CN107689473B - Waveguide detection unit of magnetic excitation coupling mechanism - Google Patents
Waveguide detection unit of magnetic excitation coupling mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN107689473B CN107689473B CN201710680324.8A CN201710680324A CN107689473B CN 107689473 B CN107689473 B CN 107689473B CN 201710680324 A CN201710680324 A CN 201710680324A CN 107689473 B CN107689473 B CN 107689473B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/181—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides
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Abstract
The invention relates to a waveguide detection unit of a magnetic excitation coupling mechanism in the technical field of microwaves, and solves the problems that the existing waveguide coupling detector is large in size and weight, difficult to integrate, special process treatment is needed for a waveguide cavity and the like. The invention uses a magnetic excitation coupling mechanism to replace the traditional electric field excitation coupling to realize the power monitoring of the waveguide main mode; the thickness of the detector can be greatly reduced by adopting a plane probe ring to replace a coaxial probe; the low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) integrated molding structure is used for replacing an all-metal packaging structure of a discrete device. The integrated ceramic structure has small structure size and low weight, does not need special surface treatment, is easy to integrate, and is suitable for miniaturized and highly-integrated microwave and millimeter wave detection circuits and systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave circuit and circuit equipment for microwave power monitoring in a system, in particular to a waveguide coupling detection unit
Technical Field
In recent years, with the rapid development of mobile communication, satellite communication and radar technologies, more and more new technologies are applied to the consumer-grade market, explosive data bandwidth expansion is brought by the increasing user demands, the improvement of the working frequency of the existing communication equipment is promoted, for satellite communication, the Ka frequency band broadband application gradually steps into the mainstream, and the 5G mobile communication also aims at the millimeter wave frequency band in the future.
For millimeter wave signal transmission, it is important to reduce interconnection loss between devices along with the improvement of operating frequency and power. The waveguide interconnection is the most important dependence of ultrahigh frequency interconnection, and has the advantages of low insertion loss, high stability, low cost and the like. The waveguide coupling detector is used as a waveguide device, can realize low-loss real-time monitoring of millimeter wave signals, is convenient for debugging and maintenance of millimeter wave circuits and systems, and is widely applied to monitoring of power amplification circuits and automatic gain control circuits.
The traditional waveguide coupling detection unit is mostly based on two working modes, one is directional coupling detection, and the other is probe direct coupling detection. The first detection mode is to couple a main waveguide path signal to an output end in a certain proportion by using a low-loss directional coupler, and then detect and output the coupled signal, and because the length of the branch of the directional coupler depends on a quarter wavelength, the waveguide detector realized based on the method is often large in size and weight and is difficult to integrate with the existing equipment; the probe coupling detection method is that a coaxial feeder line extends into a rectangular waveguide to form an electric field excitation probe, and the position of the probe is adjusted to realize certain power proportion output detection. However, this method requires an independent coaxial detector to be used with it, and it is difficult to realize a miniaturized design due to the limitation of the coaxial structure. For application of a light-weight high-integration millimeter wave system, the two waveguide detectors cannot give consideration to both performance and volume and weight.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the existing waveguide detector is difficult to overcome, the invention provides a card type waveguide detection unit based on a magnetic excitation coupling mechanism.
A waveguide detector unit of a magnetically excited coupling mechanism, comprising a detector circuit, characterized in that: the low-temperature co-fired ceramic package structure is used for packaging the detector circuit; the low-temperature co-fired ceramic packaging structure comprises a substrate and a rectangular waveguide cavity arranged in the substrate, wherein two sides of the substrate surround the rectangular waveguide cavity, a grounding plane is printed on each side of the substrate, and the two grounding planes are interconnected through a conductive through hole; the detector circuit comprises a magnetic field excitation coupling probe, an impedance converter and a detection chip; the magnetic field excitation coupling probe is a magnetic excitation ring structure and is arranged on one side of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide cavity, one end of the magnetic excitation ring is connected with the ground plane, and the other end of the magnetic excitation ring is connected with the magnetic excitation signal input end of the impedance converter.
Furthermore, a circuit assembly cavity is formed in the substrate, and the impedance converter and the detection chip are arranged in the circuit assembly cavity.
Further, the magnetic excitation structure is annular.
The circuit component cavity is a blind cavity, and a shielding cover is arranged at the opening position of the blind cavity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the planar probe magnetic field excitation is adopted to replace coaxial electric field excitation, so that the thickness of the waveguide detector is greatly reduced; a wave detector circuit is embedded in the waveguide wall, so that the integration level of the waveguide wave detector is improved; the LTCC integrated package realizes a waveguide cavity structure and a package structure at the same time, and the volume and weight of the waveguide detector are greatly reduced by adopting ceramics to replace metals. The thickness of the waveguide detector designed by the invention is less than 5mm, the weight of the waveguide detector is less than 20g, compared with the conventional waveguide detector, the thickness and the weight of the waveguide detector can be reduced by more than 5 times, and the waveguide detector does not need to carry out special process treatment on a metal waveguide cavity and is easy to assemble and integrate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a detector circuit in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a magnetic field excited coupling probe in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of an impedance transformer in an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1, 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the present invention. The card type waveguide detection unit based on the magnetic excitation coupling mechanism consists of a detection circuit 1 based on the magnetic excitation coupling mechanism and a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) packaging structure 2 for packaging the detection circuit; the detector circuit 1 mainly comprises a magnetic field excitation coupling probe 3, an impedance converter 4 and a detection chip 5; the low-temperature co-fired ceramic packaging structure 2 mainly comprises an LTCC substrate 10, a connector 11 and a shielding cover 12; the LTCC substrate 10 comprises a rectangular waveguide cavity 13 and a circuit component cavity 14; the probe 3 of the detector circuit 1 is located in the rectangular waveguide cavity 13 of the LTCC substrate 10, and the rest of the circuit components of the detector circuit 1 are located in the circuit component cavity 14 of the LTCC substrate 10.
The card type waveguide detection unit is embedded into a waveguide transmission system to be detected through the positioning fixing hole 16. In fig. 2, the rectangular waveguide cavity 13 is a low-loss signal transmission path, and the waveguide cavity 13 may be processed by a common electroplating or slurry coating process to implement low-loss interconnection and shielding in the cavity. On both sides of the LTCC substrate 10, around the waveguide cavity 13, there is printed one ground plane 15 each, which are interconnected by conductive vias. The magnetic field excitation coupling probe 3 is arranged in the waveguide cavity 13 and coupled with a required signal, the coupled signal is fed into the detection chip 5 through the impedance transformer 4 to complete signal detection, and finally the detection signal is output through the connector 11.
The principle of operation of the magnetic field excited coupling probe 3 in the specific implementation example can be illustrated by fig. 4. The rectangular waveguide cavity 13 has a height b, and the main transmission mode is TE for the rectangular waveguide cavity10The mode, magnetic field distribution is shown as cross 17 in fig. 4. The magnetic field excitation coupling probe 3 is realized in the form of a magnetic excitation ring and is arranged on one side of the narrow edge of the waveguide cavity, one end of the magnetic field excitation coupling probe is grounded, and the other end of the magnetic field excitation coupling probe is connected with a rear-end detection circuit. Since the magnetic excitation ring is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, the alternating magnetic field will form an induced current i in the magnetic excitation ring, and the alternating electric field is perpendicular to the alternating magnetic field direction of the waveguide. The magnetic field excitation coupling probe 3 shown in fig. 4 can be printed on the LTCC substrate 10 by using low loss paste, and the adjustment of the probe coupling coefficient and the operating frequency can be realized by changing the line width and the radius r.
For rectangular waveguide master mode TE10The mode, its wave impedance can be expressed as:
wherein k is0Is wave number, η0Beta is the phase coefficient for vacuum wave resistance. The magnetic field excitation coupling probe 3 can be regarded as a micro-loop antenna, and the characteristic impedance Z of the micro-loop antenna needs to be optimized on the premise of ensuring indexes such as coupling degree and the like1To make it and TE of rectangular waveguide10Mode wave impedance ZwgAnd (4) matching. In the specific implementation process, the first-stage reactor,the variation of the operating frequency of the detector causes the magnetic field to excite the characteristic impedance Z of the coupling probe 31And (4) changing. In principle, the detector 5 can be understood as the end load of the magnetic field excitation coupling probe 3, and the impedance values of different detectors are different, and in order to optimize signal transmission, the impedance converter 4 needs to be designed so that the impedance Z of the magnetic field excitation coupling probe 3 is optimized1And detector impedance Z3And (4) matching.
The impedance transformer 4 in the specific implementation example is mainly composed of impedance matching circuits 6, 7. Of which 6 is a microstrip line matching circuit whose purpose is to couple the magnetic field excitation to the input impedance Z of the probe 31 *Change to Z2For the present example, Z2It can be designed to be 50Ohm,
the specific implementation can use electromagnetic simulation software well known by radio frequency designers to optimize and obtain the optimal microstrip circuit structure. Thereafter, Z needs to be realized2To Z3The equivalent circuit of the detection chip 5 can be simplified to a resistor R in FIG. 5vAnd a capacitor CjIn the small-signal detection operation, the detection chip 5 mainly exhibits high-impedance characteristics and has a real impedance part RvFar greater than the imaginary impedance Cj. Under this condition, Z2To Z3The impedance transformation of (2) can be implemented by parallel resistors 7a, 7b, in this example two parallel 100Ohm resistors are used in order to reduce the parasitic parameter influence of the resistors themselves. The impedance matching from the magnetic field excitation coupling probe 3 to the detection chip 5 has been completed so far.
The detection chip 5 converts the radio frequency power coupled out by the magnetic field excitation coupling probe 3 into a voltage signal, the detection chip 8a and the detection chip 8b are detection filter circuits, and high-frequency interference of the output level of the detection chip 5 can be filtered out, in the example, 8a can select a resistance with a kiloohm magnitude, 8b is a capacitance with a hundred picofarad magnitude, and a specific component value needs to be selected by combining the signal frequency and the signal type in practical application.
The LTCC substrate 10 in the embodiment can be made of Dupont, Ferro or other corresponding ceramic materials; all circuits in the detector circuit 1 are formed by adopting a graphic printing process, and the detector chip 5 and the elements 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b are welded on the LTCC substrate 10 by using conductive adhesive or soldering paste; the final detection voltage is output through a connector 11, the type of the connector 11 can be metal, resin, plastic and the like, and the connector is directly welded on the microstrip line 9 in the figure three; the shielding cover 12 directly covers the circuit assembly cavity 14 and may be fixed by bonding or welding, and the material may be metal, ceramic, resin, etc.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention solve the problems of large volume and weight, complex processing technology, and difficult integration of the conventional waveguide detector. The card type waveguide detection unit based on the magnetic excitation coupling mechanism is widely applied to high-density and high-integration waveguide transmission systems and related applications.
The above-mentioned embodiments illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that any modification, replacement, improvement, etc. made to the embodiments of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A waveguide detector unit of a magnetically excited coupling mechanism, comprising a detector circuit, characterized in that: the low-temperature co-fired ceramic package structure is used for packaging the detector circuit; the low-temperature co-fired ceramic packaging structure comprises a substrate and a rectangular waveguide cavity arranged in the substrate, wherein two sides of the substrate surround the rectangular waveguide cavity, a grounding plane is printed on each side of the substrate, and the two grounding planes are interconnected through a conductive through hole;
the detector circuit comprises a magnetic field excitation coupling probe, an impedance converter and a detection chip; the magnetic field excitation coupling probe aims at the electromagnetic field TE in the waveguide10Detecting in a transmission mode; the magnetic field excitation coupling probe is arranged on one side of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide cavity; the magnetic field excitation coupling probe is an annular plane probe, and the plane of the annular probe is vertical to the TE10The magnetic field direction of the mode and the transmission direction of the electromagnetic field in the waveguide cavity; the annular plane probe changes the line thereofThe strip width and the radius r realize the adjustment of the coupling coefficient and the working frequency of the probe;
the detector circuit is used for converting a radio-frequency signal into a voltage signal, and the conversion process is realized by a magnetic field excitation coupling probe, an impedance converter and a detection chip; the impedance converter is composed of two stages of impedance conversion circuits; the first-stage impedance transformation circuit is a microstrip matching circuit and changes the input impedance Z1 of the magnetic field excitation coupling probe to Z2; in the second-stage impedance conversion circuit, a first resistor (7 a) and a second resistor (7 b) convert the output impedance of the detector to Z3; a first resistor (7 a) and a second resistor (7 b) in the impedance transformation circuit convert a radio frequency signal input by the detector into a voltage output signal; the detector circuit can select different resistors (8 a) and capacitors (8 b) according to signal frequency and signal type, and is used for filtering interference in the detection voltage signal.
2. The waveguide detector unit of claim 1, wherein: a circuit assembly cavity is formed in the substrate, and the impedance converter and the detection chip are arranged in the circuit assembly cavity.
3. The waveguide detector unit of claim 2, wherein: the circuit component cavity is a blind cavity, and a shielding cover is arranged at the opening position of the blind cavity.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710680324.8A CN107689473B (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2017-08-10 | Waveguide detection unit of magnetic excitation coupling mechanism |
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| CN201710680324.8A CN107689473B (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2017-08-10 | Waveguide detection unit of magnetic excitation coupling mechanism |
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| CN107689473A CN107689473A (en) | 2018-02-13 |
| CN107689473B true CN107689473B (en) | 2022-03-01 |
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| CN110289472B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-08-31 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | A rectangular cavity power combiner |
| CN112034224B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2023-07-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所 | Coupling detector |
| CN113687129B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-12-29 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Real-time short-circuit current calculation method and device for switching line |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1393660A (en) * | 2001-06-30 | 2003-01-29 | 三星电子株式会社 | Microwave oven with magnetic field tester |
| CN201974468U (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2011-09-14 | 电子科技大学 | Transmission type detector for waveguide signal power detection |
| CN104051434A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-09-17 | 西安电子科技大学 | A packaging structure integrating VCO and waveguide antenna |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2016178415A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-10-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | High-frequency detection circuit |
| CN105977595A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-09-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Terminal connection feed-backward type rectangular waveguide-microstrip transition device |
| CN106848519B (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2020-11-17 | 电子科技大学 | Integrated suspension line of medium that artifical composite medium filled |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1393660A (en) * | 2001-06-30 | 2003-01-29 | 三星电子株式会社 | Microwave oven with magnetic field tester |
| CN201974468U (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2011-09-14 | 电子科技大学 | Transmission type detector for waveguide signal power detection |
| CN104051434A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-09-17 | 西安电子科技大学 | A packaging structure integrating VCO and waveguide antenna |
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