CN107655506B - Fiber grating sensing demodulation device based on microwave frequency mixing technology - Google Patents
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005374 Kerr effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005697 Pockels effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
- G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
- G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber grating sensing demodulation device based on a microwave frequency mixing technology, which comprises a narrow linewidth Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser, a fiber grating and an IQ mixer, wherein the output end of the narrow linewidth distributed feedback laser is connected with a polarization maintaining fiber coupler, output light of the polarization maintaining fiber coupler enters a single-mode fiber coupler after passing through an intensity type optical modulator, a signal of a signal source is loaded on the intensity type optical modulator, the signal reaches the microwave input end of the IQ mixer after passing through a high-speed photoelectric detector, the output end of the IQ mixer is connected with a signal processing and displaying module, the fiber grating sensing system adopts the microwave mixer to carry out direct signal demodulation, and the measurement result of wavelength movement amount has extremely high stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a demodulation device, in particular to a fiber grating sensing demodulation device based on a microwave frequency mixing technology.
Background
A Fiber Grating Sensor (Fiber Grating Sensor) belongs to one type of Fiber sensors, and the sensing process based on the Fiber Grating obtains sensing information by modulating the wavelength of Fiber Bragg through external physical parameters, and is a wavelength modulation type Fiber Sensor.
At present, the fiber grating sensing demodulation system mainly comprises methods such as a spectrum method, a multi-wavelength meter detection method, an edge filtering method, a tunable optical filtering method, a matched grating detection method, a wavelength tunable light source demodulation method, a CCD spectrometer detection method, a Michelson interference demodulation method and the like. The spectrum method has the advantages of small analysis range, strict operation conditions of a multi-wavelength meter detection method, difficulty in high-speed operation of a tunable optical filtering method, low reliability, low matching resolution efficiency of matched grating detection, high cost of a wavelength tunable light source demodulation method, and low scanning speed of a Michelson interference demodulation method.
The invention provides a fiber grating sensing demodulation system based on a microwave frequency mixing technology, which aims to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of poor environmental adaptability, instability and low resolution in the working process of the conventional demodulation device, and provides a fiber bragg grating sensing demodulation device based on a microwave frequency mixing technology, so that the problems are solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a fiber bragg grating sensing demodulation method and a device based on a microwave frequency mixing technology, which comprises a narrow linewidth Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser, a fiber bragg grating and an IQ mixer, wherein the output end of the narrow linewidth distributed feedback laser is connected with a polarization maintaining fiber coupler, the output light of the polarization maintaining fiber coupler enters a single mode fiber coupler after passing through an intensity type optical modulator, the output end of the single mode fiber coupler is divided into a large output end and a small output end, the output light of the large output end passes through a fiber circulator and then reaches a high-speed photodetector, the output light of the small output end passes through the photodetector and then reaches a modulation driver, wherein one part of the output light of the polarization maintaining fiber coupler also passes through the photodetector and then reaches the modulation driver, the modulation driver performs beam combination modulation on the light, the output light of a signal source passes through a power divider and then is divided into two paths, and one path of microwave signals is loaded on the intensity type optical modulator, the intensity type optical modulator processes the signal and transmits the processed signal to the optical fiber grating after passing through the optical fiber circulator, the optical fiber grating reflects the signal to the dispersion optical fiber, finally the signal reaches the microwave input end of the IQ frequency mixer through the high-speed photoelectric detector, the other signal sent by the power divider enters the local oscillation input end of the IQ frequency mixer, and the output end of the IQ frequency mixer is connected with the signal processing and displaying module.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the narrow linewidth Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser chip adopts an asymmetric phase shift grating structure, and a high-precision temperature and current control system is arranged in the laser chip, so that the linewidth of an output optical signal is effectively narrowed, the dynamic characteristic of a carrier and the refractive index of a material in the narrow linewidth Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser are effectively controlled, the output wavelength of the narrow linewidth Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser can realize broadband tuning, and the output optical power is kept stable.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the intensity type optical modulator is internally provided with linear modulation equipment, the surface of the linear modulation equipment is provided with a longitudinal interface and a transverse interface, the interfaces are positioned in an aluminum shell, and the electro-optical effect can be divided into a linear electro-optical effect (Pockels effect) and a quadratic electro-optical effect (Kerr effect), and the linear electro-optical effect has an obvious effect compared with the quadratic electro-optical effect, so the linear modulation effect is better.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the device is provided with a software platform, voltage data acquired by the hardware platform are transmitted to a single chip microcomputer, a corresponding algorithm is arranged in the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer analyzes and processes a voltage signal through a series of algorithms to obtain the wavelength movement amount of the fiber bragg grating.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a fiber grating sensing demodulation system based on microwave frequency mixing technology, which adopts a microwave phase detection method to modulate a microwave signal onto an optical domain, wherein the fiber grating can cause wavelength shift when being subjected to the change of a sensed physical quantity, and the phase of the microwave signal can be changed after an optical carrier microwave signal passes through a dispersion fiber, so that the demodulation of the wavelength shift amount of the fiber grating can be realized according to the change of the phase of the microwave signal, and the fiber grating sensing demodulation system has the advantages that: a new fiber grating sensing demodulation system based on microwave frequency mixing technology is provided; the wavelength resolution of the fiber grating sensing demodulation system can be adjusted at will by changing the frequency of a signal source and the length of a dispersion fiber and selecting the dispersion fiber with a large dispersion coefficient. The resolution of the system wavelength can be lower than 0.0004 nm; the fiber grating sensing system adopts a microwave mixer to demodulate signals directly, and the measurement result of wavelength movement amount has extremely high stability.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system framework of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures: 101. a narrow linewidth Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser; 102. a polarization maintaining fiber coupler; 103. a photodetector; 104. an intensity-type light modulator; 105. a modulator driver; 106. a single film fiber coupler; 107. a fiber optic circulator; 108. a fiber grating; 109. a dispersive optical fiber; 201. a high-speed photodetector; 202. a signal processing and display module; 203. an IQ mixer; 204. a power divider; 205. a signal source.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a fiber grating sensing demodulation apparatus based on microwave frequency mixing technology, including a narrow linewidth Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser 101, a fiber grating 109, and an IQ mixer 203, where an output end of the narrow linewidth Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser 101 is connected to a polarization maintaining fiber coupler 102, output light of the polarization maintaining fiber coupler 102 enters a single mode fiber coupler 106 after passing through an intensity type optical modulator 104, an output end of the single mode fiber coupler 106 is divided into a large output end and a small output end, output light of the large output end reaches a high speed photodetector 201 after passing through a fiber circulator 107, output light of the small output end reaches a modulation driver 105 through a photodetector 103, where a part of output light of the polarization maintaining fiber coupler 102 also reaches the modulation driver 105 through the photodetector 103, and the modulation driver 105 performs beam-combining modulation on two beams, the output light of the signal source 205 is divided into two paths after passing through the power divider 204, one path of microwave signal is loaded onto the intensity-type optical modulator 104, the intensity-type optical modulator 104 processes the signal and then transmits the processed signal to the optical fiber grating 108 through the optical fiber circulator 107, the optical fiber grating 108 reflects the signal to the dispersive optical fiber 109, finally the path of signal reaches the microwave input end of the IQ mixer 203 through the high-speed photodetector 201, the other path of signal sent by the power divider 204 enters the local oscillation input end of the IQ mixer 203, and the output end of the IQ mixer 203 is connected with the signal processing and display module 202.
Specifically, the invention relates to a fiber grating sensing demodulation device based on microwave frequency mixing technology, a narrow linewidth Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser 101 chip adopts an asymmetric phase shift grating structure, and a high-precision temperature and current control system is arranged in the chip, the linewidth of an output optical signal is effectively narrowed, the dynamic characteristic of a current carrier and the refractive index of a material in the narrow linewidth Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser 101 are effectively controlled, the output wavelength of the narrow linewidth Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser 101 can realize broadband tuning, the output optical power is kept stable, a linear modulation device is arranged in an intensity type optical modulator 104, the surface of the linear modulation device is provided with a longitudinal interface and a transverse interface, the interfaces are both positioned in an aluminum shell, because the linear electro-optical effect can be divided into a linear electro-optical effect (Pockels effect) and a quadratic electro-optical effect (Kerr effect), and the action effect of the linear electro-optical effect is more obvious than the quadratic electro-optical effect, therefore, the linear modulation effect is better, the device is provided with a software platform, voltage data acquired by the hardware platform are transmitted to the single chip microcomputer, a corresponding algorithm is arranged in the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer analyzes and processes the voltage signals through a series of algorithms to obtain the wavelength movement amount of the fiber bragg gratings.
Specifically, the invention relates to a fiber grating sensing demodulation device based on microwave frequency mixing technology, and the specific measurement method comprises the following steps: the microwave signal is transmitted in the dispersive optical fiber 109, when the fiber grating 108 is affected by the external temperature, stress or strain, the emission wavelength changes, and the change of the wavelength after passing through a section of the dispersive optical fiber 109 can cause the phase of the microwave signal to change along with the change of the emission wavelength of the fiber grating 108The principle of the fiber grating 108 as a sensor is that the shift of the emission wavelength reflects the magnitude of the sensed physical quantity. Assuming that the dispersion coefficient of a dispersion fiber 109 of length L is D (ps/km/nm), and the shift amount of the reflected wavelength due to the change of the sensing amount of the fiber grating 108 is Δ λ, the phase of the microwave signal is adjusted
The variation relationship of the variation quantity of the emission wavelength of the fiber grating 108 is
Assuming that the frequency of the signal output by the signal source is f, the signal passes through the power divider 204 to obtain two identical microwave signals, one of which is used as a local oscillation signal and directly enters the local oscillation input end of the IQ mixer 203, and the signal can be represented as:
Voin order to be the amplitude of the signal,
is the initial phase of the signal. The microwave signal is modulated to the optical domain by the intensity type optical modulator 104 and then passes through the fiber grating 108, and since the fiber grating 108 is subjected to the change of the sensing quantity, the signal output by the high-speed photodetector 201 can be expressed as:
After the microwave signal enters the IQ mixer 203, the IQ mixer 203 divides the signal into two paths, one path of signal is used as an I path of input microwave signal to be mixed with a local oscillator signal, and the other path of signal is used as a Q path of input microwave signal to be mixed with a local oscillator signal after being subjected to 90-degree phase shift, so that the I path of output signal can be expressed as:
the Q-path output signal can be expressed as:
two paths of direct current signals output by the IQ mixer 203 are divided to obtain:
thus, the wavelength shift amount of the fiber grating 108 is:
as can be seen from the above equation, the amount of shift of the wavelength of the fiber grating 108 can be obtained from the magnitude of the dc component output from the IQ mixer 203 and the length and dispersion coefficient of the dispersive fiber 109 in the optical path, and sensing of physical quantities such as temperature, stress, and strain can be realized by the fiber grating 108. If the frequency of the selected microwave signal is 40GHz, the dispersion coefficient of the dispersive optical fiber 109 is-150 ps/km/nm, the length of the dispersive optical fiber 109 is 1km, since the phase measurement sensitivity of the IQ mixer 203 is 10The wavelength resolution of the fiber grating 108 sensing demodulation system provided by the invention can reach 0.0004nm, which is much higher than the wavelength resolution precision of the existing fiber grating 108 demodulation system.
The working flow of the fiber grating sensing demodulation system is as follows:
after power-on, the modulator driver board automatically controls the intensity type optical modulator 104 to operate at a linear operating point through a program. After the working point of the modulator is determined, the signal source is turned on, and the fiber grating 108 is placed in an environment to be sensed (for example, a system with temperature change or under the action of stress), and a display module of the system displays the current movement amount of the emission wavelength of the fiber grating 108 in real time. Sensing of various physical quantities can be achieved according to the amount of wavelength shift.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A sensing demodulation method of a fiber grating sensing demodulation device based on a microwave frequency mixing technology is characterized by comprising a narrow linewidth distributed feedback DFB laser (101), a fiber grating (109) and an IQ mixer (203), wherein the output end of the narrow linewidth distributed feedback DFB laser (101) is connected with a polarization maintaining fiber coupler (102), the output light of the polarization maintaining fiber coupler (102) enters a single-mode fiber coupler (106) after passing through an intensity type optical modulator (104), the output end of the single-mode fiber coupler (106) is divided into a large output end and a small output end, the output light of the large output end reaches a high-speed photoelectric detector (201) after passing through a fiber circulator (107), the output light of the small output end reaches a modulation driver (105) through a photoelectric detector (103), wherein a part of the output light of the polarization maintaining fiber coupler (102) also reaches the modulation driver (105) through the photoelectric detector (103), a modulation driver (105) performs beam combination modulation on two beams of light, output light of a signal source (205) is divided into two paths after passing through a power divider (204), one path of microwave signal is loaded on an intensity type optical modulator (104), the intensity type optical modulator (104) processes the signal and then transmits the processed signal to an optical fiber grating (108) after passing through an optical fiber circulator (107), the optical fiber grating (108) reflects the signal to a dispersion optical fiber (109), finally the signal reaches the microwave input end of an IQ mixer (203) after passing through a high-speed photoelectric detector (201), the other path of signal sent by the power divider (204) enters the local oscillation input end of the IQ mixer (203), and the output end of the IQ mixer (203) is connected with a signal processing and display module (202);
The fiber grating can cause the wavelength to move when being changed by the sensed physical quantity; when the fiber grating is affected by external temperature, stress or strain, the reflection wavelength of the fiber grating changes, and the change of the wavelength can cause the phase of a microwave signal to change along with the change of the reflection wavelength of the fiber grating after passing through a section of dispersion fiber;
the sensing demodulation method of the fiber grating sensing demodulation device based on the microwave frequency mixing technology comprises the following steps that the dispersion coefficient of a dispersion fiber (109) with the length of L is D, the unit is ps/km/nm, the shift amount of the reflection wavelength caused by the change of the sensing amount of a fiber grating (108) is delta lambda, and the phase of a microwave signal is
The variation relation of the variation quantity of the emission wavelength of the fiber bragg grating (108) is
The frequency of the signal output by the signal source is f, the signal passes through the power divider (204) to obtain two same microwave signals, one of the two microwave signals is used as a local oscillation signal and directly enters a local oscillation input end of the IQ mixer (203), and the signal can be expressed as follows:
Voin order to be the amplitude of the signal,
the other path of microwave signal is modulated to an optical domain through the intensity type optical modulator (104) and then passes through the fiber grating (108) as the initial phase of the signal, and the signal output by the high-speed photoelectric detector (201) due to the change of the sensing quantity of the fiber grating (108) can be expressed as follows:
After the microwave signal enters an IQ mixer (203), the IQ mixer (203) divides the signal into two paths, one path of signal is used as an I path of input microwave signal to be mixed with a local oscillator signal, the other path of signal is used as a Q path of input microwave signal to be mixed with the local oscillator signal after being subjected to 90-degree phase shift, and then the I path of output signal can be expressed as:
the Q output signal can be expressed as:
two paths of direct current signals output by the IQ mixer (203) are subjected to phase division to obtain:
thus, the shift amount of the fiber grating (108) in wavelength is as follows:
from the above equation, the amount of shift of the wavelength of the fiber grating (108) can be obtained from the magnitude of the dc component output from the IQ mixer (203) and the length and dispersion coefficient of the dispersive fiber (109) in the optical path, and the sensing of the physical quantities of temperature, stress, and strain can be realized by the fiber grating (108).
2. The sensing demodulation method of the fiber grating sensing demodulation device based on the microwave mixing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that the chip of the narrow linewidth distributed feedback DFB laser (101) adopts an asymmetric phase shift grating structure, and a high-precision temperature and current control system is arranged inside.
3. The sensing demodulation method of the fiber grating sensing demodulation device based on the microwave mixing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that the intensity type optical modulator (104) is internally provided with a linear modulation device, the surface of the linear modulation device is provided with a longitudinal interface and a transverse interface, and the interfaces are all located in an aluminum shell.
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