CN107725261A - 一种振荡水翼潮流能发电装置及发电方法 - Google Patents

一种振荡水翼潮流能发电装置及发电方法 Download PDF

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CN107725261A
CN107725261A CN201711149196.0A CN201711149196A CN107725261A CN 107725261 A CN107725261 A CN 107725261A CN 201711149196 A CN201711149196 A CN 201711149196A CN 107725261 A CN107725261 A CN 107725261A
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hydrofoil
framework
current energy
rotary gear
generating equipment
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刘臻
曲恒良
宋立群
许传礼
刘强
王晓亮
范顺涛
孙昊
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Ocean University of China
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/182Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with a to-and-fro movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1885Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is tied to the rem
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种振荡水翼潮流能发电装置及发电方法,所述的装置包括底座,在底座上安装竖向方形框架,在框架上固定安装一台以上的发电机,在框架内设置带齿轮的竖向齿轮转轴,该齿轮转轴的齿轮与各发电机动力输入轴上的齿轮相啮合,该齿轮转轴的两端分别通过一个轴承与框架相连接使其可在框架内自由旋转,该齿轮转轴通过连杆与竖向方形水翼框架固定连接,在水翼框架内安装竖向的水翼转轴,水翼转轴上安装可绕其自由旋转的水翼。本发明所公开的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,利用水翼的摆动捕获潮流能,区别于传统水轮机旋转获能发电,克服传统水轮机占用水深大,环境影响强的缺点。

Description

一种振荡水翼潮流能发电装置及发电方法
技术领域
本发明属于潮流能发电装置领域,特别涉及该领域中的一种振荡水翼潮流能发电装置及发电方法。
背景技术
传统化石能源资源日益枯竭,其利用也产生了严重的污染并带来了气候变暖等问题,发展新型清洁能源成为新的趋势。随着海上贸易的进一步发展,深水区域的通航需求越来越高,相比较来说近岸水域对通航的要求要小得多,而且近岸水域的施工更加简单易行,对海底环境的勘测也更加方便。我国海岸线绵长,近岸水域拥有丰富的潮流能资源,而且海洋潮流能具有可预报、可勘测、能量密度大的特点,因此开发近岸水域的潮流能资源十分必要,开发适用于近岸水域使用的潮流能发电装置的市场需求也非常迫切。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题就是提供一种适用于近岸水域使用的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置及发电方法。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,其改进之处在于:所述的装置包括底座,在底座上安装竖向方形框架,在框架上固定安装一台以上的发电机,在框架内设置带齿轮的竖向齿轮转轴,该齿轮转轴的齿轮与各发电机动力输入轴上的齿轮相啮合,该齿轮转轴的两端分别通过一个轴承与框架相连接使其可在框架内自由旋转,该齿轮转轴通过连杆与竖向方形水翼框架固定连接,在水翼框架内安装竖向的水翼转轴,水翼转轴上安装可绕其自由旋转的水翼。
进一步的,所述的底座为长方形闭合型材框架;所述的竖向方形框架和竖向方形水翼框架亦为型材框架。
进一步的,竖向方形框架的竖向型材两侧各通过一根斜向型材与底座相连接。
进一步的,在框架的顶部安装支架,发电机通过固定座固定在支架上。
进一步的,所述的发电机为直流发电机。
进一步的,所述发电机的电力输出端与整流桥电路电连接,所述的整流桥电路与电容器电连接。
进一步的,在齿轮转轴上安装套环,连杆穿过套环与齿轮转轴相连接。
进一步的,齿轮转轴安装在连杆的中点上。
进一步的,水翼转轴安装在水翼的形心上。
一种振荡水翼潮流能发电方法,其改进之处在于:将振荡水翼潮流能发电装置置于水中并使齿轮及发电机露于水面之上;在水流的带动下使水翼绕水翼转轴往复摆动、水翼框架带动连杆往复摆动,由于连杆与齿轮转轴固定连接,连杆往复摆动即可带动齿轮转轴往复转动,由于齿轮转轴上的齿轮与各发电机动力输入轴上的齿轮相啮合,齿轮转轴转动即可带动发电机动力输入轴转动发电,发出的电经整流桥电路调整电流方向后输入电容器储存以备其他用电器使用。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明所公开的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,利用水翼的摆动捕获潮流能,区别于传统水轮机旋转获能发电,克服传统水轮机占用水深大,环境影响强的缺点。水翼转轴竖向安装,可以避免因水翼与水的密度不同而引起的水翼上浮或下沉,优化了其运动效果。水翼结构形式十分简单,相对于其他获能结构制造简便,不易损坏。破坏后也易于更换,具有更优的工程利用价值。针对不同的水流条件与海底环境,可以改变水翼的翼型,宽度,高度等,灵活性更高。
本发明所公开的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,底座为长方形闭合型材框架,竖向方形框架和竖向方形水翼框架亦为型材框架,型材框架的结构简单,强度高,稳定性好,易于安装,适用于浅水区域使用,此外型材框架还具有透空性能好的优势,对水流的抵挡作用十分微弱,基本不影响水流条件,利于水翼在一定流速下的稳定运动。
本发明所公开的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,采用直流式发电机,可以充分利用水翼整个往复摆动过程中的能量,能量利用效果好。同时加上整流桥电路,可以实现电流的稳定输出,发出的电输入电容器储存以备其他用电器例如电灯使用,实用性强。
本发明所公开的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,将齿轮转轴安装在连杆的中点上,水翼转轴安装在水翼的形心上,水翼的运动效果最佳。
一种振荡水翼潮流能发电方法,从水翼的摆动到齿轮的转动只经过一步转化,能量转化过程中的能量损耗小,起动流速低,适用流速范围广,对海洋生物影响小,且不需要拦水建坝,不产生三废污染,安装布置简单,维护成本较低,具有在工程上大面积推广应用的价值。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1所公开振荡水翼潮流能发电装置的结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例1所公开振荡水翼潮流能发电装置的主视示意图;
图3是本发明实施例1所公开振荡水翼潮流能发电装置中齿轮转轴的齿轮与直流发电机动力输入轴上的齿轮相啮合的示意图;
图4是本发明实施例1所公开振荡水翼潮流能发电装置中水翼框架的结构示意图;
图5是本发明实施例1所公开振荡水翼潮流能发电装置中型材框架的结构示意图;
图6是平均电压与K值关系曲线;
图7a是雷诺数Re=56836时不同水翼转轴位置与平均电压的关系曲线;
图7b是雷诺数Re=59590时不同水翼转轴位置与平均电压的关系曲线;
图7c是雷诺数Re=61556时不同水翼转轴位置与平均电压的关系曲线。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图和实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1,如图1,2所示,本实施例公开了一种振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,所述的装置包括底座1,在底座1上安装竖向方形框架2,在框架2上固定安装一台以上的直流发电机3,在框架内设置带齿轮41的竖向齿轮转轴4,如图3所示,该齿轮转轴的齿轮41与各直流发电机3动力输入轴上的齿轮31相啮合,该齿轮转轴的两端分别通过一个轴承与框架相连接使其可在框架内自由旋转,该齿轮转轴4通过连杆5与竖向方形水翼框架6固定连接,如图4所示,在水翼框架6内安装竖向的水翼转轴61,水翼转轴61上安装可绕其自由旋转的水翼62。
在本实施例中,如图5所示,所述的底座1为长方形闭合型材框架;所述的竖向方形框架2和竖向方形水翼框架亦为型材框架。竖向方形框架2的竖向型材两侧各通过一根斜向型材21与底座1相连接。在框架的顶部安装支架22,直流发电机通过固定座固定在支架上。直流发电机的电力输出端与整流桥电路电连接,所述的整流桥电路与电容器电连接。
在齿轮转轴上安装套环,连杆穿过套环与齿轮转轴相连接,松开套环即可前后移动连杆以调整其与齿轮转轴之间的连接位置,在连接位置合适后再上紧套环使连杆无法前后移动。
水翼转轴到齿轮转轴之间的长度与连杆总长的比值K称为无量纲比值,无量纲比值K对发电量有很大的影响。采用控制变量法,保证其他参量不变,分别选取了五组K值进行试验,通过输出电压的不同拟合曲线,找出K值最优解。通过对实验数据处理,进行四次多项式拟合,平均电压与K值关系曲线如图6所示,可见在齿轮转轴安装在连杆的中点上时,水翼的运动效果最佳。
在水翼侧面选取三个不同的水翼转轴位置,实验所用水翼弦长L=175mm,设水翼转轴距离水翼前沿长度为D,三个水翼转轴分别为:D=L/3=58.3mm;D=0.42L=73.5m(形心);D=L/2=87.5mm。为了保证实验的准确性,在每种水翼转轴下又分别测量三组不同雷诺数Re(56836,59590,61556)情况下的水翼运动效果。不同水翼转轴位置与平均电压的关系曲线如图7a,7b,7c所示,可见水翼转轴安装在水翼的形心上时,水翼的运动效果最佳。
本实施例所公开的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,适用于近岸潮流环境,可在近岸水域大规模布置,且近岸水域的管线铺设更加方便,装置发电便于直接并入当地电网,并且不影响深水区域通航。我国岛屿众多,尤其是南海地区,但其中大部分岛屿离陆地较远,与外界联通困难,岛上各种物质与能源供应较困难且成本较高。岛上太阳能、风能等新型能源受到日夜交替、海雾、自然生物等因素影响较大,而本实施例所公开的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置可日夜持续工作,不受天气阴晴交替的影响,持续发电效果好,适于在这些岛屿上使用,如果岛屿周边潮流能丰富,使用本实施例所公开的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置就可以实现岛屿能源的自足。
本实施例还公开了一种振荡水翼潮流能发电方法,将振荡水翼潮流能发电装置置于水中并使齿轮及直流发电机露于水面之上;在水流的带动下使水翼绕水翼转轴往复摆动、水翼框架带动连杆往复摆动,由于连杆与齿轮转轴固定连接,连杆往复摆动即可带动齿轮转轴往复转动,由于齿轮转轴上的齿轮与各直流发电机动力输入轴上的齿轮相啮合,齿轮转轴转动即可带动直流发电机动力输入轴转动发电,上述的齿轮可将齿轮转轴的角速度放大以提升发电效率,发出的电经整流桥电路调整电流方向后输入电容器储存以备其他用电器使用。

Claims (10)

1.一种振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,其特征在于:所述的装置包括底座,在底座上安装竖向方形框架,在框架上固定安装一台以上的发电机,在框架内设置带齿轮的竖向齿轮转轴,该齿轮转轴的齿轮与各发电机动力输入轴上的齿轮相啮合,该齿轮转轴的两端分别通过一个轴承与框架相连接使其可在框架内自由旋转,该齿轮转轴通过连杆与竖向方形水翼框架固定连接,在水翼框架内安装竖向的水翼转轴,水翼转轴上安装可绕其自由旋转的水翼。
2.根据权利要求1所述的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,其特征在于:所述的底座为长方形闭合型材框架;所述的竖向方形框架和竖向方形水翼框架亦为型材框架。
3.根据权利要求2所述的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,其特征在于:竖向方形框架的竖向型材两侧各通过一根斜向型材与底座相连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,其特征在于:在框架的顶部安装支架,发电机通过固定座固定在支架上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,其特征在于:所述的发电机为直流发电机。
6.根据权利要求1所述的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,其特征在于:所述发电机的电力输出端与整流桥电路电连接,所述的整流桥电路与电容器电连接。
7.根据权利要求1所述的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,其特征在于:在齿轮转轴上安装套环,连杆穿过套环与齿轮转轴相连接。
8.根据权利要求1所述的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,其特征在于:齿轮转轴安装在连杆的中点上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的振荡水翼潮流能发电装置,其特征在于:水翼转轴安装在水翼的形心上。
10.一种振荡水翼潮流能发电方法,其特征在于:将振荡水翼潮流能发电装置置于水中并使齿轮及发电机露于水面之上;在水流的带动下使水翼绕水翼转轴往复摆动、水翼框架带动连杆往复摆动,由于连杆与齿轮转轴固定连接,连杆往复摆动即可带动齿轮转轴往复转动,由于齿轮转轴上的齿轮与各发电机动力输入轴上的齿轮相啮合,齿轮转轴转动即可带动发电机动力输入轴转动发电,发出的电经整流桥电路调整电流方向后输入电容器储存以备其他用电器使用。
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