CN107677677B - Quantitative characterization method for segregation degree of continuous casting billet - Google Patents

Quantitative characterization method for segregation degree of continuous casting billet Download PDF

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CN107677677B
CN107677677B CN201710852006.5A CN201710852006A CN107677677B CN 107677677 B CN107677677 B CN 107677677B CN 201710852006 A CN201710852006 A CN 201710852006A CN 107677677 B CN107677677 B CN 107677677B
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segregation
continuous casting
analyzed
casting billet
proportion
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CN107677677A (en
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尚成嘉
郭福建
李秀程
刘文乐
谢振家
王学敏
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8851Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8851Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
    • G01N2021/8887Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges based on image processing techniques

Abstract

The invention provides a quantitative characterization method for the segregation degree of a continuous casting billet, which can quantitatively characterize the segregation severity degree of the continuous casting billet. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed; carrying out binarization processing on the obtained photo to obtain an image comprising a segregation point and a matrix; setting the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed as an appointed orientation coordinate, and counting the proportion of a segregation point corresponding to a coordinate value on the appointed orientation mark to the total pixel point of the thickness section picture according to the obtained image comprising the segregation point and the matrix, wherein the proportion is used as the segregation proportion corresponding to the thickness value on the appointed orientation coordinate; and extracting characteristic quantity according to the obtained segregation proportion to judge the segregation severity of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed. The invention relates to the technical field of steelmaking continuous casting.

Description

Quantitative characterization method for segregation degree of continuous casting billet
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steelmaking and continuous casting, in particular to a quantitative characterization method for the segregation degree of a continuous casting billet.
Background
Segregation is a common defect of a steel continuous casting slab, and is generally considered to be closely related to strength and toughness properties. The method for characterizing the center segregation of a continuous casting slab generally comprises the steps of polishing an observed continuous casting slab area, etching the area by using hot acid, visually observing the area, comparing the area with a standard pattern and grading the area.
In the prior art, the method of observing by human eyes and comparing with a standard map is adopted to grade the segregation of the continuous casting billet, the grading result completely depends on the subjectivity of an evaluator, and the accuracy is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a quantitative characterization method for the segregation degree of a continuous casting billet so as to solve the problem of low accuracy of a grading evaluation result depending on human eye observation and human judgment in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for quantitatively characterizing a segregation degree of a continuous casting slab, including:
acquiring a photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed;
carrying out binarization processing on the obtained photo to obtain an image comprising a segregation point and a matrix;
setting the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed as an appointed orientation coordinate, and counting the proportion of a segregation point corresponding to a coordinate value on the appointed orientation mark to the total pixel point of the thickness section picture according to the obtained image comprising the segregation point and the matrix, wherein the proportion is used as the segregation proportion corresponding to the thickness value on the appointed orientation coordinate;
and extracting characteristic quantity according to the obtained segregation proportion to judge the segregation severity of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed.
Further, the acquiring of the picture of the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed comprises:
and taking a picture of the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed, the length of which is not less than 100mm, and acquiring the picture of the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed.
Further, the binarizing the acquired photograph to obtain an image including a segregation point and a matrix includes:
and carrying out binarization processing on the obtained photo according to a preset binarization threshold value to obtain an image comprising the segregation points and the matrix.
Further, the assigned directional coordinate is an abscissa;
the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed is set as an appointed orientation coordinate, the proportion of the segregation points corresponding to the coordinate values on the appointed orientation mark in the total pixel points of the thickness section picture is counted according to the obtained image comprising the segregation points and the matrix, and the segregation proportion corresponding to the thickness value on the appointed orientation coordinate comprises the following steps:
setting the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed as a horizontal coordinate;
and counting the proportion of the segregation point corresponding to each coordinate value in the designated coordinate value range to the total pixel point of the thickness section photo in the designated coordinate value range as the segregation proportion corresponding to each thickness value in the designated coordinate value range.
Further, the method further comprises:
and when the segregation proportion corresponding to each thickness value in the specified coordinate value range is determined, the number of broken points can be added as an auxiliary parameter.
Further, the step of extracting the characteristic quantity to judge the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed according to the obtained segregation proportion comprises the following steps:
taking the obtained segregation proportion as a variable value of a vertical coordinate to obtain a corresponding curve;
extracting characteristic quantity for judging the segregation severity of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed based on the obtained curve;
and judging the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed according to the extracted characteristic quantity.
Further, the feature quantity includes: one or more of maximum peak, full width, number of full width internal peaks, half-height width, number of full width external peaks of the curve.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the scheme, a photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed is obtained; carrying out binarization processing on the obtained photo to obtain an image comprising a segregation point and a matrix; setting the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed as an appointed orientation coordinate, and counting the proportion of a segregation point corresponding to a coordinate value on the appointed orientation mark to the total pixel point of the thickness section picture according to the obtained image comprising the segregation point and the matrix, wherein the proportion is used as the segregation proportion corresponding to the thickness value on the appointed orientation coordinate; and extracting characteristic quantity according to the obtained segregation proportion to judge the segregation severity of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed. Therefore, according to the obtained segregation proportion, the characteristic quantity is extracted to judge the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting billet, the traditional grading evaluation depending on human eye observation and human judgment can be changed into accurate quantitative statistics, and the segregation continuity and the thickness distribution range of the continuous casting billet can be reflected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a quantitative characterization method for segregation degree of a continuous casting slab provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an image in a Mannesmann rating map provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an image after the binaryzation processing of the manninesmann rating map according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first graph of a segregation ratio graph according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a photograph of a detection surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a binarization processing result of a local photograph of a segregation portion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a second graph plotted according to segregation proportions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a quantitative characterization method for the segregation degree of a continuous casting billet, aiming at the problem that the existing grading evaluation result depending on human eye observation and human judgment has low accuracy.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, a method for quantitatively characterizing segregation degree of a continuous casting slab, provided by an embodiment of the present invention, includes:
s101, obtaining a photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed;
s102, carrying out binarization processing on the obtained photo to obtain an image comprising a segregation point and a matrix;
s103, determining the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed as an appointed coordinate, and counting the proportion of a segregation point corresponding to a coordinate value on the appointed coordinate in a total pixel point of a thickness section picture according to an obtained image comprising the segregation point and a matrix, wherein the proportion is used as the segregation proportion corresponding to a thickness value on the appointed coordinate;
and S104, extracting characteristic quantity according to the obtained segregation proportion to judge the segregation severity of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed.
The method for quantitatively characterizing the segregation degree of the continuous casting billet comprises the following steps of obtaining a picture of a thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed; carrying out binarization processing on the obtained photo to obtain an image comprising a segregation point and a matrix; setting the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed as an appointed orientation coordinate, and counting the proportion of a segregation point corresponding to a coordinate value on the appointed orientation mark to the total pixel point of the thickness section picture according to the obtained image comprising the segregation point and the matrix, wherein the proportion is used as the segregation proportion corresponding to the thickness value on the appointed orientation coordinate; and extracting characteristic quantity according to the obtained segregation proportion to judge the segregation severity of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed. Therefore, according to the obtained segregation proportion, the characteristic quantity is extracted to judge the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting billet, the traditional grading evaluation depending on human eye observation and human judgment can be changed into accurate quantitative statistics, and the segregation continuity and the thickness distribution range of the continuous casting billet can be reflected.
In this embodiment, before obtaining a photo of a thickness section of a continuous casting slab to be analyzed, the continuous casting slab to be analyzed needs to be polished and etched with hot acid, and then the thickness section (detection surface) of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed, which is not less than 100mm in length, is photographed.
In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the performing binarization processing on the obtained photograph to obtain an image including a segregation point and a matrix includes:
and carrying out binarization processing on the obtained photo according to a preset binarization threshold value to obtain an image comprising the segregation points and the matrix.
In this embodiment, after obtaining the photo of the thickness cross section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed, the segregation zone of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed may be displayed by using a computer image processing method, and the specific method is as follows:
carrying out image enhancement and noise reduction processing on the acquired picture; and then, selecting a reasonable division critical value as a binarization threshold value, and carrying out binarization processing on the obtained photo according to the binarization threshold value.
In a specific embodiment of the quantitative characterization method for the segregation degree of the continuous casting slab, further, the assigned directional coordinate is an abscissa;
the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed is set as an appointed orientation coordinate, the proportion of the segregation points corresponding to the coordinate values on the appointed orientation mark in the total pixel points of the thickness section picture is counted according to the obtained image comprising the segregation points and the matrix, and the segregation proportion corresponding to the thickness value on the appointed orientation coordinate comprises the following steps:
setting the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed as a horizontal coordinate;
and counting the proportion of the segregation point corresponding to each coordinate value in the designated coordinate value range to the total pixel point of the thickness section photo in the designated coordinate value range as the segregation proportion corresponding to each thickness value in the designated coordinate value range.
In this embodiment, the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed is defined as an abscissa X, and for a coordinate value range specified by the X on the abscissa, the proportion of segregation points corresponding to each coordinate value in the specified coordinate value range to the total pixel points of the thickness section photograph is counted as the segregation proportion corresponding to each thickness value in the specified coordinate value range.
In a specific embodiment of the foregoing method for quantitatively characterizing the segregation degree of a continuous casting slab, further, the method further includes:
and when the segregation proportion corresponding to each thickness value in the specified coordinate value range is determined, the number of broken points can be added as an auxiliary parameter.
In a specific embodiment of the foregoing method for quantitatively characterizing the segregation degree of a continuous casting slab, further, the extracting, according to the obtained segregation ratio, a characteristic quantity to judge the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed includes:
taking the obtained segregation proportion as a variable value of a vertical coordinate to obtain a corresponding curve;
extracting characteristic quantity for judging the segregation severity of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed based on the obtained curve;
and judging the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed according to the extracted characteristic quantity.
In this embodiment, the obtained segregation ratio is used as a variable value of a vertical coordinate Y to obtain a corresponding curve; extracting characteristic quantity for judging the segregation severity of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed based on the obtained curve, wherein the characteristic quantity comprises the following components: one or more of a maximum peak, a full width, a number of full width internal peaks, a half-height width, a number of full width external peaks of the curve; and judging the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed according to the extracted characteristic quantity.
In the embodiment, the thickness section (detection surface) of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed is polished, and the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed is corroded by a hot acid corrosion method; photographing the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed, the length of which is not less than 100 mm; carrying out binarization processing on the shot picture to distinguish a segregation part and a surrounding matrix; and designating the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed as a horizontal coordinate, drawing a curve by taking the segregation proportion as a vertical coordinate, and further extracting one or more of the maximum peak value, the full width internal peak value number, the half-maximum width and the full width external peak value number of the curve as characteristic quantities for judging the segregation severity of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed.
Example two
Since the release of the YB/T4003-1997 'chart for grading macroscopic structure defects of continuous casting steel plate blanks' on 8, 4 days in 1997, the domestic metallurgical industry grades the center segregation of the continuous casting blanks according to the standard.
However, the picture quality in the rating map is poor, and the feature quantity extraction cannot be carried out, so that a Mannesmann rating map which is relatively approved in international colleagues is adopted as a research object, the segregation rating of the continuous casting billet in the Mannesmann rating map is divided into 5 grades, and the higher the grade is, the worse the quality is represented. Fig. 2 is a picture extracted from a mannesmann rating map, fig. 3 is an effect of fig. 2 after picture enhancement, noise reduction, and binarization, fig. 4 is a curve drawn after statistical segregation proportion, and data in table 1 are feature quantities obtained from fig. 4. In fig. 4, class 1 is not included because the degree of segregation is low, and the obtained photograph hardly extracts the feature amount.
Characteristic quantities of the curves of Table 1
Maximum peak value Full width Number of peaks in full width Full width at half maximum Number of full width external peaks
class2 0.055 31 4 9.42 1
class3 0.147 29 1 6.67 1
class4 0.462 36 1 10.5 1
class5 0.244 36 2 13.3 0
EXAMPLE III
A) And polishing
When the continuous casting billet to be analyzed is machined, deformation and a heat affected zone caused by cutting must be removed, and the test surface is ensured not to be affected by the deformation and the heat affected zone, wherein the distance between the test surface and a cutting surface is as follows: not less than 15 mm. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, planing (or milling) a test surface by using a planer or a milling machine; then, the surface was ground with a grinder so that the roughness of the test surface was: ra is less than or equal to 1.6 mu m.
B) And hot acid etching:
the acid etching solution comprises the following components: hydrochloric acid aqueous solution 1:1 (volume ratio)
Acid liquor temperature: heat preservation at 80 deg.C
Acid etching time: 30min
When the continuous casting billet corrosion is to be analyzed, the detection surface is not required to be in contact with a container or other continuous casting billets, corrosion products on the detection surface can be brushed off by using a sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the volume ratio of 5%, then the detection surface is cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol, and then the detection surface is dried by high-pressure air.
C) And the detection surface takes a picture
The light adopts natural light and is direct-lit, the single lens is fixed by a tripod, the center of the lens and the detection surface of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed are kept on the same horizontal plane, the focusing is carried out, the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed with the length not less than 100mm is photographed, and a photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed is obtained, as shown in fig. 5.
D) Binarization processing and characteristic quantity extraction:
performing image enhancement, noise reduction and binarization processing on the obtained picture in MATLAB software by using a self-programming algorithm to obtain an image shown in FIG. 6 (the image 6 corresponds to a part in a square frame in FIG. 5, and an area which takes a central segregation line as a central line and is 6cm wide is selected for accurate picture processing and characteristic quantity extraction); then, a segregation ratio curve was plotted as shown in fig. 7, and finally, the characteristic amounts shown in table 2 were obtained based on fig. 7.
Characteristic quantities of the curves of Table 2
Figure BDA0001412167360000071
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A method for quantitatively characterizing the segregation degree of a continuous casting billet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed;
carrying out binarization processing on the obtained photo to obtain an image comprising a segregation point and a matrix;
setting the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed as an appointed coordinate, and counting the proportion of a segregation point corresponding to the coordinate value on the appointed coordinate to the total pixel point of the thickness section picture according to the obtained image comprising the segregation point and the matrix, wherein the proportion is used as the segregation proportion corresponding to the thickness value on the appointed coordinate;
extracting characteristic quantity according to the obtained segregation proportion to judge the segregation severity of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed;
wherein the specified directional coordinate is an abscissa;
the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed is set as an appointed coordinate, the proportion of a segregation point corresponding to the coordinate value on the appointed coordinate to the total pixel point of the thickness section picture is counted according to the obtained image comprising the segregation point and the matrix, and the segregation proportion corresponding to the thickness value on the appointed coordinate comprises the following steps:
setting the thickness direction of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed as a horizontal coordinate;
counting the proportion of a segregation point corresponding to each coordinate value in the designated coordinate value range to the total pixel points of the thickness section picture in the designated coordinate value range as the segregation proportion corresponding to each thickness value in the designated coordinate value range;
wherein, according to the obtained segregation proportion, extracting characteristic quantity to judge the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed comprises the following steps:
taking the obtained segregation proportion as a variable value of a vertical coordinate to obtain a corresponding curve;
extracting characteristic quantity for judging the segregation severity of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed based on the obtained curve;
judging the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed according to the extracted characteristic quantity;
wherein the feature quantity includes: one or more of maximum peak, full width, number of full width internal peaks, half-height width, number of full width external peaks of the curve.
2. The method for quantitatively characterizing the segregation degree of the continuous casting slab as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the picture of the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed comprises the following steps:
and taking a picture of the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed, the length of which is not less than 100mm, and acquiring the picture of the thickness section of the continuous casting billet to be analyzed.
3. The method for quantitatively characterizing the segregation degree of the continuous casting slab as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of binarizing the obtained picture to obtain the image comprising the segregation point and the matrix comprises the steps of:
and carrying out binarization processing on the obtained photo according to a preset binarization threshold value to obtain an image comprising the segregation points and the matrix.
4. The quantitative characterization method for the segregation degree of the continuous casting slab as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the following steps:
and when the segregation proportion corresponding to each thickness value in the specified coordinate value range is determined, the number of broken points can be added as an auxiliary parameter.
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