CN107689541A - Defocusing compensation type high-power narrow-linewidth linearly polarized optical fiber laser generation system - Google Patents
Defocusing compensation type high-power narrow-linewidth linearly polarized optical fiber laser generation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种离焦补偿型大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光产生系统，包括窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源、偏振控制模块、非保偏级联光纤放大器、离焦补偿型扩束准直系统、一体化偏振与光信号提取模块以及主动偏振控制系统。从窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源输出的激光经过偏振控制模块后注入到非保偏级联光纤放大器，放大后的激光经过离焦补偿型扩束准直系统注入到一体化偏振与光信号提取模块。一体化偏振与光信号提取模块将提取到的光信号转换为电信号，注入到主动偏振控制系统。主动偏振控制系统对电信号进行处理，将控制信号施加到偏振控制模块，实现整个系统的闭环控制。该系统可同时实现大功率窄线宽、线偏振、低像差光纤激光输出。
A defocus-compensated high-power narrow-linewidth and linearly polarized fiber laser generation system, including a narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber optic seed source, a polarization control module, a non-polarization-maintaining cascaded fiber amplifier, and a defocus-compensated beam expander collimation system , an integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module and an active polarization control system. The laser output from the narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber seed source is injected into the non-polarization-maintaining cascaded fiber amplifier through the polarization control module, and the amplified laser is injected into the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction through the defocus compensation type beam expansion collimation system module. The integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module converts the extracted optical signal into an electrical signal and injects it into the active polarization control system. The active polarization control system processes electrical signals and applies the control signals to the polarization control module to realize closed-loop control of the entire system. The system can simultaneously realize high-power narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized, and low-aberration fiber laser output.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于强激光技术领域，特别是涉及一种离焦补偿型大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光产生系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of strong lasers, in particular to a defocus compensation type high-power narrow-line width and linearly polarized optical fiber laser generating system.
背景技术Background technique
大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光在相干合成、光谱合成、非线性频率变换、地球科学、原子分子物理等诸多应用领域具有广泛的应用需求。High-power narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized fiber laser has a wide range of application requirements in many application fields such as coherent synthesis, spectral synthesis, nonlinear frequency conversion, earth science, atomic and molecular physics, etc.
通常，大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光直接采用种子伺服全保偏级联放大器实现。在全保偏级联放大链路中，由于保偏光纤中受激布里渊散射增益比非保偏光纤高，因此，受激布里渊散射效应成为限制其向大功率发展的主要受限因素之一。Usually, high-power narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized fiber lasers are directly implemented by seed servo fully polarization-maintaining cascaded amplifiers. In the full polarization-maintaining cascaded amplification link, since the gain of stimulated Brillouin scattering in polarization-maintaining fiber is higher than that of non-polarization-maintaining fiber, the effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering becomes the main limitation that limits its development to high power one of the factors.
此外，现有实验结果表明保偏放大器中模式不稳定阈值明显低于同类型非保偏放大器。受激布里渊散射和模式不稳定效应的双重制约严重限制了大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光的发展。In addition, the existing experimental results show that the mode instability threshold in PM amplifiers is significantly lower than that in non-PM amplifiers of the same type. The dual constraints of stimulated Brillouin scattering and mode instability effects severely limit the development of high-power narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized fiber lasers.
为了克服上述技术瓶颈，国内外研究人员提出了主动偏振控制技术，即利用非保偏放大器进行功率提升，进而采用偏振控制器和主动控制算法对非保偏放大器偏振度进行优化，实现大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光输出。然而，传统基于主动偏振控制技术的大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光其偏振与光信号提取模块结构复杂，集成度不高，极不利于其在相干合成、光谱合成等领域的应用。此外，当大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光用于相干合成、光谱合成等领域时，高功率密度辐照下扩束准直系统、合成元件等均会产生不同程度的离焦像差。离焦像差会对导致合成系统合成效率降低、合成后激光光束质量下降。在非线性频率变换领域，离焦像差同样会对非线性频率变换效率产生重要影响。In order to overcome the above-mentioned technical bottlenecks, researchers at home and abroad have proposed active polarization control technology, that is, using a non-polarization-maintaining amplifier to increase the power, and then using a polarization controller and an active control algorithm to optimize the degree of polarization of the non-polarization-maintaining amplifier to achieve high-power and narrow polarization. Linewidth, linearly polarized fiber laser output. However, the traditional high-power narrow-linewidth and linearly polarized fiber laser based on active polarization control technology has a complex structure of polarization and optical signal extraction modules and low integration, which is extremely unfavorable for its application in the fields of coherent synthesis and spectrum synthesis. In addition, when high-power narrow-linewidth and linearly polarized fiber lasers are used in fields such as coherent synthesis and spectral synthesis, the beam expander collimation system and synthesis components under high-power-density irradiation will produce different degrees of defocus aberration. Defocus aberration will reduce the synthesis efficiency of the synthesis system and the quality of the laser beam after synthesis. In the field of nonlinear frequency conversion, the defocus aberration will also have an important impact on the efficiency of nonlinear frequency conversion.
基于上述考虑，急需在大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光系统设计时引入离焦像差补偿技术。总体而言，设计一种具有离焦补偿功能的紧凑型大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光系统具有迫切的现实意义。Based on the above considerations, it is urgent to introduce defocus aberration compensation technology in the design of high-power narrow-linewidth and linearly polarized fiber laser systems. Overall, it is of urgent practical significance to design a compact high-power narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized fiber laser system with defocus compensation function.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于提供一种离焦补偿型大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光产生系统，该系统可同时实现大功率窄线宽、线偏振、低像差光纤激光输出，为相干合成、光谱合成、非线性频率变换等领域提供性能可靠、结构紧凑的高性能光纤光源设计方案，推动大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光的整体性能提升和应用领域的进一步发展。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a defocus compensation type high-power narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized fiber laser generation system, which can simultaneously realize high-power narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized, and low-aberration fiber laser output, and is a coherent combination, spectral In the fields of synthesis, nonlinear frequency conversion, etc., we provide reliable and compact high-performance fiber optic light source design solutions to promote the overall performance improvement and further development of high-power narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized fiber lasers.
为实现本发明之目的，采用以下技术方案予以实现：For realizing the purpose of the present invention, adopt following technical scheme to realize:
一种离焦补偿型大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光产生系统，包括窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源、偏振控制模块、非保偏级联光纤放大器、离焦补偿型扩束准直系统、一体化偏振与光信号提取模块以及主动偏振控制系统。A defocus-compensated high-power narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized fiber laser generation system, including a narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber optic seed source, a polarization control module, a non-polarization-maintaining cascaded fiber amplifier, and a defocus-compensated beam expander collimation system , an integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module and an active polarization control system.
从窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源输出的激光依次经过偏振控制模块、非保偏级联光纤放大器、离焦补偿型扩束准直系统后进入一体化偏振与光信号提取模块，一体化偏振与光信号提取模块包括偏振分束器、高反镜、锥形废光收集器、衰减系统和光电探测模块，经离焦补偿型扩束准直系统准直输出的激光光束入射到偏振分束器上，由偏振分束器将入射激光光束分为s偏振光束和p偏振光束两路光束，p偏振光束作为主激光输出到自由空间，s偏振光束入射到高反镜，s偏振光束经高反镜后，大部分s偏振光束被高反镜反射到锥形废光收集器而被锥形废光收集器收集，一小部分s偏振光束从高反镜透射到衰减系统；经衰减系统衰减后的激光光束注入到光电探测模块；光电探测模块将入射到光电探测模块的激光光束的光信号转换为电信号，并将转换后的电信号输送给主动偏振控制系统；主动偏振控制系统对光电探测模块反馈的电信号进行处理，获取偏振控制信号，并将偏振控制信号施加到偏振控制模块，实现整个系统的闭环控制。其中：从窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源输出的激光经过偏振控制模块进行偏振转换后注入到非保偏级联光纤放大器中进行放大，放大后的激光光束入射到离焦补偿型扩束准直系统，通过离焦补偿型扩束准直系统中的扩束准直透镜对其进行准直和像差矫正。The laser output from the narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber seed source sequentially passes through the polarization control module, non-polarization-maintaining cascaded fiber amplifier, defocus compensation type beam expansion collimation system, and then enters the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module. The optical signal extraction module includes a polarization beam splitter, a high reflection mirror, a conical waste light collector, an attenuation system and a photoelectric detection module. The laser beam collimated by the defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system enters the polarization beam splitter Above, the incident laser beam is divided into s-polarized beam and p-polarized beam by the polarization beam splitter. After the mirror, most of the s-polarized beam is reflected by the high-reflection mirror to the conical waste light collector and collected by the conical waste-light collector, and a small part of the s-polarized beam is transmitted from the high-reflection mirror to the attenuation system; after being attenuated by the attenuation system The laser beam injected into the photoelectric detection module; the photoelectric detection module converts the optical signal of the laser beam incident on the photoelectric detection module into an electrical signal, and sends the converted electrical signal to the active polarization control system; the active polarization control system controls the photoelectric detection. The electrical signal fed back by the module is processed to obtain the polarization control signal, and the polarization control signal is applied to the polarization control module to realize the closed-loop control of the entire system. Among them: the laser output from the narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber seed source undergoes polarization conversion by the polarization control module and is injected into the non-polarization-maintaining cascaded fiber amplifier for amplification. The amplified laser beam enters the defocus compensation type beam expansion collimator The system is collimated and aberration corrected through the beam expander collimator lens in the defocus compensation type beam expander collimator system.
本发明中：离焦补偿型扩束准直系统包括两个扩束准直模块，入射到离焦补偿型扩束准直系统的激光光束首先由第一个扩束准直模块中的扩束准直透镜对其进行初步准直，初步准直后的激光光束通过第二个扩束准直模块中的扩束准直透镜对其进行二次准直和像差矫正后输出。其中：扩束准直模块包括筒形内壳、筒形外壳、导热模块和扩束准直透镜，所述扩束准直透镜竖直安装在内壳内，所述内壳套设在外壳内，内壳和外壳之间设置有用于导出扩束准直模块产生的废热的导热模块；两个扩束准直模块通过旋转套件水平连接在一起，旋转套件的两端分别与两个扩束准直模块的外壳螺纹连接，通过旋转调节旋转套件，便可调节两个扩束准直透镜之间的间距。所述导热模块包括进水孔、出水孔以及水冷管路，外部的冷水经进水孔进入到导热模块中的水冷管路，对扩束准直模块进行强制水冷后经出水孔流出。本发明通过旋转调节旋转套件，便可调节两个扩束准直透镜之间的间距，实现高功率下的离焦补偿。为了实现高精度、大范围离焦补偿，需通过精确设计旋转套件上的螺纹间距和螺纹范围确保旋转套件的调节精度和调节范围。本发明中导热模块用于导出扩束准直模块产生的废热，防止热积累，对透镜等器件造成热损伤。导热模块嵌入在每一个扩束准直模块的内外壳之间。导热模块内部设置有水冷管路，水冷管路包括进水管路和出水管路。导热模块材料可以是铝合金、铜等导热材料。当光纤激光运行在大功率时，进水孔和出水孔将与外界水冷系统连接，对离焦补偿型扩束准直系统进行强制水冷。In the present invention: the defocus compensation type beam expansion collimation system includes two beam expansion collimation modules, and the laser beam incident to the defocus compensation type beam expansion collimation system is first expanded by the beam expansion collimation module in the first beam expansion collimation module. The collimating lens performs preliminary collimation, and the primary collimated laser beam is output after secondary collimation and aberration correction by the beam expanding collimating lens in the second beam expanding and collimating module. Wherein: the beam expander collimation module includes a cylindrical inner shell, a cylindrical outer shell, a heat conduction module and a beam expander collimator lens, the beam expander collimator lens is vertically installed in the inner shell, and the inner shell is sleeved in the outer shell , between the inner shell and the outer shell, there is a heat conduction module for discharging the waste heat generated by the beam expander and collimator modules; The housing of the straight module is threaded, and the distance between the two beam expander collimating lenses can be adjusted by rotating the rotating kit. The heat conduction module includes a water inlet hole, a water outlet hole and a water cooling pipeline. External cold water enters the water cooling pipeline in the heat conduction module through the water inlet hole, and flows out through the water outlet hole after forced water cooling of the beam expander and collimation module. In the present invention, the distance between two beam expander collimating lenses can be adjusted by rotating and adjusting the rotating kit, so as to realize defocus compensation under high power. In order to achieve high-precision and wide-range defocus compensation, it is necessary to accurately design the thread pitch and thread range on the rotary kit to ensure the adjustment accuracy and adjustment range of the rotary kit. In the present invention, the heat conduction module is used for deriving waste heat generated by the beam expander and collimation module, so as to prevent heat accumulation from causing thermal damage to devices such as lenses. The heat conduction module is embedded between the inner and outer shells of each beam expander and collimator module. A water-cooling pipeline is arranged inside the heat conduction module, and the water-cooling pipeline includes a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline. The material of the heat conduction module may be heat conduction materials such as aluminum alloy and copper. When the fiber laser is running at high power, the water inlet and outlet holes will be connected to the external water cooling system to perform forced water cooling on the defocus compensation type beam expansion collimation system.
本发明中将两个扩束准直模块分别设为第一扩束准直模块和第二扩束准直模块，第一扩束准直模块中的内壳伸入到第二扩束准直模块的内壳与外壳之间，第二扩束准直模块的外壳外侧设置有一锁定顶丝，锁定顶丝经外壳上的穿孔从外壳的外侧伸入到外壳内侧将第一扩束准直模块的内壳的伸入位置锁定，所述第一扩束准直模块的内壳上开设有与锁定顶丝配合的锁定孔，锁定顶丝插入相应的锁定孔实现锁定。进一步地。锁定顶丝还可以依次穿过旋转套件、第二扩束准直模块的外壳后插入第一扩束准直模块内壳上相应的锁定孔内实现锁定，这样锁定顶丝可以将旋转套件固定在最优位置。在旋转套件、第一扩束准直模块内壳或/和第二扩束准直模块的外壳上开设有多个供锁定顶丝穿插的锁定孔，便于根据实际情况调整锁定顶丝锁定的位置。在实际应用系统中，当离焦补偿效果达到预期目标后，可通过调节锁定顶丝锁定第一扩束准直模块和第二扩束准直模块之间的相对位置，即实现两个扩束准直透镜之间间距的锁定。In the present invention, the two beam expanding and collimating modules are respectively set as the first beam expanding and collimating module and the second beam expanding and collimating module, and the inner casing in the first beam expanding and collimating module extends into the second beam expanding and collimating module. Between the inner shell and the outer shell of the module, a locking screw is provided outside the outer shell of the second beam expander and collimator module, and the locking jack screw extends from the outer side of the shell to the inner side of the shell through the perforation on the shell, and the first beam expander collimator module The insertion position of the inner shell of the first beam expander and collimation module is locked, and the inner shell of the first beam expander collimation module is provided with a locking hole that cooperates with a locking jack screw, and the locking jack screw is inserted into the corresponding locking hole to achieve locking. further. The locking jackscrew can also pass through the outer shell of the rotating sleeve and the second beam expansion and collimation module in turn, and then insert it into the corresponding locking hole on the inner shell of the first beam expanding and collimating module to achieve locking, so that the locking jacking wire can fix the rotating sleeve on the optimal location. A plurality of locking holes are provided on the rotation kit, the inner shell of the first beam expander and collimator module or/and the outer shell of the second beam expander and collimator module for the insertion of the locking jackscrew, which is convenient for adjusting the locking position of the locking jackscrew according to the actual situation . In the actual application system, when the defocus compensation effect reaches the expected target, the relative position between the first beam expander collimation module and the second beam expander collimator module can be locked by adjusting the locking jackscrew, that is, two beam expander collimator modules can be realized. Locking of the spacing between collimating lenses.
本发明的一体化偏振与光信号提取模块设置在旋转台上，旋转台能够实现一体化偏振与光信号提取模块的360度可旋转。进一步地，所述旋转台还包括固定件，固定件能够实现旋转台与第二扩束准直模块之间位置的锁定。旋转台上的固定件也为一个锁定顶丝。第二扩束准直模块的内壳伸向旋转台，第二扩束准直模块的内壳与旋转台之间能够通过锁定顶丝锁定连接。通过调节锁定顶丝，能够实现一体化偏振与光信号提取模块与离焦补偿型扩束准直系统之间的位置锁定。在实际操作中，当调节旋转台使得系统输出主激光功率达到最大时，便可通过固定件锁定旋转台。The integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module of the present invention is arranged on a rotating platform, and the rotating platform can realize 360-degree rotation of the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module. Further, the rotating table further includes a fixing member, which can realize the locking of the position between the rotating table and the second beam expander and collimation module. The fixture on the turntable is also a locking jackscrew. The inner casing of the second beam expansion and collimation module extends toward the rotary table, and the inner casing of the second beam expansion and collimation module and the rotary table can be locked and connected by locking jackscrews. By adjusting the locking screw, the position locking between the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module and the defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system can be realized. In actual operation, when the rotating table is adjusted so that the main laser power output by the system reaches the maximum, the rotating table can be locked by the fixing piece.
一体化偏振与光信号提取模块中，为了减小系统的热畸变，一体化偏振与光信号提取模块中的偏振分束器和高反镜分别装配在水冷式制冷套件上。一体化偏振与光信号提取模块设置有水冷管路，水冷管路包覆在一体化偏振与光信号提取模块的外侧，偏振分束器和高反镜的水冷式制冷套件分别与一体化偏振与光信号提取模块上的水冷管路相互联通，一体化偏振与光信号提取模块的水冷管路上设有与外界水冷系统连接的进水孔和出水孔，外界水冷系统中的冷水经进水孔进入水冷管路后分别给安装在水冷式制冷套件上的偏振分束器和高反镜进行强制水冷。运行在大功率时，进水孔和出水孔将与外界水冷系统连接，对一体化偏振与光信号提取模块进行强制水冷，确保系统性能稳定。In the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module, in order to reduce the thermal distortion of the system, the polarization beam splitter and high reflection mirror in the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module are respectively assembled on the water-cooled refrigeration kit. The integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module is equipped with a water-cooling pipeline, and the water-cooling pipeline is wrapped on the outside of the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module. The water-cooling pipelines on the optical signal extraction module are connected to each other. The water-cooling pipeline of the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module is provided with a water inlet hole and a water outlet hole connected to the external water-cooling system. The cold water in the external water-cooling system enters through the water inlet hole After the water-cooling pipeline, the polarizing beam splitter and the high reflection mirror installed on the water-cooling refrigeration kit are respectively forcedly water-cooled. When running at high power, the water inlet and outlet holes will be connected to the external water cooling system, and the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module will be forced to water-cooled to ensure stable system performance.
本发明中所述窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源实现方式不限，可以是单频线偏振光纤种子源、单频线偏振光纤种子经相位调制方法产生的窄线宽激光源、直接振荡腔产生的窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源、超荧光光源滤波产生的窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源、随机激光滤波产生的窄线宽线偏振光纤激光种子源等。窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源的中心波长不限，可以是1微米波段(1030nm～1100nm)、长波波段(1100nm～1150nm)、2微米波段之内的任意波长。窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源时域特性不限，可以是连续激光或脉冲激光。The implementation of the narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber seed source in the present invention is not limited, and it can be a single-frequency linearly polarized fiber-optic seed source, a narrow-linewidth laser source generated by a single-frequency linearly polarized fiber seed through a phase modulation method, or a direct oscillation cavity. Narrow linewidth linearly polarized fiber optic seed source, narrow linewidth linearly polarized fiber optic seed source generated by ultra-fluorescent light source filtering, narrow linewidth linearly polarized fiber laser seed source generated by random laser filtering, etc. The central wavelength of the narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber seed source is not limited, and can be any wavelength within the 1 micron band (1030nm-1100nm), the long-wave band (1100nm-1150nm), and the 2-micron band. The time-domain characteristics of the narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber seed source are not limited, and it can be a continuous laser or a pulsed laser.
本发明中所述的偏振控制模块为可将输入偏振光转换为期望偏振光输出的电控偏振控制器件，其类型不限，可以是方位角型偏振控制模块、延迟量型偏振控制模块、方位角-延迟量型偏振控制模块等，其响应波长、控制精度、响应速度根据实际控制系统参数确定。The polarization control module described in the present invention is an electronically controlled polarization control device that can convert input polarized light into desired polarized light output. For the angle-delay type polarization control module, etc., the response wavelength, control accuracy and response speed are determined according to the actual control system parameters.
本发明中所述的非保偏级联光纤放大器将种子功率通过多级非保偏光纤放大器提高到预期水平，其放大级数根据输出功率水平确定，增益光纤掺杂离子根据种子波长确定。光纤参数、泵浦结构可根据放大功率水平有多种选择。The non-polarization-maintaining cascaded optical fiber amplifier described in the present invention increases the seed power to the expected level through multi-stage non-polarization-maintaining optical fiber amplifiers, the number of amplification stages is determined according to the output power level, and the gain fiber doping ions are determined according to the seed wavelength. Fiber parameters and pump structure can be selected in various ways according to the amplification power level.
本发明中所述离焦补偿型扩束准直系统由两个扩束准直模块构成，每个扩束准直模块包含一个扩束准直透镜，两个扩束准直透镜的焦距根据扩束后光斑和像差的大小确定。透镜的材料选择多样，可以是融石英、ZnSe、CaF2等，增透膜镀膜方式选择多样，可以是单层镀膜或多层镀。The defocus compensation type beam expansion collimation system described in the present invention is composed of two beam expansion collimation modules, each beam expansion collimation module contains a beam expansion collimation lens, and the focal lengths of the two beam expansion collimation lenses are based on the The size of the post-beam spot and aberrations is determined. There are various choices of lens materials, such as fused silica, ZnSe, CaF2, etc., and various anti-reflection coating methods, which can be single-layer coating or multi-layer coating.
本发明中，偏振分束器设置在旋转台上。通过调节旋转台，便可选择出入射到偏振分束器上的最佳入射角度，实现最大功率的纯线偏振激光输出。偏振分束器将离焦补偿型扩束准直系统注入的光束分为两束，其实现方式多样，可以是偏振分束片、格兰棱镜、布鲁斯特窗等。所述的偏振分束器材料不限，可以是石英、K9、钒酸钇、方解石、偏硼酸钡等不同的晶体材料。In the present invention, the polarizing beam splitter is arranged on the rotating platform. By adjusting the rotary table, the best incident angle to the polarization beam splitter can be selected to achieve the maximum power of pure linearly polarized laser output. The polarization beam splitter divides the beam injected by the defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system into two beams, which can be implemented in various ways, such as polarization beam splitters, Glan prisms, Brewster windows, etc. The material of the polarizing beam splitter is not limited, and may be different crystal materials such as quartz, K9, yttrium vanadate, calcite, and barium metaborate.
本发明中，一体化偏振与光信号提取模块中的高反镜用于改变光路，其构成材料不限，可根据输出激光功率密度有多种选择。反射波长范围由窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源中心波长确定。锥形废光收集器用于收集偏振控制后剩余的废光，衰减系统用于对高反镜透射的激光强度进行衰减，防止光电探测模块发生饱和。光电探测模块将光信号转换为电信号，其响应波长由窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源中心波长确定。固定件用于一体化偏振与光信号提取模块与离焦补偿型扩束准直系统之间的固定。In the present invention, the high-reflection mirror in the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module is used to change the optical path, and its constituent materials are not limited, and there are multiple choices according to the output laser power density. The reflection wavelength range is determined by the central wavelength of the narrow linewidth linearly polarized fiber optic seed source. The conical waste light collector is used to collect the remaining waste light after polarization control, and the attenuation system is used to attenuate the laser intensity transmitted by the high reflection mirror to prevent the photodetection module from being saturated. The photoelectric detection module converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and its response wavelength is determined by the central wavelength of the narrow-linewidth linearly polarized optical fiber seed source. The fixing piece is used for fixing between the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module and the defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system.
主动偏振控制系统对一体化偏振与光信号提取模块中光电探测模块探测的电信号进行算法处理，获取偏振控制信号，进而施加到偏振控制模块，实现整个系统的闭环控制。主动偏振控制系统算法实现方式多样，可以是随机并行梯度下降算法、爬山法等。The active polarization control system performs algorithmic processing on the electrical signal detected by the photodetection module in the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module, obtains the polarization control signal, and then applies it to the polarization control module to realize the closed-loop control of the entire system. The algorithm of the active polarization control system can be implemented in various ways, such as stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm, hill climbing method, etc.
从窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源输出的激光首先经过偏振控制模块后注入到非保偏级联光纤放大器中进行放大。放大后的激光经过离焦补偿型扩束准直系统注入到一体化偏振与光信号提取模块。离焦补偿型扩束准直系统基于双透镜组合实现光束准直。双透镜之间的距离设计为可调节，实现离焦像差补偿。一体化偏振与光信号提取模块实现光束起偏、废光收集、光信号提取等功能。经过偏振与光信号提取模块，主激光直接输出到自由空间，提取到的光信号转换为电信号，注入到主动偏振控制系统。主动偏振控制系统对电信号进行算法处理，将控制信号施加到偏振控制模块，实现整个系统的闭环控制。相对于现有技术，本发明产生了以下有益技术效果：The laser output from the narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber seed source first passes through the polarization control module and then injected into the non-polarization-maintaining cascaded fiber amplifier for amplification. The amplified laser is injected into the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module through the defocus compensation beam expander collimation system. The defocus compensation beam expander collimation system realizes beam collimation based on a double-lens combination. The distance between the double lenses is designed to be adjustable to achieve defocus aberration compensation. The integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module realizes the functions of beam polarization, waste light collection, and optical signal extraction. After the polarization and optical signal extraction module, the main laser is directly output to the free space, and the extracted optical signal is converted into an electrical signal and injected into the active polarization control system. The active polarization control system performs algorithmic processing on the electrical signal, and applies the control signal to the polarization control module to realize the closed-loop control of the entire system. Compared with the prior art, the present invention produces the following beneficial technical effects:
1、本发明可同时实现大功率窄线宽、线偏振、低像差光纤激光输出。1. The present invention can simultaneously realize high-power narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized, and low-aberration fiber laser output.
2、本发明通过设计离焦补偿型扩束准直系统，基于旋转套件实现双透镜组之间间距的高精度、大范围可调节，进而对高功率下光纤激光的离焦像差进行补偿。2. The present invention designs a defocus-compensated beam expander collimation system, realizes high-precision and wide-range adjustment of the distance between the double lens groups based on the rotating kit, and then compensates the defocus aberration of the fiber laser under high power.
3、本发明提供了一体化偏振与光信号提取模块，采用紧凑结构可实现光束取样、废光处理、光电信号转换等功能。3. The present invention provides an integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module, which can realize functions such as beam sampling, waste light treatment, and photoelectric signal conversion by adopting a compact structure.
4、本发明具备通用性：从时域特性而言，该系统可用于连续光纤激光或纳秒、皮秒、飞秒等脉冲光纤激光；从频域特性而言，该系统可用于1微米、长波、2微米等不同波段分布的激光。4. The present invention has versatility: in terms of time domain characteristics, the system can be used for continuous fiber lasers or pulsed fiber lasers such as nanoseconds, picoseconds, and femtoseconds; in terms of frequency domain characteristics, the system can be used for 1 micron, Lasers distributed in different wavelength bands such as long wave and 2 microns.
5、本发明中，窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源实现方式多样；偏振控制模块类型选择多样；扩束准直透镜、偏振分束器、高反镜等器件的材料选取、镀膜方式选择多样；主动偏振控制系统控制算法实现方式多样。5. In the present invention, there are various ways to implement the narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber optic seed source; various types of polarization control modules; various choices of materials and coating methods for beam expander collimator lenses, polarizing beam splitters, and high-reflection mirrors; The control algorithm of the active polarization control system can be implemented in various ways.
综上，本发明在强激光技术领域，特别是大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光及其应用领域具有重大的应用价值。In summary, the present invention has great application value in the field of strong laser technology, especially in the field of high-power narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized fiber laser and its application.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure principle of the present invention.
图中包括：窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源1、偏振控制模块2、非保偏级联光纤放大器3、离焦补偿型扩束准直系统4、一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5、主动偏振控制系统6。The figure includes: narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber seed source 1, polarization control module 2, non-polarization-maintaining cascaded fiber amplifier 3, defocus compensation type beam expansion collimation system 4, integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5, active Polarization control system6.
其中，离焦补偿型扩束准直系统4中包含两个扩束准直模块和一个固定件47和一个旋转套件48：第一扩束准直模块包含第一扩束准直透镜41-1、第一扩束准直模块内壳42-1、第一扩束准直模块外壳43-1、第一导热模块44-1、第一进水孔45-1、第一出水孔46-1；第二扩束准直模块包括第二扩束准直透镜41-2、第二扩束准直模块内壳42-2、第二扩束准直模块外壳43-2、第二导热模块44-2、第二进水孔45-2、第二出水孔46-2。Among them, the defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system 4 includes two beam expander collimation modules, a fixed part 47 and a rotating set 48: the first beam expander collimator module includes the first beam expander collimator lens 41-1 , The inner shell of the first beam expansion and collimation module 42-1, the shell of the first beam expansion and collimation module 43-1, the first heat conduction module 44-1, the first water inlet hole 45-1, the first water outlet hole 46-1 The second beam expansion and collimation module includes a second beam expansion and collimation lens 41-2, a second beam expansion and collimation module inner shell 42-2, a second beam expansion and collimation module shell 43-2, and a second heat conduction module 44 -2, the second water inlet hole 45-2, the second water outlet hole 46-2.
一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5包含：旋转台51、偏振分束器52、高反镜53、锥形废光收集器54、衰减系统55、光电探测模块56、偏振分束器制冷套件57-1、高反镜制冷套件57-2、进水孔58-1、出水孔58-2、旋转台固定件59。The integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5 includes: a rotating table 51, a polarization beam splitter 52, a high reflection mirror 53, a conical waste light collector 54, an attenuation system 55, a photoelectric detection module 56, and a polarization beam splitter cooling kit 57 -1. High reflection mirror refrigeration kit 57-2, water inlet hole 58-1, water outlet hole 58-2, rotating table fixing part 59.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例图中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，做进一步详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不仅限于此。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and further detailed descriptions will be given, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
参照图1，本发明提供一种离焦补偿型大功率窄线宽、线偏振光纤激光产生系统，包括窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源1、偏振控制模块2、非保偏级联光纤放大器3、离焦补偿型扩束准直系统4、一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5以及主动偏振控制系统6。Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention provides a defocus compensation type high-power narrow-linewidth, linearly polarized fiber laser generation system, including a narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber optic seed source 1, a polarization control module 2, and a non-polarization-maintaining cascaded fiber amplifier 3 , a defocus compensation beam expander collimation system 4, an integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5, and an active polarization control system 6.
从窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源1输出的激光经过偏振控制模块2进行偏振转换后注入到非保偏级联光纤放大器3中进行放大，放大后的激光光束入射到离焦补偿型扩束准直系统4，通过离焦补偿型扩束准直系统4中的扩束准直透镜对其进行准直和像差矫正。The laser output from the narrow-linewidth linearly polarized fiber seed source 1 undergoes polarization conversion through the polarization control module 2 and is injected into the non-polarization-maintaining cascaded fiber amplifier 3 for amplification. The amplified laser beam is incident on the defocus compensation type beam expander The collimation system 4 is collimated and aberration corrected through the beam expander collimator lens in the defocus compensation type beam expander collimator system 4 .
本实施例中：离焦补偿型扩束准直系统4包括包含两个扩束准直模块和一个旋转套件48。两个扩束准直模块分别为第一扩束准直模块和第二扩束准直模块。第一扩束准直模块包含第一扩束准直透镜41-1、第一扩束准直模块内壳42-1、第一扩束准直模块外壳43-1、第一导热模块44-1、第一进水孔45-1、第一出水孔46-1；第一扩束准直透镜41-1竖直安装在第一扩束准直模块内壳42-1中，第一扩束准直模块内壳42-1套设在第一扩束准直模块外壳43-1内，第一扩束准直模块内壳42-1和第一扩束准直模块外壳43-1之间设置有用于导出扩束准直模块产生的废热的第一导热模块44-1。所述第一导热模块44-1包括第一进水孔45-1、第一出水孔46-1以及水冷管路，外部的冷水经第一进水孔45-1进入到第一导热模块44-1中的水冷管路，对扩束准直模块进行强制水冷后经第一出水孔46-1流出。第二扩束准直模块包括第二扩束准直透镜41-2、第二扩束准直模块内壳42-2、第二扩束准直模块外壳43-2、第二导热模块44-2、第二进水孔45-2、第二出水孔46-2。第二扩束准直模块的各组成部件及其连接关系与第一扩束准直模块相同，在此不再赘述。两个扩束准直模块通过旋转套件48水平连接在一起，旋转套件48的两端分别与两个扩束准直模块的外壳螺纹连接，通过旋转调节旋转套件48，便可调节两个扩束准直透镜之间的间距。In this embodiment: the defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system 4 includes two beam expander collimator modules and a rotating set 48 . The two beam expanding and collimating modules are respectively a first beam expanding and collimating module and a second beam expanding and collimating module. The first beam expansion and collimation module includes a first beam expansion and collimation lens 41-1, a first beam expansion and collimation module inner shell 42-1, a first beam expansion and collimation module shell 43-1, a first heat conduction module 44- 1. The first water inlet hole 45-1, the first water outlet hole 46-1; the first beam expander collimator lens 41-1 is installed vertically in the inner shell 42-1 of the first beam expander collimator module, the first beam expander collimator lens 41-1 The inner shell 42-1 of the beam collimation module is sleeved in the outer shell 43-1 of the first beam expansion and collimation module, and the inner shell 42-1 of the first beam expansion and collimation module and the outer shell 43-1 of the first beam expansion and collimation module A first heat conduction module 44-1 is arranged between them to conduct waste heat generated by the beam expander and collimator module. The first heat conduction module 44-1 includes a first water inlet hole 45-1, a first water outlet hole 46-1 and a water cooling pipeline, and external cold water enters the first heat conduction module 44 through the first water inlet hole 45-1 The water-cooling pipeline in -1 flows out through the first water outlet hole 46-1 after forced water cooling of the beam expander and collimator module. The second beam expansion and collimation module includes a second beam expansion and collimation lens 41-2, a second beam expansion and collimation module inner shell 42-2, a second beam expansion and collimation module shell 43-2, and a second heat conduction module 44- 2. The second water inlet hole 45-2 and the second water outlet hole 46-2. The components of the second beam expansion and collimation module and their connections are the same as those of the first beam expansion and collimation module, and will not be repeated here. The two beam expander and collimation modules are horizontally connected together through the rotating sleeve 48, and the two ends of the rotating sleeve 48 are respectively threaded with the casings of the two beam expander and collimation modules. By rotating and adjusting the rotating sleeve 48, the two beam expanders can be adjusted. The spacing between collimating lenses.
经非保偏级联光纤放大器3放大后的激光光束入射至第一扩束准直模块中的第一扩束准直透镜41-1，由第一扩束准直透镜41-1对其进行初步准直，初步准直后的激光光速随后入射至第二扩束准直模块中，第二扩束准直模块中的第二扩束准直透镜41-2对入射激光光束进行二次准直和像差矫正。The laser beam amplified by the non-polarization-maintaining cascaded fiber amplifier 3 enters the first beam expanding collimating lens 41-1 in the first beam expanding and collimating module, and is processed by the first beam expanding and collimating lens 41-1. Preliminary collimation, the laser light speed after preliminary collimation is then incident into the second beam expansion collimation module, and the second beam expansion collimation lens 41-2 in the second beam expansion collimation module performs secondary collimation on the incident laser beam Straightness and aberration correction.
第一扩束准直透镜41-1和第二扩束准直透镜41-2之间的距离通过旋转套件48实现可调节。第一扩束准直模块与第二扩束准直模块之间通过旋转套件48水平连接。第一扩束准直模块与旋转套件48之间、第二扩束准直模块与旋转套件48之间均通过螺纹连接，通过旋转调节旋转套件48，便可调节第一扩束准直模块中的第一扩束准直透镜41-1和第二扩束准直模块中的扩束准直透镜41-2之间的间距，实现高功率下的离焦补偿。第一扩束准直透镜41-1和第二扩束准直透镜41-2之间最终调整的间距是根据非保偏级联光纤放大器3的纤芯尺寸、离焦像差的大小和准直后光斑尺寸的大小共同确定的。为了实现高精度、大范围离焦补偿，需通过精确设计旋转套件48上的螺纹间距和螺纹范围确保旋转套件48的调节精度和调节范围。The distance between the first beam expander and collimator lens 41 - 1 and the second beam expander collimator lens 41 - 2 can be adjusted by rotating the sleeve 48 . The first beam expander and collimator module is horizontally connected to the second beam expander and collimator module through a rotating sleeve 48 . Between the first beam expansion and collimation module and the rotation sleeve 48, between the second beam expansion and collimation module and the rotation sleeve 48 are all connected by threads, and by rotating and adjusting the rotation sleeve 48, the first beam expansion and collimation module can be adjusted. The distance between the first beam expander collimator lens 41-1 and the beam expander collimator lens 41-2 in the second beam expander collimator module realizes defocus compensation under high power. The final adjusted distance between the first beam expander collimator lens 41-1 and the second beam expander collimator lens 41-2 is based on the core size of the non-polarization maintaining cascaded fiber amplifier 3, the size of the defocus aberration and the collimator. The size of the straight spot size is jointly determined. In order to achieve high-precision and wide-range defocus compensation, it is necessary to precisely design the thread pitch and thread range on the rotary sleeve 48 to ensure the adjustment accuracy and adjustment range of the rotary sleeve 48 .
第一扩束准直模块内壳42-1延伸至第二扩束准直模块外壳43-2内。第二扩束准直模块外壳43-2外侧设置有一固定件47，固定件47为一个锁定顶丝。第一扩束准直模块内壳42-1在固定件47锁定范围内。具体地，锁定顶丝经第二扩束准直模块外壳43-2上的穿孔从第二扩束准直模块外壳43-2的外侧伸入到外壳内侧将第一扩束准直模块内壳42-1的伸入位置锁定。所述第一扩束准直模块内壳42-1上开设有与锁定顶丝配合的锁定孔，锁定顶丝插入相应的锁定孔实现位置锁定。进一步地，固定件47用于将旋转套件48固定在最优位置。锁定顶丝还可以依次穿过旋转套件48、第二扩束准直模块外壳43-2后插入第一扩束准直模块内壳42-1上相应的锁定孔内实现锁定，这样锁定顶丝可以将旋转套件48固定在最优位置。在旋转套件、第一扩束准直模块内壳或/和第二扩束准直模块外壳上开设有多个供锁定顶丝穿插的锁定孔，便于根据实际情况调整锁定顶丝锁定的位置。在实际应用系统中，当离焦补偿效果达到预期目标后，可通过调节固定件47锁定第一扩束准直模块和第二扩束准直模块之间的相对位置，即实现扩束准直透镜41-1和41-2之间间距的锁定。The inner shell 42-1 of the first beam expander and collimator module extends into the outer shell 43-2 of the second beam expander and collimator module. A fixing piece 47 is arranged on the outer side of the second beam expanding and collimating module housing 43 - 2 , and the fixing piece 47 is a locking screw. The inner casing 42 - 1 of the first beam expander and collimator module is within the locking range of the fixing member 47 . Specifically, the locking jack wire extends from the outside of the second beam expansion and collimation module shell 43-2 to the inside of the shell through the perforation on the second beam expansion and collimation module shell 43-2, and the inner shell of the first beam expansion and collimation module The extended position of 42-1 is locked. The inner housing 42-1 of the first beam expander and collimation module is provided with a locking hole that cooperates with a locking screw, and the locking screw is inserted into the corresponding locking hole to achieve position locking. Further, the fixing member 47 is used to fix the rotating sleeve 48 at an optimal position. The locking screw can also be inserted into the corresponding locking hole on the inner shell 42-1 of the first beam expanding and collimating module through the rotating sleeve 48 and the second beam expanding and collimating module shell 43-2 to realize locking, so that the locking screw can The swivel sleeve 48 can be fixed in an optimal position. A plurality of locking holes are provided on the rotating sleeve, the inner shell of the first beam expander and collimator module or/and the outer shell of the second beam expander and collimator module for the insertion of the locking jackscrew, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the locking position of the locking jackscrew according to the actual situation. In the actual application system, when the defocus compensation effect reaches the expected target, the relative position between the first beam expansion and collimation module and the second beam expansion and collimation module can be locked by adjusting the fixing member 47, that is, the beam expansion and collimation can be realized Locking of spacing between lenses 41-1 and 41-2.
离焦补偿型扩束准直系统4中的导热模块用于导出离焦补偿型扩束准直系统产生的废热，防止热积累。第一导热模块44-1嵌入在第一扩束准直模块内壳42-1和第一扩束准直模块外壳43-1之间，第二导热模块44-2嵌入在第二扩束准直模块内壳42-2和第二扩束准直模块外壳43-2之间。第一导热模块44-1和第二导热模块44-2内部设置有水冷管路。第一导热模块44-1的水冷管路由第一进水孔45-1和第一出水孔46-1联通，第二导热模块44-2的水冷管路由第二进水孔45-2和第二出水孔46-2联通。第一导热模块44-1和第二导热模块44-2用于导出整个离焦补偿型扩束准直系统4中的废热，防止产生热积累，影响系统性能，其材料可以是铝合金、铜等导热材料。当光纤激光运行在大功率时，第一进水孔45-1、第一进水孔45-2和第二出水孔46-1、第二出水孔46-2将与外界水冷系统连接，对离焦补偿型扩束准直系统4进行强制水冷。The heat conduction module in the defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system 4 is used to remove waste heat generated by the defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system to prevent heat accumulation. The first heat conduction module 44-1 is embedded between the inner shell 42-1 of the first beam expander collimator module and the outer shell 43-1 of the first beam expander collimator module, and the second heat conduction module 44-2 is embedded in the second beam expander collimator module. Between the inner shell 42-2 of the straight module and the outer shell 43-2 of the second beam expander and collimator module. Water cooling pipelines are arranged inside the first heat conduction module 44-1 and the second heat conduction module 44-2. The water-cooling pipeline of the first heat conduction module 44-1 is connected by the first water inlet 45-1 and the first water outlet 46-1, and the water-cooling pipeline of the second heat conduction module 44-2 is connected by the second water inlet 45-2 and the first water outlet 46-1. The two outlet holes 46-2 are connected. The first heat conduction module 44-1 and the second heat conduction module 44-2 are used to extract the waste heat in the entire defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system 4, to prevent heat accumulation from affecting system performance, and their materials can be aluminum alloy, copper and other thermally conductive materials. When the fiber laser is running at high power, the first water inlet 45-1, the first water inlet 45-2, the second water outlet 46-1, and the second water outlet 46-2 will be connected with the external water cooling system. The defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system 4 is forcedly water-cooled.
经离焦补偿型扩束准直系统4准直输出的激光光束注入到一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5。一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5设置在旋转台51上，旋转台51实现一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5的360度可旋转。旋转台固定件59能够实现旋转台与第二扩束准直模块之间位置的锁定，旋转台固定件59为一个锁定顶丝，第二扩束准直模块内壳42-2伸向旋转台并嵌入在旋转台51中间，第二扩束准直模块内壳42-2在旋转台固定件59锁定范围内，第二扩束准直模块内壳42-2与旋转台51之间能够通过锁定顶丝锁定连接。通过调节旋转台固定件59，能够实现一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5与离焦补偿型扩束准直系统4之间的锁定。在实际操作中，当调节旋转台51使得系统输出主激光功率达到最大时，便可通过旋转台固定件59锁定旋转台51。The output laser beam collimated by the defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system 4 is injected into the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5 . The integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5 is arranged on a rotating platform 51 , and the rotating platform 51 realizes the 360-degree rotation of the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5 . The rotating table fixing part 59 can realize the locking of the position between the rotating table and the second beam expander and collimation module, the rotating table fixing part 59 is a locking screw, and the inner shell 42-2 of the second beam expanding and collimating module extends toward the rotating table And embedded in the middle of the rotating table 51, the second beam expansion and collimation module inner shell 42-2 is within the locking range of the rotating table fixing member 59, and the second beam expanding and collimating module inner shell 42-2 and the rotating table 51 can pass through Locking jackscrew locks the connection. By adjusting the rotating table fixing member 59 , the locking between the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5 and the defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system 4 can be realized. In actual operation, when the rotating table 51 is adjusted so that the main laser power output by the system reaches the maximum, the rotating table 51 can be locked by the rotating table fixing member 59 .
一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5包括偏振分束器52、高反镜53、锥形废光收集器54、衰减系统55和光电探测模块56。偏振分束器52设置在旋转台51上。通过调节旋转台51，便可选择出入射到偏振分束器52上的最佳入射角度，实现最大功率的纯线偏振激光输出。经离焦补偿型扩束准直系统4准直输出的激光光束入射到偏振分束器52上，由偏振分束器52将入射激光光束分为s偏振光束和p偏振光束两路光束，p偏振光束作为主激光输出到自由空间，s偏振光束入射到高反镜53，s偏振光束经高反镜53后，大部分光束被锥形废光收集器54收集，一小部分光束入射到衰减系统55；衰减系统55用于对高反镜透射的激光强度进行衰减，防止光电探测模块发生饱和；经衰减系统55后的激光光束注入到光电探测模块56；光电探测模块56将入射激光光束的光信号转换为电信号，并将转换后的电信号输送给主动偏振控制系统6。主动偏振控制系统6对一体化偏振与光信号提取模块中光电探测模块探测的电信号进行算法处理，获取偏振控制信号，进而施加到偏振控制模块，实现整个系统的闭环控制。主动偏振控制系统算法实现方式多样，可以是随机并行梯度下降算法、爬山法等。The integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5 includes a polarization beam splitter 52 , a high reflection mirror 53 , a conical waste light collector 54 , an attenuation system 55 and a photodetection module 56 . The polarization beam splitter 52 is provided on the rotary table 51 . By adjusting the rotating table 51 , the optimal incident angle to the polarizing beam splitter 52 can be selected to achieve a purely linearly polarized laser output with maximum power. The laser beam collimated and output by the defocus compensation type beam expander collimation system 4 is incident on the polarization beam splitter 52, and the incident laser beam is divided into two beams of s-polarized beam and p-polarized beam by the polarized beam splitter 52, p The polarized beam is output to the free space as the main laser, and the s-polarized beam is incident on the high reflection mirror 53. After the s-polarized beam passes through the high reflection mirror 53, most of the beam is collected by the conical waste light collector 54, and a small part of the beam is incident on the attenuation System 55; Attenuation system 55 is used to attenuate the laser intensity transmitted by the high reflector to prevent the photoelectric detection module from being saturated; The laser beam after the attenuation system 55 is injected into the photoelectric detection module 56; The photoelectric detection module 56 converts the incident laser beam The optical signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the converted electrical signal is sent to the active polarization control system 6 . The active polarization control system 6 performs algorithmic processing on the electrical signal detected by the photoelectric detection module in the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module to obtain a polarization control signal, which is then applied to the polarization control module to realize closed-loop control of the entire system. The algorithm of the active polarization control system can be implemented in various ways, such as stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm, hill climbing method, etc.
在一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5中，为了减小系统的热畸变，偏振分束器52和高反镜53分别装配在偏振分束器制冷套件57-1和高反镜制冷套件57-2上。制冷套件的具体结构根据偏振分束器52和高反镜53的形状和类型确定。对于片状结构，制冷套件一般为外部具有进出水孔、内部设有联通进出水孔的水冷管路的长方体制冷机械件，且该机械件上设置有用于安装偏振分束器52或高反镜53的安装架、安装孔等安装结构。In the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5, in order to reduce the thermal distortion of the system, the polarization beam splitter 52 and the high reflection mirror 53 are respectively assembled in the polarization beam splitter cooling kit 57-1 and the high reflection mirror cooling kit 57- 2 on. The specific structure of the cooling kit is determined according to the shape and type of the polarizing beam splitter 52 and the high reflection mirror 53 . For the sheet structure, the refrigeration kit is generally a cuboid refrigeration mechanical part with water inlet and outlet holes on the outside and a water-cooling pipeline connecting the water inlet and outlet holes inside, and the mechanical part is provided with a polarizing beam splitter 52 or a high reflection mirror. 53 installation frame, installation holes and other installation structures.
本发明中，一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5同样设置有水冷管路，水冷管路包覆在一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5的外侧并与偏振分束器制冷套件57-1、高反镜制冷套件57-2联通，一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5的水冷管路上设有与外界水冷系统连接的进水孔58-1、出水孔58-2。当运行在大功率时，进水孔58-1和出水孔58-2将与外界水冷系统连接，对一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5进行强制水冷，确保系统性能稳定。In the present invention, the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5 is also provided with a water-cooled pipeline, and the water-cooled pipeline is wrapped on the outside of the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5 and is connected with the polarization beam splitter cooling kit 57-1, high The mirror cooling kit 57-2 is connected to the water cooling pipeline of the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5. There are water inlet holes 58-1 and water outlet holes 58-2 connected to the external water cooling system. When operating at high power, the water inlet 58-1 and the water outlet 58-2 will be connected to the external water cooling system, and the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5 will be forced to water-cooled to ensure stable system performance.
本发明中，一体化偏振与光信号提取模块5中的高反镜用于改变光路，其构成材料不限，可根据输出激光功率密度有多种选择。反射波长范围由窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源中心波长确定。锥形废光收集器用于收集偏振控制后剩余的废光，衰减系统用于对高反镜透射的激光强度进行衰减，防止光电探测模块发生饱和。光电探测模块将光信号转换为电信号，其响应波长由窄线宽线偏振光纤种子源中心波长确定。导热层用于导出系统产生的废热，防止热积累，固定件用于一体化偏振与光信号提取模块的固定。In the present invention, the high-reflection mirror in the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module 5 is used to change the optical path, and its constituent materials are not limited, and there are many choices according to the output laser power density. The reflection wavelength range is determined by the central wavelength of the narrow linewidth linearly polarized fiber optic seed source. The conical waste light collector is used to collect the remaining waste light after polarization control, and the attenuation system is used to attenuate the laser intensity transmitted by the high reflection mirror to prevent the photodetection module from being saturated. The photoelectric detection module converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and its response wavelength is determined by the central wavelength of the narrow-linewidth linearly polarized optical fiber seed source. The heat conduction layer is used to conduct waste heat generated by the system to prevent heat accumulation, and the fixing part is used to fix the integrated polarization and optical signal extraction module.
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