CN107723014B - Biomass fast pyrolysis quality improvement purification device and process - Google Patents
Biomass fast pyrolysis quality improvement purification device and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN107723014B CN107723014B CN201711009596.1A CN201711009596A CN107723014B CN 107723014 B CN107723014 B CN 107723014B CN 201711009596 A CN201711009596 A CN 201711009596A CN 107723014 B CN107723014 B CN 107723014B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
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- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
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Abstract
The invention relates to a biomass fast pyrolysis quality-improving purification device and a process. The device enables biomass to realize pyrolysis, upgrading and purification functions in one reactor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy utilization, and particularly relates to a biomass fast pyrolysis quality-improving purification device and process.
Background
Solving the energy problem has great significance to the economic growth of the world. The long-term use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas causes serious environmental pollution and greenhouse effect. In addition, fossil fuel is a non-renewable energy source, and the shortage of liquid fuel will become a big problem which troubles the development of human beings in the long term.
Biomass energy is the only renewable energy source that can be converted to liquid fuels. In view of the reasons of distributed and dispersed biomass, different forms, low energy density and season limitation, the prior art adopts biomass thermochemical liquefaction to convert biomass partially or totally into liquid fuel with high energy density and easy storage and transportation. The method has no limitation on product scale and consumption regions, and is the most promising petroleum substitute with environmental friendliness. Therefore, the biomass fast pyrolysis technology is the technology with the most industrialized development potential in the century and is the key point and the focus of the research and development of biomass liquefaction at home and abroad.
However, in the prior art, the pyrolysis oil obtained by fast pyrolysis and liquefaction of biomass has poor quality, and a utilization way with high added value and large using amount is lacked. Because of the defects of high viscosity, high oxygen content, strong polarity, low heat value, high acidity, strong corrosion, easy polymerization, poor stability and the like of the biological heavy oil, the biological heavy oil needs to be refined and modified. In addition, the produced liquid fuel contains fine ash, which restricts the use of biomass fuel oil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biomass fast pyrolysis upgrading and purifying device aiming at the defects of the prior art, so that the biomass can realize the functions of pyrolysis, upgrading and purification in one reactor.
The technical scheme provided by the invention aiming at the technical problems is as follows:
a biomass fast pyrolysis quality improvement purification device comprises a multifunctional reactor, a pyrolysis catalyst grading separation system, a quality improvement catalyst grading separation system, a pyrolysis catalyst regenerator, a quality improvement catalyst regenerator and a product condensation separator;
the multifunctional reactor comprises a mixed heating area, a pyrolysis reaction area arranged at the lower end of the mixed heating area and an upgrading filtering area positioned at the side end of the pyrolysis reaction area; the pyrolysis reaction area and the quality-improving filtering area are separated by a first grid;
the top of the mixed heating area is provided with a material inlet and a first catalyst inlet; a material returning valve is arranged at the lower part of the pyrolysis reaction zone and is connected with the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator through a first material returning device; the top of the upgrading filtering area is provided with a second catalyst inlet, the lower part of the upgrading filtering area is provided with a regulating valve, and the side part of the upgrading filtering area is provided with a gas-phase product outlet; the upgrading filtering area is separated from the gas-phase product outlet through a second grid, the gas-phase product outlet is connected with the product condensation separator, and the regulating valve is connected with the inlet of the upgrading catalyst regenerator;
the first catalyst inlet is connected with the pyrolysis catalyst grading separation system, and the second catalyst inlet is connected with the upgrading catalyst grading separation system; an outlet of the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator is connected with an inlet of the pyrolysis catalyst grading and separating system, and an outlet of the upgrading catalyst regenerator is connected with an inlet of the upgrading catalyst grading and separating system.
In the technical scheme, biomass enters from a material inlet, a pyrolysis catalyst enters from a first catalyst inlet, the biomass and the pyrolysis catalyst are collided with each other to realize rapid mixing and heating in a mixing heating area and rapidly enter a pyrolysis reaction area to start violent reaction, a gas-phase product generated in the pyrolysis reaction area enters an upgrading filter area through a first grid and contacts with the upgrading catalyst in the upgrading filter area to be upgraded and purified, and the upgrading catalyst in the upgrading filter area enters from a second catalyst inlet.
Meanwhile, the upgrading filtering area also plays a role in filtering dust in the gas-phase products, and dust particles carried by the gas-phase products are filtered by the upgrading catalyst in the upgrading filtering area and then move downwards to be discharged. The width of the upgrading and filtering area, the granularity of the upgrading catalyst and the like determine the residence time of gas-phase products generated by the pyrolysis reaction area in the upgrading and filtering area.
After the reaction is finished, the pyrolysis catalyst and the incompletely reacted semicoke enter a pyrolysis catalyst regenerator through a first material returning device for regeneration treatment, then enter a pyrolysis catalyst grading separation system, and the separated pyrolysis catalyst enters a multifunctional reactor and a second material returning valve or is discharged outside according to different particle sizes; the reacted upgrading catalyst enters an upgrading catalyst regenerator for regeneration treatment and then enters an upgrading catalyst grading separation system, and the separated upgrading catalysts respectively enter a multifunctional reactor or are discharged outside according to different particle sizes; in addition, the gas-phase product finally enters a product condensation separator for separation through a gas-phase product outlet, and finally biogas, pyroligneous liquor, biological light oil, biological heavy oil and the like are obtained.
Preferably, the first catalyst inlet is vertically arranged at the top of the mixed heating area; the two material inlets are respectively obliquely arranged at the top of the mixed heating area. Further preferably, the two material inlets are symmetrically arranged at the top of the mixed heating area, and the included angle between the material inlet and the first catalyst inlet is 15-75 degrees.
Preferably, the pyrolysis catalyst classification separation system is formed by connecting three stages of cyclone separators in series, and an outlet of the previous stage of cyclone separator is connected with an inlet of the next stage of cyclone separator;
the ash bucket of the first-stage cyclone separator is connected with a first catalyst inlet at the top of the mixed heating area, the ash bucket of the second-stage cyclone separator is connected with the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator through a second material returning device, and the ash bucket and an outlet of the third-stage cyclone separator are respectively discharged outside.
Through the pyrolysis catalyst grading separation system, the pyrolysis catalyst regenerated by the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator can be divided into 3 intervals according to particle size and respectively put into different sections, the pyrolysis catalyst with the particle size larger than 0.5mm is separated by the first-stage cyclone separator and used for fast pyrolysis reaction, the pyrolysis catalyst with the particle size larger than 0.1-0.5mm is separated by the second-stage cyclone separator and used for maintaining the thermal cycle of the process, and the catalyst with the particle size smaller than 0.1mm is separated by the third-stage cyclone separator and discharged outside.
Preferably, the upgrading catalyst grading separation system is formed by connecting two stages of cyclone separators in series, and an outlet of the previous stage of cyclone separator is connected with an inlet of the next stage of cyclone separator;
an ash hopper of the fourth-stage cyclone separator is connected with a second catalyst inlet at the top of the quality-improving filtering area, and an ash hopper and an outlet of the fifth-stage cyclone separator are respectively discharged outside.
Through the upgrading catalyst grading separation system, the upgrading catalyst regenerated by the upgrading catalyst regenerator is divided into 2 sections according to particle size and is respectively put into different sections, the upgrading catalyst with the particle size larger than 0.5mm separated by the fourth-stage cyclone separator is used for upgrading filtering reaction, and the upgrading catalyst with the particle size smaller than 0.5mm separated by the fifth-stage cyclone separator is discharged outside.
Preferably, a heat remover is arranged in the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator. This setting can effectively utilize the heat that is generated by the biomass semicoke of incomplete reaction, can provide the heat for the pyrolysis reaction.
Preferably, the mixing heating area is provided with a plurality of material mixing plates; the material mixing plates are in the shape of three-diamond columns, are arranged in parallel and are arranged in a layered and staggered manner. Further preferably, the number of layers of the material mixing plate is 2-8.
Preferably, the cross section of the material mixing plate is an isosceles triangle, and the vertex angle range is 45-120 degrees.
Preferably, the pyrolysis reaction zone is a fluidized bed, and the catalyst is Al 2 O 3 The reaction temperature is 600-800 ℃, the catalyst falls to a material returning valve by gravity, and the material returning valve has a self-sealing function.
Preferably, the upgrading and filtering area is a moving bed, the catalyst is a Ni-based catalyst, the temperature of the upgrading and filtering area is 400-600 ℃, and the falling speed of the catalyst is controlled by adjusting a regulating valve at the lower part.
Preferably, the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator is a fluidized bed and has a temperature of 700-950 ℃.
Preferably, the upgrading catalyst regenerator is a fluidized bed and the temperature is 400-650 ℃.
Preferably, the first grating is formed by arranging inverted V-shaped grating plates at intervals; the inverted V-shaped grating plate is of an asymmetric structure, and the included angle between the plate edge on one side of the pyrolysis reaction area and the vertical direction is smaller than the included angle between the plate edge on one side of the upgrading filtering area and the vertical direction.
Preferably, the included angle between the edge of one side plate of the pyrolysis reaction area and the vertical direction is 15-45 degrees; the included angle between the edge of one side plate of the upgrading and filtering area and the vertical direction is 15-75 degrees.
Preferably, the bottom of the plate edge of one side of the pyrolysis reaction area of the inverted V-shaped grid plate is lower than the top of the inverted V-shaped grid plate of the next layer; the inverted V-shaped grating plate is positioned at the bottom of one side plate edge of the quality-improving filtering area and is flush with the top of the next layer of inverted V-shaped grating plate.
Preferably, the spacing distance between the inverted V-shaped grid plates is smaller than the particle size of the pyrolysis catalyst in the pyrolysis reaction region.
Preferably, the second grid is formed by arranging linear grid plates at intervals; the included angle range of the linear grating plates and the vertical direction is 15-45 degrees.
Preferably, the bottom position of the linear grating plate is lower than the top position of the linear grating plate at the next layer.
Preferably, the spacing distance of the linear grating plates is smaller than the particle size of the upgrading catalyst in the upgrading filtering area.
Preferably, the upgrading filtering area comprises two upgrading filtering areas which are respectively and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the pyrolysis reaction area.
Preferably, the upgrading catalyst regenerator comprises a fluidized bed char burner and a reduction tank. And (3) the upgrading catalyst flowing out of the upgrading filtering area is deactivated after reaction, returns to a fluidized bed coke burner in the upgrading catalyst regenerator, is reduced by a reduction tank, is sent into the upgrading filtering area again through an upgrading catalyst grading separation system, and is circulated in the same way.
The invention also provides a biomass fast pyrolysis quality-improving purification process using the device, which comprises the following steps:
1) Biomass and a pyrolysis catalyst respectively enter from a material inlet and a first catalyst inlet, mixed temperature rise is realized in a mixed temperature rise region, and the biomass and the pyrolysis catalyst enter a pyrolysis reaction region to start reaction;
the reacted pyrolysis catalyst and the incompletely reacted semicoke enter a pyrolysis catalyst regenerator through a first material returning device to be subjected to regeneration treatment;
2) The gas-phase product generated in the step 1) enters an upgrading filtering area through a first grid and contacts with an upgrading catalyst in the upgrading filtering area to react;
the reacted upgrading catalyst enters an upgrading catalyst regenerator for regeneration treatment;
3) The gas-phase product after quality improvement and filtration in the step 2) enters a product condensation separator through a second grating for product separation treatment;
4) The pyrolysis catalyst regenerated by the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator in the step 1) enters a pyrolysis catalyst grading separation system, the pyrolysis catalyst with the particle size larger than 0.5mm separated by a first-stage cyclone separator enters a mixed heating area, the catalyst with the particle size of 0.1-0.5mm separated by a second-stage cyclone separator enters the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator through a second material returning device, and the pyrolysis catalyst with the particle size smaller than 0.1mm separated by a third-stage cyclone separator is discharged;
5) The upgrading catalyst regenerated by the upgrading catalyst regenerator in the step 2) enters an upgrading catalyst grading separation system, the upgrading catalyst with the particle size larger than 0.5mm separated by the fourth-stage cyclone separator enters an upgrading filtering area, and the upgrading catalyst with the particle size smaller than 0.5mm separated by the fifth-stage cyclone separator is discharged outside.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The biomass fast pyrolysis quality-improving purification device provided by the invention can realize regeneration and fractional separation of the catalyst and realize cyclic utilization of the catalyst.
(2) The multifunctional reactor in the biomass fast pyrolysis quality-improving purification device provided by the invention separates the pyrolysis reaction area from the quality-improving filtering area through the grating, so that the biomass can simultaneously realize the functions of pyrolysis, quality improvement and purification in one reactor, the yield and quality of liquid products can be effectively improved, and the ash content of the liquid products is reduced.
(3) The biomass fast pyrolysis quality-improving purification process provided by the invention can effectively improve the yield and quality of liquid products and reduce the ash content of the liquid products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass fast pyrolysis upgrading and purifying device in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the multi-functional reactor in the example.
Wherein, 1, a multifunctional reactor; 101. a pyrolysis reaction zone; 102. an upgrading filtering area; 103. a mixed heating zone; 104. a gas phase product outlet; 105. a first grid; 106. a second grid; 107. a first catalyst inlet; 108. a material inlet; 109. a second catalyst inlet; 110. a material mixing plate; 111. adjusting a valve; 112. a material returning valve; 2. a pyrolysis catalyst regenerator; 3. a product condensation separator; 4. a fluidized bed char former; 5. a reduction pot; 6. a first material returning device; 7. a second material returning device; 8. a first stage cyclone; 9. a fourth stage cyclone; 10. a fifth stage cyclone; 11. a second stage cyclone; 12. a third stage cyclone separator; 13. a heat collector.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the biomass fast pyrolysis upgrading purification device comprises a multifunctional reactor 1, a pyrolysis catalyst grading and separating system, an upgrading catalyst grading and separating system, a pyrolysis catalyst regenerator 2, an upgrading catalyst regenerator and a product condensation separator 3.
The pyrolysis catalyst grading separation system is formed by connecting three stages of cyclone separators in series, and an outlet of the previous stage of cyclone separator is connected with an inlet of the next stage of cyclone separator. An ash bucket of the first-stage cyclone separator 8 is connected with a first catalyst inlet 107 at the top of the mixed heating area 103, an ash bucket of the second-stage cyclone separator 11 is connected with the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator 2 through a second material returning device 7, and an ash bucket and an outlet of the third-stage cyclone separator 12 are respectively discharged outside.
And the upgrading catalyst grading separation system is formed by connecting two stages of cyclone separators in series, and the outlet of the upper stage of cyclone separator is connected with the inlet of the lower stage of cyclone separator. The ash bucket of the fourth stage cyclone separator 9 is connected with the second catalyst inlet 109 at the top of the upgrading and filtering area 102, and the ash bucket and the outlet of the fifth stage cyclone separator 10 are respectively discharged outside.
As shown in fig. 2, the multifunctional reactor 1 comprises a mixing temperature rising zone 103, a pyrolysis reaction zone 101 and an upgrading filter zone 102, which are all inside the shell of the multifunctional reactor 1.
The mixed heating area 103 is arranged at the upper part of the pyrolysis reaction area 101, the whole shape of the mixed heating area and the pyrolysis reaction area can be a vertical cuboid in actual production, and the lower part of the pyrolysis reaction area 101 is provided with a return valve 112 with a self-sealing function and is connected with the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator 2 through a first return feeder 6. Two upgrading filtering areas 102 are respectively arranged at two sides of the pyrolysis reaction area 101. The pyrolysis reaction zone 101 is separated from the upgrading filtration zone 102 on both sides by a first grid 105.
The first grating 105 is formed by arranging inverted V-shaped grating plates at intervals, the inverted V-shaped grating plates are of an asymmetric structure, and the included angle between the plate edge at one side of the pyrolysis reaction area 101 and the vertical direction is smaller than the included angle between the plate edge at one side of the upgrading filtering area 102 and the vertical direction. The included angle between the plate edge at one side of the pyrolysis reaction area 101 and the vertical direction is 30 degrees, and the included angle between the plate edge at one side of the upgrading and filtering area 102 and the vertical direction is 45 degrees. The bottom of the plate edge of one side of the pyrolysis reaction area 101 of the inverted V-shaped grating plate is lower than the top of the next inverted V-shaped grating plate, and the bottom of the plate edge of one side of the upgrading filtering area 102 of the inverted V-shaped grating plate is flush with the top of the next inverted V-shaped grating plate. In addition, the spacing distance between the inverted V-shaped grid plates is smaller than the particle size of the pyrolysis catalyst in the pyrolysis reaction zone 101.
The top of the mixed heating zone 103 is provided with a material inlet 108 and a first catalyst inlet 107. The first catalyst inlet 107 is vertically disposed at the top of the mixed heating area 103, and the two material inlets 108 are respectively disposed at the top of the mixed heating area 103 in an inclined manner. The two material inlets 108 are symmetrically arranged, the included angle between the material inlets 108 and the first catalyst inlet 107 is 30 degrees, and the first catalyst inlet 107 is connected with the ash hopper of the first-stage cyclone separator 8.
In addition, a plurality of material mixing plates 110 are arranged in the mixed heating area 103, the material mixing plates 110 are triangular prism-shaped, two ends of each material mixing plate are respectively fixed on the wall surface of the mixed heating area 103, the cross section of each material mixing plate is isosceles triangle-shaped, the angle of the apex angle is 120 degrees, and the material mixing plates are arranged in parallel and are arranged in a layered staggered manner. The number of layers of the material mixing plate 110 is 3.
Since the upgrading and filtering sections 102 on both sides of the pyrolysis reaction section 101 are symmetrically arranged, only one upgrading and filtering section 102 is described here. The upgrading and filtering section 102 may also be in the shape of a vertical rectangular parallelepiped, the top is provided with a second catalyst inlet 109, the lower part is provided with a regulating valve 111, the side is provided with a gas phase product outlet 104, and the upgrading and filtering section 102 and the gas phase product outlet 104 are separated by a second grating 106.
The gas-phase product outlet 104 is connected with the product condensation separator 3, and the gas-phase product is separated by the product condensation separator 3 to finally obtain biogas, pyroligneous liquor, biological light oil, biological heavy oil and the like. The second catalyst inlet 109 is connected to the ash hopper of the fourth stage cyclone 9, only one side of which is shown in fig. 1, and the other side can likewise be connected to the ash hopper of the fourth stage cyclone 9. The regulating valve 111 is connected to an upgrading catalyst regenerator, which in turn comprises a fluidized bed char burner 4 and a reduction tank 5, where only one side is shown, and the other side can be connected to the upgrading catalyst regenerator in actual use.
The second grating 106 is formed by arranging linear grating plates at intervals, the included angle range between the linear grating plates and the vertical direction is 45 degrees, and the edge position of the linear grating plate positioned on one side of the quality-improving filtering area 102 is lower. The bottom position of the linear grating plate is lower than the top position of the next layer of linear grating plate, and the spacing distance between the linear grating plates is smaller than the particle size of the quality-improving catalyst in the quality-improving filtering area 102.
The inlet of the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator 2 is respectively connected with a first material returning device 6 and a second material returning device 7, and the outlet of the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator 2 is connected with the inlet of a first-stage cyclone separator 8.
The inlet of the fluidized bed coke burning device 4 in the upgrading catalyst regenerator is connected with the material returning valve 111 at the bottom of the upgrading filtering area 102, and the outlet of the reduction tank 5 is connected with the inlet of the fourth-stage cyclone separator 9.
In addition, a heat collector 13 is further arranged in the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator 2, and the heat collector 13 can effectively utilize heat generated by incompletely reacted biomass semi-coke and can provide heat for the pyrolysis reaction.
The working process is as follows:
biomass is introduced into the feed inlet 108 and catalyst Al 2 O 3 And the mixture enters a first catalyst inlet 107, enters a mixing heating area 103, is rapidly mixed and heated on a material mixing plate 110 through mutual collision, and rapidly enters a pyrolysis reaction area 101 to start violent reaction.
The reaction state in the pyrolysis reaction zone 101 is a fluidized bed, the temperature is 600-800 ℃, and the solid particles fall to the material returning valve 112 by gravity and then enter the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator 2 through the first material returning device 6. And the gas-phase products generated in the pyrolysis reaction area 101 enter the upgrading and filtering area 102 through the first grid 105, and contact with the catalyst Ni-based catalyst in the upgrading and filtering area 102 to carry out upgrading and filtering reactions, and meanwhile, the Ni-based catalyst also plays a role in filtering dust in the gas-phase products.
The reaction state in the upgrading filter area 102 is a moving bed, the temperature is 400-600 ℃, the falling speed of solid particles is controlled by adjusting a regulating valve 111 at the lower part, and the upgrading catalyst flowing out of the upgrading filter area 102 is deactivated after reaction, returns to a fluidized bed coke burner 4 in the upgrading catalyst regenerator, is reduced by a reducing tank 5, and enters an upgrading catalyst grading separation system. The width of the upgrading filter zone 102, the size of the upgrading catalyst, etc. determine the residence time of the gas phase products generated by the pyrolysis reaction zone 101 in the upgrading filter zone 102.
The gas phase material after upgrading and filtering enters the product condensation separator 3 through the gas phase product outlet 104, and is separated by the product condensation separator 3 to obtain biogas, wood vinegar, biological light oil, biological heavy oil and the like.
The pyrolysis catalyst after regeneration treatment by the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator 2 enters a pyrolysis catalyst grading separation system, and the pyrolysis catalyst is divided into 3 intervals according to particle size and is respectively put into different sections, wherein the intervals are respectively as follows: the pyrolysis catalyst with the particle size larger than 0.5mm is separated by the first-stage cyclone separator 8 and used for fast pyrolysis reaction, the pyrolysis catalyst with the particle size of 0.1-0.5mm is separated by the second-stage cyclone separator 11 and used for maintaining the thermal cycle of the process, and the catalyst with the particle size smaller than 0.1mm is separated by the third-stage cyclone separator 12 and discharged outside.
The upgrading catalyst after being regenerated by the upgrading catalyst regenerator 2 enters an upgrading catalyst grading separation system, and is divided into 2 sections according to particle sizes, and the sections are respectively fed into different sections, wherein the sections are respectively as follows: the quality-improving catalyst with the particle size larger than 0.5mm is separated by the fourth-stage cyclone separator 9 and used for quality-improving filtering reaction, and the quality-improving catalyst with the particle size smaller than 0.5mm is separated by the fifth-stage cyclone separator 10 and discharged outside.
Claims (6)
1. A biomass fast pyrolysis upgrading purification device is characterized by comprising a multifunctional reactor, a pyrolysis catalyst grading and separating system, an upgrading catalyst grading and separating system, a pyrolysis catalyst regenerator, an upgrading catalyst regenerator and a product condensation separator;
the multifunctional reactor comprises a mixed heating area, a pyrolysis reaction area arranged at the lower end of the mixed heating area and an upgrading filtering area positioned at the side end of the pyrolysis reaction area; the pyrolysis reaction area and the quality-improving filtering area are separated through a first grid;
the top of the mixed heating area is provided with a material inlet and a first catalyst inlet; a material returning valve is arranged at the lower part of the pyrolysis reaction zone and is connected with the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator through a first material returning device; the top of the upgrading filtering area is provided with a second catalyst inlet, the lower part of the upgrading filtering area is provided with a regulating valve, and the side part of the upgrading filtering area is provided with a gas-phase product outlet; the upgrading filtering area is separated from the gas-phase product outlet through a second grid, the gas-phase product outlet is connected with the product condensation separator, and the regulating valve is connected with the inlet of the upgrading catalyst regenerator;
the first catalyst inlet is connected with the pyrolysis catalyst grading separation system, and the second catalyst inlet is connected with the upgrading catalyst grading separation system; an outlet of the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator is connected with an inlet of a pyrolysis catalyst grading and separating system, and an outlet of the upgrading catalyst regenerator is connected with an inlet of an upgrading catalyst grading and separating system;
the pyrolysis catalyst grading separation system is formed by connecting three stages of cyclone separators in series, and an outlet of the previous stage of cyclone separator is connected with an inlet of the next stage of cyclone separator;
an ash bucket of the first-stage cyclone separator is connected with a first catalyst inlet at the top of the mixed heating area, an ash bucket of the second-stage cyclone separator is connected with the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator through a second material returning device, and an ash bucket and an outlet of the third-stage cyclone separator are respectively discharged;
through a pyrolysis catalyst grading separation system, the pyrolysis catalyst regenerated by a pyrolysis catalyst regenerator can be divided into 3 intervals according to the particle size and respectively put into different sections, the pyrolysis catalyst with the particle size larger than 0.5mm separated by a first-stage cyclone separator is used for rapid pyrolysis reaction, the pyrolysis catalyst with the particle size of 0.1-0.5mm separated by a second-stage cyclone separator is used for maintaining the thermal cycle of the process, and the catalyst with the particle size smaller than 0.1mm separated by a third-stage cyclone separator is discharged outside;
the quality-improving catalyst grading separation system is formed by connecting two stages of cyclone separators in series, and the outlet of the upper stage of cyclone separator is connected with the inlet of the lower stage of cyclone separator;
an ash hopper of the fourth-stage cyclone separator is connected with a second catalyst inlet at the top of the quality-improving filtering area, and an ash hopper and an outlet of the fifth-stage cyclone separator are respectively discharged;
through the upgrading catalyst grading separation system, the upgrading catalyst regenerated by the upgrading catalyst regenerator is divided into 2 sections according to particle size and is respectively put into different sections, the upgrading catalyst with the particle size larger than 0.5mm separated by the fourth-stage cyclone separator is used for upgrading filtering reaction, and the upgrading catalyst with the particle size smaller than 0.5mm separated by the fifth-stage cyclone separator is discharged outside;
the first grating is formed by arranging inverted V-shaped grating plates at intervals; the inverted V-shaped grating plate is of an asymmetric structure, and the included angle between the plate edge at one side of the pyrolysis reaction area and the vertical direction is smaller than the included angle between the plate edge at one side of the upgrading filtering area and the vertical direction;
the included angle between the edge of one side plate of the pyrolysis reaction area and the vertical direction is 15-45 degrees; the included angle between the plate edge at one side of the quality-improving filtering area and the vertical direction is 15-75 degrees;
the bottom of the plate edge of one side of the pyrolysis reaction area of the inverted V-shaped grid plate is lower than the top of the next layer of inverted V-shaped grid plate; the inverted V-shaped grating plate is positioned at the bottom of one side plate edge of the quality-improving filtering area and is flush with the top of the next layer of inverted V-shaped grating plate.
2. The biomass fast pyrolysis upgrading and purifying device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing and heating area is provided with a plurality of material mixing plates; the material mixing plates are in the shape of three-diamond columns, are arranged in parallel and are arranged in a layered and staggered manner.
3. The biomass fast pyrolysis quality-improving purification device according to claim 1, wherein the second grid is formed by arranging linear grid plates at intervals; the included angle range of the linear grating plate and the vertical direction is 15-45 degrees.
4. The biomass fast pyrolysis quality-improving and purifying device according to claim 1, wherein the quality-improving and filtering areas comprise two areas, and the two areas are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the pyrolysis reaction area respectively.
5. The biomass fast pyrolysis upgrading purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the upgrading catalyst regenerator comprises a fluidized bed char burner and a reduction tank.
6. A biomass fast pyrolysis upgrading and purifying process using the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Biomass and a pyrolysis catalyst respectively enter from a material inlet and a first catalyst inlet, mixed temperature rise is realized in a mixed temperature rise region, and the biomass and the pyrolysis catalyst enter a pyrolysis reaction region to start reaction;
the reacted pyrolysis catalyst and the incompletely reacted semicoke enter a pyrolysis catalyst regenerator through a first material returning device to be subjected to regeneration treatment;
2) The gas-phase product generated in the step 1) enters an upgrading filtering area through a first grid and contacts with an upgrading catalyst in the upgrading filtering area to react;
the reacted upgrading catalyst enters an upgrading catalyst regenerator for regeneration treatment;
3) The gas-phase product after quality improvement and filtration in the step 2) enters a product condensation separator through a second grating for product separation treatment;
4) The pyrolysis catalyst regenerated by the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator in the step 1) enters a pyrolysis catalyst grading separation system, the pyrolysis catalyst with the particle size larger than 0.5mm separated by the first-stage cyclone separator enters a mixed heating area, the catalyst with the particle size of 0.1-0.5mm separated by the second-stage cyclone separator enters the pyrolysis catalyst regenerator through a second material returning device, and the pyrolysis catalyst with the particle size smaller than 0.1mm separated by the third-stage cyclone separator is discharged;
5) The upgrading catalyst regenerated by the upgrading catalyst regenerator in the step 2) enters an upgrading catalyst grading separation system, the upgrading catalyst with the particle size larger than 0.5mm separated by a fourth-stage cyclone separator enters an upgrading filtering area, and the upgrading catalyst with the particle size smaller than 0.5mm separated by a fifth-stage cyclone separator is discharged outside.
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