CN107710508B - Phased array system and beam scanning method - Google Patents

Phased array system and beam scanning method Download PDF

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CN107710508B
CN107710508B CN201580081058.6A CN201580081058A CN107710508B CN 107710508 B CN107710508 B CN 107710508B CN 201580081058 A CN201580081058 A CN 201580081058A CN 107710508 B CN107710508 B CN 107710508B
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wave antenna
traveling
radio frequency
phased array
array system
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CN107710508A (en
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�龙昊
汤富生
骆彦行
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters

Abstract

A phased array system and a beam scanning method, wherein the phased array system comprises: at least two parallel arranged travelling wave antennas (21), each travelling wave antenna (21) comprising at least two antenna elements (22) connected in sequence; the first end (23) of each traveling wave antenna (21) is connected with a corresponding first radio frequency channel (20), the first end (23) of each traveling wave antenna (21) is connected with a signal processing module (24) of the phased array system through the corresponding first radio frequency channel (20), and the phase and/or amplitude of a signal input into the traveling wave antenna (21) from the first end (23) by the signal processing module (24) can be adjusted by adjusting the configuration of the first radio frequency channel (20). The phased array system and the beam scanning method reduce the requirement on the number of radio frequency channels on the basis of realizing space beam scanning, thereby reducing the complexity and the cost of the phased array system.

Description

Phased array system and beam scanning method
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to an antenna technology, in particular to a phased array system and a beam scanning method.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology, the requirements of wireless communication systems on antenna performance are higher and higher, and array antenna systems have been increasingly applied to wireless communication systems due to the ability to perform electrical scanning of antenna beams in space.
The array antenna system is formed by arranging a plurality of antenna units according to a certain rule. The phased array system is an array antenna system capable of adjusting the phase and/or amplitude of each antenna unit, and the direction change of an antenna beam in space can be realized by adjusting the phase and/or amplitude of signals input to each antenna unit of the phased array system, so that the phased array system and a control algorithm are combined to realize the automatic alignment of the antenna beam and the automatic tracking of the beam when the antenna shakes. Therefore, the phased array system is used as the antenna of the communication equipment, the deployment time and cost can be greatly reduced, and the phased array system also has the advantages of wind resistance, shaking resistance and the like, and can be installed in places such as a street holding pole with poor stability conditions.
In a conventional phased array system, each antenna unit is an independent channel, and in order to implement two-dimensional beam scanning in both horizontal and vertical directions, a corresponding radio frequency channel is required to be configured for each antenna unit, and each radio frequency channel usually includes a phase shifter and/or a variable gain amplifier. Generally, the antenna elements are spaced apart by one-half wavelength to avoid grating lobes, and for an array system having m × n antenna elements, m × n radio frequency channels are required, but the larger number of radio frequency channels results in a complex phased array system with higher power consumption and cost.
The number of radio frequency channels can be reduced by using the antenna units with increased gains, the number of phase shifters can be reduced, and the complexity of a phased array system can be reduced. However, the distance between the antenna units with increased gain is also increased, which causes grating lobes in the phased array system, and thus cannot meet the application requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a phased array system and a beam scanning method, which reduce the requirement on the number of radio frequency channels on the basis of meeting the requirement of application on an antenna directional diagram of the phased array system, thereby reducing the complexity and the cost of the phased array system.
A first aspect provides a phased array system comprising:
at least two parallel arranged travelling wave antennas, each travelling wave antenna comprising at least two antenna units connected in sequence;
the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a corresponding first radio frequency channel, the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a signal processing module of the phased array system through the corresponding first radio frequency channel, and the phase and/or amplitude of a signal input into the traveling wave antenna from the first end of the signal processing module can be adjusted by adjusting the configuration of the first radio frequency channel.
With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the first radio frequency channel includes a first phase shifter and/or a first variable gain amplifier;
the phase of the signal input into the traveling wave antenna from the first end by the signal processing module can be adjusted by adjusting the configuration of the first phase shifter;
the amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module from the first end to the traveling-wave antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the configuration of the first variable-gain amplifier.
With reference to the first aspect or any one of the first possible implementation manners of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a second end of each traveling-wave antenna is connected to a second radio frequency channel, the second end of each traveling-wave antenna is connected to the signal processing module through the corresponding second radio frequency channel, and a configuration of the second radio frequency channel is adjusted to adjust a phase and/or an amplitude of a signal input from the second end to the traveling-wave antenna by the signal processing module.
With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the second radio frequency channel includes a second phase shifter and/or a second variable gain amplifier;
the phase of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the second end by the signal processing module can be adjusted by adjusting the configuration of the second phase shifter;
the amplitude of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the second end by the signal processing module can be adjusted by adjusting the configuration of the second variable gain amplifier.
With reference to any one possible implementation manner of the first aspect to the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the phased array system further includes a beam control module, where the beam control module is connected to each of the first radio frequency channels;
the beam control module can adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input into the traveling-wave antenna from the first end by the signal processing module by adjusting the configuration of the first radio frequency channel.
With reference to the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the beam control module is connected to each of the second radio frequency channels;
the beam control module can adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input into the traveling wave antenna from the second end by controlling the configuration of the second radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling wave antenna.
With reference to any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect to the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an interval between at least two antenna elements of each traveling-wave antenna is smaller than an operating wavelength of the phased array system.
With reference to any one possible implementation manner of the first aspect to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, an interval between the at least two traveling-wave antennas is smaller than an operating wavelength of the phased array system.
A second aspect provides a beam scanning method for implementing beam scanning of a phased array system, the phased array system comprising at least two parallel arranged travelling wave antennas, each travelling wave antenna comprising at least two antenna elements connected in sequence; the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a first radio frequency channel, and the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a signal processing module of the phased array system through the corresponding first radio frequency channel;
the method comprises the following steps:
controlling the first radio frequency channels corresponding to each of the traveling wave antennas to cause the first radio frequency channels to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module to the traveling wave antenna from the first end so that the beam of the phased array system is directed in a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling wave antenna.
With reference to the second aspect, in a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the first radio frequency channel includes a first phase shifter and/or a first variable gain amplifier;
the controlling the first radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling-wave antenna to enable the first radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the first end to the traveling-wave antenna by the signal processing module, so as to enable the beam of the phased array system to point to a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling-wave antenna specifically includes:
controlling the first phase shifter corresponding to each traveling wave antenna to cause the first phase shifter to adjust the phase of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the first end by the signal processing module to direct the beam of the phased array system in a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling wave antenna; and/or
Controlling the first variable gain amplifier corresponding to each of the traveling wave antennas to cause the first variable gain amplifier to adjust the amplitude of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the first end by the signal processing module to direct the beam of the phased array system in a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling wave antenna.
With reference to the second aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, a second end of each traveling-wave antenna is connected to a second radio frequency channel, and the second end of each traveling-wave antenna is connected to the signal processing module through the corresponding second radio frequency channel;
the method further comprises the following steps:
controlling the second radio frequency channels corresponding to each of the traveling wave antennas to cause the second radio frequency channels to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module into the traveling wave antenna from the second end to direct the beam of the phased array system in a desired direction in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling wave antenna;
the phase and/or amplitude difference of the first and second ends of each travelling wave antenna is used to steer the beam of the phased array system in a dimension parallel to the direction of the travelling wave antenna towards a desired direction.
With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a third possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the second radio frequency channel includes a second phase shifter and/or a second variable gain amplifier;
the controlling the second radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling-wave antenna to enable the second radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the second end to the traveling-wave antenna by the signal processing module, so as to enable the beam of the phased array system to point to a desired direction in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling-wave antenna specifically includes:
controlling the second phase shifter corresponding to each traveling wave antenna to cause the second phase shifter to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the second end by the signal processing module to direct the beam of the phased array system in a desired direction in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling wave antenna; and/or
Controlling the second variable gain amplifier corresponding to each of the traveling wave antennas to cause the second variable gain amplifier to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the second end by the signal processing module to direct the beam of the phased array system in a desired direction in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling wave antenna.
A third aspect provides a beam scanning method for implementing beam scanning of a phased array system, the phased array system including at least two parallel arranged travelling wave antennas, each travelling wave antenna including at least two antenna elements connected in sequence; the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a first radio frequency channel, and the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a signal processing module of the phased array system through the corresponding first radio frequency channel; the second end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a second radio frequency channel, and the second end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with the signal processing module through the corresponding second radio frequency channel;
the method comprises the following steps:
controlling the first and second radio frequency channels corresponding to each of the traveling wave antennas, causing the first radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module to the traveling wave antenna from the first end, and causing the second radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module to the traveling wave antenna from the second end, so as to direct the beam of the phased array system in a desired direction;
wherein the phase difference and/or amplitude difference between the first ends of the respective travelling wave antennas or the phase difference and/or amplitude difference between the second ends of the respective travelling wave antennas is used to control the pointing direction of the beams of the phased array system in the dimension perpendicular to the direction of the travelling wave antennas; the phase and/or amplitude difference between the first and second ends of each travelling wave antenna is used to control the pointing of the beam of the phased array system in a dimension parallel to the direction of the travelling wave antenna.
According to the phased array system and the beam scanning method provided by the embodiment of the invention, at least two traveling wave antennas which are arranged in parallel are arranged, each traveling wave antenna comprises at least two antenna units which are connected in sequence, the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with the first radio frequency channel, and the traveling wave antennas are connected with the signal processing module through the first radio frequency channel, so that the phased array system reduces the requirement on the number of the radio frequency channels on the basis of realizing beam scanning, and the complexity and the cost of the phased array system are reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional phased array system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a phased array system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a phased array system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of a phased array system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of a phased array system according to the present invention;
FIG. 6A is a schematic representation of the results of a horizontal scan simulation of the phased array system of FIG. 5;
FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram of the results of a vertical scan simulation of the phased array system of FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of a beam scanning method according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a second beam scanning method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a flowchart of a beam scanning method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional phased array system. As shown in fig. 1, the conventional phased array system includes m × n antenna elements EmnEach antenna element EmnAre respectively connected with a corresponding radio frequency channel CmnFeed for phased array systemsThe electrical ports pass through the radio frequency channels C respectivelymnAnd each antenna unit EmnAnd (4) connecting. Each antenna unit EmnSpaced apart by one-half of the operating wavelength of the array antenna.
In the phased array system shown in fig. 1, each antenna element EmnAll correspond to an independent radio frequency channel CmnFor each radio frequency channel CmnConfiguring an antenna element EmnCorresponding phase shifter PmnVGA (variable gain amplifier)mn(further, an amplifier A may be includedmn). Wherein the phase shifter PmnFor adjusting the input antenna element EmnOf a phase, variable gain amplifier VGAmnFor adjusting the input antenna element EmnAmplitude of (A), amplifier AmnFor further amplifying the input antenna element EmnThe signal amplitude of (a). Thus, by adjusting the phase shifters PmnOf a phase and/or variable gain amplifier VGAmnTo achieve beam scanning of the phased array system. However, since each antenna element EmnAre all connected with an independent radio frequency channel CmnResulting in higher complexity and higher cost of the overall phased array system.
In order to reduce the complexity and cost of the phased array system, the phased array system can be configured with antenna units with larger gain, so that the number of the antenna units of the phased array system can be reduced, the number of antenna channels is reduced, and the purpose of reducing the complexity and cost of the phased array system is achieved. However, after the antenna elements with larger gain are used, the distance between the antenna elements is increased, which causes the grating lobe and the side lobe of the directional pattern of the whole phased array system to be too high, thereby reducing the performance of the phased array system and causing the directional pattern not to meet the application requirement.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a phased array system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the phased array system of this embodiment includes: at least two parallel arranged travelling wave antennas 21, each travelling wave antenna 21 comprising at least two antenna elements 22 connected in sequence. The first end 23 of each traveling wave antenna 21 is connected to the first radio frequency channel 20, and the first end 23 of each traveling wave antenna 21 is connected to the signal processing module 24 of the phased array system through the first radio frequency channel 20. The signal processing module 24 includes a processing unit such as a modulation and demodulation unit, and is configured to synthesize and convert signals received by each line wave antenna 21 into baseband signals, or convert the baseband signals into radio frequency signals and distribute the radio frequency signals to each line wave antenna 21. The phase and/or amplitude of the signal input into the travelling-wave antenna 21 from the first end 23 by the signal processing module 24 can be adjusted by adjusting the configuration of the first radio frequency channel 20. The travelling wave antenna 21 further comprises a second end 25.
The most basic travelling-wave antenna elements 22 making up the phased array system shown in fig. 2 may be various forms of basic antenna elements, such as microstrip antennas, slot antennas, dipole antennas, waveguide antennas, etc. At least two antenna units 22 are arranged together on a transmission line along the transmission line direction and are connected in sequence to form a traveling-wave antenna 21, a part of signals are coupled to the antenna units 22 to be radiated during the transmission process of electromagnetic signals along the transmission line direction, the rest signals are continuously transmitted along the transmission line direction, the signals radiated from the plurality of antenna units 22 are spatially combined to form a beam, wherein the amplitude of the signal distributed on each antenna unit 22 is expressed as:
Figure BDA0001515199000000051
where n denotes the number of antenna elements 22 on a travelling-wave antenna 21, anRepresenting the signal amplitude, S, of the nth antenna element 22 of a travelling-wave antenna 21 from the first port 2321And i denotes the transfer function across the single antenna element 22 in the direction from the first end 23 to the second end 25. S can be realized by adjusting the distance between the antenna units 22 of each line wave antenna 21 and the parameters of the antenna units 2221I, so as to realize the distribution of energy along the traveling-wave antenna 21, so that only a small part of the feed signal of the first end 23 of the traveling-wave antenna 21 reaches the opposite end, and most of the signal is radiated out through the antenna unit, thereby ensuring the radiation efficiency of the traveling-wave antenna 21.
The first rf path 20 includes a phase shift unit and/or an amplitude adjustment unit, wherein the phase shift unit is used for adjusting the phase and the amplitude adjustment unit is used for adjusting the amplitude, and the phase and/or the amplitude of the signal input from the first end 23 to the traveling-wave antenna 21 by the signal processing module 24 can be adjusted by adjusting the configuration of the phase shift unit and/or the amplitude adjustment unit. In the present embodiment, the first phase shifter 26 is used as a phase shift unit, and the first variable gain amplifier 27 and the first power amplifier 28 are used as an amplitude adjustment unit. Note that the first power amplifier 28 is provided for further amplifying the signal, and is not necessarily provided.
The first phase shifter 26 is used to adjust the phase of the signal input from the first end 23 to the traveling-wave antenna 21 by the signal processing module 24. For each traveling-wave antenna 21, the phase difference between the first ends 23 of each traveling-wave antenna 21 in the phased-array system can be adjusted by adjusting the parameters (i.e., phase shift values) of the first phase shifters 26, thereby adjusting the radiation beam angle in the direction dimension perpendicular to the traveling-wave antenna 21.
Optionally, at the first end 23 of each traveling-wave antenna 21, a first variable gain amplifier 27 may be further connected, the first variable gain amplifier 27 being configured to adjust the amplitude of the signal input from the first end 23 to the traveling-wave antenna 21 by the signal processing module 24. By adjusting the parameters of the first variable gain amplifier 27, i.e. the amplification gain, the amplitude of the signal fed from the first terminal 23 to each antenna element 22 of the travelling-wave antenna 21 can be adjusted. Further, a first amplifier 28 may also be connected at the first end 23 of each travelling-wave antenna 21. The first amplifier 28 is typically a power amplifier, and since the signal input to the travelling-wave antenna 21 at the first end 23 is typically small, the first amplifier 28 may be arranged in order to enable the travelling-wave antenna 21 to radiate the signal better into space. The radiation beam angle in the direction dimension perpendicular to the travelling wave antenna 21 can also be adjusted by adjusting the amplitude difference between the first ends 23 of each travelling wave antenna 21 in the phased array system. The first phase shifter 26 and the first variable gain amplifier 27 (first amplifier 28) may also be set simultaneously, i.e., the phase and amplitude are adjusted simultaneously.
The first phase shifter 26, the first variable gain amplifier 27 and the first amplifier 28 together constitute the first radio frequency path 20 of the travelling wave antenna 21. Each travelling wave antenna 21 has a corresponding first radio frequency channel 20.
At least two travelling wave antennas 21 are arranged in parallel to form a phased array system, and a first end 23 of each travelling wave antenna 21 is connected with a signal processing module 24 of the phased array system through a first radio frequency channel 20. The first rf channel 20 performs phase and/or amplitude conversion of the signal between the traveling-wave antenna 21 and the signal processing module 24.
The directional diagrams of the radiated signals of the row wave antennas 21 are synthesized to form the directional diagrams of the whole phased array system. By adjusting parameters of the first phase shifter 26 and/or the first variable gain amplifier 27 connected to each traveling-wave antenna 21, a phase difference between the traveling-wave antennas 21 can be changed, and a radiation beam angle of the phased array system in a direction dimension perpendicular to each traveling-wave antenna 21, that is, a vertical beam angle of the phased array system can be adjusted, thereby realizing vertical direction scanning of a beam.
Since the phased array system provided by this embodiment only sets the first rf channel 20 at the first end 23 of each traveling-wave antenna 21 on the basis of implementing the scanning in the vertical direction of the spatial beam, the phased array system provided by this embodiment does not need to configure one rf channel for each antenna unit 22, thereby reducing the number of rf channels. In addition, in the phased array system provided by the present embodiment, the basic antenna element 22 is used as the radiation element, and an antenna element with a larger gain is not used, so that the directional pattern of the phased array system is not affected. If the number of the antenna units 22 in the phased array system provided in this embodiment is m × n, which is the same as that of the phased array system shown in fig. 1, the phased array system provided in this embodiment can implement the spatial beam vertical direction scanning of the phased array system only by using m radio frequency channels, thereby greatly reducing the number of the radio frequency channels.
The phased array system provided by this embodiment, by setting at least two traveling wave antenna columns arranged in parallel, where each traveling wave antenna includes at least two antenna units connected in sequence, and connects a first radio frequency channel at a first end of each traveling wave antenna, and connects to the signal processing module through the first radio frequency channel, the phased array system reduces the requirement for the number of radio frequency channels on the basis of realizing beam scanning, thereby reducing the complexity and cost of the phased array system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the phased array system according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the phased array system of this embodiment further includes a beam control module 31 based on the phased array system shown in fig. 2, a first end of the beam control module 31 is connected to the signal processing module 24, and a second end of the beam control module 31 is connected to each of the first rf channels 20. The beam control module 31 includes a wave-arrival estimation module for determining a wave-arrival direction and a beam configuration module for adjusting the phase and/or amplitude of the input signal of the traveling-wave antenna 21. Here, the beam configuration module 31 implements adjusting the phase and/or amplitude of the input signal of the traveling-wave antenna 21 by configuring the parameters of the first phase shifter 26 and/or the first variable gain amplifier 27 of each first radio frequency channel 20.
The beam control module 31 is configured to control the first rf path 20 corresponding to each of the traveling-wave antennas 21, so that the first rf path 20 adjusts the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the first end 23 to the traveling-wave antenna 21 by the signal processing module 24.
That is, the beam control module 31 is configured to control the beam pointing direction of the array antenna, and the beam control module 31 obtains the current wave direction information through the wave estimation module as a basis for adjusting the phase and the amplitude, and adjusts the phase shift unit and/or the amplitude adjustment unit of the first rf channel 20 of each traveling-wave antenna 21 through the beam configuration module to control the phase and/or the amplitude.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the phased array system according to the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the second end 25 of each traveling-wave antenna 21 is further connected to a second rf channel 40 based on the phased array system shown in fig. 3. The second end 25 of each traveling-wave antenna 21 is connected to the signal processing module 24 of the phased array system by a corresponding second radio frequency channel 40. The signal processing module 24 includes a processing unit such as a modulation and demodulation unit, and is configured to synthesize and convert signals received by each line wave antenna 21 into baseband signals, or convert the baseband signals into radio frequency signals and distribute the radio frequency signals to each line wave antenna 21. The beam control module 31 includes a wave-arrival estimation module for determining a wave-arrival direction and a beam configuration module for adjusting the phase and/or amplitude of the input signal of the traveling-wave antenna 21. The phase and/or amplitude of the signal input into the traveling-wave antenna 21 from the second end 25 by the signal processing module 24 can be adjusted by adjusting the configuration of the second radio frequency channel 40.
The second rf path 40 comprises a phase shifting unit and/or an amplitude adjusting unit, wherein the phase shifting unit is used for adjusting the phase and the amplitude adjusting unit is used for adjusting the amplitude, and the phase and/or the amplitude of the signal input from the second end 25 to the traveling-wave antenna 21 by the signal processing module 24 can be adjusted by adjusting the configuration of the phase shifting unit and/or the amplitude adjusting unit, so that the phase and/or the amplitude of the signal can be adjusted. In the present embodiment, the second phase shifter 42 is used as a phase shift unit, and the second variable gain amplifier 43 and the second power amplifier 44 are used as an amplitude adjustment unit. It should be noted that the second power amplifier 44 is provided for further amplifying the signal, and is not necessarily provided.
The second phase shifter 42 is used to adjust the phase of the signal input by the signal processing module 24 from the second end 25 to the travelling wave antenna 21. The phase difference between the first section 23 and the second end 25 of each traveling-wave antenna 21 in the phased-array system can be adjusted by adjusting the parameters (i.e., phase shift values) of the first phase shifter 26 and the second phase shifter 42 for each traveling-wave antenna 21, thereby adjusting the radiation beam angle in the direction dimension parallel to the traveling-wave antenna 21.
Optionally, at the second end 25 of each travelling-wave antenna 21, a second variable-gain amplifier 43 may also be connected, the second variable-gain amplifier 43 being used for adjusting the amplitude of the signal input into the travelling-wave antenna 21 from the second end 25 by the signal processing module 24. By adjusting the parameters (i.e. amplification gain) of the first variable gain amplifier 27 and the second variable gain amplifier 43, the difference in the amplitude of the signals fed into the antenna elements 22 of the travelling-wave antenna 21 from the first end 23 and the second end 25 can be adjusted. Further, a second amplifier 44 may also be connected at the second end 25 of each travelling-wave antenna 21. The second amplifier 44 is typically a power amplifier, and since the signal input to the travelling-wave antenna 21 at the second end 25 is typically small, the second amplifier 44 may be arranged in order to enable the travelling-wave antenna 21 to radiate the signal better into space. By adjusting the amplitude difference between the first end 23 and the second end 25 of each travelling-wave antenna 21 in the phased array system, the radiation beam angle in the direction dimension parallel to the travelling-wave antenna 21 can also be adjusted. The second phase shifter 42 and the second variable gain amplifier 43 (second amplifier 44) may also be set simultaneously, i.e., the phase and amplitude are adjusted simultaneously.
The second phase shifter 42, the second variable gain amplifier 43 and the second amplifier 44 together constitute a second radio frequency path 40 of the travelling wave antenna 21. Each travelling wave antenna 21 has a corresponding second radio frequency channel 40.
Since radio frequency channels are provided at both the first end 23 and the second end 25 of each traveling-wave antenna 21, the phase and/or amplitude of the signals fed into the traveling-wave antenna 21 from the first end 23 and the second end 25 can be controlled simultaneously. By adjusting the parameters of the first rf channel 20 and the second rf channel 40 connected to each traveling-wave antenna 21, and changing the phase difference and/or the amplitude difference between the first end 23 and the second end 25 of different traveling-wave antennas 21, the radiation beam angle of the signals of the phased array system in the direction dimension parallel to each traveling-wave antenna 21, that is, the horizontal beam angle of the phased array system, can be adjusted, thereby realizing the horizontal direction scanning of the beams.
After the first rf path 20 and the second rf path 40 are configured for each traveling-wave antenna 21, the beam scanning of the phased array system in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, that is, the beam scanning of the phased array system in the space, can be achieved simultaneously by adjusting the parameters of the first phase shifters 26 and/or the first variable gain amplifiers 27, the second phase shifters 42 and/or the second variable gain amplifiers 43.
In the phased array system of the embodiment shown in fig. 4, one first radio channel 20 and one second radio channel 40 are connected to each travelling wave antenna 21, i.e. one travelling wave antenna 21 for each radio channel. The total number of radio frequency channels required for the entire phased array system is twice the number of travelling wave antennas 21. The present embodiment provides a phased array system that uses fewer radio frequency channels than the phased array system of the embodiment shown in fig. 1, so as to reduce the complexity and cost of the phased array system, as long as the number of antenna elements 22 in each traveling wave antenna 21 is greater than two. Generally, in order to make the beam of the phased array system better, the number of the antenna elements 22 in each traveling wave antenna 21 is at least 3, therefore, the phased array system provided by the present embodiment can reduce the complexity and cost of the phased array system on the basis of spatial beam scanning.
Further, in the embodiment shown in fig. 4, a first end of the beam steering module 31 is connected to the signal processing module 24, and a second end of the beam steering module 31 is connected to each of the second rf channels 40.
The beam control module 31 is configured to control the second rf path 40 corresponding to each of the traveling-wave antennas 21, so that the second rf path 40 adjusts the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the second end 25 to the traveling-wave antenna 21 by the signal processing module 24. Here, the beam configuration module 31 implements adjusting the phase and/or amplitude of the input signal of the traveling-wave antenna 21 by configuring the parameters of the second phase shifter 42 and/or the second variable gain amplifier 43 of each second radio frequency channel 40.
That is, the beam control module 31 is configured to control the beam pointing direction of the array antenna, and the beam control module 31 obtains the current wave direction information through the wave estimation module as a basis for adjusting the phase and the amplitude, and adjusts the phase shift unit and/or the amplitude adjustment unit of the first rf channel 20 and the second rf channel 40 of each traveling-wave antenna 21 through the beam configuration module, so as to simultaneously control the phase and/or the amplitude input by the first end 23 and the second end 25 of the traveling-wave antenna 21.
In the embodiments shown in fig. 2 to 4, the at least two antenna elements 22 of each traveling-wave antenna 21 may be spaced at any intervals as long as the radiation pattern of the whole phased array system meets the practical requirement. But the at least two antenna elements 22 of each travelling-wave antenna 21 may also be arranged at equal intervals. The at least two antenna elements 22 of each travelling-wave antenna 21 are equally spaced, which optimizes the radiation pattern of each travelling-wave antenna 21 in a plane parallel to the travelling-wave antenna 21 and thus the radiation pattern of the whole phased-array system. Generally, the interval between two adjacent antenna elements of each traveling-wave antenna 21 needs to be smaller than the operating wavelength of the phased array system. According to the principle of the phased array system, when the interval between the antenna elements 22 is one half of the operating wavelength of the phased array system, the radiation pattern of the phased array system formed by the antenna elements 22 is optimal, so that the interval between at least two antenna elements 22 of each traveling wave antenna 21 can be one half of the operating wavelength of the phased array system.
In addition, for easier control of the directivity pattern of the phased array system, each traveling wave antenna element in each traveling wave antenna array may be the same, i.e., each antenna element in the entire phased array system is the same, which enables the radiation pattern of the entire phased array system to be optimized and easily controlled.
Likewise, the spacing between two adjacent traveling wave antennas 21 may also be less than the operating wavelength of the phased array system. When the interval between two adjacent traveling wave antennas 21 is one half of the operating wavelength of the phased array system, the radiation pattern of the whole phased array system will be optimal.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of a phased array system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 5, the phased array system provided in this embodiment is implemented based on a microstrip antenna, and the phased array system includes 5 traveling-wave antenna arrays, each traveling-wave antenna array includes 5 antenna elements 51, and each antenna element 51 is designed as a microstrip antenna. And a phase shifter is arranged at both ends of each traveling wave antenna array. Let the direction along each traveling-wave antenna array be the horizontal beam direction (and x-direction) of the phased array system, and the direction along the multiple traveling-wave antenna arrays be the vertical beam direction (and y-direction) of the phased array system. Fig. 6A is a schematic diagram of the horizontal scan simulation results of the phased array system shown in fig. 5. Fig. 6B is a schematic diagram of the results of vertical scan simulation of the phased array system of fig. 5.
In fig. 6A, the horizontal patterns of the phased array system shown in fig. 5 for horizontal beam pointing at-18 °, -12 °, -6 °, 0 °, 6 °, 12 °, 18 °, respectively, are curves 52 through 58. In fig. 6B, the vertical patterns of the phased array system shown in fig. 5 are for vertical beam pointing at-12 °, -6 °, 0 °, 6 °, 12 °, respectively, for curves 61 through 65. In fig. 6A and 6B, the ordinate is gain in dB and the abscissa is angle in degrees.
Therefore, the phased array system provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize space beam scanning and reduce the number of radio frequency channels.
Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of a beam scanning method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method of this embodiment is used to implement beam scanning of a phased array system, where the phased array system includes at least two traveling wave antennas arranged in parallel, and each traveling wave antenna includes at least two antenna units connected in sequence; the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a first radio frequency channel, and the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with the signal processing module of the phased array system through the corresponding first radio frequency channel.
The method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
in step S701, a desired beam direction of the phased array system in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling wave antenna is obtained.
Step S702 is to control the first rf channel corresponding to each traveling-wave antenna, so that the first rf channel adjusts the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the first end to the traveling-wave antenna by the signal processing module, so that the beam of the phased array system points to a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling-wave antenna.
The beam scanning method provided in this embodiment is used to control the beam scanning of the phased array system shown in fig. 2 or fig. 3, and the specific scanning method has been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, and is not described here again. The method of the present embodiment may be performed by the beam steering module 31 in the embodiment shown in fig. 3.
Further, in the embodiment shown in fig. 7, the first radio frequency path includes a first phase shifter and/or a first variable gain amplifier;
then step S702 specifically includes: controlling a first phase shifter corresponding to each traveling wave antenna to cause the first phase shifter to adjust a phase of a signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the first end by the signal processing module to cause a beam of the phased array system to point in a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to a direction of the traveling wave antenna; and/or controlling a first variable gain amplifier corresponding to each traveling wave antenna to enable the first variable gain amplifier to adjust the amplitude of the signal input into the traveling wave antenna from the first end by the signal processing module so as to enable the beam perpendicular to the traveling wave antenna direction of the phased array system to point to the expected direction in the dimension perpendicular to the traveling wave antenna direction.
Fig. 8 is a flowchart of a second embodiment of a beam scanning method according to the present invention, where the method of the present embodiment is used to implement beam scanning of a phased array system, and the second end of each traveling-wave antenna is connected to a second radio frequency channel, and the second end of each traveling-wave antenna is connected to a signal processing module through a corresponding second radio frequency channel on the basis of the phased array system in fig. 7.
The method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
in step S801, a desired beam direction of the phased array system is acquired.
Step S802, controlling a first radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling wave antenna, so that the first radio frequency channel adjusts the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the first end to the traveling wave antenna by the signal processing module; and controlling a second radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling wave antenna, so that the second radio frequency channel adjusts the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input into the traveling wave antenna from the second end by the signal processing module. Wherein the phase difference and/or amplitude difference between the first and second ends of each travelling wave antenna is used to control the pointing direction of the beam of the phased array system in a dimension parallel to the direction of the travelling wave antenna, and the phase difference and/or amplitude difference between the travelling wave antennas is used to control the pointing direction of the beam of the phased array system in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the travelling wave antenna.
In the embodiment, the beam angle of the phased array system parallel to the direction of the traveling wave antenna is controlled, and the beam angle of the phased array system perpendicular to the direction of the traveling wave antenna is also controlled, so that beam scanning of the phased array system in the space is realized.
The beam scanning method provided in this embodiment is used to control the beam scanning of the phased array system shown in fig. 4, and the specific scanning method is described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, and is not described here again. The method of this embodiment may be performed by the beam steering module 31 in the embodiment shown in fig. 4.
Further, in the embodiment shown in fig. 8, the second radio frequency path includes a second phase shifter and/or a second variable gain amplifier;
then step S803 specifically includes: controlling a second phase shifter corresponding to each traveling wave antenna to cause the second phase shifter to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the second end by the signal processing module to direct the beam of the phased array system in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling wave antenna in a desired direction; and/or controlling a second variable gain amplifier corresponding to each traveling wave antenna to cause the second variable gain amplifier to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module from the second end to the traveling wave antenna so that the beam of the phased array system is directed in a desired direction in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling wave antenna.
Further, in the embodiment shown in fig. 8, the method further includes: controlling a first radio frequency channel and a second radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling wave antenna, enabling the first radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of a signal input into the traveling wave antenna from a first end by a signal processing module, and enabling the second radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of a signal input into the traveling wave antenna from a second end by the signal processing module, so that a wave beam of the phased array system points to a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling wave antenna; wherein the phase difference and/or amplitude difference between the first ends of the individual travelling wave antennas or the phase difference and/or amplitude difference between the second ends of the individual travelling wave antennas is used to control the pointing direction of the beams of the phased array system in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the travelling wave antennas; the phase and/or amplitude difference between the first and second ends of each travelling wave antenna is used to control the pointing of the beam of the phased array system in a dimension parallel to the direction of the travelling wave antenna. It is worth mentioning that the first rf channel and the second rf channel are usually required to be adjusted simultaneously to control the pointing direction of the beam of the phased array system in the dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling wave antenna, so as to maintain the phase difference and/or amplitude difference of the input signals at the two ends of each traveling wave antenna in the phased array system, so as not to affect the pointing direction of the beam in the dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling wave antenna.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart of a third embodiment of a beam scanning method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method of this embodiment is used to implement beam scanning of a phased array system, where the phased array system includes at least two traveling wave antennas arranged in parallel, and each traveling wave antenna includes at least two antenna units connected in sequence; the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a first radio frequency channel, and the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a signal processing module of the phased array system through the corresponding first radio frequency channel; and the second end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a second radio frequency channel, and the second end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with the signal processing module through the corresponding second radio frequency channel.
The method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step S901 obtains a desired beam direction of the phased array system.
Step S902, controlling the first radio frequency channel and the second radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling-wave antenna, so that the first radio frequency channel adjusts the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the first end to the traveling-wave antenna by the signal processing module, and the second radio frequency channel adjusts the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the second end to the traveling-wave antenna by the signal processing module, so as to direct the beam of the phased array system to a desired direction. Wherein the phase difference and/or amplitude difference between the first ends of the respective travelling wave antennas or the phase difference and/or amplitude difference between the second ends of the respective travelling wave antennas is used to control the pointing direction of the beams of the phased array system in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the travelling wave antennas; the phase and/or amplitude difference between the first and second ends of each travelling wave antenna is used to control the pointing of the beam of the phased array system in a dimension parallel to the direction of the travelling wave antenna.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: it is also possible to modify the solutions described in the previous embodiments or to substitute some or all of them with equivalents. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (11)

1. A phased array system, comprising:
at least two parallel arranged travelling wave antennas, each travelling wave antenna comprising at least two antenna units connected in sequence;
the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a corresponding first radio frequency channel, the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a signal processing module of the phased array system through the corresponding first radio frequency channel, and the phase and/or amplitude of a signal input into the traveling wave antenna from the first end of the signal processing module is adjusted by adjusting the configuration of the first radio frequency channel; adjusting the phase difference and/or amplitude difference between the first ends of all the traveling-wave antennas in the phased array system by adjusting the configuration of the first radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling-wave antenna;
the second end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a second radio frequency channel, the second end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with the signal processing module through the corresponding second radio frequency channel, and the phase and/or amplitude of a signal input into the traveling wave antenna from the second end of the signal processing module is adjusted by adjusting the configuration of the second radio frequency channel; adjusting a phase difference and/or an amplitude difference between a first end and a second end of each of the traveling wave antennas in the phased array system by adjusting a configuration of the first radio frequency channel and the second radio frequency channel corresponding to each of the traveling wave antennas.
2. The phased array system of claim 1, wherein the first radio frequency channel includes a first phase shifter;
adjusting a phase of a signal input by the signal processing module to the traveling-wave antenna from the first end by adjusting a configuration of the first phase shifter; or
The first radio frequency channel comprises a first variable gain amplifier;
adjusting the amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module to the traveling-wave antenna from the first end by adjusting the configuration of the first variable-gain amplifier; or
The first radio frequency path includes a first phase shifter and a first variable gain amplifier;
adjusting the phase of the signal input by the signal processing module to the traveling-wave antenna from the first end by adjusting the configuration of the first phase shifter, and adjusting the amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module to the traveling-wave antenna from the first end by adjusting the configuration of the first variable-gain amplifier.
3. The phased array system of claim 1, wherein the second radio frequency channel includes a second phase shifter;
adjusting the phase of the signal input by the signal processing module to the traveling wave antenna from the second end by adjusting the configuration of the second phase shifter; or
The second radio frequency channel comprises a second variable gain amplifier;
adjusting the amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module from the second end to the traveling-wave antenna by adjusting the configuration of the second variable-gain amplifier; or
The second radio frequency path includes a second phase shifter and a second variable gain amplifier;
adjusting the phase of the signal input by the signal processing module to the traveling wave antenna from the second end by adjusting the configuration of the second phase shifter, and adjusting the amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module to the traveling wave antenna from the second end by adjusting the configuration of the second variable gain amplifier.
4. The phased array system of any of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a beam steering module, said beam steering module being connected to each of said first radio frequency channels;
the beam control module adjusts the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input into the traveling-wave antenna from the first end by the signal processing module by adjusting the configuration of the first radio frequency channel.
5. The phased array system of claim 4, wherein the beam steering module is connected to each of the second radio frequency channels;
the beam control module adjusts the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input into the traveling-wave antenna from the second end by controlling the configuration of the second radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling-wave antenna.
6. A phased array system according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the spacing between at least two antenna elements of each travelling wave antenna is smaller than the operating wavelength of the phased array system.
7. A phased array system according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the spacing between the at least two travelling wave antennas is smaller than the operating wavelength of the phased array system.
8. A beam scanning method for implementing beam scanning of a phased array system, the phased array system comprising at least two travelling wave antennas arranged in parallel, each travelling wave antenna comprising at least two antenna elements connected in sequence; the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a first radio frequency channel, and the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a signal processing module of the phased array system through the corresponding first radio frequency channel;
the method comprises the following steps:
controlling the first radio frequency channels corresponding to each of the traveling wave antennas to cause the first radio frequency channels to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module into the traveling wave antenna from the first end so that the beam of the phased array system is directed in a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling wave antenna;
the second end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a second radio frequency channel, and the second end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with the signal processing module through the corresponding second radio frequency channel;
the method further comprises the following steps:
controlling the second radio frequency channels corresponding to each of the traveling wave antennas to cause the second radio frequency channels to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module into the traveling wave antenna from the second end to direct the beam of the phased array system in a desired direction in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling wave antenna;
the phase and/or amplitude difference of the first and second ends of each travelling wave antenna is used to steer the beam of the phased array system in a dimension parallel to the direction of the travelling wave antenna towards a desired direction.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first radio frequency path includes a first phase shifter;
the controlling the first radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling-wave antenna to enable the first radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the first end to the traveling-wave antenna by the signal processing module, so as to enable the beam of the phased array system to point to a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling-wave antenna specifically includes:
controlling the first phase shifter corresponding to each traveling wave antenna to cause the first phase shifter to adjust the phase of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the first end by the signal processing module to direct the beam of the phased array system in a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling wave antenna; or
The first radio frequency channel comprises a first variable gain amplifier;
the controlling the first radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling-wave antenna to enable the first radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the first end to the traveling-wave antenna by the signal processing module, so as to enable the beam of the phased array system to point to a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling-wave antenna specifically includes:
controlling the first variable gain amplifier corresponding to each of the traveling wave antennas to cause the first variable gain amplifier to adjust the amplitude of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna by the signal processing module from the first end so that the beam of the phased array system is directed in a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling wave antenna; or
The first radio frequency path includes a first phase shifter and a first variable gain amplifier;
the controlling the first radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling-wave antenna to enable the first radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the first end to the traveling-wave antenna by the signal processing module, so as to enable the beam of the phased array system to point to a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling-wave antenna specifically includes:
controlling the first phase shifter corresponding to each traveling wave antenna to cause the first phase shifter to adjust the phase of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna by the signal processing module from the first end, and controlling the first variable gain amplifier corresponding to each traveling wave antenna to cause the first variable gain amplifier to adjust the amplitude of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna by the signal processing module from the first end to cause the beam of the phased array system to point in a desired direction in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the traveling wave antenna.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the second radio frequency path includes a second phase shifter;
the controlling the second radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling-wave antenna to enable the second radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the second end to the traveling-wave antenna by the signal processing module, so as to enable the beam of the phased array system to point to a desired direction in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling-wave antenna specifically includes:
controlling the second phase shifter corresponding to each traveling wave antenna to cause the second phase shifter to adjust the phase of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the second end by the signal processing module to direct the beam of the phased array system in a desired direction in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling wave antenna; or
The second radio frequency channel comprises a second variable gain amplifier;
the controlling the second radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling-wave antenna to enable the second radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the second end to the traveling-wave antenna by the signal processing module, so as to enable the beam of the phased array system to point to a desired direction in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling-wave antenna specifically includes:
controlling the second variable gain amplifier corresponding to each of the traveling wave antennas to cause the second variable gain amplifier to adjust the amplitude of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the second end by the signal processing module to direct the beam of the phased array system in a desired direction in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling wave antenna; or
The second radio frequency path includes a second phase shifter and a second variable gain amplifier;
the controlling the second radio frequency channel corresponding to each traveling-wave antenna to enable the second radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input from the second end to the traveling-wave antenna by the signal processing module, so as to enable the beam of the phased array system to point to a desired direction in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling-wave antenna specifically includes:
controlling the second phase shifter corresponding to each traveling wave antenna, causing the second phase shifter to adjust the phase of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the second end by the signal processing module, controlling the second variable gain amplifier corresponding to each traveling wave antenna, causing the second variable gain amplifier to adjust the amplitude of the signal input to the traveling wave antenna from the second end by the signal processing module, such that the beam of the phased array system is directed in a desired direction in a dimension parallel to the direction of the traveling wave antenna.
11. A beam scanning method for implementing beam scanning of a phased array system, the phased array system comprising at least two travelling wave antennas arranged in parallel, each travelling wave antenna comprising at least two antenna elements connected in sequence; the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a first radio frequency channel, and the first end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a signal processing module of the phased array system through the corresponding first radio frequency channel; the second end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with a second radio frequency channel, and the second end of each traveling wave antenna is connected with the signal processing module through the corresponding second radio frequency channel;
the method comprises the following steps:
controlling the first and second radio frequency channels corresponding to each of the traveling wave antennas, causing the first radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module to the traveling wave antenna from the first end, and causing the second radio frequency channel to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal input by the signal processing module to the traveling wave antenna from the second end, so as to direct the beam of the phased array system in a desired direction;
wherein the phase difference and/or amplitude difference between the first ends of the respective travelling wave antennas or the phase difference and/or amplitude difference between the second ends of the respective travelling wave antennas is used to control the pointing direction of the beams of the phased array system in a dimension perpendicular to the direction of the travelling wave antennas; the phase and/or amplitude difference between the first and second ends of each travelling wave antenna is used to control the pointing of the beam of the phased array system in a dimension parallel to the direction of the travelling wave antenna.
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