CN107699609A - 基于dna和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:a)将纳米材料分散在溶剂中,加入TMAPS反应1‑24小时,得到表面带正电荷的纳米颗粒;b)加入DNA反应1‑24小时,得到DNA修饰的纳米颗粒,所示DNA为长于20个碱基对的DNA基因片断;c)加入TMAPS和TEOS反应1‑21天,在DNA修饰的纳米颗粒表面形成SiO2壳层,得到SiO2包埋的纳米颗粒;d)将APTES铆接到携带基因信息的纳米颗粒的表面上,得到基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒。本发明操作温度低,产物能够在室温至175℃稳定存在,还可以分散在水相或油相中,具有基因检测灵敏度高、无污染、稳定性好、测量精度高、可大范围同时多点连续监测等优点,可以广泛应用于防伪与示踪等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到一种新型复合纳米DNA材料的制备方法,特别涉及一种基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法。
背景技术
DNA是一类携带大量信息的关键生物高分子材料,天然DNA决定了物种的多样性,而人工合成DNA在种类上则具有无限的可能。作为一种关键的生物分子,DNA已经被广泛应用到不同的领域,在现代科学与技术中的地位极为重要。其中,基于DNA携带的大量信息而设计的新型材料则具有不可比拟的排它性或独一无二性。例如:
(1)在商品防伪保护领域,利用特定DNA片段具有特定编码结构的原理,使防伪标识含有某个确定的DNA,并且能于常态下长久保存。由于用于防伪的DNA序列是随机组合而成的,具有唯一性和无法复制的特点。同时DNA可以与油墨、化妆品、酒水、颜料等各类媒介和材料相结合,几乎可以应用于各行各业。在食品药品行业,DNA分子的生物属性决定了其无毒无害,可放心食用。未来有望代替传统的防伪标签和激光防伪方式。
(2)在环境监测方面,传统物理视频监控技术无法定量跟踪、监测污染物对农田、江、河、湖、海等特定区域的影响。采用DNA示踪技术,通过在各个排污源标记相应的DNA示踪剂,通过在上述特定区域采样分析,精确测定样品中各类DNA标记物的含量,可精确获得各个污染源的排污情况以及对特定区域及特定作物的影响,可大大提高检测的针对性和精确度。
(3)在石油开采领域,注水开发是国内外的主要生产方式,而示踪剂技术则在油田注水开发中已经得到了较好的应用和发展。通过油田示踪技术可以提供各油层信息,从而采取相应措施,可以显著提升实际采油效率,已逐步成为油田二次采油和三次采油的重要手段而被广泛应用。
目前的示踪技术仍然主要以氟代苯甲酸为示踪剂,通过质谱分析检侧分子分布达到感知地下地层结构的目的。该技术存在成本高、用量大、影响矿下环境、检测误差大、可调控信息有限等缺点。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足,本发明旨在提供一种基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,基于DNA的纳米示踪和防伪技术则具有无污染、稳定性好、测量精度高、可大范围同时多点连续监测等优点,将具有广泛的应用前景。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
本发明公开的基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)将纳米材料分散在溶剂中,加入TMAPS反应1-24小时,得到表面带正电荷的纳米颗粒;
b)加入DNA反应1-24小时,得到DNA修饰的纳米颗粒,所示DNA为长于20个碱基对的DNA基因片断;
c)加入TMAPS和TEOS反应1-21天,在DNA修饰的纳米颗粒表面形成SiO2壳层,得到SiO2包埋的纳米颗粒;
d)将APTES铆接到SiO2包埋的纳米颗粒的表面上,得到基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒。
优选的,所述的纳米材料为氧化物、硫化物、碳酸盐或硅酸盐的纳米颗粒。
优选的,所述纳米材料为Fe3O4、C、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、CaCO3、TiO2、ZnO、CdS、ZnS、MoS2或WS2。
进一步的,所述的纳米材料的尺寸在10-5000nm之间,为球、棒、片、线或无定形的颗粒。
进一步的,所述b)步骤中,DNA占DNA修饰的纳米颗粒质量百分含量的0.1%-1.0%之间。
优选的,所述溶剂为水、醇或任意比例的水醇混合溶液。
优选的,所述a)步骤中,加入的TMAPS为50%的TMAPS甲醇溶液。
进一步的,所述a)步骤后,将表面带正电荷的纳米颗粒用乙醇洗涤,再分散在水中进行b)步骤。
进一步的,所述b)步骤后,将DNA修饰的纳米颗粒洗涤后,再分散到95%乙醇中进行c)步骤。
优选的,在d)步骤后还包括以下步骤:
e)加入氟化铵水溶液,溶解所述基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒,重新释放DNA,通过基因测序和q-PCR跟踪检测实现示踪与防伪。
其中,
TMAPS为三甲氧基硅-三甲基乙基溴化铵;
TEOS为四甲氧基硅烷;
APTES为三甲氧基-乙基胺硅烷。
本发明的制备原理:
利用纳米粒子为载体,采用相反电荷吸附方法将DNA修饰到纳米粒子的表面上,然后进一步利用SiO2和高分子材料将DNA包埋在纳米粒子中,制成基因示踪与防伪材料。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明具有无污染、稳定性好、测量精度高、可大范围同时多点连续监测等优点;
2.DNA测量精度高:利用Q-PCR可以方便快速检测水中的微量DNA;
3.可以大范围多点检测:由于DNA具有多种可以调控的序列,在应用上不会相互干扰,可以满足大范围多点监控;
4.DNA稳定性好:DNA在包埋在纳米颗粒表面上以后,可以在室温至175℃长时间稳定存在;
5.唯一性和无法复制性:由于每一种DNA都具有唯一性,可以极大提高对特定产品,如:艺术品、烟、酒等的防伪能力。
附图说明
图1是以Fe3O4为纳米材料制备的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片。
图2是以Cr2O3为纳米材料制备的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的透射电子显微镜(TEM)照片。
图3是以CaCO3为纳米材料制备的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实施例1
1)将2g Fe3O4纳米颗粒分散到500mL醇-水比例为5:1的混合溶剂中;
2)搅拌条件下加入50%TMAPS(甲醇中)10mL,反应8小时后用乙醇洗3次;
3)将得到的纳米颗粒再分散到水中,加入特定序列的DNA,该DNA为长于20个碱基对的DNA基因片断,搅拌反应8小时,分离、洗涤得到表面DNA修饰的纳米颗粒;
4)将载有DNA的纳米颗粒分散到95%乙醇中;
5)加入TMAPS和TOES在纳米颗粒表面生成SiO2层,保护DNA。SiO2层的厚度可以通过改变TMAPS和TEOS的量调控。
得到的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒如图1所示。
实施例2
1)将2g的Cr2O3纳米颗粒分散到500mL醇-水比例为5:1的混合溶剂中;
2)搅拌条件下加入50%TMAPS(甲醇中)10mL,反应8小时后用乙醇洗3次;
3)将得到的纳米颗粒再分散到水中,加入特定序列的DNA,该DNA为长于20个碱基对的DNA基因片断,搅拌反应8小时,分离、洗涤得到表面DNA修饰的纳米颗粒;
4)将载有DNA的纳米颗粒分散到95%乙醇中;
5)加入TMAPS和TOES在纳米颗粒表面生成SiO2层,保护DNA。SiO2层的厚度可以通过改变TMAPS和TEOS的量调控。
得到的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒如图2所示。
实施例3
1)将2g的CaCO3纳米颗粒分散到500mL醇-水比例为5:1的混合溶剂中;
2)搅拌条件下加入50%TMAPS(甲醇中)10mL,反应8小时后用乙醇洗3次;
3)将得到的纳米颗粒再分散到水中,加入特定序列的DNA,该DNA为长于20个碱基对的DNA基因片断,搅拌反应8小时,分离、洗涤得到表面DNA修饰的纳米颗粒;
4)将载有DNA的纳米颗粒分散到95%乙醇中;
5)加入TMAPS和TOES在纳米颗粒表面生成SiO2层,保护DNA。SiO2层的厚度可以通过改变TMAPS和TEOS的量调控。
得到的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒如图3所示。
当然,还可以用C、Fe2O3、TiO2、ZnO、CdS、ZnS、MoS2、WS2等的纳米颗粒替代实施例1中的Fe3O4,后续操作与实施例1相同,也能够得到基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒。
在实现示踪与防伪功能时,加入氟化铵水溶液,溶解上述基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒,重新释放DNA,通过基因测序和q-PCR跟踪检测实现示踪与防伪。
当然,本发明还可有其它多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a)将纳米材料分散在溶剂中,加入TMAPS反应1-24小时,得到表面带正电荷的纳米颗粒;
b)加入DNA反应1-24小时,得到DNA修饰的纳米颗粒,所示DNA为长于20个碱基对的DNA基因片断;
c)加入TMAPS和TEOS反应1-21天,在DNA修饰的纳米颗粒表面形成SiO2壳层,得到SiO2包埋的纳米颗粒;
d)将APTES铆接到SiO2包埋的纳米颗粒的表面上,得到基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的纳米材料为氧化物、硫化物、碳酸盐或硅酸盐的纳米颗粒。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述纳米材料为Fe3O4、C、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、CaCO3、TiO2、ZnO、CdS、ZnS、MoS2或WS2。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的纳米材料的尺寸在10-5000nm之间,为球、棒、片、线或无定形的颗粒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述b)步骤中,DNA占DNA修饰的纳米颗粒质量百分含量的0.1%-1.0%之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂为水、醇或任意比例的水醇混合溶液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述a)步骤中,加入的TMAPS为50%的TMAPS甲醇溶液。
8.根据权利要求1所述的基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述a)步骤后,将表面带正电荷的纳米颗粒用乙醇洗涤,再分散在水中进行b)步骤。
9.根据权利要求1所述的基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于:所述b)步骤后,将DNA修饰的纳米颗粒洗涤后,再分散到95%乙醇中进行c)步骤。
10.根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的基于DNA和纳米颗粒的基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,在d)步骤后还包括以下步骤:
e)加入氟化铵水溶液,溶解所述基因示踪与防伪纳米颗粒,重新释放DNA,通过基因测序和q-PCR跟踪检测实现示踪与防伪。
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