The preparation method of nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material and its
Application in electrode of super capacitor
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of composite and preparation method thereof, purposes, specifically, there is provided a kind of nitrogen oxygen is co-doped with
The preparation method of miscellaneous porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material and its application in electrode of super capacitor, belong to inorganic work(
Can material and electrochemical energy technical field.
Background technology
In the present information age, people have higher requirement for energy storage device, and ultracapacitor is as a kind of
Energy storage device, there is relatively simple operation principle, high charge-discharge velocity (power density), good stability and make
With the life-span, so as to the object as people's extensive concern and research.
But compared with lithium battery, the energy density of ultracapacitor it is still relatively small (Science, 2008.321
(5889):Pp.651-652.), its energy density can pass through E=0.5CU2Calculate (C:Specific capacitance, unit F/g;U:Voltage, it is single
Position V), so when voltage is identical, its energy density can be improved by improving specific capacitance.Therefore, research has high than electricity
The material for holding characteristic seems extremely important as the electrode material of ultracapacitor, and the electrode material of ultracapacitor is to determine it
One of key factor of capacitive property quality, therefore, prepare and have high power density, high-energy-density, high capacitance capacity concurrently simultaneously
Electrode material with cyclical stability is the key solved the problems, such as.
Although carbon material with good electric conductivity and chemical stability, it is cheap, prepare it is simple and environment-friendly
Many advantages, such as, but its specific capacitance highest only has 200F/g, and its tap density is relatively low, causes its volumetric capacitance relatively low, because
And limit its extensive use.The specific capacitance of ruthenic oxide in transition metal oxide is very high, but ruthenium is expensive,
Limit its extensive use in commodity production.Although conducting polymer has, cheap, preparation is easy, the quasi- electricity of faraday
Hold the advantages that high, but its chemical stability is poor, and capacitance fade is very fast.It follows that different types of electrode material individually makes
Used time, the shortcomings of poorly conductive, cost are high, specific capacitance is low and cyclical stability is poor be present.The different characteristic system of bond material
The composite more excellent into chemical property is the direction of current research, and composite is shown more than single electrode material
The advantages of more, the advantage of different materials can be played, so as to improve the overall performance of ultracapacitor.
The content of the invention
First purpose of the present invention is to provide the nitrogen oxygen codope of a kind of good specific capacitance, electric conductivity and low cost
Porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation of nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material
Method.
Third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material super
Application process in electrode for capacitors.
To realize first goal of the invention of the present invention, its technical scheme is that step is as follows:
(1) cyclopentadienyl group iron 5-20mmol is weighed, is added in 50mL ptfe autoclave inner bag, adds
Hexachlorobutadiene and pyridine, the addition of hexachlorobutadiene is 1-30mL, and the mol ratio of the hexachlorobutadiene and pyridine is 1:
0.03-30, mixing;
(2) it is put into after sealing in stainless steel high temperature reactor, screws reaction kettle cover, be placed in baking oven in 180-220
DEG C, react 4-20 hours;
(3) room temperature is naturally cooled to, closes baking oven power supply, reactor is opened, the product in kettle is transferred completely into surface
In ware, then drying obtains semi-finished product;
(4) take semi-finished product to be placed in porcelain boat, be placed on the quartz ampoule center section of tube furnace, lead to argon gas 30min, emptying
Air in pipe;Then it is 10 DEG C/min to set temperature and reaction time heating schedule, heating rate, makes tubular type furnace temperature slow
300-500 DEG C is risen to, instrument cools automatically after maintaining 60-120min, closes gas after being cooled to room temperature, it is more to obtain nitrogen oxygen codope
Hole carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material.
Preferably, described tubular type furnace temperature rises to 300-500 DEG C, specially 300 DEG C, 400 DEG C, 500 DEG C;It is described
Cyclopentadienyl group iron (Fe (C5H5)2) dosage be 5-20mmol, specially 5mmol, 10mmol, 15mmol, 20mmol.
The mol ratio of the hexachlorobutadiene and pyridine is 1:0.03-30, such as 1:0.03、 1:0.05、1:0.1、1:
0.5、1:1、1:2、1:5、1:10、1:15、1:20、1:25 or 1:30.
The reaction temperature for example can be 180 DEG C, 200 DEG C or 220 DEG C, preferably 200 DEG C.
Reaction time is 2-20 hours, such as can be 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 16 or 20 hours.
Described tubular type furnace temperature rises to 600-800 DEG C, specially 600 DEG C, 700 DEG C, 800 DEG C.
Second goal of the invention of the present invention is realized, is prepared into the technical scheme is that providing above-mentioned preparation method
The nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material arrived.
Described nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material has excellent electric property, has good
Specific capacitance, electric conductivity, can be applied to capacitor area, especially ultracapacitor field, have a good application prospect.
The 3rd goal of the invention of the present invention is realized, the invention further relates to a kind of electrode of super capacitor, the super capacitor
The preparation method of device electrode is:By described nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material and acetylene black, poly- four
PVF presses 8:1:1 mass ratio is ground uniformly in mortar;Ethanol is added, mixture is tuned into pasty state, and by the pasty state of gained
Thing is coated to a diameter of 1.5cm circular shaped foam nickel surface, and with drying 10-15min under infrared lamp;Material after drying is pressed
Piece, pressure 5-6MPa, obtains super capacitor electrode.
As described above, the invention provides a kind of preparation side of nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material
Method and its application in electrode of super capacitor, described nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material have
Excellent electric property, it can be used for making super capacitor electrode, there are huge potentiality in electrochemical field.
Brief description of the drawings
The sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 of the gained of Fig. 1 embodiments 1 morphology characterization;
The sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 of the gained of Fig. 2 embodiments 1 energy dispersion X-ray spectrum test (EDX);
Fig. 3 embodiments 1, embodiment 5 and the gained of embodiment 6 sample 10-Fe-N-C-400,10-Fe-N-C-300 and
10-Fe-N-C-500 Raman and XRD spectrum analysis;
The sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 of the gained of Fig. 4 embodiments 1 XPS is characterized;
Various samples obtained by Fig. 5 embodiments 1-6 characterize chemical property by cyclic voltammetry;
The sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 of the gained of Fig. 6 embodiments 1 characterizes chemical property by constant current charge-discharge test.
Embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, is served only for that the present invention is further described, no
It is understood that for limiting the scope of the present invention, the technician in the field can be according to the content of foregoing invention to the present invention
Make some nonessential modifications and adaptations.
Instrument, medicine used in embodiments below is as follows
1.1 instruments such as table 1
1.2 medicines such as table 2
Embodiment 1
(1) cyclopentadienyl group iron (Fe (C are weighed5H5)2) 10mmol, measure 2mL hexachlorobutadienes (C4Cl6) and 28mL pyrroles
Pyridine is added in 50mL ptfe autoclave inner bag, respectively as source of iron and carbon source, mixing;
(2) it is put into after sealing in stainless steel high temperature reactor, screws reaction kettle cover, is placed in baking oven anti-in 200 DEG C
Answer 6 hours;
(3) room temperature is naturally cooled to, closes baking oven power supply, reactor is opened, the product in kettle is transferred completely into glass
In surface plate, 120 DEG C are placed in baking oven, is dried 6 hours, by dried sample collection in reagent bottle;
(4) take appropriate amount of sample to be placed in porcelain boat, be placed on the quartz ampoule center section of tube furnace, lead to argon gas 30min, row
Air in net pipe;Then it is 10 DEG C/min to set temperature and reaction time heating schedule, heating rate, delays tubular type furnace temperature
Slow to rise to 400 DEG C, instrument cools automatically after maintaining 90min, and gas is closed after being cooled to room temperature, obtain nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/
Ferriferrous oxide composite material, labeled as 10-Fe-N-C-400;
Embodiment 2-4
With the step in embodiment 1, except cyclopentadienyl group iron (Fe will be weighed inside (1) step in embodiment 1
(C5H5)2) amount replace with outside 5mmol, 15mmol, 20mmol, other operations are constant, and the mark for obtaining material is followed successively by 5-
Fe-N-C-400、15-Fe-N-C-400、 20-Fe-N-C-400;
Embodiment 5-6
With the step in embodiment 1, except by tubular type furnace temperature inside (4) step in embodiment 1 rise to 300 DEG C, 500
Outside DEG C, other operations are constant, so as to which the mark to material is followed successively by 10-Fe-N-C-300,10-Fe-N-C-500;
Embodiment 7
A kind of super capacitor electrode, the preparation method of the super capacitor electrode are:By described nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/
Ferriferrous oxide composite material presses 8 with acetylene black, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE):1:1 mass ratio is ground uniformly in mortar;Add ethanol,
Mixture is tuned into pasty state, and the pastel of gained is coated to a diameter of 1.5cm circular shaped foam nickel surface, and and infrared lamp
Lower baking 10-15min;Material after drying carries out tabletting, pressure 5-6MPa, obtains super capacitor electrode.
Below to nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material and capacitor made from the embodiment of the present invention
Electrode carries out performance characterization:
(1) the sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 of the gained of embodiment 1 morphology characterization
To nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 of the gained of embodiment 1
The microscopic sdIBM-2+2q.p.approach of multiple means of different has been carried out, it is as a result as follows:
Fig. 1 (a) (b) is scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of the sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 under different amplification, can from figure
Go out, obtained material is the irregular ball of some polymerizations, and the size of ball is uneven, is loose structure, and there is particle on the surface of ball
Material, tentatively it is inferred as the compound containing Fe.Fig. 1 (c) (d) is that sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 is saturating under different amplification
Electron microscope is penetrated, from the graph, it is apparent that the integral color of ball is homogeneous, therefore, the ball of composition material is medicine ball, particulate matter
Matter is in the form of a column the surface for being evenly distributed on ball.
(2) the sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 of the gained of embodiment 1 energy dispersion X-ray spectrum test (EDX)
Fig. 2 porous carbons/ferriferrous oxide composite material sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 EDX energy spectrum diagrams, as seen from the figure sample
In contained element species and its relative amount, contain five kinds of elements of Fe, N, C, O, Cl in the sample of preparation, copper is from surveying
The copper mesh specimen frame arrived used in the process of examination.
(3) embodiment 1, embodiment 5 and the gained of embodiment 6 sample 10-Fe-N-C-400,10-Fe-N-C-300 and
10-Fe-N-C-500 Raman and XRD spectrum analysis
Fig. 3 (a) be sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 by treatment of different temperature,
10-Fe-N-C-300 and 10-Fe-N-C-500 Raman analysis spectrogram, three kinds of materials are all in 1340cm-1With
1570cm-1Nearby there are two characteristic peaks of carbon, respectively D peaks and G peaks, it can be seen that composite 10-Fe-
N-C-300 D peaks are than ID/IG with intensity of the intensity at G peaks than D peaks and G peaks that ID/IG is 0.77,10-Fe-N-C-400
Compare I with the intensity at G peaks in 0.91,10-Fe-N-C-500 D peaksD/IGFor 0.81, it can be seen that 10-Fe-N-C-400 D peaks with
The intensity at G peaks compares ID/IGHighest, the defects of illustrating its carbon material surface, are most, and avtive spot is most, and chemical property is best;
Fig. 3 (b) is sample 10-Fe-N-C-400,10-Fe-N-C-300 and 10-Fe-N- by treatment of different temperature
C-500 XRD spectrum, as seen from the figure, 2 θ angles of three materials correspond to oxidized form graphite C respectively for 11.7 ° and 26.4 °
(001) crystal face and graphited C (002) crystal face, the θ of the angle of diffraction 2 be 18.3 °, 30.1 °, 35.4 °, 43.1 °, 53.4 °,
47.2 °, 56.9 °, 62.5 ° and 73.9 ° correspond to Fe respectively3O4(111), (220), (311), (400), (422), (331),
(511), (440) and (533) crystal face, matched with standard card JCPDS NO.65-3107.As seen from the figure, with temperature
The rise of degree, enhance the crystallinity of sample.
(4) the sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 of the gained of embodiment 1 XPS is characterized
Fig. 4 (a) is the hole carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 complete scanning figures of XPS.From figure
In as can be seen that the composite contain five kinds of elements of Fe, N, C, O, Cl.Wherein oxygen element, be due to sample in atmosphere by
Oxidation generation Fe3O4And introduce.Several element of Fe, N, C, O, Cl content are respectively 18.34%, 5.87%, 52.85,
15.89%, 7.04%.It is the C1s spectrograms of gained 10-Fe-N-C-400 composites as shown in Fig. 4 (b), bond energy exists
284.8eV is C=C keys, and 285.8eV is C=N keys, and 287.5eV is C-N keys and 289eV is C-O keys.As shown in Fig. 4 (c), it is
The N1s spectrograms of gained 10-Fe-N-C-400 composites, bond energy are pyridine nitrogen in 398.8eV, and 401eV is graphited nitrogen.
It is the Fe2p spectrograms of gained 10-Fe-N-C-400 composites, bond energy is Fe in 711.3eV as shown in Fig. 4 (d)3O4,
718.5eV is Fe3+, 724.9eV Fe.It is the O1s spectrograms of gained 10-Fe-N-C-400 composites as shown in Fig. 4 (e),
Bond energy is Fe in 530eV3O4, 531.4eV and 533.2eV are C-O keys.
(5) the various samples obtained by embodiment 1-6 characterize chemical property by cyclic voltammetry
Fig. 5 (a) is that composite passes through sample 10-Fe-N-C-400,10-Fe-N-C- that treatment of different temperature obtains
CV curves of the 300 and 10-Fe-N-C-500 in the case where sweeping speed and being 20mv/s, it can be seen that in potential window -1.1-0V models
In enclosing, the area that 10-Fe-N-C-400 CV curves are surrounded is maximum, by electric capacity calculation formula Cm=S/2 (m △ Vv) can
Know, the capacitance of 10-Fe-N-C-400 composites is maximum, is 177.7F/g, 10-Fe-N-C-300 and 10-Fe-N-C-
The quality of 500 composites is respectively 101.5F/g and 144.9F/g than capacitance.
Fig. 5 (b) is CV curve of the Fe-N-C-400 composites of different iron contents in the case where sweeping speed and being 20mv/s, from figure
As can be seen that in the range of potential window -1.1-0V, the area that 10-Fe-N-C-400 CV curves are surrounded is maximum, shows
Its capacitance is maximum, is 177.7F/g, the quality specific capacitance of 5-Fe-N-C-400 and 15-Fe-N-C-400 composites is respectively
133.9F/g and 137.2F/g, in summary, 10-Fe-N-C-400 capacitive property is optimal.
Fig. 5 (c) and (d) sweep the CV curves under speed for 10-Fe-N-C-400 composites in difference, can be obtained by calculating
Go out, with increase 1mv/s, 2mv/s, 5mv/s, 10mv/s, 20mv/s, 50mv/s, 100mv/s, the 200mv/s of sweep speed,
Its corresponding quality specific capacitance is gradually reduced 297.2F/g, 280.3F/g, 248F/g, 216.2F/g, 177.7F/g, 126F/g,
84F/g and 54.7F/g.Thus it will be evident that there is oxidation peak in -0.75V or so, obvious pseudo capacitance is shown
Performance.
(6) the sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 of the gained of embodiment 1 characterizes chemical property by constant current charge-discharge test
Fig. 6 is constant current charge-discharge curve of the sample 10-Fe-N-C-400 composites under different current densities, with electricity
The continuous increase of current density, the time that the electrode material completes a discharge and recharge constantly shorten, current density 1A/g, 2A/g,
4A/g, 8A/g, 10A/g, 20A/g, 30A/g, 40A/g, 50A/g, its corresponding quality specific capacitance is respectively 377F/g,
285.5F/g, 232F/g, 179.3F/g, 166.4F/g, 110.4F/g, 77.1F/g, 55.1F/g and 41.4F/g.This and Wang
Deng[149]The Fe of report3O4/ rGO composites are under current density 1A/g, and quality specific capacitance is compared for 186.7F/g, capacitive character
Can be well a lot.Constant current charge-discharge curve also shows certain pseudo capacitance characteristic, occurs near redox peaks
Gentle slope, illustrate that the material shows certain fake capacitance.
As described above, the invention provides a kind of preparation side of nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material
Method and its application in electrode of super capacitor, described nitrogen oxygen codope porous carbon/ferriferrous oxide composite material have
Excellent electric property, it can be used for making super capacitor electrode, there are huge potentiality in electrochemical field.