CN107649590B - Skin stretch-forming die and stretch-forming method thereof - Google Patents
Skin stretch-forming die and stretch-forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107649590B CN107649590B CN201710939493.9A CN201710939493A CN107649590B CN 107649590 B CN107649590 B CN 107649590B CN 201710939493 A CN201710939493 A CN 201710939493A CN 107649590 B CN107649590 B CN 107649590B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 112
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000036555 skin type Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
- B21D37/12—Particular guiding equipment, e.g. pliers; Special arrangements for interconnection or cooperation of dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D25/00—Working sheet metal of limited length by stretching, e.g. for straightening
- B21D25/02—Working sheet metal of limited length by stretching, e.g. for straightening by pulling over a die
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stretch-forming die, in particular to a titanium alloy skin stretch-forming die, and belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy double-curvature sheet metal part forming; the device comprises a male die mechanism fixed on the stretch-forming device and a female die mechanism fixed on the stretch-forming device and capable of moving up and down, wherein the male die mechanism and the female die mechanism are provided with matched curved surfaces so as to ensure that the local gaps between the male die and the female die are uniform and consistent, thereby ensuring that the material flows are uniform and consistent during forming; the invention solves the problem that the traditional titanium alloy double-curvature skin parts are difficult to process, utilizes the characteristics of titanium alloy materials, adopts a thermoforming mode to realize the stretch forming process of the skin parts, effectively avoids the problems that the traditional technology adopts a stamping mode to generate serious wrinkling and the molded surface is not adhered to the mold, and solves the processing problem of aerospace titanium alloy skin parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a stretch-forming die and a stretch-forming method, in particular to a skin stretch-forming die and a stretch-forming method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy skin stretch-forming.
Background
The titanium alloy material has the characteristics of high strength, light weight, corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied in the field of aviation. The titanium alloy plate has good plasticity at high temperature, and the shape of the titanium alloy plate at normal temperature is not changed, so that the requirement on the stretch-forming of the titanium alloy plate, especially skin parts, is higher, the stretch-forming process of the titanium alloy skin is a difficult problem in the prior art, and the precision of a formed part cannot reach a better state from the processing efficiency.
In the design of aircraft skin, aircraft skin refers to a dimensional member that is wrapped around the exterior of an aircraft skeleton structure and secured to the skeleton with an adhesive or rivet to form the aerodynamic profile of the aircraft. The skin structure formed by the aircraft skin and the framework has larger bearing capacity and rigidity, and the self weight is very light, so that the aircraft skin and the framework play a role in bearing and transmitting pneumatic load. The skin is subjected to aerodynamic force and then transmits acting force to the connected wing skeleton of the fuselage, the stress is complex, and the skin is directly contacted with the outside, so that the skin material is required to be high in strength and good in plasticity, smooth in surface and high in corrosion resistance.
By combining the requirements and the characteristics of the titanium alloy material, a stretch forming process and a stretch forming die which have good stretch forming effect and can not generate serious thinning points are needed for the skin part after stretch forming, and the stretch forming effect and the production efficiency of the titanium alloy skin are effectively ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems, the stretch forming process and the stretch forming die solve the problems that the existing titanium alloy skin type part is seriously wrinkled and does not stick to the die when being formed, the assembly precision of the skin material is high, the stretch forming effect is good, and the quality and the precision of the skin part after being stretched are good.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the skin stretch-forming die comprises a male die mechanism fixed on a stretch-forming device and a female die mechanism fixed on the stretch-forming device and capable of moving up and down, wherein the male die mechanism and the female die mechanism are provided with adaptive curved surfaces so as to ensure that the local gaps between the male die and the female die are uniform and consistent, and therefore the material can flow uniformly and consistently during forming.
Specifically, the device is stretched at an ambient temperature of 650-700 ℃.
According to the skin stretch-forming die, the female die moves downwards to perform stretch-forming on the structural design, the female die moves to stretch-form when the structure is different from the conventional technology, the titanium alloy skin material is good in plasticity and easy to form under the condition of high temperature, and the precision of skin parts, particularly skin parts of aircraft shells, is effectively improved. In addition, the skin to-be-machined piece is assembled on the female die, and the skin to-be-machined piece is gradually attached to the male die by utilizing movement of the female die, so that the problem that the skin material has thin points can be avoided. In the traditional process, the male die drives the skin to-be-machined piece to move upwards, the contact point of the skin material and the male die is always stressed, the female die and the male die are required to be matched and extruded for further forming, and the uniform effect of the overall thickness of the skin part is not facilitated in the stretch forming process. In the design, in consideration of the problem, the skin to-be-machined piece is well attached to the male die by combining different modes with high-temperature environments, and in the process of matching the male die and the female die, the surface smoothness of the skin material is guaranteed, the situation of wrinkles is avoided, and the problem that the skin to-be-machined piece is pulled apart in the stretch-forming process is avoided.
The male die mechanism comprises a bottom plate and a male die, wherein the bottom plate is detachably and fixedly connected to a stretch-forming device, the male die is arranged on the bottom plate, and the male die has a displacement capable of moving up and down under the acting force of the stretch-forming device. In order to match with the female die mechanism, the male die can move upwards under the action force when the female die mechanism moves downwards to a certain position in the matching process, so that the stretch-forming effect of the skin to-be-machined piece is ensured. The small distance movement of the male die is utilized to ensure that the stress on the skin to-be-machined piece is more uniform, and the quality of skin parts is effectively ensured.
Further, a plurality of guide posts which are fixedly connected are arranged on the bottom plate, guide holes matched with the guide posts are formed in the male die, and the male die can move upwards along the guide posts through the guide holes under the action force of the stretch-forming device. The method can further ensure the machining precision of the skin to-be-machined piece, and is beneficial to further forming of the to-be-machined piece.
Furthermore, a plurality of ejector rod holes capable of penetrating the ejector rods of the stretch forming device are formed in the bottom plate, and the ejector rods of the stretch forming device are contacted with the plate material through the ejector rods Kong Dingzhu male die in the pressing process of the female die mechanism. By means of the cooperation of the ejector rod and the ejector rod hole, the ejector rod can enable the male die to slightly move upwards in the process of pressing down the female die mechanism.
Further, the bottom plate is also provided with a lifting screw.
The female die mechanism comprises a female die with a curved surface matched with the male die mechanism, and the female die is provided with a pressing plate mechanism for clamping a skin workpiece.
Further, the pressing plate mechanism comprises a plurality of pressing plates, and the pressing plates fix the skin to-be-machined piece on the female die through the connecting piece, so that the skin to-be-machined piece is fixedly assembled between the pressing plates and the female die.
Further, the pressing plates comprise a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate which are assembled on the end face of the bottom of the female die, and a third pressing plate and a fourth pressing plate which are assembled on the lower part of the female die and are close to the end face of the bottom, and the pressing plates are assembled between the pressing plates and the female die through bolts for covering a workpiece to be machined. And assembling the skin to-be-machined part by using a pressing plate, pre-machining an assembly hole for the to-be-machined part, and assembling the to-be-machined part through the pressing plate, the screw and the assembly hole to ensure the machining precision of the skin part.
Furthermore, the female die and the male die are of arch structures, a plurality of assembling grooves are formed in the side walls of the two sides of the female die, and the side walls of the bottoms of the assembling grooves are fixedly connected with the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate through bolts respectively. The structure enables the assembling effect of the skin to-be-machined piece to be more.
Furthermore, two end parts of the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate are provided with end part pressing plates for aligning the female die and the male die before and after assembly, and the end part pressing plates are detachably connected with the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate. Ensuring the effect and the precision of the stretch forming.
The skin stretch-forming die adopts a mode that a female die structure is pressed down to stretch-form, and solves the difficulty in processing the traditional titanium alloy skin parts. In the conventional technology, an optimized scheme is currently available, and the optimized scheme mainly utilizes the upward movement of a male die, and assembles a skin to-be-machined piece by means of a blank holder. In the stretch-forming process, in actual operation, the skin to-be-processed piece can be formed only after the male die structure and the female die structure are matched in a pressing mode, and the skin file is often in a very weak point in the design mode. In the design, the concave die is utilized to assemble the skin type to-be-machined piece and drive the to-be-machined piece to move downwards, and the titanium alloy skin material has good plasticity and is easy to deform at a certain temperature. When the female die moves downwards, the skin material is gradually attached from two sides of the top of the male die along with the shape of the male die mechanism, and when the female die mechanism moves to a certain position, the male die mechanism moves upwards under the action of the ejector rod, so that the stretch-forming is realized. The design mode is considered on the uniformity of the thin-wall thickness of the skin type part, in addition, the design is adopted to effectively ensure that the stress of the titanium alloy skin material is more balanced in the stretch-forming process, and the problem that the stress point of the skin material is unchanged in the forming process is effectively avoided.
The invention discloses a skin stretch-forming method of a skin stretch-forming die, which comprises the following steps of:
a. assembling a skin to-be-machined part, and assembling the skin to-be-machined part on a die mechanism capable of moving up and down;
b. assembling the male die mechanism, namely assembling the male die on the bottom plate, processing a guide column for guiding on the bottom plate, processing a guide hole matched with the guide column on the male die, and matching the guide column with the guide hole during assembling;
c. the method comprises the steps of (1) die filling, clamping a plate between a female die and a pressing plate, connecting the plate through bolts, placing a plurality of first equal-height blocks on a bottom plate, placing the female die on the first equal-height blocks, and utilizing the first equal-height blocks to enable gaps to exist between the lower end face of a skin to-be-machined piece and the top of a male die;
d. placing the die with the die in a thermoforming furnace, clamping a female die on an upper platform capable of moving up and down in a drawing device, enabling a push rod on the drawing device to penetrate through a bottom plate and contact with the bottom of a male die, aligning the front-back gap between the female die and the male die by adopting pressing plates arranged at the ends of a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate, respectively fixing the female die and the bottom plate on the upper platform and the lower platform of the thermoforming furnace, moving the upper platform of the equipment upwards, lifting the female die, and taking down a first equal-altitude block;
e. after the assembly is completed, a second equal-height block is arranged between the bottom plate and the female die mechanism, the furnace chamber is closed, and the temperature is raised until the temperature in the furnace chamber reaches the target temperature;
f. and pressing down the female die until the female die mechanism is contacted with the second equal-height block, and at the moment, jacking the male die and the female die mechanism to be closed through a jacking rod hole on the bottom plate, so that final forming of the product is realized.
Further, the material of the skin to-be-machined piece is TC1-M, and the thickness is 0.5mm.
Further, the woolen of the skin to-be-machined piece is fed in a laser cutting mode.
Further, the female die mechanism comprises a female die, a first pressing plate, a second pressing plate, a third pressing plate and a fourth pressing plate, wherein the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate are fixed on the opposite bottom end surfaces of the female die and the bottom plate, the third pressing plate and the fourth pressing plate are fixed on the bottom of the female die and are close to the bottom end surfaces, the pressing plates are respectively fixedly connected to the female die through screws, and a skin to-be-machined piece is assembled between the pressing plates and the female die.
Further, a plurality of assembly grooves are formed in the side wall of the female die, through holes are formed in the side wall of the bottom of each assembly groove, and the assembly grooves are assembled with the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate through screws.
Furthermore, in the step d, the assembly and alignment of the female die mechanism and the male die are further included, a plurality of end pressing plates used for front and back alignment are connected to the female die mechanism, alignment is carried out through the end pressing plates, and after assembly is completed, the end pressing plates are taken down.
Further, two ends of the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate are respectively connected with an end pressing plate through screws.
Further, in the step e, the target temperature is 650 ℃ to 700 ℃.
And g, cooling the formed skin parts, stopping heating the furnace chamber after the stretch forming is finished, naturally reducing the temperature in the furnace chamber of the forming furnace, and after the temperature reaches the normal temperature, finishing cooling the skin parts and forming.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention effectively solves the problem of difficult processing of the traditional titanium alloy skin parts, realizes the stretch forming process of the skin parts by adopting a thermoforming mode by utilizing the characteristics of titanium alloy materials, effectively avoids the problem of easy stretch cracking or uneven wall thickness of the traditional technology by adopting a stamping mode, and promotes the processing efficiency and processing precision of the aerospace titanium alloy skin parts;
2. in the thermoforming device and process for the titanium alloy skin parts, which are adopted by the invention, the fact that the skin parts are stressed and shaped in the machining process is fully considered, the female die mechanism moves up and down, the male die is tightly matched with the female die by combining a small amount of displacement of the male die, the machining precision is effectively improved, the problem that the drawing is weak is solved, and the problem of reprocessing is avoided, so that the designed device and process have high drawing precision and high production efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the invention after rotation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the invention at A;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the fit between the guide post and the punch of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the base plate of the present invention.
The marks in the figure: the device comprises a 1-male die, a 2-female die, a 3-bottom plate, a 4-guide column, a 5-third pressing plate, a 6-first pressing plate, a 7-fourth pressing plate, an 8-second pressing plate, a 9-assembly groove, a 10-ejector rod hole and an 11-lifting ring screw.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or equivalent purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Examples
The skin stretch-forming die comprises a male die mechanism fixed on a stretch-forming device and a female die mechanism fixed on the stretch-forming device and capable of moving up and down, wherein the male die mechanism and the female die mechanism are provided with matched curved surfaces so as to ensure that the local gaps between the male die and the female die are uniform and consistent, and therefore the material flows are uniform and consistent during forming.
Specifically, the device is stretched at an ambient temperature of 650-700 ℃.
According to the skin stretch-forming die, the female die moves downwards to perform stretch-forming on the structural design, the female die moves to stretch-form when the structure is different from the conventional technology, the titanium alloy skin material is good in plasticity and easy to form under the condition of high temperature, and the precision of skin parts, particularly skin parts of aircraft shells, is effectively improved. In addition, the skin to-be-machined piece is assembled on the female die, and the skin to-be-machined piece is gradually attached to the male die by utilizing movement of the female die, so that the problem that the skin material has thin points can be avoided. In the traditional process, the male die drives the skin to-be-machined piece to move upwards, the contact point of the skin material and the male die is always stressed, the female die and the male die are required to be matched and extruded for further forming, and the uniform effect of the overall thickness of the skin part is not facilitated in the stretch forming process. In the design, in consideration of the problem, the skin to-be-machined piece is well attached to the male die by combining different modes with high-temperature environments, and in the process of matching the male die and the female die, the surface smoothness of the skin material is guaranteed, the situation of wrinkles is avoided, and the problem that the skin to-be-machined piece is pulled apart in the stretch-forming process is avoided.
Based on the design of the embodiment, in another embodiment, the punch mechanism comprises a bottom plate 3 detachably and fixedly connected to the stretch forming device and a punch 1 arranged on the bottom plate, wherein the punch 1 has a displacement amount capable of moving up and down under the acting force of the stretch forming device. The design mode is beneficial to the stretch forming effect of the skin material and the processing precision of the skin parts. In a preferred embodiment, the skin to-be-machined piece is made of titanium alloy skin material. The specific trade mark is TC1-M.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a plurality of guide posts 4 are fixedly connected to the bottom plate 3, and guide holes matched with the guide posts are formed in the male die 1, so that the male die can move upwards along the guide posts through the guide holes under the action of the stretch forming device. The movement of the male die is utilized to enable the male die to be matched with the female die mechanism better, and the forming effect is facilitated. Preferably, in one embodiment, the line of the guide post 4 is polygonal. Specifically, the number of the guide posts 4 is 4. The number of guide posts 4 can be varied according to the size of the mold. Preferably, in another embodiment, the guide post 4 extends through the base plate and is fastened thereto by screws.
Based on the design principle of the above embodiment, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a plurality of ejector rod holes 10 capable of penetrating ejector rods of the stretch forming device are formed on the bottom plate 3, and the ejector rods of the stretch forming device contact with the plate material through the ejector rods Kong Dingzhu male die in the process of pressing down the female die mechanism. As a more preferred embodiment, the ejector pin holes 10 are uniformly distributed in a circumferential array. Specifically, the number of the jack holes 10 is 4. The number of holes is not limited, and the punch may be driven by the ejector pin mainly during actual operation.
In order to achieve a better mold fit, the base plate 3 is in another embodiment also provided with eye screws 11.
The above-mentioned structure of the male die mechanism is mainly designed in an optimized manner, and the design of this mode is mainly for matching with the female die mechanism moving up and down, and in addition, the following optimized design is made for the design of the female die mechanism.
In a further embodiment, the die means comprises a die 2 having a curved surface matching the punch means, the die 2 being provided with a platen means for clamping the skin workpiece.
In principle, as a preferred design, the platen mechanism comprises a plurality of platens, which fix the skin workpiece to the die by means of a connecting piece, so that the skin workpiece is fixedly assembled between the platens and the die. The assembly of this mode is favorable to the assembly of the skin to-be-machined piece.
In another embodiment, the press plates comprise a first press plate 6 and a second press plate 8 which are assembled on the bottom end face of the female die, and a third press plate 5 and a fourth press plate 7 which are assembled on the lower part of the female die and are close to the bottom end face, wherein the press plates are assembled between the press plates and the female die through bolts. As a preferred installation mode, specifically, the first pressing plate 6 and the second pressing plate 8 are fixed on the bottom end surfaces of the female die opposite to the bottom plate, the third pressing plate 5 and the fourth pressing plate 7 are fixed on the bottom of the female die and near the bottom end surfaces, the pressing plates are fixedly connected on the female die through screws respectively, and the skin to-be-machined piece is assembled between the pressing plates and the female die.
Based on the design principle of the above embodiment, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the female die 2 and the male die 1 have an arch structure, a plurality of assembling grooves 9 are formed on the side walls on two sides of the female die 2, and the side wall on which the bottom of the assembling groove 9 is located is fixedly connected with the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate respectively through bolts. The skin to-be-machined piece is better in assembly effect due to the arrangement of the mode, and forming is facilitated.
In a further embodiment, the first platen 6 and the second platen 8 are provided with end platens for alignment of the die and the punch before and after assembly, and the end platens are detachably connected to the first platen and the second platen.
In another specific embodiment, as a preferable mode, one side, close to the male die, of the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate is a curved surface matched with the male die, and the curved surface is matched with the inner end face of the female die structure.
In order to ensure that the skin to-be-machined piece is not subjected to pressure when the male die is matched with the female die, in one embodiment, a placement groove for placing the skin to-be-machined piece is formed in the male die.
Based on the design principle of the above embodiment, in order to take into consideration that the skin to be machined needs to be assembled on the female die first during the assembly process and that the female die mechanism needs to enable the male die to move upwards during the downward movement, in one embodiment, the die further comprises a plurality of first equal height blocks for avoiding the male die to be contacted with the skin to be machined, and a plurality of second equal height blocks for keeping a gap between the male die and the female die mechanism to facilitate the upward movement of the male die.
More preferably, the male die is also provided with a lightening hole for reducing weight due to the skin material.
In principle, the skin stretch-forming method for the skin stretch-forming mold according to the above embodiment includes the following steps:
a. assembling a skin to-be-machined part, and assembling the skin to-be-machined part on a die mechanism capable of moving up and down;
b. assembling the male die mechanism, namely assembling the male die on the bottom plate, processing a guide column for guiding on the bottom plate, processing a guide hole matched with the guide column on the male die, and matching the guide column with the guide hole during assembling;
c. the method comprises the steps of (1) die filling, clamping a plate between a female die and a pressing plate, connecting the plate through bolts, placing a plurality of first equal-height blocks on a bottom plate, placing the female die on the first equal-height blocks, and utilizing the first equal-height blocks to enable gaps to exist between the lower end face of a skin to-be-machined piece and the top of a male die;
d. placing the die with the die in a thermoforming furnace, clamping a female die on an upper platform capable of moving up and down in a drawing device, enabling a push rod on the drawing device to penetrate through a bottom plate and contact with the bottom of a male die, aligning the front-back gap between the female die and the male die by adopting pressing plates arranged at the ends of a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate, respectively fixing the female die and the bottom plate on the upper platform and the lower platform of the thermoforming furnace, moving the upper platform of the equipment upwards, lifting the female die, and taking down a first equal-altitude block;
e. after the assembly is completed, a second equal-height block is arranged between the bottom plate and the female die mechanism, the furnace chamber is closed, and the temperature is raised until the temperature in the furnace chamber reaches the target temperature;
f. and pressing down the female die until the female die mechanism is contacted with the second equal-height block, and at the moment, jacking the male die and the female die mechanism to be closed through a jacking rod hole on the bottom plate, so that final forming of the product is realized.
Preferably, in one embodiment, the material of the skin to-be-machined piece is TC1-M, and the thickness of the skin to-be-machined piece is 0.5mm.
Based on the fact that the skin to-be-machined piece needs to be machined in advance, in another specific embodiment, the woolen material of the skin to-be-machined piece is fed in a laser cutting mode.
In order to ensure the assembly effect of the skin workpiece, in one embodiment, the die mechanism comprises a die, a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate fixed on opposite bottom end surfaces of the die and the bottom plate, and a third pressing plate and a fourth pressing plate fixed on the bottom of the die and close to the bottom end surfaces, wherein the pressing plates are fixedly connected to the die through screws respectively, and the skin workpiece is assembled between the pressing plates and the die.
For positioning and connection, preferably, in one specific embodiment, a plurality of assembly grooves are formed on the side wall of the female die, through holes are formed on the side wall of the bottom of the assembly groove, and the assembly grooves are assembled with the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate through screws.
In the process of die filling, alignment and positioning are needed, in another specific embodiment, in the step d, the die mechanism and the male die are assembled and aligned, a plurality of end pressing plates for front and back alignment are connected to the die mechanism, alignment is carried out through the end pressing plates, and after assembly is completed, the end pressing plates are taken down.
As a specific design of the structure, it is preferable that in another specific embodiment, both ends of the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate are respectively connected with the end pressing plate by screws.
Preferably, in one embodiment, in step e, the target temperature is 650 ℃ to 700 ℃.
In another specific embodiment, the process further comprises the step g of cooling the formed skin type part, stopping heating the furnace chamber after the stretch forming is completed, naturally reducing the temperature in the furnace chamber of the forming furnace, and cooling the skin type part after the temperature reaches the normal temperature, and forming.
The skin stretch-forming die adopts a mode that a female die structure is pressed down to stretch-form, and the difficulty in processing the traditional titanium alloy skin parts is solved. In the conventional technology, an optimized scheme is currently available, and the optimized scheme mainly utilizes the upward movement of a male die, and assembles a skin to-be-machined piece by means of a blank holder. In the stretch-forming process, in actual operation, the skin to-be-processed piece can be formed only after the male die structure and the female die structure are matched in a pressing mode, and the skin file is often in a very weak point in the design mode. In the design, the concave die is utilized to assemble the skin type to-be-machined piece and drive the to-be-machined piece to move downwards, and the titanium alloy skin material has good plasticity and is easy to deform at a certain temperature. When the female die moves downwards, the skin material is gradually attached from two sides of the top of the male die along with the shape of the male die mechanism, and when the female die mechanism moves to a certain position, the male die mechanism moves upwards under the action of the ejector rod, so that the stretch-forming is realized. The design mode is considered on the uniformity of the thin-wall thickness of the skin type part, in addition, the design is adopted to effectively ensure that the stress of the titanium alloy skin material is more balanced in the stretch-forming process, and the problem that the stress point of the skin material is unchanged in the forming process is effectively avoided.
To sum up:
1. the invention effectively solves the problem of difficult processing of the traditional titanium alloy skin parts, realizes the stretch forming process of the skin parts by adopting a thermoforming mode by utilizing the characteristics of titanium alloy materials, effectively avoids the problem of easy stretch cracking or uneven wall thickness of the traditional technology by adopting a stamping mode, and promotes the processing efficiency and processing precision of the aerospace titanium alloy skin parts;
2. in the thermoforming device and process for the titanium alloy skin parts, which are adopted by the invention, the fact that the skin parts are stressed and shaped in the machining process is fully considered, the female die mechanism moves up and down, the male die is tightly matched with the female die by combining a small amount of displacement of the male die, the machining precision is effectively improved, the problem that the drawing is weak is solved, and the problem of reprocessing is avoided, so that the designed device and process have high drawing precision and high production efficiency.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a covering stretch-forming mould which characterized in that: the device comprises a male die mechanism fixed on a drawing device and a female die mechanism fixed on the drawing device and capable of moving up and down, wherein the male die mechanism and the female die mechanism are provided with matched curved surfaces so as to ensure that the local gaps between the male die and the female die are uniform and consistent, thereby ensuring that the material flows are uniform and consistent during forming;
the stretch forming method comprises the following steps:
a. assembling a skin to-be-machined part, and assembling the skin to-be-machined part on a die mechanism capable of moving up and down;
b. assembling the male die mechanism, namely assembling the male die on the bottom plate, processing a guide column for guiding on the bottom plate, processing a guide hole matched with the guide column on the male die, and matching the guide column with the guide hole during assembling;
c. the method comprises the steps of (1) die filling, clamping a plate between a female die and a pressing plate, connecting the plate through bolts, placing a plurality of first equal-height blocks on a bottom plate, placing the female die on the first equal-height blocks, and forming a gap between the lower surface of a skin to-be-machined piece and a male die by using the first equal-height blocks so as not to contact the lower surface of the skin to-be-machined piece;
d. placing the die with the die in a thermoforming furnace, clamping a female die on an upper platform capable of moving up and down in a drawing device, enabling a push rod on the drawing device to penetrate through a bottom plate and contact with the bottom of a male die, aligning the front-back gap between the female die and the male die by adopting pressing plates arranged at the ends of a first pressing plate and a second pressing plate, respectively fixing the female die and the bottom plate on the upper platform and the lower platform of the thermoforming furnace, moving the upper platform of the equipment upwards, lifting the female die, and taking down a first equal-altitude block;
e. after the assembly is completed, a second equal-height block is arranged between the bottom plate and the female die mechanism, the furnace chamber is closed, and the temperature in the furnace chamber is increased to reach the target temperature;
f. and pressing down the female die until the female die mechanism is contacted with the second equal-height block, and at the moment, jacking the male die and the female die mechanism to be closed through a jacking rod hole on the bottom plate, so that final forming of the product is realized.
2. A skin stretch-forming die according to claim 1, wherein: the male die mechanism comprises a bottom plate (3) which is detachably and fixedly connected to the stretch-forming device and a male die (1) which is arranged on the bottom plate, wherein the male die (1) has a displacement capable of moving up and down under the acting force of the stretch-forming device.
3. A skin stretch-forming die according to claim 2, wherein: the bottom plate (3) is provided with a plurality of guide posts (4) which are fixedly connected, the male die (1) is provided with guide holes matched with the guide posts, and the male die can move upwards along the guide posts through the guide holes under the action force of the stretch-forming device.
4. A skin stretch-forming die according to claim 2, wherein: the bottom plate (3) is provided with a plurality of ejector rod holes (10) which can penetrate through ejector rods of the stretch forming devices, and the ejector rods of the stretch forming devices are contacted with a male die plate through ejector rods Kong Dingzhu male dies in the pressing process of the female die mechanism.
5. A skin stretch-forming die according to claim 1, wherein: the female die mechanism comprises a curved female die (2) matched with the male die mechanism, and the female die (2) is provided with a pressing plate mechanism for clamping a skin to-be-machined piece.
6. A skin stretch-forming die according to claim 5, wherein: the pressing plate mechanism comprises a plurality of pressing plates, and the pressing plates fix the skin to-be-machined piece on the female die through connecting pieces, so that the skin to-be-machined piece is fixedly assembled between the pressing plates and the female die.
7. A skin stretch-forming die according to claim 6, wherein: the pressing plates comprise a first pressing plate (6) and a second pressing plate (8) which are assembled on the end face of the bottom of the female die, and a third pressing plate (5) and a fourth pressing plate (7) which are assembled on the lower portion of the female die and are close to the end face of the bottom, wherein the pressing plates are used for assembling skin to be processed between the pressing plates and the female die through bolts, a plurality of assembling grooves (9) are formed in the side walls of the two sides of the female die (2), and the side walls of the bottom of the assembling grooves (9) are fixedly connected with the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate respectively through bolts.
8. A skin stretch-forming die according to claim 7, wherein: end pressing plates used for aligning the female die and the male die before and after assembly are arranged on two end parts of the first pressing plate (6) and the second pressing plate (8), and the end pressing plates are detachably connected with the first pressing plate and the second pressing plate.
9. A skin stretch-forming die according to claim 1, wherein: in the step d, the die mechanism and the male die are assembled and aligned, a plurality of end pressing plates used for front and back alignment are connected to the die mechanism, alignment is carried out through the end pressing plates, and after assembly is completed, the end pressing plates are taken down.
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| CN201710939493.9A CN107649590B (en) | 2017-10-11 | 2017-10-11 | Skin stretch-forming die and stretch-forming method thereof |
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| CN201710939493.9A CN107649590B (en) | 2017-10-11 | 2017-10-11 | Skin stretch-forming die and stretch-forming method thereof |
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| CN107649590B true CN107649590B (en) | 2023-09-01 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108296402B (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2019-06-07 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of welding covering entirety isothermal thermal forming mold |
| CN108971355B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-12-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | method for eliminating wrinkling of large-curved-surface skin based on gradual-change gap mold |
| CN110394399A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-11-01 | 李�荣 | A kind of slab covering class component die |
| CN110936109A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-03-31 | 西安飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Large-size titanium alloy skin composite forming method |
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Address after: 618400 Sichuan Deyang Shifang Economic Development Zone (Ling Jie Park) blue sky Road No. 3 Patentee after: Sichuan Xinhang Titanium Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 618400 Sichuan Deyang Shifang Economic Development Zone (Ling Jie Park) blue sky Road No. 3 Patentee before: SICHUAN FUTURE AEROSPACE INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd. |