CN107719630A - A layered gas sweating nose cone - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a laminated gas sweating nose cone which comprises a laminated gas sweating nose cone structure and a gas generator, wherein the laminated gas sweating nose cone structure comprises a hollow circular base platform, the top surface of the circular base platform is provided with a laminated plate body, the gas generator is arranged in the circular base platform, the laminated plate body is formed by laminating a plurality of circular sweating laminated plates with the radiuses sequentially reduced along with the increase of the height, the centers of the plurality of sweating laminated plates are positioned on the same straight line, and the central circular holes of the plurality of sweating laminated plates are sequentially stacked to form a coolant flow channel. The coolant flow at each position of the sweating nose cone can be reasonably configured according to different cooling requirements indicated by the nose cone, so that the stability of the sweating flow on the heated surface is ensured, and the waste of the coolant is avoided; in addition, the solid medicine gas generator replaces a high-pressure gas storage tank gas supply system, so that the mass and the volume of the system are greatly reduced, and the response speed is improved.

Description

A layered gas sweating nose cone

technical field

The invention relates to an active thermal protection device for cooling the nose cone of a hypersonic aircraft, in particular to a layered gas sweating nose cone using solid medicinal gas as the sweating coolant.

Background technique

When a hypersonic vehicle is working, it will face a harsh aerodynamic heating environment, which will form high heat flow at sharp parts such as the nose cone leading edge and wing leading edge, thereby destroying the leading edge structure. When the flight altitude is 25km, the flight speed reaches Mach 6, the heat flux density on the leading edge nose cone with a radius of only 1~2mm is as high as 4~5MW/m ² , and the wall temperature is as high as 1600~1900K. In order to prevent the nose cone of the aircraft from being burned due to excessive temperature, it is very necessary to take effective thermal protection measures for key parts such as the nose cone of the aircraft. Sweat-cooled thermal protection is an effective way to achieve thermal protection of hypersonic vehicle nose cones and leading-edge devices.

According to the different structure of sweat cooling material, it can be divided into porous material sweat cooling and laminate structure sweat cooling. There are two defects in the application of porous material sweating cooling. First, the lack of fluid control ability due to the randomness of pores in porous materials. Second, the sensitivity of hot spots. When local heating is uneven and overheating occurs, it cannot To prevent the expansion of the overheating zone, the laminate structure can well overcome the above defects. The laminate structure is formed by a large number of metal sheets through diffusion welding technology to form an overall configuration, and the metal sheets are engraved with a large number of coolant channels as required by advanced forming technologies such as chemical engraving or laser engraving. Since the flow channel can be artificially controlled, the flow of coolant can be accurately distributed according to the distribution of heat flow. On the other hand, through artificial design, the flow distribution structure is kept away from the heat-affected zone to avoid the appearance of hot spots. The patent application number is 201310112295.7. The invention patent application "a combined cooling nose cone with laminated sweating and reverse spraying" is a spherical laminated body formed by interlacing two kinds of laminates, and the distributed slit nozzles of the laminated structure generate multiple The high-speed jet air flow in the layer state, using the good flow channel configuration of the layer plate itself, overcomes the defect of local overheating in the general porous material sweating cooling structure, and achieves the purpose of reusable heating parts, and the top of the nose cone The reverse jet flow is used for cooling, which strengthens the cooling effect in the stagnation area. However, because this patent needs to provide coolant for reverse spraying and sweating at the same time, it needs to configure two sets of coolant supply systems, and the supply of coolant itself is a problem.

Coolant supply is a key issue in sweat cooling. In order to better meet the flight quality and size requirements of hypersonic vehicles, the supply system should have the characteristics of small size and light weight. Secondly, the response speed and stability of the supply system should meet the requirements of the thermal protection system. A conventional gas supply system is generally composed of a high-pressure gas storage tank, an air release valve, a pressure-relief gas storage tank, a voltage stabilizing component, a solenoid valve, a spout, and connectors. The high-pressure gas is released into the slow-pressure gas storage tank through the air release valve, and after the decompression and pressure stabilization of the pressure-stabilizing component, the solenoid valve is opened after the control system gives instructions, and the gas is ejected through the nozzle. However, the conventional gas supply system is equipped with a high-pressure gas storage device with a large mass, which is difficult to apply to the aircraft, and the gas is stored in a high-pressure gas storage tank, so it is difficult to avoid gas leakage.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laminated gas sweating nose cone structure for solid medicine gas sweating, which uses solid medicine gas as the sweating coolant to achieve reasonable distribution of coolant flow, avoid coolant waste, and solve the gas supply system at the same time The problem of heavy weight and large space occupation.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a layered gas sweating nose cone, including a layered nose cone structure and a gas generator, the layered nose cone structure includes a hollow circular base, The top surface of the circular bottom platform is provided with a laminated body, and the gas generator is installed in the circular bottom platform. The circular sweating laminates are superimposed, the centers of the multiple sweating laminates are located on the same straight line, and the central holes of the multiple sweating laminates are stacked in sequence to form a coolant flow channel; each of the sweating laminates The surface is engraved with N flow channels radially distributed along the sweating laminate, and the N flow channels are evenly distributed; every M sweating laminates constitute a laminate stacking cycle, and the next sweating laminate and the previous sweating laminate The staggered angle between adjacent runners is ;

Wherein, N and M are both positive integers.

A laminate stacking period refers to the number of sweating laminates required for the corresponding flow channel to return to the initial position when the sweating laminates rotate in a certain direction one by one.

Preferably, the inner diameter of the sweating layer decreases as the distance from the apex decreases, so that the diameter of the coolant channel gradually decreases from the inside to the outside.

Further, the gas generator includes a shell that matches the circular base and has an opening on one side, and an igniter. An outlet end cover is provided on the opening side, and a hole communicating with the coolant flow channel is opened on the outlet end cover; A gas treatment layer parallel to the sweating layer is arranged inside the casing, the gas treatment layer separates the casing into a pressure buffer chamber and a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is filled with a gas generating agent, and the igniter extends from the axis of the end of the casing. into the top of the combustion chamber.

The gas treatment layer is composed of 2-3 layers of microporous filter nets, and the pore diameter of the microporous filter nets is 50-300 μm. Preferably, the pore diameter is 50-150 μm.

Further, the gas generating agent is composed of a gas generating agent, a binder, a cooling agent and a performance regulator. The gas generating agent should be a solid drug with low combustion temperature, stable combustion, controllable combustion rate and less residue.

Further, the gas generating agent is based on a double-base propellant NC/NG and an auxiliary plasticizer FZ, and an appropriate amount of speed-reducing and temperature-reducing agent is added, of which NC/NG/FZ accounts for about 65%. Agents accounted for about 35%.

Further, 8 flow channels are provided on the sweating layer, and the included angle between adjacent flow channels is 45°.

Further, every 4 sweating laminates constitute a laminate stacking cycle, and the angle between adjacent flow channels of adjacent sweating laminates is 11.25°.

Further, the width of the flow channel gradually increases from the inside to the outside.

When the general mechanical microporous and porous materials have local overheating on the heating surface, due to the thermal expansion of the local skeleton, the flow resistance of the sweating working fluid will increase, the local sweating flow will decrease, and the expansion and deterioration of the local overheating area will appear. . However, with this structure, since the flow channel is narrow inside and wide outside, the flow resistance is mainly concentrated in the inner narrow flow channel area. When the surface is locally overheated, the local resistance increases, but due to the increased resistance Relative to the overall resistance of the flow channel, the specific gravity is very small, so it will not cause changes in the flow rate, thereby avoiding the appearance of hot spots.

Further, the depth of the flow channel is 0.4-0.5 mm, and the closer to the bottom of the laminated body, the smaller the depth of the flow channel (that is, the recessed depth of the flow channel on the surface of the sweating laminate).

Further, the thickness of the circular sweating laminate is 0.5-1 mm, preferably, the closer to the top of the stacked laminate, the thinner the thickness of the sweating laminate. .

Further, the top of the laminated body is provided with an arc-shaped top cover, and a circular perspiration hole is opened in the center of the top cover.

The ratio of the outlet area of the flow channel to the outer surface area of the sweating layer increases as the distance from the apex decreases, so as to ensure that a larger coolant flow can be provided in the high heat flow area near the apex.

When working, the igniter ignites the gas generating agent, the gas generating agent burns rapidly, and the gas generated passes through the gas treatment layer to filter out the combustion residue on the one hand and physically cool the gas on the other hand to obtain residue-free gas. The gas enters the hollow structure inside the laminate stack through the outlet of the gas generator, and finally flows out from the surface of the nose cone through the flow channel inside the laminate to realize the thermal protection function of the nose cone.

The present invention combines laminated sweating technology with gas generator solid medicine gas supply technology, and proposes a new laminated gas sweating nose cone, which is different from the previous high-pressure gas storage tank gas supply, but generates solid medicine by burning solid medicine. The gas is used as the source of sweating, and the distributed slit nozzle of the laminate structure generates multi-layer high-speed jet airflow to realize the protection of the heating surface of the nose cone.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) Utilizing the advantage of flexible design of the internal flow channel of the sweating layer structure, the flow channel configuration of different sweating layers can be precisely controlled, so that the resistance of the flow channel changes with the position of the sweating layer, thereby controlling the flow of different layers. The flow rate of the plate meets the cooling needs of different positions on the surface of the nose cone, and ensures the stability of the sweating flow on the heated surface. The laminate structure can not only overcome the defect of local overheating caused by the perspiration cooling of porous materials, but also realize the reasonable distribution of coolant flow and avoid the waste of coolant.

(2) The gas supply system of the high-pressure gas storage tank is replaced by a solid medicine gas generator, which greatly reduces the quality of the gas supply system; the gas generator is directly connected to the laminate structure, saving the space occupied by the system; and the system responds quickly and has no leakage risk.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a layered gas sweating nose cone of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a layered gas sweating nose cone of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a laminated nose cone structure of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a sweating laminate according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a stacking method of a perspiration laminate according to the present invention.

detailed description

Figures 1 to 5 show the relevant structure of a laminated gas sweating nose cone of the present invention, specifically, the sweating nose cone includes a laminated nose cone structure 1 and a gas generator 2, and the laminated nose cone structure 1 includes a hollow circular bottom platform 11, the top surface of the circular bottom platform 11 is provided with a laminated body 12, the gas generator 2 is installed in the circular bottom platform 11, and the laminated body 12 It is composed of a plurality of annular sweating laminates 15 whose radii decrease sequentially with increasing height and rotate coaxially and interlacedly superimposed. The central circular holes of the multiple sweating laminates 15 are stacked in sequence to form a coolant flow channel 17; the sweating The surface of the laminate 15 is engraved with 8 flow channels 16 radially distributed along the sweating laminate, and the 8 flow channels 16 are evenly distributed along the center of the sweating laminate 15; every 4 sweating laminates 15 form a stack of laminates Period, the angle between the adjacent runners 16 of two adjacent sweating laminates is 11.25°.

Wherein, the gas generator 2 includes a casing 23 and an igniter 21 that match the circular base 11 and have an opening on one side, and an outlet end cover 27 is provided on the opening side, and a coolant flow channel is opened on the outlet end cover 27. 17 connected holes; the shell 23 is provided with a gas treatment layer 25 parallel to the sweating laminate 15, and the gas treatment layer 25 separates the shell 23 into a pressure buffer chamber 26 and a combustion chamber 24, and the combustion chamber 24 is filled with gas The generator, the igniter 21 protrudes from the shaft center of the end of the shell 23 to the top of the combustion chamber 24 . Preferably, the outlet end cover and the cylindrical shell are designed as an integrated structure, and the outlet end cover 27 and the cylindrical shell 22 are connected by welding. Preferably, the igniter 21 adopts a general-purpose electric igniter, and is inserted into the top of the combustion chamber through the bolt 22 connection from the axial center of the end of the cylinder shell to ignite, so that the gas generating agent in the combustion chamber can be burned in layers along the axial direction as much as possible.

The gas treatment layer 25 is composed of three layers of microporous filter nets, and the pore size of the microporous filter nets is 100 μm.

The combustion chamber 24 is filled with a pyrotechnic gas generating agent, and the gas generating agent is preferably a propellant with a low burning rate and a low burning temperature. The gas generating agent is based on double-base propellant NC/NG and auxiliary plasticizer FZ, and an appropriate amount of speed-reducing and temperature-reducing agent is added, of which NC/NG/FZ accounts for about 65%, and the rate-reducing and temperature-reducing agent accounts for about 65%. About 35%.

The included angle between adjacent flow channels 16 on the perspiration layer 15 is 45°; the width of the flow channels 16 gradually increases from inside to outside. Both the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the perspiration layer 15 decrease as the distance from the apex decreases.

The depth of the flow channel 16 is 0.4-0.5 mm; the thickness of the circular sweating layer 15 is 0.5-1 mm.

The top of the laminated body 12 is provided with an arc-shaped top cover 13 , and a circular perspiration hole 14 is opened in the center of the top cover 13 .

Claims (10)

1. A laminated gas sweating nose cone, comprising a laminated nose cone structure (1) and a gas generator (2), the laminated nose cone structure (1) includes a hollow circular base (11), the The top surface of the circular base (11) is provided with a laminated body (12), the gas generator (2) is installed in the circular base (11), and it is characterized in that the laminated body (12) It is composed of a plurality of circular sweating layers (15) whose radii decrease as the height increases, the centers of the multiple sweating layers (15) are located on the same straight line, and the sweating layers The central circular holes of the plates (15) are stacked in turn to form the coolant flow channel (17); each sweating layer (15) surface is engraved with N flow channels (16) distributed radially along the sweating layer, the N runners (16) are evenly distributed; every M pieces of sweating laminates (15) constitute a laminate stacking cycle, and the staggered angle between the next sweating laminate and the adjacent runners (16) of the previous sweating laminate for ; Wherein, N and M are both positive integers. 2. The laminated gas sweating nose cone according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas generator (2) includes a shell (23) that matches the circular base (11) and has an opening on one side and an igniter (21), the opening side is provided with an outlet end cover (27), and a hole communicating with the coolant flow channel (17) is opened on the outlet end cover (27); (15) parallel gas treatment layer (25), the gas treatment layer (25) separates the shell (23) into a pressure buffer chamber (26) and a combustion chamber (24), and the combustion chamber (24) is filled with a gas generating agent , the igniter (21) protrudes from the shaft center at the end of the casing (23) to the top of the combustion chamber (24). 3. The laminated gas sweating nose cone according to claim 2, characterized in that, the gas treatment layer (25) is composed of 2~3 layers of microporous filter, and the pore diameter of the microporous filter is 50~300 μm . 4. The laminated gas sweating nose cone according to claim 2, characterized in that the gas generating agent is based on double-base propellant NC/NG and auxiliary plasticizer FZ, and then an appropriate amount of speed reduction and temperature reduction is added. Agents, of which NC/NG/FZ accounted for about 65%, and cooling agents accounted for about 35%. 5. The layered gas sweating nose cone according to claim 1, characterized in that, the sweating layer (15) is provided with 8 flow channels (16), and the included angle between adjacent flow channels (16) is 45°. 6. The laminated gas sweating nose cone according to claim 5, characterized in that, every 4 sweating laminates (15) constitute a laminate stacking cycle, and the adjacent runners between adjacent sweating laminates The included angle is 11.25°. 7. The laminated gas sweating nose cone according to claim 1, characterized in that, the width of the flow channel (16) gradually increases from inside to outside. 8. The laminate type gas sweating nose cone according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the depth of the flow channel (16) is 0.4-0.5 mm. 9. The laminate type gas sweating nose cone according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the thickness of the circular sweating laminate (15) is 0.5-1 mm. 10. The laminated gas sweating nose cone according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, the top of the laminated body (12) is provided with an arc-shaped top cover (13), and the top cover The center of (13) is provided with circular perspiration hole (14).