Background technology
Thunder and lightning is one of ten the Nature disasters that the United Nations announces.Lightning discharge is to railway traffic, ultra-high-tension power transmission line etc.
Facility has very strong interference, destruction.In order to preferably predict thunder and lightning, the physical effect of thunder and lightning need to accordingly be ground
Study carefully.Wherein, measure lightning discharge caused by electric field waveform be research understanding lightning discharge physical effect most basic means it
One.
At present, lightning discharge electric field is measured mainly using fast, the slow electric field change instrument.Wherein, fast electric field change instrument and slow electricity
The operation principle of field change instrument is essentially the same, and by taking fast electric field change instrument as an example, fast electric field change instrument mainly includes two units:Sense
Answer antenna and integrating circuit.Wherein, integrating circuit includes resistance 1, resistance 2 1042, electric capacity 1043 and operational amplifier
1044。
It is the operation principle of fast electric field change instrument as shown in Figure 1:(1) due to when environment of electric field changes, metal sense
The quantity of electric charge for answering electrode 101 to be sensed changes, and therefore, is changed by measuring the quantity of electric charge on metal induction electrode 101, can
To be finally inversed by the change of airspace electric field.(2) metal induction electrode 101 phase of the integrating circuit through signal cable 103 with leading portion
Connection, so as to carry out integration amplification, and final output integral voltage to the induced-current of metal induction electrode 101.
Generally, fast electric field change instrument is used for the radiation field for measuring lightning, wherein, the integration time constant of integrating circuit
2ms is usually arranged as, the frequency bandwidth of fast electric field change instrument measurement is 100Hz to 3.8MHz.The slow electric field change instrument is used to measure
Quasi-static electric field component in lightning, wherein, the integration time constant of integrating circuit is usually arranged as 6s, and the slow electric field change instrument is surveyed
The frequency bandwidth of amount is 1Hz to 3.2MHz.
Lightning electric field bandwidth range still, is limited up to MHz magnitudes by integrating circuit bandwidth, it is necessary to respectively using one it is fast,
Slow flash electric field changes instrument, while the thunder and lightning field of wideband is measured, and could capture the quasi-static field point of lightning electric field simultaneously
Amount and radiation field, in addition, even if above-mentioned fast, the slow electric field change instrument is used simultaneously, fast, the slow electric field change instrument works simultaneously when
The bandwidth that can be measured is still less than 5MHz.
Therefore, above-mentioned traditional fast, slow flash electric field change instrument can not fully meet the wideband of near region lightning discharge electric field
Measurement request, lead to not provide effective thunder And Lightning Preventive Measures according to measurement data.
Embodiment
The device measured below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the wideband electric field that the embodiment of the present application provides is described in detail.
In addition, the term " comprising " and " having " being previously mentioned in the description of the present application and their any deformation, it is intended that
It is to cover non-exclusive include.Such as process, method, system, product or the equipment for containing series of steps or unit do not have
The step of being defined in the step of having listed or unit, but not listed including other also alternatively or unit, or alternatively
Also include for the intrinsic other steps of these processes, method, product or equipment or unit.
It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, " exemplary " or " such as " etc. word make example, example for expression
Card or explanation.Be described as in the embodiment of the present application " exemplary " or " such as " any embodiment or design should
It is interpreted than other embodiments or design more preferably or more advantage.Specifically, " exemplary " or " example are used
Such as " word is intended to that related notion is presented in a concrete fashion.
In the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the implication of " multiple " refers to two or more.
In order to solve that the wideband measurement demand of thunder and lightning field can not be met in the prior art, lead to not be carried according to measurement data
For effective thunder And Lightning Preventive Measures, the embodiment of the present application provides a kind of device of wideband electric field measurement, as shown in Fig. 2 the device
Including:Induction electrode 201, shielding shell 202, second divided voltage electric capacity 203, voltage sensor 204.
Wherein, shielding shell 202 is grounded, and is shielded and is connected between shell 202 and induction electrode 201 by insulating materials,
Second divided voltage electric capacity 203 and voltage sensor 204 are arranged on the inside of shielding shell 202.As a kind of possible implementation,
The isolation connection of epoxy insulation material can be used by shielding between shell 202 and induction electrode 201.
Induction electrode 201 is connected with the high-pressure side of second divided voltage electric capacity 203, second divided voltage electric capacity 203 and voltage sensor
Device 204 is in parallel.
Wherein, induction electrode 201, for sensing wideband thunder and lightning field signal;Second divided voltage electric capacity 203 and voltage sensor
The circuit of 204 compositions, the optical signal that the thunder and lightning field signal control lasing light emitter 2041 for being sensed using induction electrode 201 is exported,
So as to which the optical signal modulation for exporting lasing light emitter 2041 is modulated optical signal, then modulated optical signal is transmitted to long-range solution
Circuit 2043 is adjusted, modulated optical signal is demodulated into thunder and lightning field signal by demodulator circuit 2043, the thunder and lightning field signal is via radio frequency
Cable transmission to high-speed collection card 207, high-speed collection card 207 is digitized to the thunder and lightning field signal of acquisition, obtains thunder and lightning field
Data signal corresponding to signal, then, pass through the interface between high-speed collection card 207 and computer 208, high-speed collection card 207
By thunder and lightning field digital data transmission to computer 208, to cause administrative staff by computer 208 to corresponding to wideband thunder and lightning field
Data signal is analyzed.
Alternatively, induction electrode 201 can be dome electrode.For example, using the dome electrode of red copper material, and directly
Footpath is 10cm to 15cm.
It should be noted that with the prior art, induction electrode use the more significant tapered shape of point effect electricity
Pole is compared, and the contact area between dome electrode and thunder and lightning field is larger, it is not easy to point effect is produced, and then, avoid strong
Thunder and lightning field produces corona discharge phenomenon at electrode, also implies that, can mitigate corona discharge electric field to that actually need to measure
The interference of thunder and lightning field, improve the accuracy of measurement of thunder and lightning field.
Alternatively, second divided voltage electric capacity 203 is 0.1 μ F magnitudes.
In the embodiment of the present application, voltage sensor 204 includes:Lasing light emitter 2041, electro-optical sensor 2042 and demodulation electricity
Road 2043.Wherein, the structure of electro-optical sensor 2042 is as shown in figure 3, electro-optical sensor 2042 includes the polarizer 301, bismuth germanium oxide
Crystal 302, phase delay slide 303, analyzer 304, collimater 305.
As a kind of possible implementation, lasing light emitter 2041 is located at management end, and the optical signal that lasing light emitter 2041 exports leads to
Multimode fibre is crossed to transmit to the polarizer 301.
Afterwards, the optical signals polarizer 301 that lasing light emitter 2041 exports passes, and sequentially passes through bismuth-germanium-oxide crystal 302, phase
Position delay slide 303, analyzer 304, analyzer 304 export modulated optical signal, then, by collimater 305 by modulated light
Signal is coupled to multimode fibre, and modulated optical signal is transmitted to the demodulator circuit 2043 of management end via multimode fibre.So as to take
Modulated optical signal with thunder and lightning field signal is transmitted to long-range management end, so as to administrative staff couple by the induction end of thunder and lightning field
Measurement result is observed, analyzed.
Alternatively, the lasing light emitter 2041 of management end uses wavelength as 850nm, and the F-P wavelength with temperature control link
Locked laser diode, and the extinction ratio of lasing light emitter 2041 is 30dB, to ensure that modulated optical signal is reaching demodulator circuit
After 2043, demodulator circuit 2043 can more delicately handle modulated optical signal.
Preferably, bismuth-germanium-oxide crystal 302 uses longitudinal modulation, and thunder and lightning field signal modulation lasing light emitter 2041 is utilized to be lifted
Sensitivity.
Alternatively, phase delay slide 303 is that zero order phase postpones slide, to obtain broader frequency band, mitigates electric light and passes
The sensitivity that sensor 2042 changes to temperature and the wavelength of optical signal of lasing light emitter 2041.
Alternatively, the operating distance of collimater 305 is 5.7cm.
In the embodiment of the present application, the demodulator circuit 2043 of management end includes optical compensator, the silicon detector being sequentially connected
With two-stage amplifying circuit, optical compensator, the modulated optical signal of multimode fibre transmission is received, detects the strong of modulated optical signal
Degree, and the intensity based on modulated optical signal, the light signal strength that regulation lasing light emitter 2041 exports, silicon detector, for demodulating
Modulated optical signal, to obtain thunder and lightning field signal, two-stage amplifying circuit, for being amplified to the thunder and lightning field signal after demodulation,
So that follow-up process uses.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, during modulated optical signal transmits, due to multimode fibre shake etc.
Factor, the intensity of modulated optical signal can decay, in order to ensure that silicon detector can enter to modulated optical signal exactly
Row demodulation, need to ensure the intensity of modulated optical signal transmitted to silicon detector.Based on this, in the embodiment of the present application, light is mended
Device is repaid to detect the intensity of the modulated optical signal of reception, if the intensity of modulated optical signal is less than intensity threshold,
Optical compensator adjusts the driving current of lasing light emitter 2041, so as to increase the intensity of the optical signal of the output of lasing light emitter 2041, with compensation
The decay of modulated optical signal.Wherein, intensity threshold can be limited not to this here according to actual use situation setting
System.
In addition, with the prior art, charging current caused by metal induction electrode 201, being transmitted through signal cable 103 to product
Parallel circuit 104, cause charging current easily to be disturbed by thunderstorm etc., influence measurement accuracy and compare, in the embodiment of the present application, utilize hemisphere
Optical signal caused by the wideband thunder and lightning field signal control lasing light emitter 2041 that shape induction electrode 201 senses, produces modulated optical signal,
So as to transmit modulated optical signal by multimode fibre, reduce the interference to modulated optical signal such as thunderstorm, and then can carry
Rise the precision of measurement wideband electric field.
In the above-mentioned methods, alternatively, the operation wavelength of silicon detector is 850nm.
As a kind of possible implementation, in the embodiment of the present application, induction electrode 201 and shielding shell 202 are adopted
Sealed with waterproof material, also, shield shell 202 and be connected with drying tube 205, to ensure that the inside of shielding shell 202 is in drying
Environment.Alternatively, drying tube 205 is placed in the outside of shielding shell 202, for indicating the humidity inside shielding shell 202, so as to
The drying tube 205 that administrative staff more renew according to indicated result.
The bottom for shielding shell 202 is connected with ground connection pillar 206, and ground connection pillar 206 is fixed on ground or roof so that
Height of the shell 202 apart from ground is shielded to adjust in the range of 0.5-1m.
With in the prior art, being limited by integrating circuit bandwidth, Measurement bandwidth is smaller, measurement data can not be utilized to provide effective
Lightning protected measure compare, the device for the wideband electric field measurement that the application provides, first, the earthing of casing will be shielded, shielding is outer
It is connected between shell and induction electrode by insulating materials, and second divided voltage electric capacity and voltage sensor is arranged on shielding shell
Inside, induction electrode is connected with the high-pressure side of second divided voltage electric capacity, and second divided voltage electric capacity is in parallel with voltage sensor, that is, exists
In the application, the wideband electric field that induction electrode senses is measured by the circuit of second divided voltage electric capacity and voltage sensor composition,
The problem of using the Measurement bandwidth caused by integrating circuit measurement wideband electric field limited is avoided, so as to measure wideband simultaneously
Low frequency quasi-static electric field component and high frequency radiation electric field component in thunder and lightning field, and measurement data analysis thunder and lightning field can be utilized,
And then provide effective lightning protected measure.
The method measured by test, the wideband electric field provided using the embodiment of the present application, it is ensured that optical signal power
Decay change in the range of ± 3%, and the distance that optical signal transmits in multimode fibre is not less than 200m.
In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the frequency band range of measurement can reach 3Hz to 30MHz.
Described above, the only embodiment of the application, but the protection domain of the application is not limited thereto is any
Change or replacement in the technical scope that the application discloses, should all cover within the protection domain of the application.Therefore, this Shen
Protection domain please should be defined by scope of the claims.