CN107686619B - Environment-friendly tray and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Environment-friendly tray and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107686619B
CN107686619B CN201710919778.6A CN201710919778A CN107686619B CN 107686619 B CN107686619 B CN 107686619B CN 201710919778 A CN201710919778 A CN 201710919778A CN 107686619 B CN107686619 B CN 107686619B
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pallet
tray
stacking strength
pallet stacking
strength
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CN107686619A (en
Inventor
方斌正
曹建伟
张伟
李慧
王守泽
张鹏飞
刘伟
李崇焕
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Inner Mongolia Jia Yun Tong intelligent environmental protection new material Co., Ltd.
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Inner Mongolia Joyant Intelligent Environmental Protection New Material Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
    • C08J9/08—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
    • C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
    • C08J9/102—Azo-compounds
    • C08J9/103—Azodicarbonamide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/02—CO2-releasing, e.g. NaHCO3 and citric acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/04—N2 releasing, ex azodicarbonamide or nitroso compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08J2327/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2423/26—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2423/28—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment by reaction with halogens or halogen-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
    • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00—Applications
    • C08L2203/14—Applications used for foams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
    • C08L2207/20—Recycled plastic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an environment-friendly tray and a preparation method and application thereof. The tray is prepared from 41-55 wt% of fly ash, 35-51 wt% of polyvinyl chloride reclaimed materials, 0-4.5 wt% of light calcium carbonate, 1-2.5 wt% of stabilizing agents, 0-1.8 wt% of modifying agents, 0.3-1.5 wt% of foaming agents, 1-6 wt% of foaming regulators, 0.2-0.8 wt% of first lubricants and 0.3-0.6 wt% of second lubricants. The tray has the advantages of low raw material cost, high bearing capacity, low density, simple preparation process and energy conservation. The tray has high added value, and the product can be recycled, so that good economic benefit can be obtained.

Description

Environment-friendly tray and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tray processing, in particular to an environment-friendly tray and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fly ash is a solid waste generated in the production process of coal-fired power plants, the yield accounts for 5-20% of the total coal-fired quantity, the annual emission quantity of the fly ash in China is about 5 hundred million tons, the stacking quantity of the fly ash in China is more than 20 hundred million tons at present, and the land occupied by an ash storage yard is about 4 × 104km2Therefore, the environment is seriously polluted, and a large amount of land resources are occupied. At present, the technologies of doping fly ash to prepare light materials, refractory materials, heat insulation materials, building materials, daily-use ceramic materials and the like are applied, but the effect of utilizing the fly ash with high added value is not obvious.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin is a thermoplastic polymer obtained by polymerizing Vinyl Chloride (VC) monomer, and is one of four general-purpose plastics in the world. According to the reckoning, the demand of PVC in China is increased by 10% every year, and the mass use of PVC inevitably causes a large amount of waste products, which pollute the environment for human life such as rivers, lakes and the like. The recycling of PVC not only can solve the problem of environmental protection, but also can relieve the pressure of resource shortage, and particularly has important significance in recycling PVC raw materials at the present that the price of the raw materials continuously rises.
The tray for bearing articles on the market at present is mainly made of wood, plastic and steel, but has the irreparable defects: the wooden tray is easy to decay after being affected with damp, and iron nails used for assembly are easily exposed to the outside to destroy the appearance of a product; the common plastic pallet has lower strength, low bearing capacity, poor size fixing flexibility, easy aging and low durability; iron pallets are heavy, expensive and waste a lot of steel resources.
A composition material for bearing, a method for producing the same, and a use of a pallet (CN106800730A) disclose a pallet produced from fly ash, ferrosilicon ash, a recycled polyvinyl chloride, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem that exists among the prior art at present is that, the tray that is used for bearing the weight of article on the market at present mainly takes wooden tray, plastics tray and steel tray as the main, but all have irreparable shortcoming separately, and the ubiquitous problem includes: a. the cost of raw materials is high; b. the added value of the product is low; c. the production process is complex; d. the waste utilization ratio is low; e. the product recovery utilization rate is low; f. each type of tray has respective fatal performance defect, and the environmental protection is poor.
The tray prepared by utilizing fly ash, ferrosilicon ash, polyvinyl chloride reclaimed materials and the like disclosed in the prior art (CN106800730A) is the first-generation tray of the research and development team, the bearing capacity of the first-generation tray is lower than that of the tray, the density of the first-generation tray is higher than that of the tray, and the processing technology of the first-generation tray needs to be carried out at higher temperature, so that more energy is consumed than that of the tray preparation technology of the invention.
Specifically, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a tray which is prepared from raw materials comprising 41-55 wt% of fly ash, 35-51 wt% of polyvinyl chloride recycled material, 0-4.5 wt% of light calcium carbonate, 1-2.5 wt% of stabilizing agent, 0-1.8 wt% of modifying agent, 0.3-1.5 wt% of foaming agent, 1-6 wt% of foaming regulator, 0.2-0.8 wt% of first lubricant and 0.3-0.6 wt% of second lubricant.
Preferably, the tray comprises 41-51 wt% of fly ash, 37-51 wt% of polyvinyl chloride recycled material, 0-4.5 wt% of light calcium carbonate, 1.8-2.5 wt% of stabilizer, 0.4-1.8 wt% of modifier, 0.7-1.2 wt% of foaming agent, 2.4-4.2 wt% of foaming regulator, 0.4-0.8 wt% of first lubricant and 0.3-0.6 wt% of second lubricant; preferably, the raw material comprises 41-48 wt% of fly ash, 40-51 wt% of polyvinyl chloride reclaimed material, 0-4.5 wt% of light calcium carbonate, 1.8-2.5 wt% of stabilizer, 0.4-1.1 wt% of modifier, 0.7-1 wt% of foaming agent, 2.4-3.7 wt% of foaming regulator, 0.4-0.8 wt% of first lubricant and 0.3-0.4 wt% of second lubricant.
Preferably, the tray, wherein the modifier comprises chlorinated polyethylene, or acrylate copolymer, or a mixture of acrylate copolymer and chlorinated polyethylene, and the foaming agent comprises azodicarbonamide and/or sodium bicarbonate; more preferably, the stabilizer contains a complex lead salt stabilizer or a calcium-zinc complex stabilizer.
Preferably, the tray, wherein the first lubricant comprises stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, an alcohol stearate, calcium stearate, or zinc stearate, or any combination thereof; preferably, the second lubricant comprises paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax or oxidized polyethylene wax or any combination thereof.
Preferably, the density of the tray is less than or equal to 1g/cm3。
Preferably, the pallet has a stacking strength of 5t or more, and more preferably 7t or more.
Preferably, the tray has a static bending strength of 27MPa or more, and more preferably 29MPa or more.
Preferably, the tray has an abrasion resistance of 80mg/100r or less, and more preferably 70mg/100r or less.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the tray, which comprises the following steps:
a. screening raw materials: screening the fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride reclaimed materials;
b. mixing the ingredients: mixing the fly ash obtained in the step a, a polyvinyl chloride reclaimed material and other raw materials added according to needs in percentage by weight to obtain a mixture of ingredients; preferably at a mixing temperature of 115 ℃ and 125 ℃, and then cooling to 20-40 ℃ to obtain a mixture of ingredients;
c. extruding: c, extruding and molding the mixture obtained in the step b by using an extrusion molding machine to obtain an extruded plate; the extrusion molding machine comprises an extrusion part, the extrusion part comprises an extrusion charging barrel and a host machine screw rod, the extrusion charging barrel is sequentially divided into a first charging barrel, a second charging barrel, a third charging barrel and a fourth charging barrel along the material output direction, and the host machine screw rod is provided with a confluence core and a machine head; during extrusion, the material obtained in the step b sequentially passes through the first material cylinder, the second material cylinder, the third material cylinder and the fourth material cylinder along the material output direction under the rotation of the main machine screw rod by the extrusion molding machine; wherein the temperature range of the first material cylinder is 155-165 ℃, the temperature range of the second material cylinder is 158-175 ℃, the temperature range of the third material cylinder is 162-170 ℃, the temperature range of the fourth material cylinder is 162-172 ℃, the temperature range of the confluence core is 155-160 ℃, and the temperature range of the machine head is 170-175 ℃;
d. molding: sequentially carrying out sizing on the extruded plate by a sizing table according to the size requirement of the basic unit of the tray panel or the tray base, cooling by a circulating water cooling system, drawing by a tractor and cutting by a cutting machine to a fixed length to obtain a finished product of the basic unit of the tray panel or the tray base;
assembling: and d, assembling the finished product of the basic unit of the tray panel and the finished product of the basic unit of the tray base, preferably using steel nails or screws for nailing and assembling.
Preferably, in the method, a part of the ingredient mixture obtained in the step b is replaced by crushed materials obtained by crushing waste pallets, and the addition ratio of the crushed materials is preferably 5 to 15%.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a tray prepared by the method of the present invention.
Preferably, the tray is formed by assembling a finished tray panel basic unit and a finished tray base basic unit, the finished tray panel basic unit has a width a, the finished tray base basic unit has a length b, b: a is more than or equal to 10.
Preferably, the above-mentioned pallet, wherein the number of pallet panel basic unit finished products used in each pallet is more than 6.
Preferably, in the above tray, the finished base unit is in an i-shaped structure with the same width.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
the novel environment-friendly tray is prepared from the fly ash and the waste PVC through a scientific and reasonable proportioning process, and has the advantages of low raw material cost, high bearing capacity, low density, simple preparation process and energy conservation. The tray has high added value, and the product can be recycled, so that good economic benefit can be obtained.
(1) The raw material cost is low.
The fly ash is a solid waste generated in the production process of coal-fired power plants, the yield accounts for about 5-20% of the total coal-fired quantity, the annual emission amount of the fly ash in China is about 5 hundred million tons, and the stacking amount of the fly ash in China is more than 20 hundred million tons at present. The PVC reclaimed material is a solid waste generated in the production, living and use processes of PVC, and is widely and easily distributed. The main raw materials (41-55% of fly ash particles and 35-51% of PVC reclaimed materials) belong to bulk industrial solid wastes, so the raw material cost is extremely low.
(2) The production process is simple.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a novel environment-friendly tray by utilizing fly ash and polyvinyl chloride reclaimed materials, which can obtain a finished tray product through simple procedures of screening, proportioning, mixing, extruding, forming, assembling and the like of raw materials.
(3) The utilization ratio of waste is high.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a novel environment-friendly tray by utilizing fly ash and polyvinyl chloride reclaimed materials, wherein the utilization ratio of waste (fly ash and waste PVC) in raw materials is 81.8-97.2%, and the utilization ratio of waste is extremely high.
(4) The product recovery rate is high.
According to the method for preparing the novel environment-friendly tray by using the fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride reclaimed materials, unqualified products and products with service lives longer than the service lives produced in production are treated by the crusher and the pulverizer, so that the unqualified products and the products can be used as raw materials for reproduction, and the product recycling rate is high.
(5) Good product performance
The bearing capacity of the tray is about 5-10 tons, the bearing capacity is enhanced in multiples compared with that of a first generation tray, the static bending strength is more than or equal to 27MPa, and the density is less than or equal to 1000kg/m3The weight is lighter than the first generation pallets, and the transportation cost as a pallet is reduced.
The invention and its advantageous technical effects are explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and various embodiments, in which:
drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the tray manufacturing process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of a tray product manufactured according to examples 1 to 5 of the present invention, which is composed of a tray panel basic unit product and a tray base basic unit product.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a tray panel basic unit completed product prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention in a direction of a-a in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the finished base unit of the pallet prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention, taken along the direction B-B in fig. 2.
The width of the finished product of the basic unit of the tray panel is a, the length of the finished product of the basic unit of the tray is c, and one side surface of the finished product of the basic unit of the tray panel is provided with two grooves along the length direction.
The length of the finished product of the basic unit of the tray base is b, and the section vertical to the length direction is of an I-shaped structure. The I-shaped structure consists of a middle connecting section and two parallel structures, and the width of each parallel structure is l1。
Detailed Description
As described above, the present invention aims to: the defects in the prior art are overcome, and the environment-friendly tray is reasonable in structural design, low in raw material cost, high in added value, strong in bearing capacity and low in density.
The preferred method of preparing the tray of the present invention comprises the steps of:
a. screening raw materials: sieving the fly ash and the waste PVC raw material by using a screen, wherein the screen allowance is less than 5%, and packaging for later use, wherein the screen is preferably 20-200 meshes;
b. mixing the ingredients: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 41-55% of fly ash, 35-51% of waste PVC, 0-4.5% of light calcium carbonate, 1-2.5% of stabilizer, 0-1.8% of modifier (preferably used together by acrylate copolymer and chlorinated polyethylene), 0.3-1.5% of foaming agent (preferably used together by azodicarbonamide and sodium bicarbonate), 1-6% of foaming regulator (preferably used together by K400 type foaming agent of Mijisen composite Co., Ltd. of Kunshan), 0.2-0.8% of first lubricant (preferably stearic acid), and 0.3-0.6% of second lubricant (preferably paraffin or PE wax, or used together by paraffin and PE wax) are weighed and all the materials are uniformly mixed; putting all the materials into a high-speed mixer for uniform mixing; preferably, the mixture is uniformly mixed at the temperature of 115 ℃ and 125 ℃ and then cooled to 20-40 ℃ in a low-speed mixer;
after the material is rejected or scrapped and recycled through detection, the recycled material is obtained through technological treatment such as crushing, grinding and the like, and is added in an external feeding mode, wherein the external proportion is 5-21%, for example: 5-21 kg of reclaimed materials can be added into 100kg of normal production raw materials and uniformly mixed for use;
c. extruding: c, performing extrusion molding on the mixed raw material obtained in the step b by using an extrusion molding machine, wherein the extrusion molding machine comprises a feeding part and an extrusion part, and the feeding part comprises a feeding motor, a feeding cylinder and a feeding screw; the extrusion part comprises a host motor, an extrusion material cylinder and a host screw rod, the confluence core and the machine head are installed at one end of material output by the host screw rod, and the extrusion material cylinder is sequentially divided into a first material cylinder, a second material cylinder, a third material cylinder and a fourth material cylinder along the material output direction. During extrusion, the material obtained in the step b is extruded by the extrusion molding machine through the first material cylinder, the second material cylinder, the third material cylinder and the fourth material cylinder in sequence along the material output direction under the rotation of the main machine screw rod, and a plate is extruded;
preferred extrusion temperature ranges for the present invention are as follows: the temperature range of the first material cylinder is 155-165 ℃, the temperature range of the second material cylinder is 158-175 ℃, the temperature range of the third material cylinder is 162-170 ℃, the temperature range of the fourth material cylinder is 162-172 ℃, the temperature range of the confluence core is 155-160 ℃, and the temperature range of the machine head is 170-175 ℃;
d. molding: sequentially carrying out sizing on an extruded plate according to the size requirement of a basic unit of a tray panel or a tray base by a sizing table, cooling by a circulating water cooling system, drawing by a tractor and cutting by a cutting machine to obtain a finished product of the basic unit of the tray panel or the tray base, wherein the finished product of the basic unit of the base is preferably in an I shape with the same width from top to bottom;
e. assembling: and d, transversely arranging the finished products of the basic units of the tray panel obtained in the step d on the finished products of the basic units of the tray base obtained in the step d according to the size requirements of the tray, and nailing steel nails into the joints of the basic units of each panel and the basic units of the base by using a steel nail gun to obtain the finished products of the tray.
f. And (3) recycling: unqualified products and products with service life exceeding produced in the production can be used as raw materials for reproduction through treatment of a crusher and a pulverizer, and therefore the purpose of recycling is achieved.
Wherein, the sizing table, the tractor, the cutter and the nail gun are all conventional equipments or tools for those skilled in the art, all the conventional equipments or tools can be used in the invention, and the specific forming and assembling conditions are the conditions which can be conventionally determined by those skilled in the art.
The preparation of the trays of the invention and their properties are illustrated below by means of specific examples.
The reagents and instrument sources used in the following examples are as follows:
TABLE 1 reagents and apparatus used in the examples
Figure BDA0001426445280000071
Figure BDA0001426445280000081
Example 1
The tray # 1 was prepared by the following steps:
a. screening raw materials: sieving the fly ash and the waste PVC raw material by using 20-mesh and 200-mesh screens, and packaging for later use;
b. mixing the ingredients: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: weighing 41% of fly ash, 51% of waste PVC, 1.8% of stabilizer, 0.4% of modifier chlorinated polyethylene, 1% of foaming agent (0.35% of azodicarbonamide, 0.65% of sodium bicarbonate), 3.7% of foaming regulator (K400), 0.8% of first lubricant stearic acid and 0.3% of second lubricant PE wax, and uniformly mixing all the materials; wherein the mixing temperature is 115 ℃, and then the mixture is cooled to 20 ℃;
c. extruding: extruding and molding the mixed raw materials by using an extrusion molding machine, wherein the temperature of a first cylinder is 157 ℃, the temperature of a second cylinder is 159 ℃, the temperature of a third cylinder is 169 ℃, the temperature of a fourth cylinder is 171 ℃, the temperature of a confluence core is 158 ℃, and the temperature of a machine head is 170 ℃;
d. molding: sizing the extruded plate by using a sizing table; cooling the plate by using a circulating water cooling system; the method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing a tractor to draw a plate; cutting the plate by a cutting machine in a fixed length manner to obtain a finished product of the tray panel and the base basic unit;
e. assembling: ten tray panel plates of 8cm multiplied by 1.5cm multiplied by 100cm are transversely arranged on four special-shaped tray bases of 120cm length, steel nails of 4.5-6.4 cm in length are nailed into the joints of the panels and the bases by steel nail guns, or self-tapping screws of 4cm in length are nailed into the joints of the panels and the bases by electric hand drills.
Example 2
Tray # 2 was prepared by the following steps:
a. screening raw materials: sieving the fly ash and the waste PVC raw material by 20-mesh and 200-mesh screens, wherein the screen allowance is less than 5%, and packaging for later use;
b. mixing the ingredients: weighing 43% of fly ash, 43% of waste PVC, 3.5% of light calcium carbonate, 2.0% of stabilizer, 1.5% of foaming agent (0.55% of azodicarbonamide, 0.95% of sodium bicarbonate), 6% of foaming regulator (K400), 0.6% of first lubricant stearic acid and 0.4% of second lubricant (0.2% of paraffin and 0.2% of PE wax) according to weight percentage, and uniformly mixing all the materials; wherein the mixing temperature is 125 ℃, and then the mixture is cooled to 40 ℃;
c. extruding: extruding and molding the mixed raw materials by using an extrusion molding machine, wherein the temperature of a first material cylinder is 155 ℃, the temperature of a second material cylinder is 158 ℃, the temperature of a third material cylinder is 162 ℃, the temperature of a fourth material cylinder is 172 ℃, the temperature of a confluence core is 155 ℃, and the temperature of a machine head is 172 ℃;
d. molding: sizing the extruded plate by using a sizing table; cooling the plate by using a circulating water cooling system; the method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing a tractor to draw a plate; cutting the plate at a fixed length by using a cutting machine; obtaining a finished product of the tray panel and the base basic unit;
e. assembling: ten tray panel plates of 8cm multiplied by 1.5cm multiplied by 100cm are transversely arranged on four special-shaped tray bases of 120cm length, steel nails of 4.5-6.4 cm in length are nailed into the joints of the panels and the bases by steel nail guns, or self-tapping screws of 4cm in length are nailed into the joints of the panels and the bases by electric hand drills.
Example 3
Tray # 3 was prepared by the following steps:
a. screening raw materials: sieving the fly ash and the waste PVC raw material by 20-mesh and 200-mesh screens, wherein the screen allowance is less than 5%, and packaging for later use;
b. mixing the ingredients: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: weighing 48% of fly ash, 40% of waste PVC, 4.5% of light calcium carbonate, 2.5% of a stabilizer, 1.1% of a modifier (0.6% of chlorinated polyethylene and 0.5% of an acrylate copolymer), 0.7% of a foaming agent (0.25% of azodicarbonamide and 0.45% of sodium bicarbonate), 2.4% of a foaming regulator (K400, Migisen composite Co., Ltd., Kunshan), 0.4% of a first lubricant stearic acid and 0.4% of a second lubricant paraffin, and uniformly mixing all the materials; wherein the mixing temperature is 120 ℃, and then the mixture is cooled to 30 ℃;
c. extruding: extruding and molding the mixed raw materials by using an extrusion molding machine, wherein the temperature of a first material cylinder is 160 ℃, the temperature of a second material cylinder is 174 ℃, the temperature of a third material cylinder is 165 ℃, the temperature of a fourth material cylinder is 162 ℃, the temperature of a confluence core is 157 ℃, and the temperature of a machine head is 173 ℃;
d. molding: sizing the extruded plate by using a sizing table; cooling the plate by using a circulating water cooling system; the method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing a tractor to draw a plate; cutting the plate at a fixed length by using a cutting machine; obtaining a finished product of the tray panel and the base basic unit;
e. assembling: ten tray panel plates of 8cm multiplied by 1.5cm multiplied by 100cm are transversely arranged on four special-shaped tray bases of 120cm length, steel nails of 4.5-6.4 cm in length are nailed into the joints of the panels and the bases by steel nail guns, or self-tapping screws of 4cm in length are nailed into the joints of the panels and the bases by electric hand drills.
Example 4
The tray # 4 was prepared by the following steps:
a. screening raw materials: sieving the fly ash and the waste PVC raw material by 20-mesh and 200-mesh screens, wherein the screen allowance is less than 5%, and packaging for later use;
b. mixing the ingredients: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 51% of fly ash, 37% of waste PVC, 2% of light calcium, 1.8% of stabilizer, 1.8% of modifier (1.2% of chlorinated polyethylene, 0.6% of acrylate copolymer), 1.2% of foaming agent (0.4% of azodicarbonamide, 0.8% of sodium bicarbonate), 4.2% of foaming regulator (K400, Migisen composite Co., Ltd., Kunshan city), 0.4% of stearic acid as a first lubricant and 0.6% of a second lubricant (0.3% of paraffin and 0.3% of PE wax) by weighing, and uniformly mixing all the materials; wherein the mixing temperature is 124 ℃, and then the mixture is cooled to 31 ℃;
c. extruding: extruding and molding the mixed raw materials by using an extrusion molding machine, wherein the temperature of a first cylinder is 162 ℃, the temperature of a second cylinder is 173 ℃, the temperature of a third cylinder is 168 ℃, the temperature of a fourth cylinder is 169 ℃, the temperature of a confluence core is 159 ℃, and the temperature of a machine head is 174 ℃;
d. molding: sizing the extruded plate by using a sizing table; cooling the plate by using a circulating water cooling system; the method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing a tractor to draw a plate; cutting the plate at a fixed length by using a cutting machine; obtaining a finished product of the tray panel and the base basic unit;
e. assembling: : ten tray panel plates of 8cm multiplied by 1.5cm multiplied by 100cm are transversely arranged on four special-shaped tray bases of 120cm length, steel nails of 4.5-6.4 cm in length are nailed into the joints of the panels and the bases by steel nail guns, or self-tapping screws of 4cm in length are nailed into the joints of the panels and the bases by electric hand drills.
Example 5
The tray # 5 was prepared by the following steps:
a. screening raw materials: sieving the fly ash and the waste PVC raw material by 20-mesh and 200-mesh screens, wherein the screen allowance is less than 5%, and packaging for later use;
b. mixing the ingredients: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55% of fly ash, 35% of waste PVC, 4.5% of light calcium carbonate, 2% of a stabilizer, 1.6% of a modifier (0.9% of chlorinated polyethylene, 0.7% of an acrylate copolymer), 0.3% of a foaming agent (0.2% of azodicarbonamide, 0.1% of sodium bicarbonate), 1% of a foaming regulator (K400, Migisen composite Co., Ltd., Kunshan), 0.2% of a first lubricant stearic acid and 0.4% of a second lubricant (0.2% of paraffin and 0.2% of PE wax) by weighing, and uniformly mixing all the materials; wherein the mixing temperature is 118 ℃, and then the mixture is cooled to 27 ℃;
c. extruding: extruding and molding the mixed raw materials by using an extrusion molding machine, wherein the temperature of a first material cylinder is 165 ℃, the temperature of a second material cylinder is 175 ℃, the temperature of a third material cylinder is 170 ℃, the temperature of a fourth material cylinder is 170 ℃, the temperature of a confluence core is 160 ℃, and the temperature of a machine head is 165 ℃;
d. molding: sizing the extruded plate by using a sizing table; cooling the plate by using a circulating water cooling system; the method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing a tractor to draw a plate; cutting the plate at a fixed length by using a cutting machine; obtaining a finished product of the tray panel and the base basic unit;
e. assembling: ten tray panel plates of 8cm multiplied by 1.5cm multiplied by 100cm are transversely arranged on four special-shaped tray bases of 120cm length, steel nails of 4.5-6.4 cm in length are nailed into the joints of the panels and the bases by steel nail guns, or self-tapping screws of 4cm in length are nailed into the joints of the panels and the bases by electric hand drills.
The finished products of the basic units of the tray panels prepared in examples 1 to 5 were tested for density, static bending strength, freeze-thaw resistance, water absorption, abrasion resistance, flame retardancy, and formaldehyde emission, and the stacking strength of tray # 1 to tray # 5 was tested as follows, and the test results are shown in table 2.
1. Density of
The density is the ratio of the mass of the test piece to the volume of the test piece, and is tested by a GB/T17657-2013 artificial board and a facing artificial board physical and chemical property test method 4.2.
2. Stacking strength
The stacking test is to determine the ability of the top and bottom decks of the pallet spanning between the chocks or stringers to withstand widely varying local payloads in a block stacked condition, and the stacking strength of the finished pallet panel base units obtained in examples 1-5 was determined according to test No. 4 in the national standard GB/T4995-2014.
3. Static bending strength
Static bending Strength the ratio of bending moment to bending section modulus at maximum load of the test pieces was determined, and the static bending strength of the finished products of the base unit of the pallet panels obtained in examples 1 to 5 was measured according to the test method of 4.9 in GB/T17657-1999.
4. Resistance to freezing and thawing
The samples are subjected to an anti-freezing test to judge the conditions of surface peeling, delamination, cracks and crack extension of the samples, and the freeze-thaw resistance of the finished product of the basic unit of the tray panel obtained in the examples 1-5 is determined for 1000 times according to the test method 6.7 in JC/T945-.
5. Water absorption rate
The water absorption of the finished products of the basic units of the tray panels obtained in examples 1 to 5 was measured by measuring the ratio of the mass difference before and after the sample was soaked in water for 24 hours to the mass before the sample was soaked in water according to the specification of the water absorption measurement for 4.6 hours in the national standard GB/T17657-2013.
6. Wear resistance
The wear resistance determines the surface abrasion loss of the product surface decorative layer and a grinding wheel with certain granularity after relative friction at a certain rotating speed and the capability of retaining decorative patterns on the surface. The test is carried out by a test method 4.44 for the physical and chemical properties of the GB/T17657-2013 artificial board and the veneer artificial board, wherein the granularity of the grinding wheel for the test is P180, and the rotating speed is 60 r/min.
7. Flame retardant properties
The flame retardancy of the finished product of the basic unit of the tray panel obtained in examples 1-5 is determined according to the vertical burning test described in test method B in national standard GB/T2408-2008, the test sample is in a vertical position, and the burning degree of the test after the flame is removed is evaluated.
The flame retardant grade, namely the property of the substance or the treated material for obviously delaying the flame spread, is classified according to a grading system, and the flame retardant grade is gradually increased from V2 to V1 to V0: v0 shows that after the sample is subjected to two 10-second combustion tests, the flame is extinguished within 30 seconds, and no combustible can fall off; v1 shows that after the sample is subjected to two 10-second combustion tests, the flame is extinguished within 60 seconds, and no combustible can fall off, and V2 shows that after the sample is subjected to two 10-second combustion tests, the flame is extinguished within 60 seconds, and the combustible can fall off.
8. Formaldehyde emission
The formaldehyde emission of the finished products of the basic units of the tray panels obtained in examples 1 to 5 was measured by the formaldehyde content measuring point-perforation method described in 4.58 of the national standard GB/T17657-2013. E2, E1 and E0 are environmental protection standards of formaldehyde release limit grades, wherein E2 is less than or equal to 5.0mg/L, E1 is less than or equal to 1.5mg/L, and E0 is less than or equal to 0.5 mg/L.
TABLE 2 tray Panel basic cell Performance test results
Figure BDA0001426445280000131
As shown in table 2, the density of the pallet panel base unit prepared in examples 1-5 was very small compared to the first generation pallet disclosed in CN106800730A, the density was reduced by about 50% compared to the first generation pallet, and the stacking strength was increased by more than 25%. The static bending strength is increased by more than 10 percent. Other performance test results also show that the tray of the invention has very excellent performance, the finished product of the basic unit of the tray panel prepared in the embodiment after 1000 times of freeze thawing has no change, the water absorption rate is very low, the wear resistance is high, the flame retardant performance reaches the highest V0 grade, and the formaldehyde emission reaches the strictest E0 grade.

Claims (92)

1. The tray is characterized by being prepared from raw materials containing 41-51 wt% of fly ash, 37-51 wt% of polyvinyl chloride reclaimed materials, 0-4.5 wt% of light calcium carbonate, 1.8-2.5 wt% of stabilizing agents, 0.4-1.8 wt% of modifying agents, 0.7-1.2 wt% of foaming agents, 2.4-4.2 wt% of foaming regulators, 0.4-0.8 wt% of first lubricants and 0.3-0.6 wt% of second lubricants; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the modifier contains chlorinated polyethylene, or acrylate copolymer, or a mixture of acrylate copolymer and chlorinated polyethylene;
the first lubricant comprises stearic acid, stearyl alcohol ester, calcium stearate or zinc stearate or any combination thereof;
the second lubricant comprises paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax or oxidized polyethylene wax or any combination thereof;
and, the tray is obtained by a manufacturing method comprising the steps of:
a. screening raw materials: screening the fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride reclaimed materials;
b. mixing the ingredients: mixing the fly ash obtained in the step a, a polyvinyl chloride reclaimed material and other raw materials added according to needs in percentage by weight to obtain a mixture of ingredients;
c. extruding: c, extruding and molding the mixture obtained in the step b by using an extrusion molding machine to obtain an extruded plate; the extrusion molding machine comprises an extrusion part, the extrusion part comprises an extrusion charging barrel and a host machine screw rod, the extrusion charging barrel is sequentially divided into a first charging barrel, a second charging barrel, a third charging barrel and a fourth charging barrel along the material output direction, and the host machine screw rod is provided with a confluence core and a machine head; during extrusion, the material obtained in the step b sequentially passes through the first material cylinder, the second material cylinder, the third material cylinder and the fourth material cylinder along the material output direction under the rotation of the main machine screw rod by the extrusion molding machine; wherein the temperature range of the first material cylinder is 155-165 ℃, the temperature range of the second material cylinder is 158-175 ℃, the temperature range of the third material cylinder is 162-170 ℃, the temperature range of the fourth material cylinder is 162-172 ℃, the temperature range of the confluence core is 155-160 ℃, and the temperature range of the machine head is 170-175 ℃;
d. molding: sequentially carrying out sizing on the extruded plate by a sizing table according to the size requirement of the basic unit of the tray panel or the tray base, cooling by a circulating water cooling system, drawing by a tractor and cutting by a cutting machine to a fixed length to obtain a finished product of the basic unit of the tray panel or the tray base;
assembling: and d, assembling the finished product of the basic unit of the tray panel and the finished product of the basic unit of the tray base obtained in the step d.
2. The pallet of claim 1, wherein the preparation method step (b) comprises in particular: the mixing temperature is 115 ℃ and 125 ℃, and then the mixture is cooled to 20-40 ℃ to obtain the ingredient mixture.
3. The tray according to claim 1, wherein the raw material comprises 41-48 wt% of fly ash, 40-51 wt% of polyvinyl chloride recycled material, 0-4.5 wt% of light calcium carbonate, 1.8-2.5 wt% of stabilizer, 0.4-1.1 wt% of modifier, 0.7-1 wt% of foaming agent, 2.4-3.7 wt% of foaming regulator, 0.4-0.8 wt% of first lubricant and 0.3-0.4 wt% of second lubricant.
4. The tray according to claim 2, wherein the raw material comprises 41-48 wt% of fly ash, 40-51 wt% of polyvinyl chloride recycled material, 0-4.5 wt% of light calcium carbonate, 1.8-2.5 wt% of stabilizer, 0.4-1.1 wt% of modifier, 0.7-1 wt% of foaming agent, 2.4-3.7 wt% of foaming regulator, 0.4-0.8 wt% of first lubricant and 0.3-0.4 wt% of second lubricant.
5. The tray according to claim 1, wherein the foaming agent contains azodicarbonamide and/or sodium bicarbonate.
6. The tray of claim 2, wherein the foaming agent comprises azodicarbonamide and/or sodium bicarbonate.
7. The tray according to claim 3, wherein the foaming agent contains azodicarbonamide and/or sodium bicarbonate.
8. The tray according to claim 4, wherein the foaming agent contains azodicarbonamide and/or sodium bicarbonate.
9. The tray of claim 1, wherein the stabilizer comprises a complex lead salt stabilizer or a calcium zinc complex stabilizer.
10. The tray of claim 2, wherein the stabilizer comprises a complex lead salt stabilizer or a calcium zinc complex stabilizer.
11. The tray of claim 3, wherein the stabilizer comprises a complex lead salt stabilizer or a calcium zinc complex stabilizer.
12. The tray of claim 4, wherein the stabilizer comprises a complex lead salt stabilizer or a calcium zinc complex stabilizer.
13. The tray of claim 1, wherein the tray density is ≦ 1g/cm3。
14. The tray of claim 2, wherein the tray density is ≤ 1g/cm3。
15. The tray as claimed in claim 3, wherein the tray density is ≤ 1g/cm3。
16. The tray as claimed in claim 4, wherein the tray density is ≤ 1g/cm3。
17. The tray as claimed in claim 5, wherein the tray density is ≤ 1g/cm3。
18. The tray of claim 6, wherein the tray density is ≦ 1g/cm3。
19. The tray of claim 7, wherein the tray density is ≦ 1g/cm3。
20. The tray of claim 8, wherein the tray density is ≦ 1g/cm3。
21. The tray of claim 9, wherein the tray density is ≦ 1g/cm3。
22. The tray of claim 10, wherein the tray density is ≤ 1g/cm3。
23. The tray of claim 11, wherein the tray density is ≦ 1g/cm3。
24. The tray of claim 12, wherein the tray density is ≦ 1g/cm3。
25. The pallet of claim 1, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
26. The pallet of claim 2, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
27. The pallet of claim 3, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
28. The pallet of claim 4, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
29. The pallet of claim 5, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
30. The pallet of claim 6, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
31. The pallet of claim 7, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
32. The pallet of claim 8, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
33. The pallet of claim 9, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
34. The pallet of claim 10, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
35. The pallet of claim 11, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
36. The pallet of claim 12, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
37. The pallet of claim 13, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
38. The pallet of claim 14, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
39. The pallet of claim 15, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
40. The pallet of claim 16, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
41. The pallet of claim 17, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
42. The pallet of claim 18, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
43. The pallet of claim 19, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
44. The pallet of claim 20, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
45. The pallet of claim 21, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
46. The pallet of claim 22, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
47. The pallet of claim 23, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
48. The pallet of claim 24, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 5 t.
49. The pallet of claim 1, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
50. The pallet of claim 2, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
51. The pallet of claim 3, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
52. The pallet of claim 4, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
53. The pallet of claim 5, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
54. The pallet of claim 6, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
55. The pallet of claim 7, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
56. The pallet of claim 8, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
57. The pallet of claim 9, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
58. The pallet of claim 10, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
59. The pallet of claim 11, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
60. The pallet of claim 12, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
61. The pallet of claim 13, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
62. The pallet of claim 14, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
63. The pallet of claim 15, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
64. The pallet of claim 16, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
65. The pallet of claim 17, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
66. The pallet of claim 18, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
67. The pallet of claim 19, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
68. The pallet of claim 20, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
69. The pallet of claim 21, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
70. The pallet of claim 22, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
71. The pallet of claim 23, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
72. The pallet of claim 24, wherein the pallet stacking strength is ≧ 7 t.
73. The tray of any of claims 1-72, wherein the tray static bending strength is greater than or equal to 27 MPa.
74. The tray of any of claims 1-72, wherein the tray static bending strength is ≥ 29 MPa.
75. The pallet of any of claims 1-72, wherein the pallet has an abrasion resistance ≦ 80mg/100 r.
76. The pallet of claim 73, wherein the pallet wear resistance is ≦ 80mg/100 r.
77. The pallet of claim 74, wherein the pallet wear resistance is ≦ 80mg/100 r.
78. The pallet of any of claims 1-72, wherein the pallet has an abrasion resistance ≦ 70mg/100 r.
79. The pallet of claim 73, wherein the pallet wear resistance is ≦ 70mg/100 r.
80. The pallet of claim 74, wherein the pallet wear resistance is ≦ 70mg/100 r.
81. The pallet of any of claims 1-72, wherein in step e), the assembly is nailed with steel nails or screws.
82. A method of making a tray as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 81, comprising the steps of:
a. screening raw materials: screening the fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride reclaimed materials;
b. mixing the ingredients: mixing the fly ash obtained in the step a, a polyvinyl chloride reclaimed material and other raw materials added according to needs in percentage by weight to obtain a mixture of ingredients;
c. extruding: c, extruding and molding the mixture obtained in the step b by using an extrusion molding machine to obtain an extruded plate; the extrusion molding machine comprises an extrusion part, the extrusion part comprises an extrusion charging barrel and a host machine screw rod, the extrusion charging barrel is sequentially divided into a first charging barrel, a second charging barrel, a third charging barrel and a fourth charging barrel along the material output direction, and the host machine screw rod is provided with a confluence core and a machine head; during extrusion, the material obtained in the step b sequentially passes through the first material cylinder, the second material cylinder, the third material cylinder and the fourth material cylinder along the material output direction under the rotation of the main machine screw rod by the extrusion molding machine; wherein the temperature range of the first material cylinder is 155-165 ℃, the temperature range of the second material cylinder is 158-175 ℃, the temperature range of the third material cylinder is 162-170 ℃, the temperature range of the fourth material cylinder is 162-172 ℃, the temperature range of the confluence core is 155-160 ℃, and the temperature range of the machine head is 170-175 ℃;
d. molding: sequentially carrying out sizing on the extruded plate by a sizing table according to the size requirement of the basic unit of the tray panel or the tray base, cooling by a circulating water cooling system, drawing by a tractor and cutting by a cutting machine to a fixed length to obtain a finished product of the basic unit of the tray panel or the tray base;
assembling: and d, assembling the finished product of the basic unit of the tray panel and the finished product of the basic unit of the tray base obtained in the step d.
83. The method of claim 82, wherein step (b) comprises in particular: the mixing temperature is 115 ℃ and 125 ℃, and then the mixture is cooled to 20-40 ℃ to obtain the ingredient mixture.
84. The method of claim 82, wherein a portion of the ingredient mixture obtained by step b is replaced with crushed material obtained by crushing waste pallets.
85. The method of claim 83, wherein a portion of the ingredient mixture obtained by step b is replaced with crushed material obtained by crushing waste pallets.
86. The method as claimed in claim 82, wherein the proportion of crushed material obtained by crushing the waste pallets in the ingredient mixture obtained in the step b is 5-15%.
87. The method according to claim 83, wherein the proportion of crushed material obtained by crushing the waste pallets in the ingredient mixture obtained in the step b is 5-15%.
88. The method according to any one of claims 82-87, wherein in step e) the stapling assembly is performed with steel nails or screws.
89. A tray made by the method of any one of claims 82-88.
90. The tray of any one of claims 1-81 or claim 89, wherein the tray is assembled from a finished tray panel base unit product having a width a and a finished tray base unit product having a length b, b: a ≧ 10.
91. The pallet of claim 90, wherein the number of pallet panel base unit finishes used in each pallet is greater than 6.
92. The pallet of claim 91, wherein the finished base unit is an I-shaped structure of equal width.
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CN106800730B (en) * 2017-01-04 2020-03-03 内蒙古佳运通智能环保新材料有限公司 Composite material for bearing, its preparation method and application in making tray

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