducer transmitting signal end and a reverse-flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end; the system also comprises an MCU chip, wherein the MCU chip is connected with a power supply, a user key setting module, a temperature compensation module, a pressure compensation module, a liquid crystal display, a serial port and a wireless communication module, and a pulse output and standard 4-20 mA output module for marking the accumulated flow of the fluid; the signal receiving end of the forward-flow direction ultrasonic transducer and the signal receiving end of the backward-flow direction ultrasonic transducer are respectively connected with the MCU chip through a fine adjustable automatic gain amplifying circuit; the power supply is also connected to a fine adjustable automatic gain amplification circuit.
Further, the signal transmitting end of the forward-flow ultrasonic transducer, the signal receiving end of the forward-flow ultrasonic transducer, the signal transmitting end of the backward-flow ultrasonic transducer and the signal receiving end of the backward-flow ultrasonic transducer are arranged in an x-shaped distribution, and the axis of each signal end is respectively 45 degrees with the axis of the fluid conveying pipeline.
Further, the above-mentioned fine adjustable automatic gain amplifying circuit is divided into three stages: the first stage is program-controlled amplification for roughly adjusting the amplitude of a weak ultrasonic echo signal, the second stage and the third stage are DAC amplification circuits for finely adjusting the gain, and the amplification times of the amplification circuits of each stage are automatically adjusted through a PID control algorithm, so that the amplitude of the echo signal can be in a set amplitude range.
Further, the model of the MCU chip is STM320F446.
Further, the temperature compensation module and the pressure compensation module are used for compensating the flow measurement by collecting real-time temperature and pressure when calibrating the ultrasonic gas flow meter.
The invention also provides a flow measurement method based on the ultrasonic gas flowmeter, which comprises the following steps: acquiring amplified two paths of forward and backward ultrasonic echo signals by using an ADC module in the MCU chip, judging the arrival time of the ultrasonic echo signals by using an ultrasonic propagation time measurement algorithm, and determining the arrival time of the two paths of echo signals; and calculating the flow velocity of the fluid by utilizing the difference between the forward and backward ultrasonic signal propagation time, so as to obtain the volume flow of the fluid.
Further, in the flow measurement method described above: the ultrasonic propagation time measurement algorithm specifically comprises the following steps:
ultrasonic echo signal propagation time t in forward direction 1 Is illustrated by the measurement of (a): collecting the downstream direction discrete ultrasonic echo signal as X 1 (k) Firstly, initializing parameters, a threshold T, a window width WID and a data length n; then, search is performed starting from k=0, when X 1 (k) Searching the maximum point of the echo signal in the window range from k to k+WID and recording the time of the maximum point, which is the first effective extreme point of the searched ultrasonic echo signal, according to the method, searching until all effective extreme points of the echo signal are obtained when k > n-WID-1, selecting the third effective extreme point p 1 Corresponding time t 1 As the forward ultrasonic propagation time, t 1 ＝p 1 ×T s Wherein T is s For sampling time；
The processing of the backward flow direction ultrasonic echo signal is the same as that of the forward flow direction ultrasonic signal processing method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention designs a fine adjustable digital automatic gain control circuit in the ultrasonic gas flowmeter, which can automatically carry out fine adjustment on the amplification factor of an ultrasonic echo signal, so that the amplitude of the echo signal is in a set range, and the phenomenon that the signal characteristics are not obvious or the amplification factor is too large, the signal distortion and the signal characteristic information loss are avoided;
(2) The method can accurately determine the arrival time measurement algorithm of the ultrasonic echo signal, can accurately measure the time difference of ultrasonic propagation in the forward and backward directions, has high stability, is less affected by noise interference, and can obviously improve the measurement precision and stability of the ultrasonic gas flowmeter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic gas flow meter of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fine-tuning digital AGC circuit 7 according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of an ultrasonic transit time measurement algorithm in accordance with the present invention.
Wherein: the ultrasonic transducer comprises a fluid conveying pipeline 1, a flange 2, a forward-flow ultrasonic transducer transmitting signal end 3, a forward-flow ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end 4, a reverse-flow ultrasonic transducer transmitting signal end 5, a reverse-flow ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end 6, a fine adjustable automatic gain amplifying circuit 7, a power supply 8, an MCU chip 9, a user key setting module 10, a temperature compensation module 11, a pressure compensation module 12, a liquid crystal display 13, a serial port and wireless communication module 14, and a pulse output and standard 4-20 mA output module 15.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
see fig. 1: the invention firstly provides an ultrasonic gas flowmeter, which comprises a fluid conveying pipeline 1, a flange 2 arranged on the pipeline 1, a forward flow direction ultrasonic transducer transmitting signal end 3, a forward flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end 4, a reverse flow direction ultrasonic transducer transmitting signal end 5 and a reverse flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end 6; the device also comprises an MCU chip 9, wherein the MCU chip 9 is connected with a power supply 8, a user key setting module 10, a temperature compensation module 11, a pressure compensation module 12, a liquid crystal display 13, a serial port and wireless communication module 14 and a pulse output and standard 4-20 mA output module 15 for marking the accumulated flow of the fluid. The forward-flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end 4 and the backward-flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end 6 are respectively connected with the MCU chip 9 through the fine adjustable automatic gain amplifying circuit 7; the power supply 8 is also connected to a fine adjustable automatic gain amplification circuit 7. The power supply 8 supplies power to the whole device. The pulse output and standard 4-20 mA output of the present invention are used to mark the cumulative flow of fluid.
The signal transmitting ends 3 and 5 of the forward and backward ultrasonic transducers and the signal receiving ends 4 and 6 of the forward and backward ultrasonic transducers are arranged on a measuring pipeline between two flanges 2, and the measuring pipeline is tightly sleeved on the outer wall of a fluid conveying pipeline 1.
The signal transmitting end 3 of the forward flow direction ultrasonic transducer, the signal receiving end 4 of the forward flow direction ultrasonic transducer, the signal transmitting end 5 of the backward flow direction ultrasonic transducer and the signal receiving end 6 of the backward flow direction ultrasonic transducer are arranged in an x-shaped distribution, and the axes of the signal terminals and the axis of the fluid conveying pipeline 1 form an included angle of 45 degrees respectively.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the model number of MCU chip 9 is STM320F446. The temperature compensation module 11 and the pressure compensation module 12 compensate the flow measurement by collecting real-time temperature and pressure when calibrating the ultrasonic gas flow meter.
The fine adjustable automatic gain amplifying circuit 7 of the present invention is divided into three stages: the first stage is program-controlled amplification for roughly adjusting the amplitude of a weak ultrasonic echo signal, the second stage and the third stage are DAC amplification circuits for finely adjusting the gain, and the amplification times of the amplification circuits of each stage are automatically adjusted through a PID control algorithm, so that the amplitude of the echo signal can be in a set amplitude range. As shown in fig. 2: the first-stage program-controlled amplifying circuit is connected with the second-stage DAC amplifying circuit through band-pass filtering, the second-stage DAC amplifying circuit is connected with the third-stage DAC amplifying circuit, the third-stage DAC amplifying circuit is connected with the ADC acquisition module after low-pass filtering, and the ADC acquisition module is connected to the MCU. And the MCU is respectively connected to the control ends of the first-stage program-controlled amplifying circuit, the second-stage DAC amplifying circuit and the third-stage DAC amplifying circuit. The ultrasonic echo signal is input to the input end of the first-stage program-controlled amplifying circuit. The ultrasonic echo signal comes from the signal of the receiving signal end of the ultrasonic transducer in the forward and backward directions.
The invention also provides a flow measurement method based on the ultrasonic gas flowmeter, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring two paths of amplified forward and backward ultrasonic echo signals (the forward and backward ultrasonic echo signals are acquired through a forward ultrasonic transducer transmitting signal end 3, a forward ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end 4, a backward ultrasonic transducer transmitting signal end 5 and a backward ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end 6) by using an ADC module in the MCU chip 9, judging the arrival time of the ultrasonic echo signals by using an ultrasonic propagation time measurement algorithm, and determining the arrival time of the two paths of echo signals; the flow rate of fluid is calculated by utilizing the difference between forward and backward ultrasonic signal propagation time, and then the volume flow of fluid is obtained.
In the flow measurement method of the present invention, an ultrasonic propagation time measurement algorithm is shown in fig. 3, and the algorithm specifically includes:
ultrasonic echo signal propagation time t in forward direction 1 Is illustrated by the measurement of (a): collecting the downstream direction discrete ultrasonic echo signal as X 1 (k) First, the parameters are initialized,a threshold T, window width WID, data length n; then, search is performed starting from k=0, when X 1 (k) Searching the maximum point of the echo signal in the window range from k to k+WID and recording the time of the maximum point, which is the first effective extreme point of the searched ultrasonic echo signal, according to the method, searching until all effective extreme points of the echo signal are obtained when k > n-WID-1, selecting the third effective extreme point p 1 Corresponding time t 1 As the forward ultrasonic propagation time, t 1 ＝p 1 ×T s Wherein T is s Is the sampling time. The processing of the backward flow direction ultrasonic echo signal is the same as that of the forward flow direction ultrasonic signal processing method.
In conclusion, the ultrasonic gas flowmeter has the characteristics of strong noise interference resistance, capability of reducing measurement errors, high measurement precision and good stability, and can reliably, stably and accurately measure the volume flow of natural gas in the production process of a gas field.
Claims (1)
1. The gas flow measurement method is characterized by measuring based on an ultrasonic gas flowmeter, wherein the flowmeter comprises a fluid conveying pipeline (1), a flange (2) arranged on the pipeline (1), a forward flow direction ultrasonic transducer transmitting signal end (3), a forward flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end (4), a reverse flow direction ultrasonic transducer transmitting signal end (5) and a reverse flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end (6); the device also comprises an MCU chip (9), wherein the MCU chip (9) is connected with a power supply (8), a user key setting module (10), a temperature compensation module (11), a pressure compensation module (12), a liquid crystal display (13), a serial port and wireless communication module (14) and a pulse output and standard 4-20 mA output module (15) for marking the accumulated flow of fluid; the forward-flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end (4) and the backward-flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end (6) are respectively connected with the MCU chip (9) through a fine adjustable automatic gain amplifying circuit (7); the power supply (8) is also connected to a fine adjustable automatic gain amplification circuit (7);
the system comprises a forward flow direction ultrasonic transducer sending signal end (3), a forward flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end (4), a reverse flow direction ultrasonic transducer sending signal end (5) and a reverse flow direction ultrasonic transducer receiving signal end (6), wherein the signal ends are arranged in an x-shaped distribution manner, and the axes of the signal ends are respectively 45 degrees with the axis of a fluid conveying pipeline (1);
the fine adjustable automatic gain amplifying circuit (7) is divided into three stages: the first stage is program-controlled amplification for roughly adjusting the amplitude of a weak ultrasonic echo signal, the second stage and the third stage are DAC amplification circuits for realizing fine adjustment of gain, and the amplification times of the amplification circuits of each stage are automatically adjusted through a PID control algorithm so that the amplitude of the echo signal can be in a set amplitude range;
the model of the MCU chip (9) is STM320F446;
the temperature compensation module (11) and the pressure compensation module (12) calibrate ultrasonic gas flow timing and compensate flow measurement by collecting real-time temperature and pressure;
the measuring method comprises the steps of collecting amplified two paths of forward and backward ultrasonic echo signals by using an ADC module in an MCU chip (9), judging the arrival time of the ultrasonic echo signals by using an ultrasonic propagation time measuring algorithm, and determining the arrival time of the two paths of echo signals; calculating the flow velocity of the fluid by utilizing the difference between the forward and backward ultrasonic signal propagation time, so as to obtain the volume flow of the fluid;
the ultrasonic propagation time measurement algorithm specifically comprises the following steps:
ultrasonic echo signal propagation time t in forward direction 1 Is illustrated by the measurement of (a): collecting the downstream direction discrete ultrasonic echo signal as X 1 (k) Firstly, initializing parameters, a threshold T, a window width WID and a data length n; then, search is performed starting from k=0, when X 1 (k) Searching the maximum point of the echo signal in the window range from k to k+WID and recording the time of the maximum point, which is the first effective extreme point of the searched ultrasonic echo signal, according to the method, searching until the search is stopped when k is greater than n-WID-1, obtaining all the echo signalsAn effective extreme point, selecting a third effective extreme point p 1 Corresponding time t 1 As the forward ultrasonic propagation time, t 1 ＝p 1 ×T s Wherein T is s Sampling time;
the processing of the backward flow direction ultrasonic echo signal is the same as that of the forward flow direction ultrasonic signal processing method.
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| CN108534855A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-09-14 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of new type ultrasonic gas flowmeter and its measurement method |
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| CN113701835B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-12-08 | 安徽理工大学 | High-precision self-correction ultrasonic coal bed gas extraction pipe network flowmeter |
| CN114993396B (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2023-03-14 | 美核电气（济南）股份有限公司 | High-precision multichannel liquid ultrasonic flowmeter suitable for high-temperature medium |
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