CN107664601B - Variable loading amplitude-frequency coupled vibration tensile test device and control method thereof - Google Patents
Variable loading amplitude-frequency coupled vibration tensile test device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a variable loading amplitude-frequency coupled vibration tensile test device and a control method thereof. The tensile characteristic experiment of coupled vibration noise is realized through the coordination control of the main loading device and the variable amplitude frequency vibration loading device; through the active control of the gear ring and the planet gears of the planetary gear mechanism, vibration noise and additional load displacement are coupled to a main loading mode by utilizing the variable transmission ratio characteristic of the planetary gear mechanism, the tensile loading characteristic of variable displacement and frequency is realized, and the tensile characteristic experiment under the complex vibration working condition can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tensile test device for testing mechanical properties of materials, in particular to a variable loading amplitude-frequency coupled vibration tensile test device and a control method thereof.
Background
The tensile testing machine is widely applied to mechanical property tests of materials, including uniaxial tension, multiaxial tension and fatigue tests, and the loading mode is mostly linear loading or periodic reciprocating loading.
Different from the loading environment under the ideal test condition, different vibration noise often exists in the actual working condition, and the tiny high-frequency vibration can influence the initiation and the expansion of microscopic defects of the material, thereby influencing the actual service performance of the material. Different from the fatigue test loading characteristic of periodicity regularity, vibration noise in actual working conditions contains characteristic signals of various frequencies, and has aperiodic random characteristics, and the actual service performance of the material is affected under the reciprocating interaction of the characteristic signals.
However, the current tensile testing machine cannot meet the mechanical experiment requirement under the special vibration working condition, such as CN 102252909B, and discloses a tensile testing device, which can complete biaxial tensile test by using a four-axis horizontal tensile testing machine with an oil cylinder, a clamping support assembly and a linear guide rail, and has the defects that a hydraulic oil cylinder with high thrust cannot realize movement loading of hundreds to kilohertz and fatigue loading. Chinese patent publication No. CN 104568591A discloses a biaxial stretching testing device, which is provided with servo cylinders at the ends of four arms of a horizontal positive cross loading slide rail, and can be applied to a uniaxial stretching testing machine and a biaxial stretching testing machine to realize multiple testing functions, but can not realize loading simulation of high-frequency vibration, and can only realize low-cycle round-trip stretching test. Chinese patent publication No. CN 106769565A discloses a fatigue testing machine, which is characterized in that an overhead linear motor is adopted for direct driving to load a fatigue test; meanwhile, chinese patent publication No. CN 106813975A, named "motor-down-set fatigue testing machine", also discloses a fatigue testing machine, which is characterized in that a down-set linear motor is adopted for direct driving to load fatigue test; the two disadvantages are that the high-frequency motion of several kilohertz cannot be realized due to the influence of the rotational inertia of the motor, and the higher the power, the lower the frequency. The Chinese patent publication No. CN 106053272A, named as a broadband fatigue testing machine, discloses a broadband fatigue testing machine, which is characterized in that a lower-arranged alternating motion driving source is adopted as a loading device of the fatigue testing machine, so that the fatigue test with large driving force, large displacement and wide frequency band can be realized, and the defect that the requirement of a large-displacement tensile test for coupling micro-amplitude vibration cannot be realized by means of a single electromagnetic driving device is overcome. Chinese patent publication No. CN 106813981A, entitled "a tensile fatigue testing machine", discloses a tensile fatigue testing machine, and is characterized in that the machine is driven by a underneath type electric vibration exciter, so as to realize the fatigue test of a micro test piece, and the machine is not only suitable for a single loading test of the micro test piece, but also can not realize a large displacement tensile test.
Obviously, the existing tensile test devices cannot realize the test of the material characteristics in the environment of multi-frequency vibration noise, so that an experimental device capable of simulating the material characteristics in the environment of multi-frequency vibration noise is needed to study the service performance of the material under the complex working condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a variable loading amplitude-frequency coupled vibration tensile test device capable of simulating a multi-frequency vibration noise environment so as to realize a material characteristic tensile test under a complex vibration working condition. Meanwhile, the invention further aims to provide an operation method of the coupled vibration tensile test device with variable loading amplitude frequency so as to simulate the material characteristics in a multi-frequency vibration noise environment and study the material service performance under complex working conditions.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
the utility model provides a variable load amplitude-frequency coupling vibration tensile test device, includes frame fuselage, rigid coupling in the main loading device of frame fuselage one end, rigid coupling in the amplitude-frequency vibration loading device and the central controller of frame fuselage other end, specifically, the:
main loading device: the device comprises a main loading driving motor fixed relative to a frame body, a main loading cantilever driven by the main loading driving motor to reciprocate along a longitudinal straight line, a main loading chuck mechanism fixedly connected to the top end of the main loading cantilever, and a force and displacement sensor for detecting force and displacement signals in the main loading process;
amplitude-variable frequency vibration loading device: the device comprises a planetary gear mechanism, a vibration loading chuck mechanism, an electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism and an additional load driving mechanism; the planetary gear mechanism is fixedly arranged relative to the frame body and comprises a central wheel, a planetary wheel rotating shaft and a gear ring; the electromagnetic vibration loading chuck mechanism is connected with the central wheel through a central wheel motion conversion mechanism, and converts transverse linear reciprocating motion of an electromagnetic vibration driving head of the electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism into rotary motion of a gear ring through the gear ring motion conversion mechanism; the additional load driving mechanism converts the rotation of a motor of the additional load driving mechanism into planetary wheel rotation motion through the planetary wheel rotation shaft;
and the central controller: the central controller is connected with a main loading driving motor and a force and displacement sensor of the main loading device, and an electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism and an additional load driving mechanism of the variable amplitude frequency vibration loading device, so as to integrate feedback signals of the force and displacement sensor, the electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism and the additional load driving mechanism.
The variable loading amplitude-frequency coupling vibration tensile test device is characterized in that the planetary gear mechanism is arranged in a fixed manner relative to the frame body through a planetary gear mechanism base fixedly connected to the frame body, and specifically, the planetary gear rotating shaft is arranged on the planetary gear mechanism base.
The electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism comprises an electromagnetic vibration loading base fixedly connected to the frame body, an electromagnetic vibration loading shell arranged on the electromagnetic vibration loading base, an electromagnetic vibration loading coil arranged in the electromagnetic vibration loading shell, an electromagnetic vibration driving head driven by the electromagnetic vibration loading coil and an electromagnetic vibration driving head guiding structure.
The vibration loading chuck mechanism consists of a C-shaped vibration loading chuck arranged on the central wheel motion conversion mechanism and a vibration loading chuck horizontal adjustment mechanism arranged in the opening of the vibration loading chuck; one end of the test sample piece is clamped in the clamping opening of the horizontal adjusting mechanism of the main loading chuck, and the other end of the test sample piece is clamped in the clamping opening of the horizontal adjusting mechanism of the vibration loading chuck, so that the transverse position of the test sample piece is adjusted.
The control method of the coupled vibration tensile test device based on the variable loading amplitude frequency comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps that a main loading mode signal and a vibration loading mode signal are preset, and a central controller establishes a control strategy of a main loading device and a control strategy of a variable amplitude frequency vibration loading device according to the preset longitudinal main loading mode signal and the vibration loading mode signal;
(2) The main loading driving motor of the main loading device drives the main loading cantilever to longitudinally move so as to realize the active loading action of the stretching process of the test sample; simultaneously, an electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism and an additional load driving mechanism in the amplitude-varying frequency vibration loading device drive a planetary gear mechanism together, the rotary motion of a gear ring and the rotary motion of a planet wheel form amplitude-varying frequency motion of a central wheel, and then the amplitude-varying frequency motion of the central wheel is converted into amplitude-varying frequency vibration signals through a central wheel motion conversion mechanism and is loaded onto a test sample clamped on a vibration loading chuck mechanism, so that the coupling vibration noise loading action in the stretching process of the test sample is realized;
(3) In the coupling loading process, the central controller receives force and displacement feedback signals from the force and displacement sensors in the active loading process, and simultaneously receives feedback signals of the electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism and the additional load driving mechanism to carry out real-time tracking adjustment, so that accurate loading under the synergistic effect of an active loading mode and an amplitude variable frequency vibration loading mode in the active loading coupling vibration noise loading process is realized.
According to the invention, through the coordination control of the main loading driving motor and the amplitude-variable frequency vibration loading device for axially simulating the additional vibration in the actual working condition, the stretching characteristic experiment of vibration noise is realized; through the active control of the gear ring and the planet gears of the planetary gear mechanism, vibration noise and additional loading displacement are coupled to a main loading mode by utilizing the variable transmission ratio characteristic of the planetary gear mechanism, the tensile loading characteristic of variable displacement and frequency is realized, and the tensile characteristic experiment under the complex vibration working condition can be realized. The invention adopts real-time feedback control, and realizes real-time adjustment of force and displacement feedback signals and feedback signals of each driving unit in the stretching process by the central controller, so that the amplitude-variable frequency characteristic in the loading process of the experimental process is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the variable amplitude vibration loading device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a frame body, 2, a main loading platform, 3, a main loading driving motor, 4, a main loading cantilever, 5, a main loading chuck, 6, a force and displacement sensor, 7, a main loading chuck horizontal adjusting mechanism, 8, a test sample piece, 9, a vibration loading chuck mechanism, 10, a planetary gear mechanism, 11, an electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism, 12, an additional loading driving mechanism, 13, a planetary gear mechanism base, 14, a central controller, 15, a vibration loading chuck horizontal adjusting mechanism, 16, a vibration loading chuck, 17, a central wheel, 18, a planet wheel, 19, a gear ring, 20, a central wheel motion converting mechanism, 21, a planet wheel rotating shaft, 22, an electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism base, 23, an electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism shell, 24, an electromagnetic vibration loading coil, 25, an electromagnetic vibration driving head, 26, a gear ring motion converting mechanism, 27 and an electromagnetic vibration driving head guiding structure.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the variable loading amplitude-frequency coupled vibration tensile test device of the invention consists of a frame body 1, a main loading device, an amplitude-frequency vibration loading device and a central controller 14.
The frame body 1 mainly plays a role of structural support and comprises a bottom plate fixed on the ground and two supporting frames vertically arranged relative to the bottom plate.
The main loading device is arranged at the upper end of a supporting frame of the frame body 1 and consists of a main loading platform 2, a main loading driving motor 3, a main loading cantilever 4, a main loading chuck mechanism and a force and displacement sensor 6:
the two ends of the main loading platform 2 are respectively and fixedly arranged at the top ends of two supporting frames of the frame body 1; the main loading driving motor 3 is fixedly arranged on the main loading platform 2; the main loading cantilever 4 is also arranged on the main loading platform 2 and is driven by the main loading driving motor 3 to move up and down along the Z-axis direction; the main loading chuck mechanism is arranged at the lower end of the main loading cantilever 4, moves up and down along with the main loading cantilever 4, realizes Z-direction loading of the test sample 8, and consists of a C-shaped main loading chuck 5 and a main loading chuck horizontal adjusting mechanism 7 arranged in a opening of the main loading chuck 5, and a force and displacement sensor 6 is arranged on the main loading cantilever 4 and connected with a central controller 14 so as to detect force and displacement data in the main loading process and transmit the force and displacement data to the central controller 14.
The variable amplitude frequency vibration loading device (as shown in fig. 1 and 2) is composed of a vibration loading chuck mechanism 9, a planetary gear mechanism 10, an electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism 11, an additional load driving mechanism 12, a planetary gear mechanism base 13, a central wheel movement conversion mechanism 20 and a gear ring movement conversion mechanism 26:
the planetary gear mechanism 10 is mainly composed of a center wheel 17, a planetary wheel 18, a ring gear 19, and a planetary wheel rotation shaft 21. The planetary gear rotation shaft 21 is mounted on the planetary gear mechanism base 13 (the planetary gear mechanism base 13 is fixedly disposed on the bottom plate of the frame body 1) to realize the relative fixed arrangement of the planetary gear mechanism 10 with respect to the frame body 1, the motor of the additional load driving mechanism 12 is also mounted on the planetary gear mechanism base 13, and the motor realizes the rotation movement of the planetary gear 18 on the planetary gear mechanism base 13 by driving the planetary gear rotation shaft 21. The electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism 11 is composed of an electromagnetic vibration loading base 22 fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the frame body 1, an electromagnetic vibration loading housing 23 mounted on the electromagnetic vibration loading base 22, an electromagnetic vibration loading coil 24 provided in the electromagnetic vibration loading housing 23, an electromagnetic vibration driving head 25 driven by the electromagnetic vibration loading coil 24, and an electromagnetic vibration driving head guide structure 27. The electromagnetic vibration driving head 25 of the electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism 11 is connected to the ring gear 19 of the planetary gear mechanism 10 through a ring gear motion converting mechanism 26, and converts the linear reciprocating motion of the electromagnetic vibration driving head 25 into the rotational motion of the ring gear 19. The central wheel 17 of the planetary gear mechanism 10 is connected with the vibration loading chuck mechanism 9 through the central wheel motion conversion mechanism 20, the vibration loading chuck mechanism 9 is composed of a C-shaped vibration loading chuck 16 arranged on the central wheel motion conversion mechanism 20 and a vibration loading chuck horizontal adjustment mechanism 15 arranged in the opening of the vibration loading chuck 16, and the vibration loading chuck horizontal adjustment mechanism 15 can realize the position adjustment of the test sample 8 in the X direction. The electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism 11 and the additional load driving mechanism 12 drive the planetary gear mechanism 10 together, and load a vibration signal of variable amplitude frequency to the test piece 8 held on the vibration loading chuck mechanism 9 through the center wheel motion converting mechanism 20 connected to the planetary gear mechanism 10. By the combined action of the active loading of the main loading device and the variable amplitude frequency vibration loading of the variable amplitude frequency vibration loading device, the test sample 8 is loaded with one vibration noise on the basis of the original active loading mode, so that the material characteristic tensile test under the complex vibration working condition is realized.
Example 2
When the invention works, firstly, the central controller 14 prepares a control strategy of the main loading driving motor 3 of the main loading device and a control strategy of the electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism 11 and the additional loading driving mechanism 12 of the variable amplitude frequency vibration loading device according to a preset Z-direction main loading mode signal and a preset vibration loading mode signal. The main loading driving motor 3 drives the main loading cantilever 4 to move along the Z direction, so as to realize the active loading action of the stretching process of the test sample 8; simultaneously, an electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism 11 and an additional load driving mechanism 12 in the amplitude-varying frequency vibration loading device act together, an electromagnetic vibration loading coil 24 drives an electromagnetic vibration driving head 25 to reciprocate along the X direction, and a gear ring motion conversion device 26 connected with the electromagnetic vibration driving head 25 converts the X direction reciprocating motion of the electromagnetic vibration driving head 25 into the rotary motion of a gear ring 19 of the planetary gear mechanism 10; the reciprocating vibration of the electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism 11 and the additional loading mode of the additional loading driving mechanism 12 can be overlapped and converted into variable amplitude frequency motion of the central wheel 17 of the planetary gear mechanism 10 through the planetary gear mechanism 10, and the variable amplitude frequency vibration loading of the test sample 8 is coupled on the basis of the main loading mode through the central wheel motion conversion mechanism 20, so that the tensile characteristic loading experiment of coupled vibration noise is realized. In the experimental process, the central controller 14 receives force and displacement feedback signals from the force and displacement sensor 6 in the main loading process, feedback signals of the electromagnetic vibration loading device 11 and feedback signals of the additional load driving device 12, and performs real-time tracking adjustment to realize accurate loading of an active loading mode and a coupling vibration mode in the experimental process.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a variable load amplitude-frequency coupling vibration tensile test device which characterized in that includes frame fuselage, rigid coupling in the main loading device of frame fuselage one end, rigid coupling in the amplitude-frequency vibration loading device and the central controller of frame fuselage other end, specifically, the:
main loading device: the device comprises a main loading driving motor fixed relative to a frame body, a main loading cantilever driven by the main loading driving motor to reciprocate along a longitudinal straight line, a main loading chuck mechanism fixedly connected to the top end of the main loading cantilever, and a force and displacement sensor for detecting force and displacement signals in the main loading process;
amplitude-variable frequency vibration loading device: the device comprises a planetary gear mechanism, a vibration loading chuck mechanism, an electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism and an additional load driving mechanism; the planetary gear mechanism is fixedly arranged relative to the frame body and comprises a central wheel, a planetary wheel rotating shaft and a gear ring; the electromagnetic vibration loading chuck mechanism is connected with the central wheel through a central wheel motion conversion mechanism, and converts transverse linear reciprocating motion of an electromagnetic vibration driving head of the electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism into rotary motion of a gear ring through the gear ring motion conversion mechanism; the additional load driving mechanism converts the rotation of a motor of the additional load driving mechanism into planetary wheel rotation motion through the planetary wheel rotation shaft;
and the central controller: the central controller is connected with a main loading driving motor and a force and displacement sensor of the main loading device, and an electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism and an additional load driving mechanism of the variable amplitude frequency vibration loading device, so as to integrate feedback signals of the force and displacement sensor, the electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism and the additional load driving mechanism.
2. The variable loading amplitude-frequency coupled vibration tensile test device according to claim 1, wherein the planetary gear mechanism is relatively fixedly arranged with the frame body through a planetary gear mechanism base fixedly connected with the frame body, and specifically, the planetary gear rotating shaft is mounted on the planetary gear mechanism base.
3. The variable loading amplitude-frequency coupled vibration tensile test device according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism comprises an electromagnetic vibration loading base fixedly connected to the frame body, an electromagnetic vibration loading shell mounted on the electromagnetic vibration loading base, an electromagnetic vibration loading coil arranged in the electromagnetic vibration loading shell, an electromagnetic vibration driving head driven by the electromagnetic vibration loading coil and an electromagnetic vibration driving head guiding structure.
4. The coupled vibration tensile test device with variable loading amplitude frequency according to claim 1, wherein,
the main loading chuck mechanism consists of a C-shaped main loading chuck arranged at the top end of the main loading cantilever and a main loading chuck horizontal adjusting mechanism arranged in a main loading chuck opening, and the vibration loading chuck mechanism consists of a C-shaped vibration loading chuck arranged on the central wheel motion conversion mechanism and a vibration loading chuck horizontal adjusting mechanism arranged in a vibration loading chuck opening; one end of the test sample piece is clamped in the clamping opening of the horizontal adjusting mechanism of the main loading chuck, and the other end of the test sample piece is clamped in the clamping opening of the horizontal adjusting mechanism of the vibration loading chuck, so that the transverse position of the test sample piece is adjusted.
5. The control method of the coupled vibration tensile test device based on the variable loading amplitude frequency as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps that a main loading mode signal and a vibration loading mode signal are preset, and a central controller establishes a control strategy of a main loading device and a control strategy of a variable amplitude frequency vibration loading device according to the preset longitudinal main loading mode signal and the vibration loading mode signal;
(2) The main loading driving motor of the main loading device drives the main loading cantilever to move along the Z direction, so that the active loading action of the stretching process of the test sample is realized; simultaneously, an electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism and an additional load driving mechanism in the amplitude-varying frequency vibration loading device drive a planetary gear mechanism together, the rotary motion of a gear ring and the rotary motion of a planet wheel form amplitude-varying frequency motion of a central wheel, and then the amplitude-varying frequency motion of the central wheel is converted into amplitude-varying frequency vibration signals through a central wheel motion conversion mechanism and is loaded onto a test sample clamped on a vibration loading chuck mechanism, so that the coupling vibration noise loading action in the stretching process of the test sample is realized;
(3) In the coupling loading process, the central controller receives force and displacement feedback signals from the force and displacement sensors in the active loading process, and simultaneously receives feedback signals of the electromagnetic vibration loading mechanism and the additional load driving mechanism to carry out real-time tracking adjustment, so that accurate loading under the synergistic effect of an active loading mode and an amplitude variable frequency vibration loading mode in the active loading coupling vibration noise loading process is realized.
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| CN108627333A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-10-09 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Fatigue test electromagnetic exciting loading device |
| CN110907265A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-24 | 上汽通用汽车有限公司 | Testing device |
| CN110763554B (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-11-05 | 东莞理工学院 | Uniaxial tension measuring device |
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