CN107677677A - A kind of continuous casting slab segregation degree quantification characterizing method - Google Patents
A kind of continuous casting slab segregation degree quantification characterizing method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种连铸坯偏析程度定量化表征方法，能够定量化地表征连铸坯偏析的严重程度。所述方法包括：获取待分析连铸坯的厚度截面的照片；对获取的所述照片进行二值化处理，得到包括偏析点和基体的图像；将所述待分析连铸坯的厚度方向定为指定向坐标，根据得到的包括偏析点和基体的图像，统计所述指定向标上坐标值对应的偏析点占厚度截面照片的总像素点的比例，作为所述指定向坐标上的厚度值对应的偏析比例；根据得到的偏析比例，提取特征量以评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析的严重程度。本发明涉及炼钢连铸技术领域。
The invention provides a quantitative characterization method for the segregation degree of the continuous casting slab, which can quantitatively characterize the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting slab. The method includes: obtaining a photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed; performing binarization processing on the obtained photo to obtain an image including segregation points and a matrix; determining the thickness direction of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed To specify the directional coordinates, according to the obtained images including the segregation points and the matrix, count the ratio of the segregation points corresponding to the coordinate values on the specified directional mark to the total pixel points of the thickness section photo as the thickness value on the specified directional coordinates Corresponding segregation ratio; according to the obtained segregation ratio, feature quantities are extracted to judge the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed. The invention relates to the technical field of steelmaking and continuous casting.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及炼钢连铸技术领域，特别是指一种连铸坯偏析程度定量化表征方法。The invention relates to the technical field of steelmaking and continuous casting, in particular to a quantitative characterization method for the segregation degree of continuous casting slabs.
背景技术Background technique
偏析是钢铁材料连铸坯常见的一种缺陷，通常认为与强度及韧性性能有着比较密切的联系。对连铸坯中心偏析的表征方法通常为将所观测连铸坯区域进行打磨，用热酸进行浸蚀，目测并与标准图样比对并进行评级。Segregation is a common defect in continuous casting slabs of iron and steel materials, and is generally considered to be closely related to strength and toughness properties. The characterization method for the segregation of the continuous casting slab is usually to grind the observed continuous casting slab area, etch it with hot acid, visually observe it, compare it with the standard pattern and make a rating.
现有技术中，采用依靠人眼观察并与标准图谱比对的方式，对连铸坯偏析进行评级，评级结果完全依赖评判人的主观性，准确性低。In the prior art, the segregation of continuous casting slabs is rated by relying on human eye observation and comparison with standard atlases. The rating results are completely dependent on the subjectivity of the judges, and the accuracy is low.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种连铸坯偏析程度定量化表征方法，以解决现有技术所存在的依靠人眼观察和人为判断的分级评价结果具有准确性低的问题。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a quantitative characterization method of segregation degree of continuous casting slab, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the grading evaluation results relying on human eye observation and human judgment have low accuracy.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提供一种连铸坯偏析程度定量化表征方法，包括：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a quantitative characterization method for the degree of segregation of continuous casting slabs, including:
获取待分析连铸坯的厚度截面的照片；Obtain photographs of the thickness section of the slab to be analyzed;
对获取的所述照片进行二值化处理，得到包括偏析点和基体的图像；performing binarization processing on the obtained photo to obtain an image including segregation points and matrix;
将所述待分析连铸坯的厚度方向定为指定向坐标，根据得到的包括偏析点和基体的图像，统计所述指定向标上坐标值对应的偏析点占厚度截面照片的总像素点的比例，作为所述指定向坐标上的厚度值对应的偏析比例；Determining the thickness direction of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed as the designated direction coordinates, and counting the segregation points corresponding to the coordinate values on the designated direction mark to account for the total pixels of the thickness section photos according to the obtained images including segregation points and matrix Ratio, as the segregation ratio corresponding to the thickness value on the specified direction coordinate;
根据得到的偏析比例，提取特征量以评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析的严重程度。According to the obtained segregation ratio, feature quantities are extracted to judge the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed.
进一步地，所述获取待分析连铸坯的厚度截面的照片包括：Further, said obtaining the photos of the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed includes:
对长度不小于100mm的待分析连铸坯的厚度截面进行拍照，获取所述待分析连铸坯的厚度截面的照片。Taking photos of the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed whose length is not less than 100mm, and obtaining the photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed.
进一步地，所述对获取的所述照片进行二值化处理，得到包括偏析点和基体的图像包括：Further, performing binarization processing on the acquired photos to obtain an image including segregation points and matrix includes:
按照预设的二值化阈值对获取的所述照片进行二值化处理，得到包括偏析点和基体的图像。Binarize the acquired photo according to a preset binarization threshold to obtain an image including segregation points and matrix.
进一步地，所述指定向坐标为横坐标；Further, the designated directional coordinate is an abscissa;
所述将所述待分析连铸坯的厚度方向定为指定向坐标，根据得到的包括偏析点和基体的图像，统计所述指定向标上坐标值对应的偏析点占厚度截面照片的总像素点的比例，作为所述指定向坐标上的厚度值对应的偏析比例包括：The thickness direction of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is defined as the designated direction coordinate, and according to the obtained image including the segregation point and the matrix, the segregation point corresponding to the coordinate value on the designated direction mark accounts for the total pixels of the thickness section photo The ratio of points, as the segregation ratio corresponding to the thickness value on the specified orientation coordinates includes:
将所述待分析连铸坯的厚度方向定为横坐标；The thickness direction of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is defined as the abscissa;
针对横坐标上指定的坐标值范围，统计所述指定的坐标值范围内，每个坐标值对应的偏析点占厚度截面照片的总像素点的比例，作为所述指定的坐标值范围内各厚度值对应的偏析比例。For the specified range of coordinate values on the abscissa, count the ratio of the segregation point corresponding to each coordinate value to the total pixel points of the thickness section photo within the specified range of coordinate values, as the thickness of each thickness within the specified range of coordinate values The value corresponds to the segregation ratio.
进一步地，所述方法还包括：Further, the method also includes:
确定所述指定的坐标值范围内各厚度值对应的偏析比例时，可加入断点数作为辅助参量。When determining the segregation ratio corresponding to each thickness value within the specified coordinate value range, the number of breakpoints can be added as an auxiliary parameter.
进一步地，所述根据得到的偏析比例，提取特征量以评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析的严重程度包括：Further, according to the obtained segregation ratio, extracting feature quantities to judge the severity of segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed includes:
将得到的偏析比例作为纵坐标的变量值，得到相应的曲线；The obtained segregation ratio is used as the variable value of the ordinate to obtain the corresponding curve;
基于得到的曲线，提取用于评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析严重程度的特征量；Based on the obtained curve, extracting a feature quantity for judging the severity of segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed;
根据提取的特征量，评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析的严重程度。According to the extracted feature quantity, the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is judged.
进一步地，所述特征量包括：所述曲线的最大峰值、全宽、全宽内峰值数、半高宽度、全宽外峰值数中的一种或多种。Further, the feature quantity includes: one or more of the maximum peak value of the curve, the full width, the number of peaks within the full width, the width at half maximum, and the number of peaks outside the full width.
本发明的上述技术方案的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of above-mentioned technical scheme of the present invention are as follows:
上述方案中，获取待分析连铸坯的厚度截面的照片；对获取的所述照片进行二值化处理，得到包括偏析点和基体的图像；将所述待分析连铸坯的厚度方向定为指定向坐标，根据得到的包括偏析点和基体的图像，统计所述指定向标上坐标值对应的偏析点占厚度截面照片的总像素点的比例，作为所述指定向坐标上的厚度值对应的偏析比例；根据得到的偏析比例，提取特征量以评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析的严重程度。这样，根据得到的偏析比例，提取特征量以评判连铸坯偏析的严重程度，能够将传统的依靠人眼观察和人为判断的分级评价变成精确的定量化统计，且能够反映出连铸坯偏析连续性和厚度分布范围。In the above scheme, the photos of the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed are obtained; the obtained photos are binarized to obtain images including segregation points and matrix; the thickness direction of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is defined as Specifying the coordinates, according to the obtained image including the segregation point and the matrix, counting the ratio of the segregation point corresponding to the coordinate value on the specified direction to the total pixel points of the thickness section photo, as the corresponding thickness value on the specified direction coordinate The segregation ratio; according to the obtained segregation ratio, feature quantities are extracted to judge the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed. In this way, according to the segregation ratio obtained, the feature quantity is extracted to judge the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting slab, which can turn the traditional grading evaluation relying on human observation and human judgment into accurate quantitative statistics, and can reflect the continuous casting slab Segregation continuity and thickness distribution range.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例提供的连铸坯偏析程度定量化表征方法的流程示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the quantitative characterization method for the segregation degree of the continuous casting slab provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的Mannesmann评级图谱中的图像示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of images in the Mannesmann rating atlas provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的Mannesmann评级图谱二值化处理后的图像示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of an image after binarization of the Mannesmann rating map provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的根据偏析比例绘制的曲线示意图一；Fig. 4 is the first schematic diagram of the curve drawn according to the segregation ratio provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的检测面照片示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a photo of the detection surface provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例提供的偏析部位局部照片二值化处理结果示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the binarization processing results of local photos of segregation parts provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例提供的根据偏析比例绘制的曲线示意图二。Fig. 7 is a second schematic diagram of the curve drawn according to the segregation ratio provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will describe in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明针对现有的依靠人眼观察和人为判断的分级评价结果具有准确性低的问题，提供一种连铸坯偏析程度定量化表征方法。Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of the existing grading evaluation results relying on human eye observation and human judgment, the invention provides a quantitative characterization method for the segregation degree of continuous casting slabs.
实施例一Embodiment one
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的连铸坯偏析程度定量化表征方法，包括：As shown in Figure 1, the quantitative characterization method for the degree of segregation of the continuous casting slab provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
S101，获取待分析连铸坯的厚度截面的照片；S101, obtaining a photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed;
S102，对获取的所述照片进行二值化处理，得到包括偏析点和基体的图像；S102. Perform binarization processing on the obtained photo to obtain an image including segregation points and matrix;
S103，将所述待分析连铸坯的厚度方向定为指定向坐标，根据得到的包括偏析点和基体的图像，统计所述指定向标上坐标值对应的偏析点占厚度截面照片的总像素点的比例，作为所述指定向坐标上的厚度值对应的偏析比例；S103, set the thickness direction of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed as the specified direction coordinates, and count the total pixels of the segregation points corresponding to the specified direction marked coordinate values in the thickness section photos according to the obtained image including segregation points and matrix The ratio of points, as the segregation ratio corresponding to the thickness value on the specified direction coordinate;
S104，根据得到的偏析比例，提取特征量以评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析的严重程度。S104, extracting feature quantities according to the obtained segregation ratio to judge the severity of segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed.
本发明实施例所述的连铸坯偏析程度定量化表征方法，获取待分析连铸坯的厚度截面的照片；对获取的所述照片进行二值化处理，得到包括偏析点和基体的图像；将所述待分析连铸坯的厚度方向定为指定向坐标，根据得到的包括偏析点和基体的图像，统计所述指定向标上坐标值对应的偏析点占厚度截面照片的总像素点的比例，作为所述指定向坐标上的厚度值对应的偏析比例；根据得到的偏析比例，提取特征量以评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析的严重程度。这样，根据得到的偏析比例，提取特征量以评判连铸坯偏析的严重程度，能够将传统的依靠人眼观察和人为判断的分级评价变成精确的定量化统计，且能够反映出连铸坯偏析连续性和厚度分布范围。The quantitative characterization method for the segregation degree of the continuous casting slab described in the embodiment of the present invention obtains a photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed; performs binarization processing on the obtained photo to obtain an image including segregation points and a matrix; Determining the thickness direction of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed as the designated direction coordinates, and counting the segregation points corresponding to the coordinate values on the designated direction mark to account for the total pixels of the thickness section photos according to the obtained images including segregation points and matrix Ratio, as the segregation ratio corresponding to the thickness value on the specified direction coordinate; according to the obtained segregation ratio, extract the feature quantity to judge the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed. In this way, according to the segregation ratio obtained, the feature quantity is extracted to judge the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting slab, which can turn the traditional grading evaluation relying on human observation and human judgment into accurate quantitative statistics, and can reflect the continuous casting slab Segregation continuity and thickness distribution range.
本实施例中，在获取待分析连铸坯的厚度截面的照片之前，需对所述待分析连铸坯进行打磨并用热酸浸蚀，随后对长度不小于100mm的待分析连铸坯的厚度截面(检测面)进行拍照。In this embodiment, before obtaining the photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed, the continuous casting slab to be analyzed needs to be polished and etched with hot acid, and then the thickness of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed with a length of not less than 100 mm Take pictures of the cross-section (detection surface).
本实施例中，作为一可选实施例，所述对获取的所述照片进行二值化处理，得到包括偏析点和基体的图像包括：In this embodiment, as an optional embodiment, performing binarization processing on the acquired photo to obtain an image including segregation points and matrix includes:
按照预设的二值化阈值对获取的所述照片进行二值化处理，得到包括偏析点和基体的图像。Binarize the acquired photo according to a preset binarization threshold to obtain an image including segregation points and matrix.
本实施例中，获取所述待分析连铸坯的厚度截面的照片后，可以利用计算机图像处理的方法显示所述待分析连铸坯的偏析区，具体方法为：In this embodiment, after obtaining the photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed, computer image processing can be used to display the segregation area of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed. The specific method is:
对获取的照片进行图像增强、降噪处理；接着，选取合理的划分临界值作为二值化阈值，按照所述二值化阈值将获取的所述照片进行二值化处理。Perform image enhancement and noise reduction processing on the acquired photos; then, select a reasonable division threshold as the binarization threshold, and perform binarization processing on the acquired photos according to the binarization threshold.
在前述连铸坯偏析程度定量化表征方法的具体实施方式中，进一步地，所述指定向坐标为横坐标；In the specific implementation method of the quantitative characterization method of the segregation degree of the continuous casting slab, further, the specified orientation coordinate is the abscissa;
所述将所述待分析连铸坯的厚度方向定为指定向坐标，根据得到的包括偏析点和基体的图像，统计所述指定向标上坐标值对应的偏析点占厚度截面照片的总像素点的比例，作为所述指定向坐标上的厚度值对应的偏析比例包括：The thickness direction of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is defined as the designated direction coordinate, and according to the obtained image including the segregation point and the matrix, the segregation point corresponding to the coordinate value on the designated direction mark accounts for the total pixels of the thickness section photo The ratio of points, as the segregation ratio corresponding to the thickness value on the specified orientation coordinates includes:
将所述待分析连铸坯的厚度方向定为横坐标；The thickness direction of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is defined as the abscissa;
针对横坐标上指定的坐标值范围，统计所述指定的坐标值范围内，每个坐标值对应的偏析点占厚度截面照片的总像素点的比例，作为所述指定的坐标值范围内各厚度值对应的偏析比例。For the specified range of coordinate values on the abscissa, count the ratio of the segregation point corresponding to each coordinate value to the total pixel points of the thickness section photo within the specified range of coordinate values, as the thickness of each thickness within the specified range of coordinate values The value corresponds to the segregation ratio.
本实施例中，将所述待分析连铸坯的厚度方向定为横坐标X，针对横坐标上X指定的坐标值范围，统计所述指定的坐标值范围内，每个坐标值对应的偏析点占厚度截面照片的总像素点的比例，作为所述指定的坐标值范围内各厚度值对应的偏析比例。In this embodiment, the thickness direction of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is defined as the abscissa X, and for the coordinate value range specified by X on the abscissa, the segregation corresponding to each coordinate value within the specified coordinate value range is counted. The ratio of points to the total pixels of the thickness section photo is taken as the segregation ratio corresponding to each thickness value within the specified coordinate value range.
在前述连铸坯偏析程度定量化表征方法的具体实施方式中，进一步地，所述方法还包括：In the specific implementation of the aforementioned continuous casting slab segregation quantitative characterization method, further, the method also includes:
确定所述指定的坐标值范围内各厚度值对应的偏析比例时，可加入断点数作为辅助参量。When determining the segregation ratio corresponding to each thickness value within the specified coordinate value range, the number of breakpoints can be added as an auxiliary parameter.
在前述连铸坯偏析程度定量化表征方法的具体实施方式中，进一步地，所述根据得到的偏析比例，提取特征量以评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析的严重程度包括：In the specific implementation of the quantitative characterization method for the segregation degree of the continuous casting slab, further, the extraction of feature quantities based on the obtained segregation ratio to judge the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed includes:
将得到的偏析比例作为纵坐标的变量值，得到相应的曲线；The obtained segregation ratio is used as the variable value of the ordinate to obtain the corresponding curve;
基于得到的曲线，提取用于评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析严重程度的特征量；Based on the obtained curve, extracting a feature quantity for judging the severity of segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed;
根据提取的特征量，评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析的严重程度。According to the extracted feature quantity, the severity of the segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is judged.
本实施例中，将得到的偏析比例作为纵坐标Y的变量值，得到相应的曲线；基于得到的曲线，提取用于评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析严重程度的特征量，所述特征量包括：所述曲线的最大峰值、全宽、全宽内峰值数、半高宽度、全宽外峰值数中的一种或多种；根据提取的特征量，评判所述待分析连铸坯偏析的严重程度。In this embodiment, the obtained segregation ratio is used as the variable value of the ordinate Y to obtain the corresponding curve; based on the obtained curve, the feature quantity used to judge the segregation severity of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is extracted, and the feature quantity Including: one or more of the maximum peak value, full width, number of inner peaks of the full width, width at half maximum, and number of outer peaks of the full width of the curve; according to the extracted feature quantity, judge the segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed severity.
本实施例中，对待分析连铸坯的厚度截面(检测面)进行打磨，并采用热酸浸蚀的方法对待分析连铸坯厚度截面进行腐蚀；对长度不少于100mm的待分析连铸坯的厚度截面进行拍照；将所拍摄的照片进行二值化处理，以区分出偏析部分和周围基体；将所述待分析连铸坯的厚度方向指定为横坐标，偏析比例为纵坐标画出一条曲线，进而提取曲线的最大峰值、全宽、全宽内峰值数、半高宽度、全宽外峰值数中的一种或多种作为评判待分析连铸坯偏析严重程度的特征量。In this embodiment, the thickness section (detection surface) of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is polished, and the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is corroded by hot acid etching; the length of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is not less than 100 mm Take pictures of the thickness section of the slab; carry out binarization processing on the photographs taken to distinguish the segregation part and the surrounding matrix; specify the thickness direction of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed as the abscissa, and draw a line as the segregation ratio as the ordinate The curve, and then extract one or more of the maximum peak value, full width, number of peaks in the full width, width at half maximum, and number of outer peaks in the full width of the curve as the characteristic quantity for judging the severity of segregation of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed.
实施例二Embodiment two
自1997年8月4日发布YB/T 4003—1997《连铸钢板坯低倍组织缺陷评级图》的标准以来，国内冶金行业都参照此标准对连铸坯中心偏析进行评级。Since the release of the standard YB/T 4003-1997 "Continuous Casting Steel Slab Low-magnification Structural Defect Grading Chart" on August 4, 1997, the domestic metallurgical industry has referred to this standard to rate the central segregation of continuous casting slabs.
但是该评级图谱中图片质量较差，无法进行特征量提取，所以采用了在国际同行中较为认可的曼内斯曼评级图谱作为研究对象，曼内斯曼(Mannesmann)评级图谱中关于连铸坯偏析评级分为5个级别，级别越高代表质量越差。图2是从曼内斯曼评级图谱中提取出来的图片，图3是图2经过图片增强、降噪、二值化处理后的效果，图4为统计偏析比例后绘制的曲线，表1中的数据为从图4中获得的特征量。图4中，没有class 1是因为该级别偏析程度较轻，获取的照片中几乎提取不出特征量，故实例中没有。However, the quality of the pictures in the rating map is poor, and the feature quantity cannot be extracted. Therefore, the Mannesmann rating map, which is more recognized in the international industry, is used as the research object. In the Mannesmann rating map, the continuous casting slab The segregation rating is divided into 5 levels, and the higher the level, the worse the quality. Figure 2 is the picture extracted from the Mannesmann rating map, Figure 3 is the effect of Figure 2 after image enhancement, noise reduction, and binarization processing, Figure 4 is the curve drawn after statistical segregation ratio, in Table 1 The data of is the feature quantity obtained from Fig. 4. In Figure 4, there is no class 1 because the segregation degree of this level is relatively light, and the feature quantity can hardly be extracted from the obtained photos, so there is no class 1 in the example.
表1曲线的特征量Table 1 The characteristic quantity of the curve
实施例三Embodiment three
A)、打磨A), grinding
待分析连铸坯加工时，必须去除由切割造成的变形和热影响区，确保检验面不受其影响，其中，检验面距切割面的尺寸为：不小于15mm。具体的：When processing the continuous casting slab to be analyzed, the deformation and heat-affected zone caused by cutting must be removed to ensure that the inspection surface is not affected by it. The distance between the inspection surface and the cutting surface is not less than 15mm. specific:
首先使用刨床或铣床把检验面刨(或铣)平；然后，用磨床磨光，使得检验面的粗糙度为：Ra≤1.6μm。First use a planer or milling machine to plan (or mill) the inspection surface; then, use a grinder to polish it so that the roughness of the inspection surface is: Ra≤1.6μm.
B)、热酸浸蚀:B), hot acid etching:
酸蚀液成分：盐酸水溶液1:1(容积比)Acid etching solution composition: hydrochloric acid aqueous solution 1:1 (volume ratio)
酸液温度：80℃保温Acid solution temperature: 80°C heat preservation
酸蚀时间：30minAcid etching time: 30min
待分析连铸坯腐蚀时，检验面不应与容器或其他连铸坯接触，检验面上的腐蚀产物可以选用容积比为5％的碳酸钠水溶液刷除，然后用无水乙醇洗净，再用高压风吹干。When the corrosion of the continuous casting slab is to be analyzed, the inspection surface should not be in contact with the container or other continuous casting slabs. The corrosion products on the inspection surface can be removed by brushing with a 5% sodium carbonate aqueous solution by volume, and then cleaned with absolute ethanol. Blow dry with high pressure air.
C)、检测面拍照C), take pictures of the detection surface
光线采用自然光顺光，单反用三脚架固定，保持镜头中心与待分析连铸坯的检测面在同一个水平面上，对焦，并对长度不小于100mm的待分析连铸坯的厚度截面进行拍照，获取所述待分析连铸坯的厚度截面的照片，如图5所示。The light adopts natural light and smooth light, the SLR is fixed with a tripod, and the center of the lens is kept on the same level as the detection surface of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed, focus, and take pictures of the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed with a length of not less than 100mm, and obtain The photo of the thickness section of the continuous casting slab to be analyzed is shown in FIG. 5 .
D)、二值化处理及特征量提取：D), binarization processing and feature quantity extraction:
在MATLAB软件中通过自编算法,对获取的照片进行图像增强、降噪处理、二值化处理，得到图6所示的图像(图6对应的是图5中方框内的部分，为了准确的做图片处理及特征量提取，故选择以中心偏析线为中心线，宽6cm的区域)，图6中，黑色代表偏析区，白色代表基体；然后绘制偏析比例曲线，如图7所示，最终，基于图7得到表2所示的特征量。In MATLAB software, image enhancement, noise reduction processing, and binarization processing are performed on the acquired photos through self-compiled algorithms, and the image shown in Figure 6 is obtained (Figure 6 corresponds to the part in the box in Figure 5, in order to accurately Do image processing and feature extraction, so select the center segregation line as the center line, the area with a width of 6cm), in Figure 6, black represents the segregation area, and white represents the matrix; then draw the segregation ratio curve, as shown in Figure 7, finally , get the feature quantities shown in Table 2 based on Figure 7.
表2曲线的特征量Table 2 The characteristic quantity of the curve
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is a relationship between these entities or operations. There is no such actual relationship or order between them.
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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