CN107691349B - 一种虎的人工辅助繁育方法 - Google Patents
一种虎的人工辅助繁育方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107691349B CN107691349B CN201710889145.5A CN201710889145A CN107691349B CN 107691349 B CN107691349 B CN 107691349B CN 201710889145 A CN201710889145 A CN 201710889145A CN 107691349 B CN107691349 B CN 107691349B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tigers
- vitamin
- young
- tiger
- milk
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 241000282376 Panthera tigris Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 241001350462 Panthera tigris amoyensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000013350 formula milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 60
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229930003270 Vitamin B Natural products 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 102100026189 Beta-galactosidase Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010059881 Lactase Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010005774 beta-Galactosidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000020251 goat milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940116108 lactase Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000006109 methionine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N fructooligosaccharide Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(OC[C@@]2(OC[C@@]3(OC[C@@]4(OC[C@@]5(OC[C@@]6(OC[C@@]7(OC[C@@]8(OC[C@@]9(OC[C@@]%10(OC[C@@]%11(O[C@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%12O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%11O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%10O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]9O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]8O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]7O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]6O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]5O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940107187 fructooligosaccharide Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001919 adrenal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940114079 arachidonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021342 arachidonic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000000638 D-biotin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011665 D-biotin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004470 DL Methionine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L calcium D-pantothenic acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O.OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000744 eyelid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methionine Chemical compound CSCCC(N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NEGYEDYHPHMHGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-methoxyamphetamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CC(C)N)C=C1 NEGYEDYHPHMHGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013406 prebiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WPLOVIFNBMNBPD-ATHMIXSHSA-N subtilin Chemical compound CC1SCC(NC2=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)CC)C(=O)NC(=C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(O)=O)CSC(C)C2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C(=C/C)/NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C2NC(=O)CNC(=O)C3CCCN3C(=O)C(NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(=C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(N)CC=4C5=CC=CC=C5NC=4)CSC3)C(C)SC2)C(C)C)C(C)SC1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WPLOVIFNBMNBPD-ATHMIXSHSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940046010 vitamin k Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000199866 Lactobacillus casei Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013958 Lactobacillus casei Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000057717 Streptococcus lactis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014897 Streptococcus lactis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015223 cooked beef Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940032049 enterococcus faecalis Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940017800 lactobacillus casei Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018977 lysine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021119 whey protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims 1
- HCJWCUDNVVDOMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(O)(O)=O.[SeH2] Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.[SeH2] HCJWCUDNVVDOMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000020939 nutritional additive Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 102000038379 digestive enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 4
- 108091007734 digestive enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000020669 docosahexaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 201000006549 dyspepsia Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 206010000210 abortion Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 231100000176 abortion Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010055690 Foetal death Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 206010042008 Stereotypy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000008157 ELISA kit Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N adrenaline Chemical compound CNCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCC(O)=O MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009399 inbreeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020610 powder formula Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000002254 stillbirth Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000537 stillbirth Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 235000019722 synbiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- DVSZKTAMJJTWFG-SKCDLICFSA-N (2e,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e)-docosa-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C(O)=O DVSZKTAMJJTWFG-SKCDLICFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZJLLYHBALOKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Ketone, O18-Me-Ussuriedine Natural products CC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O GZJLLYHBALOKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186016 Bifidobacterium bifidum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186015 Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061762 Chondropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025962 Crush injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001034 Frostbite Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical class OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001263748 Pityopsis Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000003251 Pruritus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010047571 Visual impairment Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930003451 Vitamin B1 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003779 Vitamin B12 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003471 Vitamin B2 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003537 Vitamin B3 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003448 Vitamin K Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000004519 Yucca filamentosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003121 arginine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009697 arginine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940002008 bifidobacterium bifidum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940004120 bifidobacterium infantis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000015100 cartilage disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009404 close breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L cobalt(3+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+3].N#[C-].N([C@@H]([C@]1(C)[N-]\C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C(\C)/C1=N/C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C\C1=N\C([C@H](C1(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=C/1C)[C@@H]2CC(N)=O)=C\1[C@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](N2C3=CC(C)=C(C)C=C3N=C2)O[C@@H]1CO FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L 0.000 description 1
- -1 compound vitamin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940090949 docosahexaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KAUVQQXNCKESLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Natural products COC(=O)C(C)NOCC1=CC=CC=C1 KAUVQQXNCKESLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009088 enzymatic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001705 insufficient nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036244 malformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotinic acid amide Natural products NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxal hydrochloride Natural products CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930002330 retinoic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000037380 skin damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000004906 toe nail Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019163 vitamin B12 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011715 vitamin B12 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019164 vitamin B2 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011716 vitamin B2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019160 vitamin B3 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011708 vitamin B3 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019158 vitamin B6 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011726 vitamin B6 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种虎的人工辅助繁育方法，调整虎幼仔的配方奶粉以及繁育期华南虎等虎的营养添加剂配方，通过添加益生菌、消化酶、DHA、维生素及微量元素，重点解决饲料配方不能满足幼仔生长发育需求、幼仔吸收和消化不良等问题，初生仔兽的0‑120日龄的存活率达90％，幼兽一年的成活率达90％；同时对繁育期虎添加的营养添加剂，使配对华南虎的受孕率50％以上，死胎或弱胎的发生率低于30％。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及虎的人工辅助繁育方法。
背景技术
华南虎Panthera tigris amoyensis是我国特有的虎亚种，也是世界所有虎亚种共同的祖先(Herrington,1987)。同时，华南虎也是现存五个虎亚种中最濒危的一种(Tilsonet x1.,1997)。国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)已于19％年将华南虎列入《濒危物种红皮书》中，濒危级为E级(濒危级)。存在的灭绝危险比其它任何同级分类阶元的都要大，根据国际上分类单元优先保护的原则，应当优先予以保护。
由于乱捕滥猎，再加上山地林木被砍伐，使华南虎的衍生地不断减少，野生资源数量已急剧下降，野外已很难观察到，濒临灭绝的边缘。1995年以来，我国经过多次的野外调查，均没有发现野外存活种群的确凿证据。华南虎圈养繁殖与育幼即可以为野外种质资源提供备份，避免物种的灭绝，因而十分迫切和必要。圈养华南虎如能持续和稳定地成活和繁殖，就可以迅速壮大其种群，可以为野外华南虎的重引入提供种质资源，以达到野外种群重新复壮的目标，从而从根本上达到保护生态环境的目的，因而具有重大的生态效益和社会效益。华南虎在1960年左右在动物园中建立了人工繁育种群。但是，因为建群个体只有6只，种群发展过程中不可避免地出现了近交，并导致很严重的近交衰退，主要表现为雄虎精液质量低、雌虎繁殖能力差、母性不强、幼仔死亡率高等。圈养华南虎存在配对难、受孕难和成活难等问题。华南虎配对难主要表现为适龄繁育的华南虎合笼交配时易发生打斗相残致死的现象，这与配对虎的合笼时机有关。受孕难是指华南虎虽然频繁交配，但受孕妊娠的概率偏低，有时甚至会发生流产和死胎的现象。种群统计分析表明，幼虎在3个月内死亡率高达46％。其中重要原因是雌虎自然行为的遗失，经常出现产后遗弃幼仔的现象，而华南虎人工育幼的成功率较低。这种情况一方面是由于幼虎本身因为近亲繁育的原因，机体状况不佳或发育不良；另一方面，目前采用的人工育幼的方法也存在缺陷。因此，开展虎人工辅助繁育就成为华南虎种群复壮的关键技术之一。
许多人员进行过华南虎人工辅助繁育技术的研究，在虎的合笼配对上常采取自幼合笼饲养的现象，但这种做法常导致虎的早熟早配，且不可避免虎相互攻击致残的现象。圈养虎的受孕难、流产或死胎的现象，多与虎的营养需求得不到满中有关，多数圈养虎只提供鸡骨架、猪肉与牛肉，很少提供其他营养添加剂，这导致虎食物中牛磺酸、精氨酸、维生素A与花生四烯酸的含量不足，这是虎繁育的关键营养影响因子。华南虎人工育幼的研究，但多是采多用山羊奶或国外进口的猫用替代奶粉作为人工奶源，利由于山羊鲜奶的成份与虎自向分泌的乳汗成份差别较大，因而利用山羊鲜奶作为虎替代奶源的人工育幼方法成功率不高。利用国外进口的猫用替代奶粉作为人工奶源，虽然可以提高虎的成活率，但同样存在猫与虎乳汁成份存在一定的差别，同时虎的生长发育需求远高于猫，因而在育幼过程中易出现不能站立行走、视觉障碍、消化不良等疾病，更为重要的是，这种替代奶粉没有自主知识产权，导致来源困难，价格居高不下。其次，育幼笼箱设计不合理也是一个重要的原因，华南虎幼虎出身时自身的体温调节能力不强，不能站立行走，需要光照促进钙的吸收，人工育幼时易出现冻伤、压伤、软骨病以及皮肤破损感染的现象，这也是制约华南虎人工育幼成功的关键因素之一。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种虎的人工辅助繁育方法，其解决虎幼仔成活低的问题，并提高了配对虎的受孕率。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：一种虎的人工辅助繁育方法，其特征在于：
(1)虎幼仔的配方奶粉每100g的配比为：初生山羊奶粉82-88g,干酪蛋白4-6g.牛磺酸2.5-3.5g,花生油0.8-1.2g,奶油0.8-1.2g,益生元2.8-3.5g、益生菌180-220mg，乳清蛋白粉1-1.4g，卵磷脂80-120mg，氯化胆碱40-60mg,硫酸镁8-12mg,复合维生素200-250mg，不包括赖氨酸与蛋氨酸的氨基酸100-150mg，电解质400-450mg，微量元素10-10.5 mg,蛋氨酸85-95mg，赖氨酸90-110mg，磷酸氢二钙180-220mg,DHA 82-90mg，乳糖酶 900-1100IU；
(2)繁育期虎的营养添加剂的量为15-25g/每餐.该营养添加剂的配比为：维生素A380-420万IU，维生素D3 290-310万IU，天然维生素E 7800-8200IU，维生素K3 4-8g, 维生素B1 4-8g，维生素B2 4-8g，维生素B6 4-8g，维生素B12 5-9mg，烟酸8-12g，D- 泛酸钙18-22g，D-生物素90-110mg，叶酸0.8-1.2g,L-赖氨酸55-65g，DL-蛋氨酸55-65g，铁4-6g，锰4-6g，铜4-6g，锌4-6g，果寡糖180-220g,精氨酸110-130g,牛磺酸110-130g, 花生四烯酸55-65g,熟鸡肉粉或熟牛肉粉500-1000g.搅拌均匀后封装备用。
刚出生的虎幼兽先用吸管饲喂,用注射器测量奶液容积；直到幼兽喝配方奶粉稳定时尝试用奶瓶饲喂，首次换用奶瓶时先用奶粉和0.9％氯化钠溶液以1：8-10剂量配制，饲喂时从左边嘴角插入,按照奶速快慢调整奶孔的大小。
当虎幼仔在7-10日龄眼睑睁开时，每日添加维生素AD滴剂及钙制剂；50-60日龄时，将猪瘦肉打成浆状，伴上奶粉，填喂直至其自行采食，肉浆逐渐过渡为肉块或肉条。
虎的育幼箱箱内的温度最初保持在33-35℃，湿度保持55-85％，随着动物的稳定后，可将温度调至28-32℃，湿度应保持60-75％；育幼箱通常保持较暗的环境，但每天要保持 2-3小时的全光谱光或自然光的照射。
虎育幼箱为60×40×30cm,育幼箱，无毒塑料材质或实木材质，箱底为木质板，板面保持粗糙；当虎幼仔达45日龄时，将育幼箱或育幼间扩大至4×6×1m，箱底的木板上设置凸起的木条供其支撑站立和行走。
虎幼仔的行为塑造：当50-110日龄，室外气温20-28℃天气晴朗时，将虎幼仔放到草坪上，让其接触土壤和草木，展现行走，跑动、嗅闻、扑咬和攀爬的行为，同时放置毛巾、土金丝草、枯木或奶瓶供其拖动、玩耍和探究，育幼箱设置多个出入口，多个隔板，适度放置不同的障碍物。
配对虎的引见与配对是否合适：将拟配对的虎放置相邻的笼舍，两虎以钢网相隔，连续20天以上观察两虎相处的表现，如两虎相互嗅闻，发出呼呼的声音，则可能雌雄两虎适合配对，取华南虎的粪样作肾上腺激素的检测，如其激素水平均低于2.5ng/mg.那么两虎可以合笼交配。
本发明的有益效果如下：
1.解决虎幼仔成活低的问题，圈养华南虎以前采用自然育幼，幼兽1年的成活率仅达 35-45％，而发育不良、畸形、存在严重刻板行为的幼兽占成活幼兽的比例高达28-45％，采用本发明的育幼方法，幼兽一年的成活率达90％，发育不良、畸形、存在严重刻板行为的幼兽比例降至5％以下；
2.解决幼兽奶液配方的缺陷，通过添加益生菌、消化酶、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、维生素及微量元素，重点解决饲料配方不能满足幼仔生长发育需求、幼仔吸收和消化不良等问题，保证幼仔营养需要和易于消化吸收，采用本发明奶粉配方前，初生仔兽人工喂养0-20日龄内的死亡率达90％，使用本发明饲料配方后，初生仔兽的0-120日龄的存活率90％。
3.提供繁育期华南虎等虎的营养添加剂配方，华南虎长期饲喂替代猪肉、牛肉，会出现精子畸形，不发情，受孕难，流产或死胎等等现象，繁殖率不足30％，幼兽死胎或弱胎50％以上，使用本发明提供的华南虎繁育期营养添加剂，配对华南虎的受孕率50％以上，死胎或弱胎的发生率低于30％。
附图说明
图1是本发明方法喂养虎幼仔的体重增长情况。
具体实施方式
本发明是一种虎的人工辅助繁育方法，包括：
(1)虎幼仔的配方奶粉每100g的配比为：初生山羊奶粉82-88g,干酪蛋白4-6g.牛磺酸2.5-3.5g,花生油0.8-1.2g,奶油0.8-1.2g,益生元(低聚果糖)2.8-3.5g、益生菌(包括嗜酸乳酸菌、粪肠球菌、双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、干酵母和干乳酸球菌)180-220mg，乳清蛋白粉1-1.4g，卵磷脂80-120mg，氯化胆碱40-60mg,硫酸镁8-12mg,复合维生素200-250 mg(包括维生素E,叶酸,维生素A，维生素D，维生素B1,维生素B2,维生素B3,维生素 B6,维生素B12,生物素,维生素k和维生素C)，氨基酸100-150mg(由色氨酸,甘氨酸和精氨酸组成)，电解质400-450mg(包括氯化钠、氯化钾和碳酸氢钠)，微量元素10-10.5 mg(包括铁,锌,锰,硒和钙),蛋氨酸85-95mg，赖氨酸90-110mg，磷酸氢二钙180-220mg,DHA 82-90mg，乳糖酶900-1100IU；将所有配方中的所有物质混匀，以500克纯净水溶解，以 20号喷嘴喷雾、干燥，使奶粉粒径低于100μm,消毒后封装。
(2)繁育期虎的营养添加剂的量为15-25g/每餐.该营养添加剂的配比为：维生素A380-420万IU，维生素D3 290-310万IU，天然维生素E 7800-8200IU，维生素K3 4-8g, 维生素B1 4-8g，维生素B2 4-8g，维生素B6 4-8g，维生素B12 5-9mg，烟酸8-12g，D- 泛酸钙18-22g，D-生物素90-110mg，叶酸0.8-1.2g,L-赖氨酸55-65g，DL-蛋氨酸55-65g，铁4-6g，锰4-6g，铜4-6g，锌4-6g，果寡糖180-220g,精氨酸110-130g,牛磺酸110-130g, 花生四烯酸55-65g,为了提高适口性，添加熟鸡肉粉或熟牛肉粉500-1000g.搅拌均匀后封装备用。针对虎受孕难的现象，通过在繁育虎的饲料中添加营养添加剂的办法，使其在繁育期的营养需求得到满足，提高虎精子的活力，促进虎的受孕，同时避免虎因营养不足而发生流产、死胎的现象。
因刚出生的华南虎幼兽可能不适应人工奶嘴或不懂吸吮奶嘴，刚出生的虎幼兽可先用吸管饲喂,用注射器测量奶液容积；直到幼兽喝配方奶粉稳定时尝试用奶瓶饲喂，首次换用奶瓶时为避免呛奶，可先用奶粉和0.9％氯化钠溶液以1：8-10剂量配制，饲喂时从左边嘴角插入吸管或奶嘴要容易一些，可避免插入气管。按照奶速快慢调整奶孔的大小。
虎的育幼箱箱内的温度最初保持在33-35℃，湿度保持55-85％，随着动物的成长稳定后，可将温度调至28-32℃，湿度应保持60-75％；育幼箱通常保持较暗的环境，但每天要保持2-3小时的日炽灯或自然光的照射，当虎幼仔达45日龄时，每天照射2-3小时的自然光或全光谱光。当虎幼仔在7-10日龄眼睑睁开时，每日添加维生素AD滴剂及钙制剂。提供华南虎等虎幼兽保育时的温湿度调控参数，需要精确调控才能保证幼仔健康成长。过高的环境温度会让幼仔脱水死亡，过低的温度，会让幼仔机体衰竭死亡。湿度同样影响幼仔的生存。幼仔进行人工育雏时，不进行温湿度调控或温湿度超过本发明的参数范围，幼仔的死亡率90％以上，按照本发明提供的参数，幼仔120日龄内的成活率95％以上。
虎育幼箱为60×40×30cm,育幼箱，采用无毒塑料材质或实木材质，箱底为木质板，板面保持粗糙；当虎幼仔达45日龄时，将育幼箱或育幼间扩大至4×6×1m，箱底的木板上设置凸起的类似汽车减速板等的木条供其支撑站立和行走。
华南虎幼仔的行为塑造：当华南虎50-110日龄时，室外气温20-28℃时，天气晴朗时，可将育幼箱将开，将华南虎幼仔放到草坪上，让其接触土壤和草木，展现行走，跑动、嗅闻、扑咬和攀爬的行为，此时可将棉质毛巾或土金丝草放置草坪上，供其拖入箱内，也可放置奶瓶、枯木等供其玩耍和探究，育幼箱可设置多个出入口，多个隔板，适度放置不同的障碍物，让其寻找来回的路径，减少转圈、来回行走等刻板行为。华南虎幼仔50-60日龄时，可将猪瘦肉打成浆状，伴上奶粉，填喂直至其自行采食，肉浆逐渐过渡为肉块或肉条。
配对虎的引见与配对是否合适：将拟配对的虎放置相邻的笼舍，两虎以压花钢钢网相隔，连续20天以上观察两虎相处的表现，如两虎相互嗅闻，发出呼呼的声音，则可能雌雄两虎适合配对，取华南虎的粪样作肾上腺激素的检测，如其激素水平均低于2.5ng/mg.那么两虎可以合笼交配。本发明针对虎存在配偶选择的特性，通过配对虎的引见和虎粪便的肾上腺激素的检测，了解雌雄虎是否合适配对，从而为虎的合笼配对提供参考，避免配对虎相互打斗相残，提高合笼交配的成功率。华南虎采取引见方法，通过20天月以上的相互熟悉，结合肾上腺激素的检测，华南虎的合笼酱配对成功率达90％。
采用本发明对华南虎进行人工育幼为例，对本发明做进一步的阐述，但本发明并不限于此特定例子。
一、人工育幼
采用本发明提供的配方奶粉，100g奶粉的配比如下：初生山羊奶粉85g,干酪蛋白5g. 牛磺酸3g,花生油1g,奶油1g,益生元(含低聚果糖)3.2g、益生菌(嗜酸乳酸菌、粪肠球菌、双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、干酵母、干乳酸球菌)200mg，乳清蛋白粉1.2g，卵磷脂100mg，氯化胆碱50mg,硫酸镁10mg,复合维生素(维生素E120mg,维生素A 1500IU，维生素D400IU，维生素B1 0.5mg,维生素B2 0.6mg,维生素B3 8mg,维生素B6 0.4mg,维生素 B12 2μg,生物素60μg,叶酸2mg,、维生素k 300μg,维生素C 50mg)，氨基酸(色氨酸25mg, 甘氨酸0.5mg,精氨酸100mg)，电解质(氯化钠125mg、氯化钾50mg、碳酸氢钠250mg)，微量元素(铁5mg,锌2.6mg,锰0.9mg,硒0.2mg，钙1.5mg),蛋氨酸90mg，赖氨酸 100mg，磷酸氢二钙200mg,DHA86mg，乳糖酶(1000IU),将所有配方中的所有物质混匀，以 500克纯净水溶解，以20号喷嘴喷雾、干燥，使奶粉粒径低于100μm,消毒后封装得配方奶粉。
1-90日龄人工育幼的华南虎采用上述配方奶粉及加工方法，为促进吸收，还可以额外添加以下药物：复方消化酶采用DAGES达吉牌，韩林制药株式会社，注册证号：H20090508；益生菌采用BIOSTIME牌，合生元(广州)健康产品有限公司生产，批准文号：G20090356；乳糖酶采用上海长润生物科技有限公司生产的爱宝牌。幼仔对配方日粮的适应率达100％， 1-3月龄时全部采食配方奶粉，体重增长和发育情况见图1和表1。
选择小儿用的硅胶导尿管(型号FR6，江苏省南通三利医疗器械有限公司)作为华南虎幼仔的饲喂管，按表2的饲喂参数进行人工育幼，1-3日龄华南虎可采用刚出生猫用奶嘴 (PetAg牌猫奶粉赠送的猫奶瓶),也可使用小型婴儿奶嘴。2012-2014年，共3批次对9 只刚出生的华南虎幼仔进行人工育幼，人工育幼1年的成活率达90％。而圈养自然育幼的华南虎幼仔的1年成活率为30％，采用人用婴儿奶粉饲喂的东北朝鲜虎幼仔2只均没有成活。
表1.华南虎幼虎机体和行为发育情况观察
表2.华南虎幼兽饲喂表
刚出生的华南虎有时吮吸能力还很弱，不易将奶瓶的奶吸入，所以幼仔最初先用吸管饲喂(长度10-15厘米，吸嘴直径2cm)，直径的大小取决于幼仔的大小，用注射器测量奶液容积。直到幼仔喝配方奶粉很稳定时可尝试用奶瓶饲喂(一般3-5日龄或更长，主要取决于动物是否适应奶瓶和胶质奶头)。首次换用奶瓶时为避免呛奶，可先喂0.9％氯化钠溶液，对于华南虎来说，用初生猫或婴儿的奶嘴是合适的，奶嘴上孔的大小对调控奶的流量是重要的，应该定期检查奶嘴孔径的大小，避免乳汁流量过快。饲喂时从幼兽左边嘴角插入胃管或奶嘴要容易一些，可避免插入气管。一旦虎适应奶嘴饲喂，它饥饿时，会主动寻找奶嘴。奶液温度一般为35-38℃(与体温相一致)。为了促进华南虎对奶粉的吸收，可在奶液中酌量加入复方消化酶、合生元(含婴儿双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、低聚果糖)，当华南虎表现出对奶粉不耐受时(多表现为积食、腹泻、吐奶)还可在奶液中加入少量乳糖酶。
使用配方奶粉时，用温开水将配方奶粉冲调成液状，奶粉和开水的比例是1：8-1：4，详见表2。每100克奶粉中添加1滴乳糖酶(动物对乳糖不耐受时使用)，配方奶粉有酶的作用可在冰箱里放置24小时，或者在35-38℃的条件下静置90分钟，为了避免细菌污染，每次应只配置一次的配方奶量，90分钟水浴处理的配方奶只能保存12小时，配方奶可冷藏保存，在每次饲喂前要对所需量的奶液进行加热。
首次饲喂配方奶粉应该稀释(7克配方奶粉，93克温开水，1滴乳糖酶)，配方奶粉的浓度和量可根据动物的吸收程度和年龄进行阶段性增加(10％、12％、15％、18％、20％)，因此配方奶粉的浓度可按动物一周龄15％、三周龄20％配比，以这个速度逐步增加直到断奶，在某些情况下，小儿维生素ABCDE或钙补充剂可添加到华南虎配方奶液中，但是在多数情况下不用添加，因为配方奶粉中已经包含这些营养成份。
幼仔最初取出时3小时间隔饲喂一次，当动物稳定和稍微强壮点时可以延长4小时饲喂一次。根据动物体重调整动物饲喂量，每天要称重，7日龄内动物的饲喂标准是每天8次，饲喂量总共为体重的20-30％(每次饲喂量为体重的3.1-3.8％)，当动物饥饿时，动物腹部收缩，饱时腹部膨胀。饲喂量根据体重每隔3-4天重新估算，根据动物年龄的体重百分比，每天饲喂量逐渐减少，如大约1月龄的华南虎每天饲喂它体重的20-25％的量，在2 月龄时虎基本断奶,改食拌奶粉的肉沫或肉丁。
刚出生的虎应放置培育箱内,箱内的温度最初应保持在33-35℃，湿度应保持55-85％，随着动物的成长，可将温度调至28-32℃，湿度应保持60-75％。育幼箱通常保持较暗的环境，但每天要保持2小时左右的日炽灯或自然光的照射。当华南虎幼仔达45日龄时，要将育幼箱或育幼间扩大至4×6×1m，箱底的木板应设置类似汽车减速板等木条，供其支撑站立和行走，同时每天照射2-3小时的自然光或全光谱光。当华南虎在7-10日龄眼睑睁开时，需每日添加维生素AD滴剂及钙制剂。
60日龄时，当气温20-28℃且天气晴朗时，可将育幼箱打开，将其放到室外笼舍的草坪上，让其接触土壤和草木，展现行走、跑动、扑咬和攀爬的行为，此时可将棉质毛巾、奶瓶或篮球放置草坪上，供其玩耍，也可放置枯木供其玩耍和探究，育幼箱可设置多个出入口，多个隔板，适度放置不同的障碍物，让其寻找来回的路径，减少刻板行为。
采用本实施例设置的行为塑造，90日龄的华南虎表达行走、攀爬、嗅闻、扑咬、玩耍等多种自然行为，无来回走动、转圈等刻板行为，体重增长、体长增长与自然繁殖的虎基本一致。4年后3对人工育幼的华南虎先后产仔共4只，人工育幼的华南虎同样具有较好的繁育能力。
人工育幼与母虎育幼虎的体重增长速度相同或者更快，人工育幼动物体重和体长增长情况见图1，这里排除刚出生时体型过小的动物体重。
同窝幼仔如出现往往相互吮吸或干扰采食的现象，需要从群里分出隔离饲养。虎趾甲需要定期修剪，即便如此，当动物发育至20日龄以上，动物饲喂时也需要用毛巾包起来以避免被抓伤，驯养员穿厚实的裤子以防止动物往他们身上爬时受伤。
二、虎的繁育期管理
每只繁育期的华南虎每餐的营养添加剂的量为15-25g.营养添加剂的配比为：维生素 A400万IU，维生素D3 300万IU，天然维生素E 8000IU，维生素K3 6g,维生素B1 6g，维生素B2 6g，维生素B6 6g，维生素B12 7mg，烟酸10g，D-泛酸钙20g，D-生物素100mg，叶酸1g,L-赖氨酸60g，DL-蛋氨酸60g，铁5g，锰5g，铜5g，锌5g，果寡糖200g,精氨酸120g,牛磺酸120g,花生四烯酸60g,为了提高适口性，添加熟鸡肉粉或熟牛肉粉 500-1000g.搅拌均匀后封装备用。
虎没有明显的繁育季节,但春秋季节是繁育高峰,可以在华南虎合笼交配期即开始添加营养添加剂,供其采食,如1头雄虎1天的日粮是猪瘦肉3斤,鲜牛肉3斤,猪扇骨2斤,鸡肉 2斤,则添加配制好的营养添加剂20g,拌肉投喂,每天1次,一周4-5次。采用本实施例提供的营养添加剂投喂繁育期的3对华南虎,繁育高峰期每日交配30次以上,交配时间可长达1 分钟,在一个发情交配期内,母虎的受孕妊娠的机率达50％,而繁育期不添加任何添加剂的3 对适龄繁育虎在1年内只有1对受孕,在一次发情交配期,受孕机率低于30％.
将拟配对的华南虎放置相邻的笼舍，两虎以钢网相隔，连续20天以上观察两虎相处的表现，如两虎相互嗅闻，蹭痒,发出呼呼的响鼻声音，则可能雌雄两虎适合配对，分别取两虎的新鲜粪便(腹泻粪便除外)将0.5g湿粪中加入6mL 90％乙醇，涡旋震荡20min,3000r/min 离心20min。取上清1mL，使用上海研域有限公司生产的猫血清酶联免疫试剂盒(ELISA)，对提取的待测激素样品进行测定。吸附值在Biorad680型分光光度仪下进行。标准曲线测定值的相关系数r＝0.979。为了测量干粪中的激素浓度，将每个样品称取1g进行80℃烘干48h至恒重，然后求得每个样品的干重比例。例如，某样品湿重G g,烘干后有C g，那么其干重比例B＝C/G。实测的样品肾上腺素浓度为D，则干分含量为D/B。每天或隔天采样,连测5次,如两虎的激素水平均低于2.5ng/mg.那么说明两虎相处没有压力,可以合笼交配,可以将两虎放至100平方米以上的室外场地进行合笼,直至母虎妊娠80天左右分隔两虎。采用本实施例的引见和激素检测后,合笼交配成功率达100％,2012-2016年内,20对华南虎合笼交配未见任何打斗相残的现象.而发情期直接合笼的华南虎相互打斗的现象高达 50％。
Claims (7)
1.一种虎的人工辅助繁育方法，其特征在于：
(1)虎幼仔的配方奶粉每100g的配比为：初生山羊奶粉85g,干酪蛋白5g， 牛磺酸3g，花生油1g，奶油1g，益生元3.2g，益生菌200mg，乳清蛋白粉1.2g，卵磷脂100mg，氯化胆碱50mg，硫酸镁10mg,维生素E120mg，叶酸2mg，维生素A 1500IU，维生素D400IU，维生素B1 0.5mg，维生素B2 0.6mg，维生素B3 8mg，维生素B6 0.4mg，维生素B12 2μg，生物素60μg，维生素k 300μg，维生素C 50mg，色氨酸25mg，甘氨酸0.5mg，精氨酸100mg，氯化钠125mg，氯化钾50mg，碳酸氢钠250mg，铁5mg，锌2.6mg，锰0.9mg，硒0.2mg，钙1.5mg，蛋氨酸90mg，赖氨酸100mg，磷酸氢二钙200mg，DHA86mg，乳糖酶1000IU；所述的益生菌由嗜酸乳酸菌、粪肠球菌、双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、干酵母和干乳酸球菌组成；
(2)繁育期虎的营养添加剂的量为15-25g/每餐，该营养添加剂的配比为：维生素A380-420万IU，维生素D3 290-310万IU，天然维生素E 7800-8200IU，维生素K3 4-8g,维生素B1 4-8g，维生素B2 4-8g，维生素B6 4-8g，维生素B12 5-9mg，烟酸8-12g，D-泛酸钙18-22g，D-生物素90-110mg，叶酸0.8-1.2g,L-赖氨酸55-65g，DL-蛋氨酸55-65g，铁4-6g，锰4-6g，铜4-6g，锌4-6g，果寡糖180-220g,精氨酸110-130g,牛磺酸110-130g,花生四烯酸55-65g,熟鸡肉粉或熟牛肉粉500-1000g，搅拌均匀后封装备用；
(3)配对虎的引见与配对是否合适：将拟配对的虎放置相邻的笼舍，两虎以钢网相隔，连续20天以上观察两虎相处的表现，如两虎相互嗅闻，发出呼呼的声音，则可能雌雄两虎适合配对，取华南虎的粪样作肾上腺激素的检测，每天或隔天采样,连测5次,如其激素水平均低于2.5ng/mg.那么两虎可以合笼交配。
2.根据权利要求1所述的虎的人工辅助繁育方法，其特征在于：刚出生的虎幼兽先用吸管饲喂,用注射器测量奶液容积；直到幼兽喝配方奶粉稳定时尝试用奶瓶饲喂，首次换用奶瓶时先用奶粉和0.9％氯化钠溶液以1：8-10剂量配制，饲喂时从左边嘴角插入,按照奶速快慢调整奶孔的大小。
3.根据权利要求1所述的虎的人工辅助繁育方法，其特征在于：当虎幼仔在7-10日龄眼睑睁开时，每日添加维生素AD滴剂及钙制剂；50-60日龄时，将猪瘦肉打成浆状，伴上奶粉，填喂直至其自行采食，肉浆逐渐过渡为肉块或肉条。
4.根据权利要求1所述的虎的人工辅助繁育方法，其特征在于：虎的育幼箱箱内的温度最初保持在33-35℃，湿度保持55-85％，随着动物的稳定后，可将温度调至28-32℃，湿度应保持60-75％；育幼箱通常保持较暗的环境，但每天要保持2-3小时的全光谱光或自然光的照射。
5.根据权利要求1所述的虎的人工辅助繁育方法，其特征在于：虎育幼箱为60×40×30cm,育幼箱，无毒塑料材质或实木材质，箱底为木质板，板面保持粗糙；当虎幼仔达45日龄时，将育幼箱或育幼间扩大至4×6×1m，箱底的木板上设置凸起的木条供其支撑站立和行走。
6.根据权利要求1所述的虎的人工辅助繁育方法，其特征在于：虎幼仔的行为塑造：当50-110日龄，室外气温20-28℃天气晴朗时，将虎幼仔放到草坪上，让其接触土壤和草木，展现行走，跑动、嗅闻、扑咬和攀爬的行为，同时放置毛巾、土金丝草、枯木或奶瓶供其拖动、玩耍和探究，育幼箱设置多个出入口，多个隔板，适度放置不同的障碍物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的虎的人工辅助繁育方法，其特征在于：7日龄内动物的饲喂标准是每天8次，总饲喂量共为体重的20-30％，根据动物年龄的体重百分比，每天饲喂量逐渐减少，约1月龄的虎每天饲喂它体重的20-25％的量，在2月龄时虎基本断奶,改食拌奶粉的肉沫或肉丁。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710889145.5A CN107691349B (zh) | 2017-09-27 | 2017-09-27 | 一种虎的人工辅助繁育方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710889145.5A CN107691349B (zh) | 2017-09-27 | 2017-09-27 | 一种虎的人工辅助繁育方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107691349A CN107691349A (zh) | 2018-02-16 |
| CN107691349B true CN107691349B (zh) | 2021-04-06 |
Family
ID=61175047
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710889145.5A Active CN107691349B (zh) | 2017-09-27 | 2017-09-27 | 一种虎的人工辅助繁育方法 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107691349B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112293585A (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-02-02 | 广州长隆集团有限公司 | 一种黑猩猩亚成体通用饲料及其饲喂方法 |
| CN110692725A (zh) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-17 | 福建梅花山华南虎繁育研究所 | 一种老虎人工乳 |
| CN112640841A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-13 | 上海动物园 | 一种黑猩猩的人工育幼方法 |
| CN112617009A (zh) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-04-09 | 长沙三珍林业科技开发有限公司 | 幼虎哺乳配方组合物及其育幼方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105104302A (zh) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-02 | 广州动物园 | 一种穿山甲的人工育幼方法 |
| CN106509370A (zh) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-22 | 青岛王牌动物健康产品有限公司 | 一种动物用营养粉 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58193637A (ja) * | 1982-05-06 | 1983-11-11 | 日本農産工業株式会社 | 子牛の飼育方法 |
| EP2305222A1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2011-04-06 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Compositions and methods for enhancing the antioxidant status of animals |
| CN102524539B (zh) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-04-03 | 丁国成 | 一种动物保健剂组合物及其制备工艺 |
-
2017
- 2017-09-27 CN CN201710889145.5A patent/CN107691349B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105104302A (zh) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-02 | 广州动物园 | 一种穿山甲的人工育幼方法 |
| CN106509370A (zh) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-22 | 青岛王牌动物健康产品有限公司 | 一种动物用营养粉 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 华南虎的人工育幼;刘兆阳等;《野生动物》;20120930;第251-253页 * |
| 华南虎的繁殖管理;吴其锐;《黑龙江动物繁殖》;20041231;第45-46页 * |
| 华南虎饲养及繁殖;乐正中;《野生动物》;19910430;第24-26页 * |
| 虎不同生理时期粪便中三种生殖激素水平波动性的研究;石许秀;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》;20160131;第4-6页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107691349A (zh) | 2018-02-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Cabrera et al. | Impact of lactation length and piglet weaning weight on long-term growth and viability of progeny | |
| CN107691349B (zh) | 一种虎的人工辅助繁育方法 | |
| Van Emous et al. | Effects of dietary protein levels during rearing and dietary energy levels during lay on body composition and reproduction in broiler breeder females | |
| Wang et al. | Effects of phenyllactic acid on production performance, egg quality parameters, and blood characteristics in laying hens | |
| JP2023075359A (ja) | 微生物細胞、それを生成する方法、およびその使用 | |
| CN105104302B (zh) | 一种穿山甲的人工育幼方法 | |
| Gebert et al. | Lactobacillus brevis strain 1E1 administered to piglets through milk supplementation prior to weaning maintains intestinal integrity after the weaning event | |
| Kosiorowska et al. | Gastrointestinal development of dairy calves fed low-or high-starch concentrate at two milk allowances | |
| Fekete et al. | Interrelationship of feeding with immunity and parasitic infection: a review | |
| CN103636932B (zh) | 一种雏禽开口料及其制备方法及应用 | |
| Esselburn et al. | Intake of specific fatty acids and fat alters growth, health, and titers following vaccination in dairy calves | |
| Mou et al. | Effect of maternal organic selenium supplementation during pregnancy on sow reproductive performance and long-term effect on their progeny | |
| Elaref et al. | Influence of dietary supplementation of yeast on milk composition and lactation curve behavior of Sohagi ewes, and the growth performance of their newborn lambs | |
| Holen et al. | Effects of supplementing late-gestation sow diets with zinc on preweaning mortality of pigs under commercial rearing conditions | |
| Singh et al. | Effect of pre and postpartum alpha-tocopherol supplementation on body condition and some udder health parameters of Jersey crossbred cows at tropical lower Gangetic region | |
| Mun et al. | Milk Supplementation: Effect on piglets performance, feeding behavior and sows physiological condition during the lactation period | |
| Bikker et al. | Absorption of orally supplied immunoglobulins in neonatal piglets | |
| Wise et al. | Responses of calves to open-pail and nipple-pail systems of milk feeding | |
| Koshchayev et al. | The study of the effectiveness of the use of a new feed supplement Albit-bio in the diet of quail | |
| Baňoch et al. | Utilisation of iodine from different sources by sows and their progeny | |
| Crook et al. | Influence of an immune-modulatory feed supplement on performance and immune function of beef cows and calves preweaning | |
| Bauriedel et al. | Pig Nutrition, Selection of Diet for Studies of Vitamin B12 Depletion Using Unsuckled Baby Pigs | |
| Lewis et al. | Fatty acid profiles, growth, and immune responses of neonatal lambs fed milk replacer and supplemented with fish oil or safflower oil | |
| Galiot et al. | Effect of the administration of copper, vitamins A and D and bovine colostrum on performances, antioxidant and micronutrients status and microbiome in lactating piglets on a commercial farm | |
| Huting | The management of the lightweight piglets from modern pig systems |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |