CN107682873B - Millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method - Google Patents
Millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107682873B CN107682873B CN201711124611.7A CN201711124611A CN107682873B CN 107682873 B CN107682873 B CN 107682873B CN 201711124611 A CN201711124611 A CN 201711124611A CN 107682873 B CN107682873 B CN 107682873B
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- base station
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- shadow area
- passive reflector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/18—Network planning tools
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/24—Cell structures
- H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method adopts a direct irradiation coverage method in a direct irradiation area (21) of the base station (1), and adopts a passive reflector (3) irradiation coverage method in a shadow area (22) of the base station (1); the position of the base station (1) is such that the signals of the base station (1) can reach the shadow zone (22) via the shortest possible path (5) with the least possible number of reflections; the passive reflector (3) is positioned such that the total number of reflections of the base station (1) signal through the primary passive reflector (31) or the multi-stage passive reflector (32) to the shadow zone (22) path (5) is as small as possible and the total distance is as short as possible. The method can reduce the path loss of millimeter wave large-scale propagation, increase the number of independent channels and improve the independence of MIMO channels; the energy-saving building is characterized by energy saving, wide working frequency band and low cost without using a power supply, and is easy to be fused with the existing environment and buildings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to mobile communication, in particular to a millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method.
Background
The rate of mobile communication is higher and higher, and in order to meet the requirement of high rate, the operating frequency of mobile communication is also higher and higher, and the millimeter wave frequency band is entered. In urban environment, the building has shielding effect on millimeter wave propagation, becomes a shielding object for millimeter wave propagation, and the area shielded by the shielding object is a shadow area for millimeter wave propagation. The millimeter wave propagates in the shadow area mainly by millimeter wave diffraction, but the wavelength of millimeter wave is shorter, and the diffraction capacity of millimeter wave is far lower than the frequency band with lower frequency. Therefore, the path loss of the millimeter wave is larger than that of the frequency band with lower frequency, the path loss factor of the millimeter wave is larger than that of the frequency band with lower frequency, and the coverage effect of the millimeter wave is lower than that of the frequency band with lower frequency, especially in a shadow area. Even in the direct light region, the number and intensity of scatterers are sometimes not ideal, and channel capacity is also affected.
In order to improve coverage effect of the shadow area, an active relay method, such as a repeater, is generally adopted. The base station is sometimes added directly to reduce the range of the shadow zone. These methods are high in power consumption and high in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method which can improve the coverage effect of millimeter waves in a shadow area, does not use a power supply, has the characteristics of energy conservation, wide working frequency band and low cost, and is easy to fuse with the existing environment and buildings.
The technical scheme is as follows: the millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method adopts a direct irradiation coverage method in a direct irradiation region of the base station, and adopts a passive reflector irradiation coverage method in a shadow region of the base station, so that the signal intensity of the shadow region is improved, and the channel characteristic of the shadow region is improved; the position of the base station is located at the intersection of the corridor without the shielding object in the space or at the opening without the shielding object nearby as far as possible, so that the proportion of the direct incidence area in the service area is large, and meanwhile, the base station signal can reach the shadow area through the path with the smallest reflection times and the shortest possible path; the passive reflector comprises a primary passive reflector and a multi-stage passive reflector; the passive reflectors are positioned so that the total number of reflections of the base station signal through the primary passive reflector or the multi-stage passive reflectors to the shadow area path is as small as possible and the total distance is as short as possible to reduce the total path loss of the path.
In densely populated service areas, the base station location height may be greater than the building height to reduce the distance of the base station signal to the shadow area path to reduce the total path loss of the path.
The first-stage passive reflector is positioned in a direct incidence area of the base station, and reflects direct incidence signals of the base station to a shadow area; the multi-stage passive reflector is positioned in a shadow area of the base station; the first passive reflector and the multi-stage passive reflector can reflect relay for many times, and can send electromagnetic wave signals of the base station to a shadow area which can be reached only through reflection.
Multiple paths from the base station to the shadow zone can be formed in the same shadow zone by utilizing multiple groups of passive reflectors, so that the characteristics of path loss, channel correlation and the like of channels between the base station and the shadow zone are further improved.
Different types of reflected waves can be obtained by using passive reflectors with different reflecting surface shapes, and then the beam width reaching a shadow area is adjusted by selecting the reflecting surface shape of the passive reflector so as to improve the characteristics of path loss, arrival angle, channel correlation and the like of a channel.
The passive reflector can be a specially manufactured passive reflector, or can be a passive reflector by using naturally existing objects such as ground, building outer walls and the like; the surface treatment can also be carried out on the outer wall of a building, the shape of the outer wall is changed to form a passive reflector with a required shape, the surface material composition of the outer wall is changed to improve the reflectivity, and the surface smoothness of the outer wall is changed to improve the reflectivity; the specially manufactured passive reflectors can be installed alone or on the outer wall surface of a building so as not to damage the appearance of the building.
In order to improve the channel characteristics in the direct zone, passive reflectors may be used in the direct zone to increase the number of propagation paths to reduce the correlation of the channels and provide channel capacity, according to the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) requirements.
The different shaped reflector surfaces produce reflected waves of different characteristics, in general, the convex surface will cause the beam of the reflected wave to widen and diverge, and the concave surface will cause the beam of the reflected wave to narrow and focus into the focal region. According to the spatial relationship between the base station and the shadow area and the range of the shadow area, a plurality of passive reflectors with various shapes can be used for converting the electromagnetic wave from the base station into the direction, the width, the focal area and the like of the wave beam through the passive reflectors with different shapes, so that the width range of the wave beam is consistent with the range of the shadow area as far as possible, and the attenuation of a channel from the base station to the shadow area is as small as possible.
The use of passive reflectors allows the formation of multiple propagation paths from the base station to the shadow region, which not only makes the best use of electromagnetic wave energy from the base station, but also improves diversity reception performance, improves the characteristics of the base station to the shadow region MIMO channel, for example, reduces correlation between channels.
The determination principle of the number and the positions of the passive reflectors is as follows: 1) Meeting the coverage area requirement; 2) The path loss from the base station to the shadow area is minimal.
And determining the size of the passive reflector according to the signal intensity requirement of the shadow region.
The reflection capability of a passive reflector for a signal can be characterized by a radar reflection section (RCS), which is related to its area, shape, surface material and signal frequency. In general, for a planar passive reflector, its radar reflection cross section is proportional to the square of the frequency. Because the millimeter wave frequency is high, the passive reflector with the same area has strong reflection capability on millimeter wave signals, and thus the coverage capability of the passive reflector on a shadow area is greatly improved.
The beneficial effects are that: the millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method has the advantages that the method can reduce the path loss of millimeter wave large-scale propagation, reduce loss factors, increase independent channels and improve the independence of MIMO channels; the energy-saving building is characterized by energy saving, wide working frequency band and low cost, and is easy to be fused with the existing environment and buildings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method.
The drawings are as follows: base station 1, service area 2, direct area 21, shadow area 22, passive reflector 3, primary passive reflector 31, multi-stage passive reflector 32, obstruction 4, corridor 41, and path 5.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The invention adopts the following embodiments: the millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method adopts a direct irradiation coverage method in a direct irradiation region 21 of the base station 1, and adopts a passive reflector 3 irradiation coverage method in a shadow region 22 of the base station 1, so as to improve the signal intensity of the shadow region 22 and improve the channel characteristic of the shadow region 22; the position of the base station 1 is located at the intersection of the corridor 41 without the shielding object 4 in the space or at the opening of the nearby corridor without the shielding object 4 as far as possible, so that the proportion of the direct irradiation area 21 in the service area 2 is large, and meanwhile, the signals of the base station 1 can reach the shadow area 22 through the path 5 with the smallest reflection times and the shortest possible; the passive reflector 3 includes a one-stage passive reflector 31 and a multi-stage passive reflector 32; the passive reflector 3 is positioned such that the total number of reflections of the base station 1 signal through the primary passive reflector 31 or the multi-stage passive reflector 32 to the shadow zone 22 path 5 is as small as possible and the total distance is as short as possible to reduce the total path loss of the path 5.
In a densely populated service area 2, the base station 1 may be located at a height greater than the height of the building to reduce the distance of the base station 1 signal from the shadow area 22 path 5 to reduce the overall path loss of the path 5.
The primary passive reflector 31 is located in the direct area 21 of the base station 1, and the primary passive reflector 31 reflects the direct signal of the base station 1 to the shadow area 22; the multi-stage passive reflector 32 is located in the shadow area 22 of the base station 1; the primary passive reflector and the multi-stage passive reflector reflect relay for many times, and can send the electromagnetic wave signal of the base station 1 to the shadow area 22 which can be reached after reflection.
With multiple sets of passive reflectors 3, the same shadow area 22 can form multiple paths 5 from the base station 1 to the shadow area 22 to further improve the characteristics of path loss, channel correlation, etc. of the channel between the base station 1 and the shadow area 22.
The passive reflectors 3 with different reflection surface shapes can be used to obtain different types of reflected waves, and then the beam width reaching the shadow area is adjusted by selecting the reflection surface shape of the passive reflector so as to improve the characteristics of path loss, arrival angle, channel correlation and the like of the channel.
The passive reflector 3 may be a specially manufactured passive reflector 3, or a naturally occurring object such as the ground or an outer wall of a building may be used as the passive reflector 3; the surface treatment can also be carried out on the outer wall of a building, the shape of the outer wall is changed to form a passive reflector with a required shape, the surface material composition of the outer wall is changed to improve the reflectivity, and the surface smoothness of the outer wall is changed to improve the reflectivity; the specially manufactured passive reflectors 3 may be installed alone or on the exterior wall surface of a building so as not to damage the external shape of the building.
In order to improve the channel characteristics in the direct zone, according to the requirement of MIMO, the passive reflectors 3 may be used in the direct zone to increase the number of propagation paths, thereby reducing the correlation of channels and providing channel capacity.
The different shaped reflector surfaces produce reflected waves of different characteristics, in general, the convex surface will cause the beam of the reflected wave to widen and diverge, and the concave surface will cause the beam of the reflected wave to narrow and focus into the focal region. According to the spatial relationship between the base station 1 and the shadow area 22 and the range of the shadow area 22, a plurality of passive reflectors 3 with various shapes can be used to transform the electromagnetic wave from the base station 1 into the direction, width, focal area and the like of the wave beam through the passive reflectors 3 with different shapes, so that when the wave beam reaches the shadow area 22, the width range of the wave beam is consistent with the range of the shadow area 22 as much as possible, and the attenuation of the channel from the base station 1 to the shadow area 22 is as small as possible.
The use of the passive reflector 3 can form a plurality of propagation paths from the base station 1 to the shadow zone 22, so that not only electromagnetic wave energy of the base station 1 is utilized as much as possible, but also diversity reception performance can be improved, characteristics of MIMO channels of the base station 1 to the shadow zone 22 can be improved, for example, correlation between channels can be reduced.
The number and location of the passive reflectors 3 are determined by: 1) Meeting the coverage area requirement; 2) The path loss from the base station 1 to the shadow zone 22 is minimal.
The size of the passive reflector 3 is determined according to the signal strength requirement of the shadow region 22.
The reflection capability of the passive reflector 3 for signals can be characterized by a radar reflection section (RCS), the radar reflection section of the passive reflector 3 being related to its area, shape, surface material and signal frequency. In general, for a planar passive reflector 3, its radar reflection cross section is proportional to the square of the frequency. The passive reflector 3 with the same area has strong reflection capability on millimeter wave signals because of high millimeter wave frequency, so that the coverage capability of the passive reflector 3 on the shadow area 22 is greatly improved.
The present invention can be achieved in accordance with the above.
Claims (4)
1. A millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method comprises the steps of adopting direct irradiation coverage in a direct irradiation area (21) of a base station (1), adopting a passive reflector (3) to irradiate coverage in a shadow area (22) of the base station (1) so as to improve the signal intensity of the shadow area (22) and improve the channel characteristic of the shadow area (22); the position of the base station (1) is located at the intersection of the corridor (41) without the shielding object (4) in the space as far as possible or at the opening of the nearby corridor without the shielding object (4), so that the proportion of the direct incidence area (21) in the service area (2) is large, and meanwhile, the signals of the base station (1) can reach the shadow area (22) through the path (5) with the smallest reflection times and the shortest possible; the passive reflector (3) comprises a primary passive reflector (31) and a multi-stage passive reflector (32);
the primary passive reflector (31) is positioned in a direct incidence area (21) of the base station (1), and the primary passive reflector (31) reflects direct incidence signals of the base station (1) to a shadow area (22); the multistage passive reflector (32) is positioned in a shadow area (22) of the base station (1);
under the condition that a single path (5) sends an electromagnetic wave signal from a base station (1) to a shadow area (22), the electromagnetic wave signal of the base station (1) is sent to a multi-stage passive reflector (32) through a first-stage passive reflector (31), and reaches the shadow area (22) through repeated relay reflection of the multi-stage passive reflector (32);
under the condition that a plurality of paths (5) send electromagnetic wave signals from the base station (1) to the same shadow area (22), the same shadow area (22) can form a plurality of paths (5) from the base station (1) to the shadow area (22) by utilizing a plurality of groups of passive reflectors (3), so as to further improve the path loss and channel correlation characteristics of channels between the base station (1) and the shadow area (22).
2. A millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method according to claim 1, characterized in that in a densely built service area (2), the base station (1) can be located at a height greater than the height of the building to reduce the distance of the base station (1) signal to the shadow area (22) path (5) to reduce the total path loss of the path (5).
3. The outdoor passive coverage method of millimeter wave according to claim 1, characterized in that different types of reflected waves can be obtained by using passive reflectors (3) with different reflecting surface shapes, and further by selecting the reflecting surface shape of the passive reflectors, the beam width reaching the shadow area is adjusted to improve the path loss, the angle of arrival, and the channel correlation characteristics of the channel.
4. A millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method according to claim 1, characterized in that the passive reflector (3) is either a specially manufactured passive reflector (3) or an object naturally existing on the ground or the outer wall of a building is used as the passive reflector (3); the surface treatment can also be carried out on the outer wall of a building, the shape of the outer wall is changed to form a passive reflector with a required shape, the surface material composition of the outer wall is changed to improve the reflectivity, and the surface smoothness of the outer wall is changed to improve the reflectivity; the specially manufactured passive reflectors (3) can be installed independently or on the outer wall surface of a building so as not to damage the appearance of the building.
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| CN201711124611.7A CN107682873B (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2017-11-14 | Millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method |
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| CN201711124611.7A CN107682873B (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2017-11-14 | Millimeter wave outdoor passive coverage method |
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| CN107682873B true CN107682873B (en) | 2023-08-08 |
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| CN110808800B (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2021-06-08 | 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 | Control method of reflection device, service request method, device and equipment |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101427420A (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2009-05-06 | 英特尔公司 | Millimeter-wave chip-lens array antenna systems for wireless networks |
| CN101427486A (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2009-05-06 | 英特尔公司 | Millimeter-wave communication system with directional antenna and one or more millimeter-wave reflectors |
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| US20110102233A1 (en) * | 2008-09-15 | 2011-05-05 | Trex Enterprises Corp. | Active millimeter-wave imaging system |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101427420A (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2009-05-06 | 英特尔公司 | Millimeter-wave chip-lens array antenna systems for wireless networks |
| CN101427487A (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2009-05-06 | 英特公司 | Millimeter-wave chip-lens array antenna systems for wireless networks |
| CN101427486A (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2009-05-06 | 英特尔公司 | Millimeter-wave communication system with directional antenna and one or more millimeter-wave reflectors |
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