CN107695762B

CN107695762B - Electric spindle

Info

Publication number: CN107695762B
Application number: CN201710931121.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯尚雄; 何权富; 汤秀清
Original assignee: Guangzhou Haozhi Electromechanical Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Haozhi Electromechanical Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-10-09
Filing date: 2017-10-09
Publication date: 2020-03-20
Anticipated expiration: 2037-10-09
Also published as: CN107695762A

Abstract

An electric spindle comprises a spindle system component, a spindle core component, a tool changing air cylinder component and a tool mounting component, wherein the tool changing air cylinder component is arranged at the upper part of the spindle system component, and the tool mounting component is arranged at the lower part of the spindle core component; the main shaft system component comprises a machine body component and a stator, the stator is arranged in the machine body component, and the shaft core component penetrates through the stator; the spindle system component comprises an upper bearing component and a lower bearing component, wherein the spindle core component comprises a central water outlet guide body and a spindle which are sequentially connected, a channel for cooling water circulation is formed in the middle of the central water outlet guide body and the spindle, a first pressure groove for high-pressure gas is formed in the joint of the central water outlet guide body and the spindle, and the upper bearing component and the lower bearing component are arranged on the spindle system component; the upper bearing assembly, the machine body assembly and the lower bearing assembly are sequentially connected; the upper bearing assembly and the lower bearing assembly are both provided with oil spray holes. The invention improves the running precision of the main shaft and prolongs the service life of the main shaft; effectively prevents cooling water from entering the main shaft, so that the main shaft of the invention can run efficiently and stably.

Description

Electric spindle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of electromechanics, in particular to an electric spindle.

Background

An electric spindle is a new technology which integrates a machine tool spindle and a spindle motor into a whole and appears in the field of numerical control machines, and the electric spindle generally comprises a shell-free motor, a spindle, a bearing, a spindle unit shell, a driving module, a cooling device and the like. The electric spindle has the characteristic of high-speed operation, and manufacturing errors, mounting errors and overload can generate increased friction at a spindle bearing, so that the problems of abrasion of the bearing, heating of the spindle and the like are caused, and the service life of the spindle is greatly shortened. The conventional oil-gas lubricated electric spindle generally has the problems of uneven lubrication and unsmooth oil-gas flow, so that the lubrication effect is poor and the local temperature of a bearing is high; and the central water outlet cooling is adopted, so that the temperature of the electric spindle can be effectively reduced, but the cutting fluid can break through the sealing structure, pollute the spindle and cause damage.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the electric main shaft so as to achieve the effects of effectively lubricating and cooling the main bearing and ensuring that the main bearing is not polluted. The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

an electric spindle comprises a spindle system component, a spindle core component, a tool changing air cylinder component and a tool mounting component, wherein the tool changing air cylinder component is arranged at the upper part of the spindle system component, and the tool mounting component is arranged at the lower part of the spindle core component; the spindle system component comprises a machine body component and a stator, the stator is arranged in the machine body component, and the shaft core component penetrates through the stator; the spindle system component comprises a spindle core assembly and a spindle core assembly, wherein the spindle core assembly comprises a central water outlet guide body and a spindle, the central water outlet guide body and the spindle core assembly are sequentially connected, a channel for cooling water to flow is formed in the middle of the central water outlet guide body and the spindle core, a first pressure groove for high-pressure gas is formed in the joint of the central water outlet guide body and the spindle core, and the spindle system component further comprises an upper bearing assembly and a lower bearing assembly; the upper bearing assembly, the machine body assembly and the lower bearing assembly are sequentially connected; and the upper bearing assembly and the lower bearing assembly are provided with oil spray holes.

Furthermore, a first compressed gas inlet hole and a first compressed gas channel communicated with the first compressed gas inlet hole are formed in the central water outlet guide body; the first compressed gas passage is connected to the first pressure tank.

Furthermore, the spindle system component is further provided with a second compressed gas inlet hole, a second compressed gas channel connected with the second compressed gas inlet hole and a gas guide sleeve connected with the second compressed gas channel, the gas guide sleeve is arranged around the outer wall surface of the mandrel, and a second pressure groove is formed in the surface, attached to the outer wall surface of the mandrel, of the gas guide sleeve.

Further, the pressure of the compressed gas introduced from the second compressed gas inlet hole is greater than the pressure of the compressed gas introduced from the first compressed gas inlet hole.

Furthermore, the upper bearing assembly comprises an upper bearing seat assembly, and an upper oil guide sleeve, a first upper bearing, an upper bearing spacer assembly and a second upper bearing which are sequentially arranged in the upper bearing seat assembly; the upper oil guide sleeve is provided with a first oil injection hole facing the first upper bearing; the upper bearing spacer assembly is provided with a second oil spray hole facing the second upper bearing.

Furthermore, the lower bearing assembly is provided with a lower bearing seat, and a lower oil guide sleeve, a first lower bearing, a lower bearing spacer bush and a second lower bearing which are sequentially arranged in the lower bearing seat; the lower oil guide sleeve is provided with a third oil injection hole facing the first lower bearing; and the lower bearing spacer assembly is provided with a fourth oil injection hole facing the second lower bearing.

Further, the oil return main path is connected with the oil injection hole through a channel.

Further, the tool changing cylinder assembly comprises an air inlet hole, a tool changing cylinder body and a piston assembly; the piston assembly is arranged in the tool changing cylinder body; the upper part of the tool changing cylinder body is provided with an air inlet hole, the lower part of the tool changing cylinder body is provided with a through hole, the piston assembly penetrates through the through hole and abuts against the small piston, and the central water outlet guide body penetrates through the piston assembly and the small piston and extends into the top end groove of the mandrel.

Further, the mandrel comprises a pull rod assembly and a shaft sleeve; the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the outer surface of the pull rod; a channel for the cooling water to flow is arranged in the pull rod; the top end groove is formed in the upper end of the pull rod.

Further, the cutter mounting assembly comprises a sliding core, a pull claw and a cutter handle; the upper end of the sliding core is abutted against the pull rod assembly, and the lower end of the sliding core is sleeved with the pull claw; the lower end of the sliding core is provided with a conical matching surface which is abutted against the pulling claw; when the sliding core moves upwards, the pulling claw can be opened by utilizing the conical matching surface; the outer surface of the lower end of the pull claw is provided with a boss; when the pulling claw is spread, the lug boss can be matched with the shaft sleeve to fix the knife handle.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the water is discharged from the center of the main shaft, and the cooling liquid can cool the shaft core assembly while cooling the cutter, so that the running precision of the main shaft is greatly improved, and the service life of the main shaft is greatly prolonged;

2. the compressed gas seal is arranged, so that cooling water is effectively prevented from entering the main shaft and has a flow guide effect on the cooling water, and the main shaft of the invention can operate efficiently and stably;

3. the lubricating oil spray holes which are not interfered with each other are designed, each row of bearings of the main shaft are lubricated independently, and the oil content and the air pressure of lubricating oil gas of each row of bearings can be properly adjusted according to actual conditions, so that the lubricating and cooling effects of the lubricating oil gas on each row of bearings can be optimized; the technical effects of uniform lubrication and smooth oil-gas flow are achieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall view of an electric spindle of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the motorized spindle of FIG. 1 at A;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of FIG. 1 at B;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the upper bearing assembly of the electric spindle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a lower bearing assembly of the electric spindle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an upper bearing spacer assembly of the electric spindle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of a tool changing cylinder assembly of the motorized spindle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the position sensor arrangement of the motorized spindle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a step of the shaft core of the electric spindle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a general schematic view of an oil and gas lubrication circuit of the motorized spindle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the oil-air lubrication passage C of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the oil-air lubrication passage D of FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a first lubrication oil and gas passage of the electric spindle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a second lubrication oil and gas passage of the electric spindle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a third lubrication oil and gas passage of the electric spindle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a labyrinth loop gas seal of the motorized spindle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a circulation water circuit of the motorized spindle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a molten steel jacket assembly of the electric spindle of FIG. 1.

In the figure: 1. a spindle system assembly; 10. a machine body water jacket; 11. a body assembly; 111. a coolant inlet; 112. a first opening; 113. a second opening; 114. a third opening; 115. a fourth opening; 116. a fifth opening; 117. a sixth opening; 118. a coolant outlet; 12. a stator; 13. a molten steel jacket assembly; 131. a second compressed gas inlet hole; 132. a second compressed gas channel; 133. an overflow aperture; 134. a shaped cavity; 135. compressing the air holes; 136. a water inlet hole; 137. a water outlet hole; 138. an oil outlet hole; 139. a first lubrication oil gas inlet hole; 1310. a second lubricating oil inlet hole; 1311. a third lubricating oil gas inlet hole; 1312. a fourth lubricating oil gas inlet hole; 1313. a third compressed gas inlet hole; 14. a first air guide sleeve; 141. a second pressure tank; 15. an upper bearing assembly; 151. a first upper bearing; 152. a second upper bearing; 153. an upper bearing housing assembly; 1531. an upper bearing seat outer sleeve; 1532. an upper bearing seat inner sleeve; 1533. positioning pins; 1534. steel ball sleeve; 154. an upper bearing spacer assembly; 1541. a second oil jet hole; 1542. a first oil return ring groove; 1543. an oil return outlet; 1544. an oil inlet; 155. an upper bearing block cover plate; 1551. a positioning pin hole; 1552. pre-tightening the spring mounting hole; 156. an oil guide sleeve is arranged; 1561. a first oil jet hole; 157. the upper bearing inner ring is locked with a nut; 16. a lower bearing assembly; 161. a lower bearing seat; 162. a first lower bearing; 163. a lower bearing spacer assembly; 1631. a fourth oil jet hole; 1632. a second oil return ring groove; 164. a second lower bearing; 165. a lower oil guide sleeve; 1651. a third oil jet hole; 166. the lower bearing inner ring is locked with a nut; 17. a body lower cover assembly; 171. a lower cover of the machine body; 1711. a third oil return ring groove; 172. a second air guide sleeve; 18. a dust cover; 19. a position sensor; 2. a spindle assembly; 21. a central water outlet guide body; 211. a first cooling water passage; 212. a first compressed gas inlet hole; 213. a first compressed gas channel; 214. a first pressure tank; 215. a central water inlet hole; 22. a mandrel; 221. a drawbar assembly; 2211. a groove;

2212. a second cooling water passage; 2213. a pull rod boss; 222. a shaft sleeve; 223. a step of the shaft core; 224. a disc spring; 3. a tool changing cylinder assembly; 31. air inlet holes; 32. a piston assembly; 321. a primary piston; 322. a secondary piston; 323. a tertiary piston; 33. a tool changing cylinder body; 331. a cylinder top cover; 3311. a first air escape hole; 332. a first cylinder; 3321. a second air escape hole; 333. a second cylinder; 3331. a third air release hole; 334. a partition plate; 34. a small piston; 4. a tool mounting assembly; 41. a sliding core; 411. a tool changing boss; 42. pulling a claw; 421. a boss; 43. a knife handle; 431. changing a tool pressing groove; 5. a first channel; 6. a second channel; 7. a third channel; 8. a fourth channel; 9. and an oil return main path.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.

As shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification, an electric spindle comprises a spindle system component 1, a spindle core component 2 and a tool changing cylinder component 3, wherein the spindle system component 1 comprises a machine body component 11, a stator 12, a molten steel sleeve component 13, an upper bearing component 15, a lower bearing component 16, a machine body lower cover component 17 and a dust cover 18, the stator 12 is arranged in the machine body component 11, and the spindle core component 2 penetrates through the stator 12; the upper part of the main shaft system component 1 is provided with a tool changing cylinder component 3; the molten steel sleeve assembly 13 is positioned at the upper part of the main shaft system assembly 1 and is abutted against the tool changing cylinder assembly 3.

Referring to the attached drawings 1-2 of the specification, the shaft core assembly 2 comprises a central water outlet guide body 21 and a mandrel 22 coaxially arranged with the central water outlet guide body 21, the central water outlet guide body 21 is embedded in the middle of the tool changing cylinder assembly 3, one end of the mandrel 22 is provided with a groove 2211, and the central water outlet guide body 21 is partially arranged in the groove 2211; the central water outlet guide body 21 is provided with a first cooling water channel 211 for cooling water to flow along the axial line, and the mandrel 22 is provided with a second cooling water channel 2212 for cooling water to flow along the axial line; the central water outlet guide body 21 is provided with a first compressed gas inlet hole 212, a first compressed gas passage 213 communicated with the first compressed gas inlet hole 212 and a first pressure groove 214 communicated with the first compressed gas passage 213; the first pressure grooves 214 are distributed along the surface of the central water outlet guide body 21 and are positioned in the grooves 2211; the spindle system assembly 1 is provided with a second compressed gas inlet hole 131, a second compressed gas channel 132 connected to the second compressed gas inlet hole 131, and a first gas guiding sleeve 14 connected to the second compressed gas channel 132, the first gas guiding sleeve 14 is disposed around the outer wall surface of the mandrel 22, and a second pressure groove 141 is disposed on the surface of the first gas guiding sleeve 14, which is attached to the outer wall surface of the mandrel 22. The central water outlet guide body 21 is in clearance fit with the mandrel 22. The pressure of the compressed gas introduced through the second compressed gas inlet hole 131 is greater than that of the compressed gas introduced through the first compressed gas inlet hole 212. The second compressed gas inlet hole 131 and the second compressed gas passage 132 are provided in the molten steel jacket assembly 13. The central water outlet guide body 21 also has a central water inlet hole 215 at the top, and the central water inlet hole 215 is communicated with the first cooling water passage 211 through which cooling water flows.

The molten steel jacket assembly 13 comprises an overflow hole 133, and when compressed gas is filled, the compressed gas fills the first pressure groove 214, then fills a cavity 134 formed by the molten steel jacket assembly 13 and the shaft core assembly 2, and is discharged through the overflow hole 133. The first pressure groove 214 has a plurality of grooves uniformly distributed on the surface of the central water outlet guide body 21.

Referring to the accompanying drawings 1 and 4, the upper bearing assembly 15 is embedded between the molten steel sleeve assembly 13 and the machine body assembly 11. The upper bearing assembly 15 includes a first upper bearing 151, a second upper bearing 152, an upper bearing housing assembly 153, an upper bearing spacer assembly 154, a star seal, and an upper bearing housing cover plate 155. The upper bearing housing assembly 153 includes an upper bearing housing outer housing 1531, an upper bearing housing inner housing 1532, a locating pin 1533, and a ball housing 1534.

The upper bearing housing 1531 has a large end and a small end, the small end of the upper bearing housing 1531 is clamped inside the housing assembly 11, the outer surface of the large end is flush with the surface of the housing assembly 11, and the upper bearing housing 1531 is provided with a cavity having a uniform wall thickness along the contour of the outer wall. The upper bearing housing inner sleeve 1532 is disposed in the cavity of the small end of the upper bearing housing outer sleeve 1531 and is abutted against the inner wall of the cavity of the small end of the upper bearing housing outer sleeve 1531 through the steel ball sleeve 1534, and the steel ball sleeve 1534 is distributed with steel balls uniformly distributed. A first end of the upper bearing seat inner sleeve 1532 abuts against an end face wall plate at the small end of the upper bearing seat outer sleeve 1531, a positioning pin hole 1551 and a pre-tightening spring mounting hole 1552 are formed at the first end of the upper bearing seat inner sleeve 1532, one end of a pre-tightening spring abuts against the bottom of the pre-tightening spring mounting hole 1552, the other end of the pre-tightening spring abuts against the end face wall plate at the small end of the upper bearing seat outer sleeve 1531, a through hole corresponding to the positioning pin hole 1551 is further formed in the end face wall plate at the small end of the upper bearing seat outer sleeve 1531. The first upper bearing 151, the upper bearing spacer assembly 154 and the second upper bearing 152 are sequentially embedded in the inner cavity of the upper bearing base inner sleeve 1532, the end face of the upper bearing is provided with an upper oil guide sleeve 156, and an oil guide annular groove and 4 uniformly distributed lubricating oil gas guide holes are distributed in the oil guide sleeve. The upper bearing housing cover 155 is disposed in the cavity inside the large end of the upper bearing housing outer sleeve 1531 and abuts the second end of the upper bearing housing inner sleeve 1532 and the upper bearing end surface. An upper bearing inner ring locking nut 157 is embedded in the upper bearing seat cover plate 155, and the upper bearing inner ring locking nut 157 abuts against the inner ring of the first upper bearing 151.

Referring to the description of fig. 1 and 5, the lower bearing assembly 16, the lower cover assembly 17 and the dust cover 18 are sequentially installed, the lower bearing assembly 16 abuts against the spindle system assembly 1, and the lower cover assembly 17 is arranged on the surface of the lower bearing assembly 16 away from the spindle system assembly 1. The lower bearing assembly 16 includes a lower bearing seat 161, a first lower bearing 162, a lower bearing spacer assembly 163, a second lower bearing 164, a lower oil guide sleeve 165, a seal ring groove, a coolant through hole, a lubrication oil and gas through hole, and a plug hole. The step 161 includes the lower bearing installation cavity, is located lower bearing installation cavity one end and follows the convex boss of lower bearing installation cavity outer wall, and the terminal surface wallboard of lower bearing installation cavity is equipped with the oil guide sleeve mounting groove of installing oil guide sleeve 165 down, first lower bearing 162, and inside and the butt lower bearing installation cavity terminal surface wallboard of installation cavity are located in proper order to lower bearing spacer subassembly 163, second lower bearing 164. The lower oil guide sleeve 165 is provided with an oil guide hole and an oil guide ring groove. Organism lower cover subassembly 17 includes organism lower cover 171, second air guide sleeve 172, and organism lower cover 171 is including embedding the tip of bearing installation cavity and the main aspects of butt step 161 boss terminal surface down, and the terminal surface butt second lower bearing 164 of organism lower cover 171 tip is inside to be seted up the ring channel and the lubricated oil gas conduction ring channel of installation second air guide sleeve 172. The lower housing cover 171 further has a lower bearing inner ring locking nut 166 embedded therein, and the lower bearing inner ring locking nut 166 abuts against the second lower bearing 164 inner ring. The dust cap 18 abuts against the lower cover 171 of the machine body, and shields the lower oil guide sleeve 165 and the lower bearing inner ring lock nut 166.

Referring to fig. 11-14 of the specification, the upper oil guide sleeve 156 is provided with a first oil injection hole 1561 facing the first upper bearing 151; the upper bearing spacer assembly 154 is provided with a second oil jet 1541 directed toward the second upper bearing 152; the lower oil guide 165 is provided with a third oil injection hole 1651 facing the first lower bearing 162; the lower bearing spacer assembly 163 is provided with a fourth oil jet 1631 directed toward the second lower bearing 164; the upper shaft assembly is provided with a first channel 5 communicated with the oil return main path 9 and the first oil injection hole 1561 and a second channel 6 communicated with the oil return main path 9 and the second oil injection hole 1541; the lower bearing assembly 16 is provided with a third passage 7 communicating with the main oil return passage 9 and the third oil injection hole 1651, and a fourth passage 8 communicating with the main oil return passage 9 and the fourth oil injection hole 1631.

Referring to the description of FIG. 6, the upper bearing spacer assembly 154 and the lower bearing spacer assembly 163 have the same structure and are now described with reference to the upper bearing spacer assembly 154. The upper part of the upper bearing spacer assembly 154 is provided with a first oil return ring groove 1542, the cross section of the ring groove is trapezoidal, the contact area with lubricating oil gas is increased, and the recovery efficiency of the lubricating oil gas is greatly improved; still be equipped with the oil return export 1543 that is connected with first oil return annular 1542, oil return export 1543 is the rectangle annular, and lower part oil inlet 1544 is the rectangle annular, and first nozzle hole 1561 becomes certain angle setting for lubricated oil gas is lubricated the bearing high-efficiently accurately, has greatly improved lubricated efficiency.

Referring to the description of the attached fig. 7, the tool changing cylinder assembly 3 includes an air inlet hole 31, a tool changing cylinder body 33 and a piston assembly 32; the piston assembly 32 is arranged in the tool changing cylinder body 33; the upper part of the tool changing cylinder body 33 is provided with an air inlet hole 31, the lower part is provided with a through hole, the piston assembly 32 passes through the through hole and abuts against the small piston 34, and the central water outlet guide body 21 passes through the piston assembly 32 and the small piston 34 and extends into the top end groove 2211 of the mandrel 22; compressed gas can be introduced into the gas inlet hole 31, the piston assembly 32 is driven to drive the small piston 34 to move, the lower end face of the small piston 34 abuts against the upper end face of the mandrel 22, the mandrel 22 is driven to move downwards, and the cutter mounting assembly 4 is driven to complete cutter unloading; the central shaft 22 is sleeved with a disc spring 224, and the central water outlet guide body 21 and the central part of the central shaft 22 are provided with a channel for cooling water to flow.

The piston assembly 32 comprises a primary piston 321, a secondary piston 322, and a tertiary piston 323; the bottom of the primary piston 321 abuts against the upper part of the secondary piston 322, the secondary piston 322 abuts against the upper part of the tertiary piston 323, and the tertiary piston 323 abuts against the upper part of the small piston 34. The upper parts of the first-stage piston 321, the second-stage piston 322, the third-stage piston 323 and the small piston 34 are provided with compressed gas guide holes; the compressed gas can enter the compressed gas guide hole of the secondary piston 322 through the compressed gas guide hole of the primary piston 321 and the fit clearance between the primary piston 321 and the central water outlet guide body 21, enter the compressed gas guide hole of the tertiary piston 323 through the fit clearance between the secondary piston 322 and the central water outlet guide body 21, and enter the compressed gas guide hole of the small piston 34 through the fit clearance between the tertiary piston 323 and the central water outlet guide body 21.

The tool changing cylinder body 33 is composed of a cylinder top cover 331, a first cylinder body 332, a second cylinder body 333 and a partition 334, wherein the top of the cylinder top cover 331 is provided with an air inlet hole 31 and an installation groove embedded with a central water outlet guide body 21; the bottom of the cylinder top cover 331 abuts against the upper wall surface of the first cylinder body 332, and the cylinder top cover 331 and the first cylinder body 332 form a first-layer cavity; the bottom of the first cylinder 332 abuts against the upper wall surface of the partition 334, the first cylinder 332 and the partition 334 form a second-stage chamber, and the wall surface of the partition 334 away from the first cylinder 332 abuts against the second cylinder 333 to form a third-stage chamber. The bottom of the second cylinder 333 has a receiving cavity and abuts against the molten steel jacket assembly 13 to form a fourth-layer cavity. The primary piston 321, the secondary piston 322, the tertiary piston 323 and the small piston 34 are respectively positioned in the first layer cavity, the second layer cavity, the third layer cavity and the fourth layer cavity. Wherein, the abutting part of the cylinder top cover 331 and the first cylinder body 332, and the abutting part of the first cylinder body 332 and the clapboard 334 are respectively provided with a first air release hole 3311 and a second air release hole 3321; the bottom of the second cylinder 333 is provided with a third air release hole 3331.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3 of the specification, the mandrel 22 includes a pull rod assembly 221 and a bushing 222; the shaft sleeve 222 is sleeved on the outer surface of the pull rod; a channel for cooling water to flow is arranged in the pull rod assembly 221; the top groove 2211 is disposed at the upper end of the pull rod assembly 221. The cutter mounting assembly 4 comprises a sliding core 41, a pull claw 42 and a cutter handle 43; the upper end of the sliding core 41 is abutted against the pull rod assembly 221, and the lower end is sleeved with the pull claw 42; the lower end of the sliding core 41 is provided with a conical matching surface which is abutted with the pulling claw 42; when the sliding core 41 moves upwards, the pulling claw 42 can be opened by utilizing the conical matching surface; the outer surface of the lower end of the pulling claw 42 is provided with a boss 421; when the pulling claw 42 is spread, the boss 421 can cooperate with the bushing 222 to fix the knife handle 43. The inside of the sliding core 41 is provided with a through hole communicated with the second cooling water passage 2212 of the mandrel 22, and the through hole inside the sliding core 41 and the outer circular surface of the mandrel 22 are sealed by a sealing ring. A holder 43 having an inner through hole is connected to the slide core 41, and the inner through hole of the holder 43 is communicated with the inner through hole of the slide core 41. The lower end of the sliding core 41 is provided with a tool changing boss 411, and the tool holder 43 is provided with a tool changing pressure groove 431 matched with the tool changing boss 411; when the slide core 41 moves downward, the tool changing boss 411 abuts against the tool changing groove 431 and pushes the tool holder 43 to complete tool removal.

In a further optimized scheme of the invention, referring to fig. 9 in the specification, a spindle core step 223 is formed in the spindle 22, and when the pull rod assembly 221 descends to a proper tool striking (i.e., push rod tool changing) position in the process of descending along the inner wall of the spindle sleeve 222, the pull rod assembly 221 contacts with the spindle core inner wall step to prevent the pull rod assembly from continuously descending, so that excessive tool striking of the pull rod assembly 221 is prevented, fatigue damage of the disc spring 224 set due to excessive pressure is prevented, the service life of the spindle pull rod assembly 221 is greatly prolonged, and the tool striking and tool changing process can be stably completed for a long time.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 8 of the specification, the spindle system assembly 1 is further provided with a position sensor 19, and the position sensor 19 is capable of detecting the tool-free, broach, and unclamp positions of the spindle. The number of the position sensors 19 is three, the pull rod assembly 221 is provided with three pull rod bosses 2213, and the three position sensors 19 judge that the spindle is in a state without a cutter, with a broach or with a loose cutter by detecting the positions of the pull rod bosses 2213. The depth of the top recess 2211 of the mandrel 22 is greater than the maximum distance that the small piston 34 moves up and down.

In the conventional spindle device, the draw-bar nut is screwed to the draw-bar unit 221, and the position sensor 19 detects the position of the draw-bar nut and transmits a signal. The present invention does not use a pull rod nut, but rather a pull rod boss is designed at the upper end of the pull rod assembly 221 for signal detection of the position sensor 19. In the process of main shaft tool-breaking broach, the pull rod assembly 221 moves along the axial direction of the shaft core assembly 2, and the position sensor 19 is arranged on the molten steel sleeve assembly 13 and used for detecting the positions of the main shaft without tool, broach and loose tool, so that the main shaft tool-breaking broach signal detection mechanism is greatly simplified, the manufacturing and processing are convenient, and the product processing and manufacturing period is shortened.

The invention comprises a double air seal system, a push rod tool changing control system, an oil-gas lubricating system and a circulating water path system (refer to the attached figures 1-18 in the specification) which are formed by the characteristics.

The dual gas seal system of the present invention is primarily comprised of the following features. Referring to fig. 1 to 3 of the specification, the center outlet guide 21 is provided at the top thereof with a center inlet hole 215 for center outlet and a first compressed gas inlet hole 212. A second compressed gas inlet hole 131 and a spill hole 133 are formed at the top of the molten steel jacket assembly 13. Before the central water outlet function is started, compressed gas must be continuously introduced into the first compressed gas inlet hole 212 and the second compressed gas inlet hole 131, and the two compressed gases form a first dynamic pressure gas seal and a second dynamic pressure gas seal of the central water outlet respectively to prevent water from leaking into the main shaft. When cooling water is introduced into the central water inlet hole 215 at the top of the central water outlet guide body 21, the main shaft of the invention starts to output water from the center, the cooling water flowing through the central water outlet guide body 21 flows into the through hole in the rotating mandrel 22 at a certain flow rate, the mandrel 22 and the central water outlet guide body 21 are in clearance fit, because of the first dynamic pressure gas seal, excessive water cannot pass through the first dynamic pressure gas seal, a small amount of cooling liquid seeping through the first dynamic pressure gas seal flows out from the overflow hole 133 through the molten steel sleeve component 13 along with the second dynamic pressure gas seal, the cooling liquid passing through the through hole in the mandrel 22 flows into the through hole in the sliding core 41, the through hole in the sliding core 41 and the outer circular surface of the mandrel 22 are sealed by using the sealing ring, then the cooling liquid enters the through hole in the sliding core 43 and is sprayed outwards, the machining surfaces of a tool and a workpiece are cooled, a, the precision of cutter can be kept for a long time, and the cooling liquid flowing out of the cutter handle 43 can cool the shaft assembly 2, so that the running precision of the main shaft is greatly improved, and the service life of the main shaft is greatly prolonged. When the invention is used for processing a workpiece which is easy to generate dust particles, the central water outlet can effectively precipitate dust and prevent dust pollution. When the mirror surface milling is carried out on a workpiece, the coolant can flush away chips, and the chips are effectively prevented from scraping the machined mirror surface.

Further, referring to fig. 16 of the specification, a labyrinth seal of the spindle outlet is also included, the spindle system assembly 1 is provided with a third compressed gas inlet hole 1313, a third compressed gas passage connected to the third compressed gas inlet hole 1313, and a second gas guide sleeve 172 connected to the third compressed gas passage, the second gas guide sleeve 172 is disposed in the lower housing cover 171 and abuts against the lower bearing assembly 16, and the dust cover 18, the lower bearing assembly 16, and the spindle 22 form an exhaust passage. The exhaust passage is a labyrinth seal loop exhaust passage.

The third compressed gas inlet hole 1313 is specifically disposed at the upper portion of the molten steel jacket assembly 13, and a gas seal passage for third compressed gas is sequentially formed by through holes inside the molten steel jacket assembly 13, the upper bearing housing 1531, the machine body, the lower bearing housing 161, and the machine body lower cover 171, and compressed gas is introduced into the second gas guide sleeve 172 through the gas seal passage, is ejected from a gap portion between the second gas guide sleeve 172 and the lower bearing inner ring lock nut 166, and is then discharged to the outside of the main shaft through a labyrinth seal circuit formed by the dust cap 18, the lower bearing inner ring lock nut 166, and the spindle 22, and forms a gas curtain in the labyrinth seal passage, so that when the main shaft is operated, sewage, chips, gas, and the like outside of the main shaft are prevented from entering the main shaft, and electric main shaft.

The push rod tool changing control system of the invention mainly comprises the following characteristics. Referring to the attached drawings 1-3 of the specification, when the spindle needs to replace a tool, the spindle stops working, compressed air is introduced into the air inlet hole 31 at the top of the tool changing cylinder assembly 3, the compressed air enters the first layer cavity formed by the cylinder top cover 331 and the first cylinder body 332 through the inner through hole of the cylinder top cover 331, the compressed air gradually filling the first layer cavity forces the first-stage piston 321 to move downwards, the original air in the first layer cavity is discharged from the first air discharging hole 3311 of the first cylinder body 332, meanwhile, the compressed air also enters the second layer cavity formed by the second cylinder and the partition 334 through the matching gap between the central water outlet guide body 21 and the first-stage piston 321 and the compressed air guide hole of the first-stage piston 321, the filled compressed air and the first-stage piston 321 jointly act on the second-stage piston 322 to move downwards, the original air in the second layer cavity is discharged from the second air discharging hole 3321 of the partition 334, similarly, the secondary piston 322 and the compressed gas jointly push the tertiary piston 323 to move downwards, the original gas in the third-layer cavity is exhausted from the third gas release hole 3331 of the second cylinder 333, the tertiary piston 323 and the compressed gas jointly push the small piston 34 to move downwards, the original gas in the fourth-layer cavity formed by the second cylinder 333 and the molten steel sleeve assembly 13 is exhausted from the compressed gas hole 135, the small piston 34 moving downwards is in contact with the pull rod assembly 221, so that the pull rod assembly 221 is pushed to move downwards, the pull rod assembly 221 pushes the sliding core 41 to move downwards, the pull claw 42 is closed inwards to release the tool holder 43, and meanwhile, the sliding core 41 pushes the tool holder 43 out to complete the tool removing action; when the main shaft needs broaching, the introduction of compressed gas of the tool changing cylinder assembly 3 is stopped, compressed air is introduced into a compressed air hole 135 of the molten steel sleeve, at the moment, a compressed disc spring 224 of the pull rod assembly 221 is reset, so that the pull rod assembly 221 and the sliding core 41 move upwards, the pulling claw 42 enters an inner hole of the tool holder 43 and is outwards expanded to pull the tool holder 43, the small piston 34 of the tool changing cylinder assembly 3 is pushed to move upwards by the upward movement of the pull rod assembly 221, the small piston 34 and the pull rod assembly 221 are separated by the compressed air, the small piston 34 which moves upwards continuously pushes the first-stage, second-stage and third-stage pistons to move upwards, and at the moment, the original air. And the first, second and third layers of cavities suck gas from each air leakage hole of the tool changing cylinder assembly 3 to prevent vacuum generation, and reset and broaching actions of the tool changing cylinder assembly 3 are completed.

The oil-air lubrication system of the present invention is mainly constituted by the following features. Referring to the attached drawings 1 and 10-15 in the specification, the molten steel jacket assembly 13 is provided with a lubricating oil inlet hole respectively connected with a first oil injection hole 1561, a second oil injection hole 1541, a third oil injection hole 1651 and a fourth oil injection hole 1631, and the molten steel jacket assembly 13 is provided with an oil outlet hole 138 connected with the main oil return path 9. A plurality of first oil spray holes 1561 and a plurality of third oil spray holes 1651 are respectively and uniformly distributed on the upper oil guide sleeve 156 and the lower oil guide sleeve 165. The upper bearing spacer assembly 154 is provided with a first oil return ring groove 1542, and the first channel 5 is formed by the first oil return ring groove 1542 and a through hole inside the upper bearing seat assembly 153. The lower bearing spacer assembly 163 is provided with a second oil return ring groove 1632, and the third channel 7 is formed by the second oil return ring groove 1632 and the inner through hole of the lower bearing seat 161. The lower cover assembly is provided with a third oil return ring groove 1711, and the fourth passage 8 is formed by the third oil return ring groove 1711 and a through hole in the lower bearing base 161. The upper bearing spacer assembly 154 and the lower bearing spacer assembly 163 are both provided with oil inlets which are rectangular ring grooves, and the second oil injection hole 1541 and the fourth oil injection hole 1631 are arranged at an angle with the central axis of the main shaft system assembly 1.

The first lubricating oil gas is introduced from the first lubricating oil gas inlet hole 139, passes through a first lubricating oil gas passage formed by the through holes in the molten steel sleeve assembly 13, the upper bearing housing outer sleeve 1531 and the upper bearing housing cover plate 155, is introduced into the annular groove of the upper oil guide sleeve 156, is uniformly sprayed into the first upper bearing 151 at a certain angle by the oil spray holes uniformly distributed in the upper oil guide sleeve 156, immediately enters the oil return annular groove of the upper bearing spacer assembly 154 through the lubricating oil gas of the first upper bearing 151, passes through the internal through holes of the upper bearing spacer assembly 154 and the upper bearing housing inner sleeve 1532, passes through the first passage 5 formed by the fit clearance between the upper bearing housing outer sleeve 1531 and the upper bearing housing inner sleeve 1532 and the internal through hole of the upper bearing housing outer sleeve 1531, and is discharged out of the main shaft through the oil outlet hole 138, so as to lubricate and cool the first upper.

The oil return main path 9 is composed of the machine body assembly 11, the upper bearing seat inner sleeve 1532 and the internal through hole of the molten steel sleeve assembly 13, and finally the main shaft is discharged from the oil outlet hole 138 of the molten steel sleeve assembly 13, so that the lubrication and cooling of the second lower bearing 164 and the recovery of the lubricating oil gas are realized.

The second channel of lubricating oil gas is introduced from the second lubricating oil gas inlet hole 1310, passes through a second lubricating oil gas passage formed by the through holes in the molten steel bushing assembly 13, the upper bearing housing outer sleeve 1531, the upper bearing housing cover plate 155 and the upper bearing housing inner sleeve 1532, is introduced into the annular groove of the upper bearing spacer assembly 154, is sprayed into the second upper bearing 152 at a certain angle by a plurality of oil guide holes uniformly distributed in the upper bearing spacer assembly 154, and then passes through the matching gap between the upper bearing housing inner sleeve 1532 and the upper bearing housing outer sleeve 1531 and the second channel 6 formed by the through holes in the upper bearing housing outer sleeve 1531 to be introduced into the main oil return path 9, and is discharged out of the main shaft through the oil outlet hole 138, so that the lubrication and cooling of the second upper bearing 152 are realized.

A third lubricating oil gas is introduced from a third lubricating oil gas inlet hole 1311, passes through a third lubricating oil gas passage formed by the molten steel sleeve assembly 13, the upper bearing seat outer sleeve 1531, the machine body and the through hole in the lower bearing seat 161, and is guided into the annular groove of the lower oil guide sleeve 165, the lower oil guide sleeve 165 is provided with a plurality of third oil injection holes 1651 which are uniformly distributed, the lubricating oil gas is sprayed to the first lower bearing 162 through the third oil injection holes 1651 at a certain angle, the lubricating oil gas passing through the first lower bearing 162 immediately enters the second oil return annular groove 1632 of the lower bearing spacer assembly 163, then enters the oil return main path 9 through a third passage 7 formed by the through hole in the lower bearing spacer assembly 163 and the lower bearing seat 161, and finally is discharged out of the main shaft through the oil outlet hole 138, so that the third bearing is lubricated and cooled.

A fourth lubricating oil gas is introduced from a fourth lubricating oil gas inlet hole 1312 formed in the molten steel sleeve assembly 13, is guided into the lower bearing spacer assembly 163 through a fourth lubricating oil gas passage formed by internal through holes of the molten steel sleeve assembly 13, the upper bearing seat outer sleeve 1531, the machine body assembly 11 and the lower bearing seat 161, and is finally directly sprayed to the contact surface of the raceway of the second lower bearing 164 and the rolling body at a certain angle through a fourth oil spray hole 1631 of the lower bearing spacer assembly; the second lower bearing 164 is lubricated, and the lubricating oil gas passing through the second lower bearing 164 then enters the third oil return ring groove 1711 of the machine body lower cover assembly 17, and then enters the oil return main path 9 through the fourth channel 8 formed by the through holes in the machine body lower cover assembly 17 and the lower bearing seat 161.

The four lubricating oil gases are used for independently, uniformly and stably lubricating each row of bearings of the main shaft and taking away a large amount of heat generated by the running of the bearings, and the four lubricating oil gases passing through the bearings are finally discharged out of the main shaft from the same oil outlet 138, so that the lubricating oil gases are efficiently collected and reused, the main shaft of the invention reaches higher rotating speed, reaches 40000rpm, the service life of the main shaft is prolonged, and the efficiency is greatly improved.

The circulating water path system of the present invention is mainly composed of the following features. Referring to the attached drawing 16 in the specification, in the working process of the spindle, the lower bearing assembly 16 bears larger cutting force, the lower bearing assembly 16 generates heat greatly, the lower bearing assembly 16 generates heat at too high temperature, the rotation precision of the lower bearing assembly 16 is changed greatly to seriously affect the machining precision of the spindle, a plurality of water holes are distributed on the machine body assembly 11, the spindle system assembly 1 further comprises a machine body water jacket 10, and the machine body water jacket 10 is arranged in the machine body assembly 11 and is abutted against the inner wall of the machine body assembly 11; the engine body water jacket 10 is provided with a spiral annular groove and a sealing ring groove. The upper bearing housing shell 1531 and the lower bearing housing 161 each have an annular groove and a seal ring groove. When the main shaft works, cooling water enters the cooling liquid inlet 111 of the machine body assembly 11 from the water inlet hole 136 of the molten steel sleeve assembly 13, flows out through the first opening 112 of the machine body cooling liquid channel, firstly enters the circulation water channel of the lower bearing seat 161 to cool the lower bearing assembly 16, enters the cooling liquid channel from the second opening 113 and flows out from the third opening 114, enters the circulation water channel of the upper bearing seat outer sleeve 1531 to circularly cool the upper bearing assembly 15, enters the cooling liquid channel from the fourth opening 115, flows out from the fifth opening 116, enters the stator circulation water channel to circularly cool the stator 12, the circulated cooling liquid flows out from the sixth opening 117 and passes through the cooling liquid outlet 118, and finally flows out of the main shaft from the water outlet 137 of the molten steel jacket assembly 13. The invention realizes targeted and efficient circulating cooling from the lower bearing assembly 16, the stator 12 and the upper bearing assembly 15 in sequence by reasonably designing and arranging the cooling liquid flow channel, realizes the cooling of the lower bearing assembly 16 with higher priority, and reasonably optimizes the whole cooling performance.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric spindle comprises a spindle system component, a spindle core component, a tool changing air cylinder component and a tool mounting component, wherein the tool changing air cylinder component is arranged at the upper part of the spindle system component, and the tool mounting component is arranged at the lower part of the spindle core component; the spindle system component comprises a machine body component and a stator, the stator is arranged in the machine body component, and the shaft core component penetrates through the stator; the method is characterized in that: the spindle system component comprises a spindle core assembly and a spindle core assembly, wherein the spindle core assembly comprises a central water outlet guide body and a spindle, the central water outlet guide body and the spindle core assembly are sequentially connected, a channel for cooling water to flow is formed in the middle of the central water outlet guide body and the spindle core, a first pressure groove for high-pressure gas is formed in the joint of the central water outlet guide body and the spindle core, and the spindle system component further comprises an upper bearing assembly and a lower bearing assembly; the upper bearing assembly, the machine body assembly and the lower bearing assembly are sequentially connected; the upper bearing assembly and the lower bearing assembly are provided with oil spray holes;

the central water outlet guide body is provided with a first compressed gas inlet hole and a first compressed gas channel communicated with the first compressed gas inlet hole; the first compressed gas passage is connected to the first pressure tank.

2. The electric spindle of claim 1, wherein: the spindle system component is further provided with a second compressed gas inlet hole, a second compressed gas channel connected with the second compressed gas inlet hole and a gas guide sleeve connected with the second compressed gas channel, the gas guide sleeve surrounds the outer wall surface of the mandrel, and a second pressure groove is formed in the surface, attached to the outer wall surface of the mandrel, of the gas guide sleeve.

3. The electric spindle of claim 2, wherein: the pressure of the compressed gas introduced from the second compressed gas inlet hole is greater than that of the compressed gas introduced from the first compressed gas inlet hole.

4. The electric spindle of claim 1, wherein: the upper bearing assembly comprises an upper bearing seat assembly, an upper oil guide sleeve, a first upper bearing, an upper bearing spacer sleeve assembly and a second upper bearing, wherein the upper oil guide sleeve, the first upper bearing, the upper bearing spacer sleeve assembly and the second upper bearing are sequentially arranged in the upper bearing seat assembly; the upper oil guide sleeve is provided with a first oil injection hole facing the first upper bearing; the upper bearing spacer assembly is provided with a second oil spray hole facing the second upper bearing.

5. The electric spindle of claim 1, wherein: the lower bearing assembly is provided with a lower bearing seat, a lower oil guide sleeve, a first lower bearing, a lower bearing spacer assembly and a second lower bearing, wherein the lower oil guide sleeve, the first lower bearing, the lower bearing spacer assembly and the second lower bearing are sequentially arranged in the lower bearing seat; the lower oil guide sleeve is provided with a third oil injection hole facing the first lower bearing; and the lower bearing spacer assembly is provided with a fourth oil injection hole facing the second lower bearing.

6. Electric spindle according to any one of claims 4 to 5, characterized in that: the oil return main path is connected with the oil injection hole through a channel.

7. The electric spindle of claim 1, wherein: the tool changing cylinder assembly comprises an air inlet hole, a tool changing cylinder body and a piston assembly; the piston assembly is arranged in the tool changing cylinder body; the upper part of the tool changing cylinder body is provided with an air inlet hole, the lower part of the tool changing cylinder body is provided with a through hole, the piston assembly penetrates through the through hole and abuts against the small piston, and the central water outlet guide body penetrates through the piston assembly and the small piston and extends into the top end groove of the mandrel.

8. The electric spindle of claim 7, wherein: the mandrel comprises a pull rod assembly and a shaft sleeve; the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the outer surface of the pull rod assembly; a channel for the cooling water to circulate is arranged in the pull rod assembly; the top end groove is formed in the upper end of the pull rod assembly.

9. The electric spindle of claim 8, wherein: the cutter mounting assembly comprises a sliding core, a pull claw and a cutter handle; the upper end of the sliding core is abutted against the pull rod assembly, and the lower end of the sliding core is sleeved with the pull claw; the lower end of the sliding core is provided with a conical matching surface which is abutted against the pulling claw; when the sliding core moves upwards, the pulling claw can be opened by utilizing the conical matching surface; the outer surface of the lower end of the pull claw is provided with a boss; when the pulling claw is spread, the lug boss can be matched with the shaft sleeve to fix the knife handle.