CN107674277B - 耐辐照抗菌塑料的制备方法及其产品和应用 - Google Patents
耐辐照抗菌塑料的制备方法及其产品和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐辐照抗菌塑料的制备方法及其产品和应用，先利用双螺杆共混工艺将热塑性弹性体、聚己内酯、聚碳酸酯及功能助剂分散均匀然后粉碎，过150目筛，过筛产物再继续和超高分子量聚乙烯粉末投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒，接着用粒料进行注塑压板，所得板材即为耐辐照抗菌塑料。此方法得到的板材结构强度由聚碳酸酯和超高分子量聚乙烯来维持，热塑性弹性体提供了一定的接触弹性，聚己内酯因为形状记忆效应可以保证塑料板材的形状回复特性，因为医用需求而进行了耐辐照增强和抗菌处理，最终得到了理想的医用替代材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料技术领域，具体涉及一种耐辐照抗菌塑料的制备方法及其产品和应用。
背景技术
外固定矫形或整形是临床骨科与矫形外科的常用方法，外固定材料是常用的消耗性医用卫生材料。已有100多年历史的石膏绷带是目前临床最常用的外固定材料之一。其主要优点是对皮肤无毒副作用，强度较高，操作时水温低。然而，石膏绷带存在着许多缺陷，如:透X-射线性比较差，打上石膏后，骨伤部位不易用X-光检查，因而不便于及时做跟踪治疗；透气性差，容易造成皮肤发痒或固定部位溃烂；质量重，使用后伤员行动不便；打石膏时操作复杂，给医护人员带来许多不便。二十世纪八十年代以来，国际上一直致力于新材料的寻求，以逐步替代传统的石膏绷带。我国的医学工作者们也认为采用聚合物树脂绷带替代普通石膏绷带固定能有效地减少躯干石膏综合症的发生率，如低温热塑性聚合物树脂。低温热塑性聚合物树脂材料的特征是:所用树脂均为低温热塑性，热变形温度多在50~70℃，使用时只需先在热水或烘箱中加热使其变软，取出后直接贴附在用纱布包好的被固定部位，稍冷却即固化成型；它可以使用人体任何部位的形状，如果需要，只要用吹风机吹热几分钟就可以随时调整，并且去除也很方便。
低温热塑性医用树脂材料一般包括低温热致形状记忆高分子组分、结构支撑组分和功能填料组分。聚己内酯PCL是一种半结晶型聚合物，其熔点为59℃~64℃，玻璃化温度为-60℃，其结构重复单元上有5个非极性亚甲基-CH2-和一个极性酯基-COO-，这样的结构使得PCL具有很好的柔韧性和加工性，这种结构特点，一方面使其具有了形状记忆性，具有初始形状的制品，经形变固定后，通过加热等外部条件刺激手段的处理，又可使其恢复初始形状的现象。聚碳酸酯PC是一种广泛应用于日常生活的塑料类型，可以提供足够的结构强度。聚烯烃类热塑性弹性体则是主要由乙丙橡胶(EPR)与聚烯烃树脂(主要是聚丙烯)经共混而得到的热塑性聚烯烃橡胶，其交联形式可能是由以聚丙烯组分为基础的结晶区所提供。聚烯烃类热塑性弹性体，具有良好的综合机械性能、耐老化性，较宽的实用温度范围（-50~150摄氏度），和聚己内酯的功能性温度区间重合，可以提供与人体的接触弹性，提高舒适度。因为高分子材料本身便于高能射线的透过，但是因为低温热塑性树脂可以反复变形使用，使用寿命较长，因考虑到医用高能射线对高分子的电离降解作用，需要进行适当的耐辐射防护增强。长期跟人体的紧密贴附使用，自然也要考虑细菌菌落的问题，所以基本的抗菌率也要实现。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足，本发明目的在于提供一种耐辐照抗菌塑料的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于：提供上述方法制得的耐辐照抗菌塑料产品。
本发明的又一目的在于：提供上述耐辐照抗菌塑料产品的应用。
本发明目的通过下述方案实现：一种耐辐照抗菌塑料的制备方法，其特征在于该方法的具体步骤为：
(1)树脂A的制备:按质量比配取以下物料:
热塑性弹性体TPE 100份
聚己内酯PCL 10~100份
聚碳酸酯PC 10~100份
耐辐照剂 1~5份
抗菌剂 0.5~5份
抗氧剂 0.5~3份；
将以上物料预先烘干后全部投入高速搅拌机里面分散均匀，之后经过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，双螺杆L/D=52，主加工区温度120℃~260℃，螺杆转速200rpm~300rpm，对粒子进行低温粉碎后过150目筛，过筛产物即为树脂A；
(2)耐辐照抗菌塑料的制备:按质量比配取树脂粉A100份，超高分子量聚乙烯UHMW-PE粉10~50份，将两种物料预先烘干后投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒，其中，双螺杆L/D=52，主加工区温度120℃~260℃，螺杆转速200rpm~300rpm；用粒料进行注塑压板，板材模具厚度1~8mm，所得板材即为耐辐照抗菌塑料。
本发明树脂基材复合了热塑性弹性体、聚己内酯、聚碳酸酯和超高分子量聚乙烯，之后共混加入功能填料耐辐照剂和抗菌剂，最后造粒注塑成板。
在上述方案基础上，所用的热塑性弹性体TPE为聚烯烃类高模量TPE。
在上述方案基础上，所用的聚己内酯PCL分子量在50000~80000，熔点≥60℃。
在上述方案基础上，所用的聚碳酸酯PC的熔点≤240℃。
在上述方案基础上，所用的耐辐照剂为氧化铅、五硫化二锑、硫酸钡中的一种或几种。
在上述方案基础上，所用的抗菌剂为载银磷酸锆、载银玻璃、氧化锌和铜粉中的一种或几种。
在上述方案基础上，所用的抗氧剂为巴斯夫的1010和168抗氧剂牌号。
在上述方案基础上，所用的超高分子量聚乙烯UHMW-PE粉的是指分子量150万以上的无支链的线性聚乙烯。
本发明还提供了一种上述耐辐照抗菌塑料，根据上述任一所述方法制备得到，所得耐辐照抗菌塑料注塑成板之后，温度在60℃以上时会慢慢软化可以直接用手塑型，温度低于50℃时塑形结构保持稳定，受到外力不会任意形变，两种形态根据温度变化可逆，板材具有良好的耐辐射性能，对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌率≥99%。
一种耐辐照抗菌塑料作为伤患固定材料的应用。
本发明方法得到的板材结构强度由聚碳酸酯和超高分子量聚乙烯来维持，热塑性弹性体提供了一定的接触弹性，聚己内酯因为形状记忆效应可以保证塑料板材的形状回复特性，因为医用需求而进行了耐辐照增强和抗菌处理，最终得到了理想的医用替代材料。
具体实施方式
本发明通过下面的具体实例进行详细描述，但本发明的保护范围不受限于这些实施例。
实施例1:
配取热塑性弹性体1000g，聚己内酯600g，聚碳酸酯200g，氧化铅10g，载银磷酸锆10g，抗氧剂1010和168各15g，将以上物料预先烘干后全部投入高速搅拌机里面分散均匀，之后经过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，180℃，螺杆转速250rpm，对粒子进行低温粉碎后过150目筛，过筛产物取1000g，超高分子量聚乙烯粉取400g，将两种物料预先烘干后投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒，200℃，螺杆转速250rpm。用粒料进行注塑压板，板材模具厚度2mm，所得板材即为耐辐照抗菌塑料。
实施例2：
配取热塑性弹性体1000g，聚己内酯150g，聚碳酸酯500g，五硫化二锑40g，氧化锌6g，抗氧剂1010和168各10g，将以上物料预先烘干后全部投入高速搅拌机里面分散均匀，之后经过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，240℃，螺杆转速220rpm，对粒子进行低温粉碎后过150目筛，过筛产物取1000g，超高分子量聚乙烯粉取120g，将两种物料预先烘干后投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒，240℃，螺杆转速220rpm。用粒料进行注塑压板，板材模具厚度4mm，所得板材即为耐辐照抗菌塑料。
实施例3：
配取热塑性弹性体1000g，聚己内酯800g，聚碳酸酯700g，硫酸钡20g，载银玻璃20g，抗氧剂1010和168各5g，将以上物料预先烘干后全部投入高速搅拌机里面分散均匀，之后经过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，250℃，螺杆转速200rpm，对粒子进行低温粉碎后过150目筛，过筛产物取1000g，超高分子量聚乙烯粉取200g，将两种物料预先烘干后投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒，250℃，螺杆转速200rpm。用粒料进行注塑压板，板材模具厚度6mm，所得板材即为耐辐照抗菌塑料。
Claims (3)
1.一种耐辐照抗菌塑料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括下述步骤：
(1)树脂A的制备:按质量比配取以下物料:
热塑性弹性体TPE 100份
聚己内酯PCL 10~100份
聚碳酸酯PC 10~100份
耐辐照剂 1~5份
抗菌剂 0.5~5份
抗氧剂 0.5~3份；
将以上物料预先烘干后全部投入高速搅拌机里面分散均匀，之后经过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，双螺杆L/D=52，主加工区温度120℃~260℃，螺杆转速200rpm~300rpm，对粒子进行低温粉碎后过150目筛，过筛产物即为树脂A粉料；
(2)耐辐照抗菌塑料的制备:按质量比配取树脂A粉料100份，超高分子量聚乙烯UHMW-PE粉10~50份，将两种物料预先烘干后投入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒，其中，双螺杆L/D=52，主加工区温度120℃~260℃，螺杆转速200rpm~300rpm；用粒料进行注塑压板，板材模具厚度1~8mm，所得板材即为耐辐照抗菌塑料；其中，
所用的热塑性弹性体TPE为聚烯烃类高模量TPE；
所述聚己内酯PCL分子量在50000~80000，熔点≥60℃；
所述的聚碳酸酯PC的熔点≤240℃；
所述的耐辐照剂为氧化铅、五硫化二锑、硫酸钡中的一种或几种；
所述的抗菌剂为载银磷酸锆、载银玻璃、氧化锌和铜粉中的一种或几种；
所述的抗氧剂为巴斯夫的1010和168抗氧剂牌号；
所述的超高分子量聚乙烯UHMW-PE粉的是指分子量150万以上的无支链的线性聚乙烯。
2.一种耐辐照抗菌塑料，其特征在于根据权利要求1所述方法制备得到，所得耐辐照抗菌塑料注塑成板之后，温度在60℃以上时会慢慢软化可以直接用手塑性，温度低于50℃时塑性结构保持稳定，受到外力不会任意形变，两种形态根据温度变化可逆，板材具有良好的耐辐射性能，对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌率≥99%。
3.根据权利要求2所述耐辐照抗菌塑料作为伤患固定材料的应用。
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