CN107721322B - Low-background-value concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-background-value concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107721322B CN107721322B CN201711171383.9A CN201711171383A CN107721322B CN 107721322 B CN107721322 B CN 107721322B CN 201711171383 A CN201711171383 A CN 201711171383A CN 107721322 B CN107721322 B CN 107721322B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
The low background value concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 399 kg-434 kg; water: 139kg to 140 kg; fine aggregate: 806 kg-863 kg; coarse aggregate: 973kg to 985 kg; water reducing agent: 10.6kg to 11.5 kg. The invention solves the technical problems that the traditional concrete with low background value has poor pumping performance, serious bleeding, inaccurate slump detection, difficult guarantee of concrete strength and more quality defects of honeycombs, pitted surfaces, cracks and the like on the surface of a formed concrete member.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete preparation, and particularly relates to low background value concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the laboratory construction for scientific research and detection with sensitive requirements on background values, the index requirements on the background values of various raw materials are high, the low-background-value concrete is prepared by blending low-radiation quartz stone, quartz sand and low-hydration-heat portland cement with a polycarboxylic acid inorganic composite water reducing agent through grading, and the low-hydration-heat, low-radiation and low-background-value concrete is prepared. The air absorption dose rate of national natural gamma radiation is about 110nGy/h, and the indoor air absorption dose rate of common concrete buildings is 190 nGy/h. At present, only 2 low-background laboratories built and put into use in China are provided, and the air absorption dosage rate of the laboratory background value can only be controlled to 50nGy/h by selecting the concrete prepared by blending and stirring the low-radiation cement, the quartz stone, the quartz sand and the concrete additive in a grading manner. The Chinese invention patent CN103803901 also discloses a barite radiation-resistant pump concrete, and the invention realizes the radiation resistance of the concrete by adding expensive barite. The invention patent CN103755204 of China discloses a concrete additive, especially a concrete additive for anti-cracking and radiation protection, which needs to be added with barite and other additives to realize the invention. The Chinese invention patent CN104817304B discloses a method for preparing radiation-resistant concrete by using boron-containing mine tailings, and radiation resistance of the concrete is realized by adding the boron-containing mine tailings. However, the background value cannot be effectively reduced, and the radiation background value of the concrete is increased due to the addition of other materials, so that only low-radiation quartz stone, quartz sand and a polycarboxylic acid inorganic composite material water reducing agent can be selected as raw materials to prepare the low-background-value concrete. At present, 2 low-background laboratories are constructed in China, the pumping performance of the used low-background concrete is poor, bleeding is serious, slump cannot be accurately detected, a cementing material runs off along slab joints in the concrete vibrating process, the concrete strength is difficult to guarantee, the apparent defects of the formed concrete are more, the phenomena of honeycombs and pitted surfaces commonly exist, the background value of the added concrete expanding agent is higher, the cement hydration heat is higher, and the defects of cracks and the like exist on a bottom plate and a top plate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a low background value concrete and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems that the traditional low background value concrete has poor pumping performance, serious bleeding, inaccurate slump detection, difficult guarantee of concrete strength and more quality defects of honeycombs, pitted surfaces, cracks and the like in the appearance of a formed concrete member.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
The concrete with the low background value comprises the following components in parts by weight.
Cement: 399 kg-434 kg;
water: 139kg to 140 kg;
fine aggregate: 806 kg-863 kg;
coarse aggregate: 973kg to 985 kg;
water reducing agent: 10.6kg to 11.5 kg.
Wherein, the cement is Portland cement for PN42.5 nuclear power engineering, and the upper limit value of the radionuclide specific activity of the cement is as follows:
table 1: upper limit of specific activity of cement radionuclide
The coarse aggregate has a grain diameter of 2.36-25.0 mm, and is continuously graded quartz stone, and the upper limit value of the radionuclide specific activity of the coarse aggregate is as follows:
table 2: upper limit of specific activity of radioactive nuclide of quartz stone
The fine aggregate is quartz sand with the grain diameter of 0.18 mm-2.36 mm and continuous gradation, and the upper limit value of the radionuclide specific activity of the fine aggregate is as follows:
table 3: upper limit of radioactive nuclide ratio of quartz sand
The upper limit value of the specific activity of the radionuclide of the water reducing agent is as follows:
table 4: the radionuclide ratio upper limit value of the water reducing agent
Preferably, the water is selected from drinking water.
Preferably, the fine aggregate comprises the following quartz sand grading and sieving ratios:
table 5: grading and sieving ratio of quartz sand
Preferably, the quartz stone grading sieve ratio in the coarse aggregate is as follows:
table 6: grading and sieving ratio of quartz stone
Preferably, the water reducing agent is a RSW-02D polycarboxylic acid composite water reducing agent.
A preparation method of concrete with low background value comprises the following steps.
Step one, calculating the mass of each component according to the total mass of the prepared concrete.
And step two, adding coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement into the concrete mixer according to the calculated amount.
And step three, stirring, and adding half of the calculated total mass of the water into the mixture obtained in the step two after the mixture is uniformly stirred.
Step four, preparing a water reducing agent solution, and adding the prepared water reducing agent solution into a concrete mixer.
And step five, adding the other half of water into the concrete mixer, and continuously stirring for 90-105 s.
Preferably, the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate and the cement in the second step are sequentially fed according to the sequence of firstly adding the quartz stone, then adding the cement and then adding the quartz sand.
Preferably, in the water reducing agent solution prepared in the fourth step, the ratio of the water reducing agent to the water is 2 times of the ratio of the water reducing agent to the water in per cubic meter of the low background value concrete.
Preferably, the concrete mixer adopts a concrete forced single horizontal shaft concrete mixer or a mixer for a concrete production line of a concrete mixing plant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects.
1. According to the preparation method of the low background value concrete disclosed by the invention, the low background value concrete needs the lower background value of the concrete, so that the background value higher than the scientific research detection requirement cannot be generated after the low background value concrete is used for a laboratory entity, and the interference of external radiation on the scientific research detection data can be prevented.
2. The concrete is prepared by mixing and stirring the continuous graded coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, low-hydration-heat cement, the polycarboxylic acid composite water reducing agent and the drinking tap water, has good water retention and fluidity, effectively solves the problems of poor pumpability, bleeding and flow pulp and the like of the low-background-value concrete, improves the one-step molding quality of concrete pouring, and ensures that the low background value of a structural entity after the low-background-value concrete is molded meets the process requirements.
3. The invention aims to overcome the influence of radiation of the background value of a building material on a laboratory and the influence of concrete entity construction quality with low background value, eliminate the use of additives such as a concrete micro-expanding agent, fly ash and the like by optimizing materials and mixing proportion, improve the working performance of concrete, keep good workability, reduce the initial hydration heat of the concrete, improve the operability of concrete construction, ensure the strength requirement of a concrete member and control the background value to 30 nGy/h.
4. According to the invention, the workability of the concrete is adjusted only by using the low-radiation polycarboxylic acid inorganic composite water reducing agent, additives such as an expanding agent and fly ash are removed, the shrinkage and cracking of the concrete caused by the limitation of the expansion condition of the concrete expanding agent are avoided, the air absorption dosage rate of the concrete is reduced, and the influence of the additives on the low background value is avoided.
5. The coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are produced by adopting quartz ore with low radioactivity in nature according to continuous gradation, so that the low background value and the strength grade of the concrete are effectively guaranteed.
6. The low-background-value concrete adopts low-hydration-heat portland cement with a low background value, has low hydration heat, small shrinkage and good quality stability, ensures the workability of concrete mixtures, reduces the concentrated release of large-volume concrete hydration heat, and avoids the generation of harmful cracks of concrete members.
7. The concrete with the low background value is subjected to multiple optimization trial-matching to determine the optimal mix proportion, and the technical problems of concrete bleeding, accurate slump detection, pumpability and the like are overcome; the concrete with low mix proportion and the basic value has good workability and stable operability, and can ensure that the concrete structure is excellent at one time.
8. In the components of the traditional common concrete, all the additives are radioactive, so that the more types or the higher the dosage of the additives added into the concrete, the greater the contribution influence on the background value of the concrete with low background value; through multiple detections and trial preparations and expert demonstration and confirmation, the RSW-02D polycarboxylic acid composite water reducing agent has the lowest radioactivity and can ensure the realization of the mix proportion of pumpable low-background-value concrete, so that the workability of the concrete is adjusted by only using the low-radiation polycarboxylic acid inorganic composite water reducing agent, and the concrete configuration can be realized and the background value of the concrete can be effectively controlled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of making a low background value concrete according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Preparation examples
As shown in FIG. 1, the concrete preparation method of the low background value concrete comprises the following specific steps.
Step one, calculating the mass of each component according to the total mass of the prepared concrete.
Step two, sequentially adding quartz stone, cement and quartz sand into the concrete mixer according to the calculated amount; the concrete stirring and feeding sequence is a reasonable sequence required by the specification, can ensure that stones, cement and the like are uniformly stirred, prevent the cement from being wrapped with other coarse and fine aggregates and entering a mixing machine, quickly form small cement granules after meeting water, and ensure that the serious agglomeration is serious when the water cement ratio is small
And step three, stirring, and adding half of the calculated total mass of the water into the mixture obtained in the step two after the mixture is uniformly stirred.
Step four, preparing a water reducing agent solution, wherein the ratio of the water reducing agent to water is 1:25.68, and adding the prepared water reducing agent solution into a concrete mixer.
And step five, adding the other half of water into the concrete mixer, and continuously stirring for 90-105 s.
In this embodiment, the concrete mixer adopts 2 types of forced single horizontal axis concrete mixers for a laboratory concrete and a large mixer for a concrete production line of a concrete mixing plant to mix.
In the embodiment, the cement is special Portland cement for PN42.5 nuclear power engineering, and the specific activity of the radionuclide is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: specific activity of cement radionuclide (unit: Bq/kg)
The coarse aggregate is quartz stone with the grain diameter of 2.36-25.0 mm and continuous grading, and the specific activity of radioactive nuclide and the grading sieve ratio of the quartz stone are shown in a table 2.
Table 2: specific activity of radionuclide in quartz (unit: Bq/kg) and grading and sieving ratio
In this example, the fine aggregate was quartz sand (medium sand) having a particle size of 0.18 to 2.36mm and having a continuous gradation, and the specific activity of radionuclide and the gradation sieve ratio thereof were shown in table 3.
Table 3: specific activity of radioactive nuclide (unit: Bq/kg) of quartz sand and grading sieve ratio
In the embodiment, the additive is RSW-02D polycarboxylic acid composite water reducing agent, and the specific activity of the radionuclide is shown in Table 4:
table 5: radioactive nuclide specific activity (unit: Bq/kg) of polycarboxylic acid composite water reducing agent
In this embodiment, the mix water chooses for use drinks tap water.
In this example, the mix ratio of the C35 low background value concrete is shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6C 35 Low background concrete mix proportions
| Component (in parts) | Preparation 1 | Preparation 2 | Preparation 3 |
| Cement | 420 | 399 | 434 |
| Water (W) | 140 | 140 | 139 |
| Quartz sand | 837 | 863 | 806 |
| Quartz stone | 983 | 973 | 985 |
| Water reducing agent | 10.9 | 10.6 | 11.5 |
The concrete mixer adopts 2 types of forced single-horizontal-shaft concrete mixers for a laboratory concrete and 2 types of large mixers for a concrete production line of a concrete mixing plant to mix for 90-105S.
In this embodiment, in the water reducing agent solution prepared in step four, the ratio of the water reducing agent to water is 2 times of the ratio of the water reducing agent to water in the concrete with the low background value in each party, and the water reducing agent is actually taken according to the concrete mixing ratio: the ratio of water to water is 1: 21.53-1: 25.69.
In the embodiment, the concrete formed by mixing and stirring the continuous graded coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, low-hydration-heat cement, the polycarboxylic acid composite water reducing agent and the drinking tap water is good in water retention and fluidity, the problems of poor pumping performance, bleeding pulp flow and the like of the low-background-value concrete are effectively solved, the one-step forming quality of the concrete pouring is improved, and the low background value of the structural entity after the low-background-value concrete is formed meets the process requirements.
In the preparation embodiment, the water-to-glue ratio of the prepared concrete with the low background value is not less than 0.33; wherein the mass of the used quartz sand is 806-3The mass of the quartz stone is 973-3(ii) a The nuclide content Ra-226 of the used quartz sand and quartz stone is less than or equal to 0.91, Th-232 is less than or equal to 1.6, and K-40 is less than or equal to 6.5.
The low background value concrete prepared by the preparation example is used, and the data obtained by the experiment are shown in the table 7: .
TABLE 7 comparison table of experimental data of different raw material dosages
Comparative example 1
Respectively setting a control group and 2 test groups, wherein the control group is the low background value concrete prepared by the method of the preparation example 1, the mixture ratio of the raw materials used in the test group 1-1 and the control group is the same, but the coarse aggregate quartz stone and the fine aggregate quartz sand respectively adopt common broken stone and medium sand; the proportion of the raw materials used in the test groups 1-2 and the control group is the same, but the cement adopts P.O.42.5 ordinary portland cement; the test groups 1-3 and the control group have the same raw materials, the proportion of common concrete is adopted, and the specific components and the dosage are shown in table 8.
TABLE 8 Components and amounts of gelling System used in the test groups
| (share) | Control group | Test group 1-1 | Test groups 1 to 2 | Test groups 1 to 3 |
| Cement | 420 | 420 | 420 | 275 |
| Water (W) | 140 | 140 | 140 | 175 |
| Fine aggregate | 837 | 837 | 837 | 834 |
| Coarse aggregate | 983 | 983 | 983 | 979 |
| Additive agent | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 9.1 |
| Blending material | / | / | / | 120 |
The prepared concrete with low background value is subjected to a compression strength and slump test, and specific test results are shown in table 9.
Table 9 results of performance test of each product group of comparative example 1
| Measured Performance and data | Control group | Test group 1-1 | Test groups 1 to 2 | Test groups 1 to 3 |
| Strength grade | C35 | C35-C40 | C35 | C35 |
| Slump constant | 190 | 190 | 190 | 190 |
| Workability | Good effect | Good effect | Good effect | Good effect |
| Pumpability | Good effect | Is preferably used | Good effect | Good effect |
| Indoor air absorption dosage rate of building | 23～27 | 65-75 | 89-109 | 150～180 |
The experiment can obtain that:
1. the C35 concrete prepared from the Portland cement, the quartz sand, the quartz stone and the RSW-02D polycarboxylic acid composite water reducing agent for the PN42.5 nuclear power engineering with low radioactivity activity ratio selected by the embodiment of the invention has the lowest background value.
2. The workability of the concrete adjusted by only adding the RSW-02D polycarboxylic acid composite water reducing agent into the low background value concrete is good.
3. The raw materials for the concrete mixture had the following degrees of influence on the background value: the influence of water for mixture is minimal and negligible, the influence of sand and stones is large, and the cement has the largest effect on the background value, namely the mixture is sorted according to the influence degree: cement > sand, pebbles > mixing water; the additive mainly has the functions of adjusting the workability of concrete and having radioactivity, the influence on the background value is smaller when the variety of the additive is less or the dosage is less, and the variety of the additive is reduced, the dosage of the additive is reduced, and the additive with low background value is selected on the premise of ensuring the workability of the concrete.
The embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of implementations of the inventive concept and the scope of the present invention should not be considered limited to the specific forms set forth in the examples, but rather the scope of the present invention encompasses equivalent technical solutions that may occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the inventive concept.
Claims (5)
1. The concrete with the low background value is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
cement: 399 kg-434 kg;
water: 139kg to 140 kg;
fine aggregate: 806 kg-863 kg;
coarse aggregate: 973kg to 985 kg;
water reducing agent: 10.6 kg-11.5 kg;
wherein, the cement is Portland cement for PN42.5 nuclear power engineering, and the upper limit value of the radionuclide specific activity of the cement is as follows:
table 1: upper limit of specific activity of cement radionuclide
The coarse aggregate has a grain diameter of 2.36-25.0 mm, and is continuously graded quartz stone, and the upper limit value of the radionuclide specific activity of the coarse aggregate is as follows:
table 2: upper limit of specific activity of radioactive nuclide of quartz stone
The fine aggregate is quartz sand with the grain diameter of 0.18 mm-2.36 mm and continuous gradation, and the upper limit value of the radionuclide specific activity of the fine aggregate is as follows:
table 3: upper limit of radioactive nuclide ratio of quartz sand
The upper limit value of the specific activity of the radionuclide of the water reducing agent is as follows:
table 4: the radionuclide ratio upper limit value of the water reducing agent
The grading and screening ratio of the quartz sand in the fine aggregate is as follows:
table 5: grading and sieving ratio of quartz sand
The quartz stone grading sieve ratio in the coarse aggregate is as follows:
table 6: grading and sieving ratio of quartz stone
The water separation drinking water;
the water reducing agent is a RSW-02D polycarboxylic acid composite water reducing agent.
2. A method of making the low background value concrete of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, calculating the mass of each component according to the total mass of the prepared concrete;
step two, adding coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement into the concrete mixer according to the calculated amount;
step three, stirring, and adding half of the calculated total mass of water into the mixture obtained in the step two after the mixture is uniformly stirred;
step four, preparing a water reducing agent solution, and adding the prepared water reducing agent solution into a concrete mixer;
and step five, adding the other half of water into the concrete mixer, and continuously stirring for 90-105 s.
3. The method of preparing a low background value concrete according to claim 2, wherein: and D, sequentially feeding the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate and the cement in the step II according to the sequence of firstly adding the quartz stone, then adding the cement and then adding the quartz sand.
4. The method of preparing a low background value concrete according to claim 2, wherein: in the water reducing agent solution prepared in the fourth step, the ratio of the water reducing agent to the water is 2 times of the ratio of the water reducing agent to the water in the low background value concrete per cubic meter.
5. The method of preparing a low background value concrete according to claim 2, wherein: the concrete mixer adopts a concrete forced single horizontal shaft concrete mixer or a mixer for a concrete production line of a concrete mixing plant.
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| CN102898081A (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2013-01-30 | 中国核工业华兴建设有限公司 | Concrete for ray protection structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN106340335A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-01-18 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Low-background laboratory shielding structure |
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| CN102898081A (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2013-01-30 | 中国核工业华兴建设有限公司 | Concrete for ray protection structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN106340335A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-01-18 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Low-background laboratory shielding structure |
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| 低本底实验室设计;焦保良等;《核技术》;20130228;第36卷(第2期);表1建材中的放射性核素含量 * |
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