CN107644798A - Telescope imaging system and method - Google Patents
Telescope imaging system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107644798A CN107644798A CN201610577214.4A CN201610577214A CN107644798A CN 107644798 A CN107644798 A CN 107644798A CN 201610577214 A CN201610577214 A CN 201610577214A CN 107644798 A CN107644798 A CN 107644798A
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Abstract
The present invention, which provides a kind of telescope imaging system and method, the system, to be included：Filter acquisition subsystem, rotating mechanism subsystem and data reconstruction subsystem.Filtering acquisition subsystem includes：Grid are collimated, are filtered for the X ray by waving or rotating the collimation grid incident to target area x-ray source, to be formed in parallel with collimating grid, direct projection collimates the parallel X-ray beam of grid bottom surface；Detector, be connected with the bottom surface of the collimation grid, for progressively waving or rotating with collimating grid, the X ray source data of angle acquisition parallel X-ray beam one by one.Rotating mechanism subsystem is relatively fixed with filtering acquisition subsystem and is connected, for driving filtering acquisition subsystem to wave and rotation sweep target area.The data reconstruction subsystem communicates to connect with the detector, for the X ray source distribution according to the x-ray source data reconstruction in target area.The present invention is realized to the indirect imaging of sigmatron, is had the advantages that simple in construction, easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to astronomy high endothelial venules technical field, more particularly to a kind of telescope imaging system and side
Method.
Background technology
There is the celestial body of numerous transmitting sigmatrons, such as supernova outburst, neutron star and black-hole binary in universe to inhale
Product system, AGN, γ-ray burst X ray sunset glow, cosmic X-ray background etc., thus sigmatron telescope is research
One indispensable means of celestial body and universe development and evolution.It is traditional based on folding because the wavelength of sigmatron is extremely short
Penetrate, reflect and the optical telescope of diffraction is difficult to apply to sigmatron wave band.In low energy X ray generally use glancing incidence formula
Multi-layer mirror be focused imaging, in sigmatron wave band, the efficiency of multi-layer mirror with the reduction of wavelength and
Reduce, it is difficult to efficiently sigmatron (more than 20KeV) is focused and is imaged.
In order to carry out effective astronomical observation in sigmatron wave band, the non-focusing imaging indirectly of sigmatron wave band is hoped
Remote mirror is developed, and is modulated by the direction to incident X-rays, strength information, in the signal received of detector
Direction, the strength information of incident X-rays are contained simultaneously.Main modulator approach has code aperture method and collimation grid method.Before
X-ray beam of the person using one piece of encoding board modulation from target area incidence, and use one be separated by a distance with encoding board
The detector of two-dimensional array, the light intensity after the incident X-ray beam of detection different directions is encoded.The incident X of different directions is penetrated
Projection of the wire harness by encoding board on the detector is different, the light intensity collected according to detector, can reconstruct different directions
The stream of incident X-rays is strong.Encoding board coding techniques in the technology of code aperture is complicated, angular resolution and detection to encoding board
The spatial resolution requirements of device are all high, and equipment volume is huge.The latter is scanned using a collimation grid to target area, is visited
Survey the light intensity that device recorded with the change of collimation grid bearing to change, can be obtained by the change of this light intensity in target area
The information of x-ray source position and intensity.But pseudomorphism easily occurs in traditional method for reconstructing, identical data are using different sometimes
Algorithm and parameter can obtain different images, at this moment need to be compared to choose according to manual intervention to meet actual image.
The content of the invention
The brief overview on the present invention is given below, to provide the basic reason on certain aspects of the invention
Solution.It should be appreciated that this general introduction is not the exhaustive general introduction on the present invention.It is not intended to determine the key of the present invention
Or pith, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Its purpose only provides some concepts in simplified form, with
This is as the preamble in greater detail discussed later.
The present invention provides a kind of telescope imaging system and method being used for the indirect imaging of sigmatron.
The present invention provides a kind of telescope imaging system, including filtering acquisition subsystem, rotating mechanism subsystem and data
Rebuild subsystem.
The filtering acquisition subsystem includes：
Grid are collimated, were carried out for the X ray by waving or rotating the collimation grid incident to target area x-ray source
Filter, with the parallel X-ray beam for being formed in parallel with the collimation grid, grid bottom surface being collimated described in direct projection；
Detector, be connected with the bottom surface of the collimation grid, for progressively waving or rotating with the grid that collimate, angle one by one
Degree gathers the X ray source data of the parallel X-ray beam；
The rotating mechanism subsystem is relatively fixed with the filtering acquisition subsystem and is connected, for driving the filtering to adopt
Subsystem wave or rotation sweep described in target area；
The data reconstruction subsystem communicates to connect with the detector, for according to the x-ray source data reconstruction institute
State the X ray source distribution in target area.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a kind of telescope imaging method using above-mentioned telescope imaging system, including：
Rotating mechanism subsystem drive filtering acquisition subsystem waves or rotation sweep target area；
The scanning includes：The collimation grid are by waving or rotating to the incident collimation grid of target area x-ray source
X ray filtered, with the parallel X-ray beam for being formed in parallel with the collimation grid, grid bottom surface being collimated described in direct projection；With institute
State collimation grid progressively to wave or rotate, the X ray source data of detector parallel X-ray beam described in angle acquisition one by one；
X ray source distribution of the data reconstruction subsystem according to the x-ray source data reconstruction in target area.
The present invention also provides another telescope imaging system, including the parallel acquisition that multiple filtering acquisition subsystems are formed
Array of data system and a data reconstruction subsystem.
The filtering acquisition subsystem includes：
Grid are collimated, were carried out for the X ray by waving or rotating the collimation grid incident to target area x-ray source
Filter, with the parallel X-ray beam for being formed in parallel with the collimation grid, grid bottom surface being collimated described in direct projection；
Detector, be connected with the bottom surface of the collimation grid, for progressively waving or rotating with the grid that collimate, angle one by one
Degree gathers the X ray source data of the parallel X-ray beam；
The target area for the multiple respective alignment area of filtering acquisition subsystem union or common factor；Multiple collimations
Grid each along target area described in different angle of oscillation and rotation angular alignment, obtain the parallel X with the incident X ray of filtering and penetrated
Wire harness, each detector parallel X that each collimation grid corresponding to collection are formed simultaneously of the multiple collimation grid bottom surface connection are penetrated
The X ray source data of wire harness；
Detector of the data reconstruction subsystem respectively with the multiple filtering acquisition subsystem communicates to connect, for root
According to the X ray source distribution described in the x-ray source data reconstruction in target area.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a kind of telescope imaging method using above-mentioned another telescope imaging system,
Including：
The X ray source data of multiple filtering acquisition subsystem parallel acquisition target areas；
The parallel acquisition includes：The multiple collimation grid are each along target described in different angle of oscillation and rotation angular alignment
Region, so as to which X ray incident to target area x-ray source respectively filters, formed each parallel to collimation grid and direct projection
The parallel X-ray beam of each collimation grid bottom surface；Each detector of the multiple collimation grid bottom surface connection each gathers simultaneously corresponding to
The X ray source data for the parallel X-ray beam that collimation grid are formed；
Data reconstruction subsystem is according to the x-ray source data reconstruction that the multiple filtering acquisition subsystem each gathers
X ray source distribution in target area.
Telescope imaging system and method provided by the invention are filtered using grid are collimated to sigmatron, and are utilized
Detector gathers the X ray source data of target area, and embodiment has two kinds, and one kind is waved using rotating mechanism subsystem
Or the single filtering acquisition subsystem of rotation, realize the scanning collection to the X ray source data in whole target area；Another profit
Parallel acquisition target area x-ray source array of data system, each filtering collection are formed with multiple filtering acquisition subsystems
System each gathers the X ray source data in target area simultaneously, realizes to the fast of the X ray source data in whole target area
Speed collection, finally using data reconstruction subsystem according to the x-ray source data reconstruction that is gathered of filtering acquisition subsystem mesh
The X ray source distribution in region is marked, is realized to the indirect imaging of sigmatron.Telescope imaging system and method for the present invention have
The advantages that simple in construction, easy to operate.
Brief description of the drawings
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention, the above of the invention and its can be more readily understood that
Its objects, features and advantages.Part in accompanying drawing is intended merely to show the principle of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings, identical or similar
Technical characteristic or part will be represented using same or similar reference.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that acquisition subsystem is filtered in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is to collimate grid in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging system of the present invention to wave generation measurement angle seat around y-axis
Mark α axles.
Fig. 3 is to collimate grid in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging system of the present invention to wave generation measurement angle seat around x-axis
Mark β axles.
Fig. 4 is to determine incidence using measurement angle coordinate (α, β) in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging system of the present invention
Parallel X-ray beam the direction of propagation schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that rotating mechanism subsystem drives filtering collection subsystem in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging system of the present invention
Y-axis rocking scans of the system around measuring coordinate system and the schematic diagram around z-axis rotation sweep.
Fig. 6 is that multiple the parallel of filtering acquisition subsystems composition are adopted in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging system of the present invention
Collect array of data system schematic, each acquisition subsystem that filters is with different angle of oscillation and anglec of rotation alignment target region.Figure
The row index of middle array is i=0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, ± I, I=L/4h Δ α, Δ α shake between adjacent column
Pivot angle interval, L are collimation grid upper end open length, and h is collimation grid height, and the row index of array is j=0,1,2,
3, J, Angular spacing is rotated between adjacent lines.
Fig. 7 is that the geometry of measuring coordinate system and target-based coordinate system closes in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging method of the present invention
It is schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is grid and incident parallel X-ray beam are collimated in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging method of the present invention several
What relation schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is the curve synoptic diagram of width receptance function in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging method of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the curve synoptic diagram of length receptance function in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging method of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the curved surface schematic diagram of area response function in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging method of the present invention.
Figure 12 is that the fuzzy convolution function song of star artifact is eliminated in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging method of the present invention
Line schematic diagram.
Description of reference numerals：
11 collimation grid
13 detectors
Embodiment
Illustrate embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.Retouched in the accompanying drawing of the present invention or a kind of embodiment
The element and feature that the element and feature stated can be shown in one or more other accompanying drawings or embodiment are combined.Should
Work as attention, for purposes of clarity, eliminated in accompanying drawing and explanation known to unrelated to the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
Part and processing expression and description.
First embodiment
In the present embodiment, telescope imaging system of the present invention, including filtering acquisition subsystem, rotating mechanism subsystem
With data reconstruction subsystem.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that acquisition subsystem is filtered in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging system of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the filtering acquisition subsystem includes：
Grid 11 are collimated, for being carried out by waving or rotating to the X ray of the incident collimation grid 11 of target area x-ray source
Filter, to be formed in parallel with collimating grid 11, direct projection collimates the parallel X-ray beam of the bottom surface of grid 11；
Detector 13, be connected with the bottom surface for collimating grid 11, for progressively waving or rotating with collimating grid 11, angle one by one
Gather the X ray source data of the parallel X-ray beam.
The rotary subsystem is relatively fixed with the filtering acquisition subsystem and is connected, for driving filtering collection
System wave or rotation sweep described in target area.
The data reconstruction subsystem communicates to connect with detector 13, for according to the x-ray source data reconstruction
X ray source distribution in target area.
Preferably, collimation grid 11 are formed by multiple trapezoidal heavy sheet metals are arranged in parallel, every two pieces adjacent described trapezoidal heavy
Sheet metal forms a trapezoidal grid.
Preferably, the rotary subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to be shaken around an axle of measuring coordinate system
Pendulum or rotation sweep.
The measuring coordinate system is the three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system being fixed on the filtering acquisition subsystem, and origin is arranged on
The center of the bottom surface of grid 11 is collimated, the 3rd axle is perpendicular to the bottom surface of collimation grid 11.
Preferably, the rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to enter around an axle of measuring coordinate system
Row waves or rotation sweep includes：
The rotating mechanism subsystem drive the filtering acquisition subsystem around the first axle of the measuring coordinate system or
Second axle rocking scans；And/or
The rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to be revolved around the 3rd axle of the measuring coordinate system
Turn scanning.
Preferably, the rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to be rotated around the 3rd axle every time
After one step, drive the filtering acquisition subsystem around the first axle or the second axle progressively rocking scans until the detector
Scanning is to the target area in the first axle or two lateral boundaries of the second direction of principal axis.
Wherein, the filtering acquisition subsystem is 0 degree to 180 degree around the section of the 3rd axle rotation.
Fig. 2 is to collimate grid in telescope imaging system embodiment of the present invention to wave generation measurement angle coordinate α around y-axis
Axle.
Fig. 3 is to collimate grid in telescope imaging system embodiment of the present invention to wave generation measurement angle coordinate β around x-axis
Axle.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3,11 measuring coordinate system (x, y, z) is established on collimation grid, collimation grid wave rotation around y-axis
Turn, the first angle of oscillation is α, produces measurement angle coordinate α axles, rotation is waved around x-axis, and the second angle of oscillation is β, produces measurement angle
Spend coordinate β axles.α axles and β axles form measurement angle coordinate system.
In the present embodiment, it is parallel with the x-axis of measuring coordinate system to collimate the lower ending opening short side of grid 11, long side and measurement are sat
The y-axis of mark system is parallel, and collimation grid 11 are directed at the origin (α=0, β=0) of measurement angle coordinate system.
Fig. 4 is to determine incident put down using measurement angle coordinate (α, β) in telescope imaging system embodiment of the present invention
The schematic diagram of the direction of propagation of row X-ray beam.As shown in figure 4, it can now be determined with measurement angle coordinate (α, β) in target area
X-ray source penetrates the direction of propagation of the parallel X-ray beam come.
Fig. 5 is that rotating mechanism subsystem drives single filtering collection in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging system of the present invention
Y-axis rocking scans of the subsystem around measuring coordinate system and the schematic diagram around z-axis rotation sweep target area.
As shown in figure 5, in the present embodiment, the rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to surround
One axle of measuring coordinate system is waved or rotation sweep includes：
The rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to be waved around the y-axis of the measuring coordinate system and swept
Retouch；And/or
The rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to be swept around the z-axis rotation of the measuring coordinate system
Retouch.Specifically, when filtering acquisition subsystem around z-axis rotation, the measuring coordinate system is same with the filtering acquisition subsystem
Step rotation.
Present embodiment also includes a kind of telescope imaging method corresponding with above-mentioned telescope imaging system, methods described
Including：
S10：Rotating mechanism subsystem drive filtering acquisition subsystem waves or rotation sweep target area；
The scanning includes：Collimation grid 11 are penetrated by waving or rotating to the X of the incident collimation grid 11 of target area x-ray source
Line is filtered, and to be formed in parallel with collimating grid 11, direct projection collimates the parallel X-ray beam of the bottom surface of grid 11；With collimation grid 11 by
Step is waved or rotated, the X ray source data of the parallel X-ray beam described in angle acquisition one by one of detector 13；
S20：X ray source distribution of the data reconstruction subsystem according to the x-ray source data reconstruction in target area.
Preferably, the rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to enter around an axle of measuring coordinate system
Row waves or rotation sweep.
The measuring coordinate system is the three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system being fixed on the filtering acquisition subsystem, and origin is arranged on
The center of the bottom surface of grid 11 is collimated, the 3rd axle is perpendicular to the bottom surface of collimation grid 11.
Preferably, it is described wave or rotate include：
The rotating mechanism subsystem drive the filtering acquisition subsystem around the first axle of the measuring coordinate system or
Second axle waves；And/or
The rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to be revolved around the 3rd axle of the measuring coordinate system
Turn.
Preferably, it is described wave or rotate include：
The rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem after the 3rd axle rotates a step every time,
Drive the filtering acquisition subsystem around the first axle or the second axle progressively rocking scans until the detector scanning extremely
The target area is in the first axle or two lateral boundaries of the second direction of principal axis.
Wherein, the filtering acquisition subsystem is 0 degree to 180 degree around the section of the 3rd axle rotation.
Preferably, described in two-dimentional Radon inverse transformations of the data reconstruction subsystem based on the X ray source data is rebuild
X ray source distribution in target area.
Fig. 6 be a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging system of the present invention in using it is multiple filtering acquisition subsystems form and
The array system of row gathered data, it is each to filter acquisition subsystem showing with different angle of oscillation and anglec of rotation alignment target region
It is intended to.In embodiments, a height of h of the trapezoidal grid, upper end open and lower ending opening are rectangle, upper end open rectangle
A length of L, a width of w, lower ending opening rectangle are a length of l, a width of w.The row index of array is i=0 in figure, ± 1, ± 2, ±
3, ± I, I=L/4h Δ α, Δ α wave angular spacing between adjacent column, and the row index of array is j=0, and 1,
2,3, J, Angular spacing is rotated between adjacent lines.
The filtering acquisition subsystem includes：
Grid 11 are collimated, for being carried out by waving or rotating to the X ray of the incident collimation grid 11 of target area x-ray source
Filter, to be formed in parallel with collimating grid 11, direct projection collimates the parallel X-ray beam of the bottom surface of grid 11；
Detector 13, be connected with the bottom for collimating grid 11, for progressively waving or rotating with collimating grid 11, angle one by one
Gather the X ray source data of the parallel X-ray beam.
The target area for the multiple respective alignment area of filtering acquisition subsystem union or common factor.
Multiple collimation grid 11 are each along target area described in different angle of oscillation and rotation angular alignment, with the incident X of filtering
Ray obtains the parallel X-ray beam, and each collection is corresponding simultaneously for each detector 13 of the multiple collimation grid 11 bottom surface connection
The X ray source data of parallel X-ray beam that is formed of collimation grid 11.
Detector 13 of the data reconstruction subsystem respectively with the multiple filtering acquisition subsystem communicates to connect, and is used for
According to the X ray source distribution described in the x-ray source data reconstruction in target area.
Preferably, collimation grid 11 are formed by multiple trapezoidal heavy sheet metals are arranged in parallel, every two pieces adjacent described trapezoidal heavy
Sheet metal forms a trapezoidal grid.
Present embodiment also includes a kind of telescope imaging method corresponding with above-mentioned telescope imaging system, methods described
Including：
S50：The X ray source data of multiple filtering acquisition subsystem parallel acquisition target areas；
The parallel acquisition includes：The multiple collimation grid are each along target described in different angle of oscillation and rotation angular alignment
Region, so as to which X ray incident to target area x-ray source respectively filters, formed each parallel to collimation grid and direct projection
The parallel X-ray beam of each collimation grid bottom surface；Each detector of the multiple collimation grid bottom surface connection each gathers simultaneously corresponding to
The X ray source data for the parallel X-ray beam that collimation grid are formed；
S60：The x-ray source data reconstruction that data reconstruction subsystem each gathers according to the multiple filtering acquisition subsystem
X ray source distribution in the target area.
Preferably, the X ray source data that the data reconstruction subsystem is each gathered based on multiple filtering collecting units
The X ray source distribution that two-dimentional Radon inverse transformations are rebuild in the target area.
Above embodiments illustrate, invention using rotating mechanism subsystem to single filtering acquisition subsystem except being shaken
Outside the data in pendulum and rotation sweep collection target area internal X-ray source, rotating mechanism subsystem can also not had to, and by multiple mistakes
The parallel array system that filter acquisition subsystem is formed realizes the collection of the data in target area internal X-ray source, wherein each filtering
The collimation grid of acquisition subsystem are gathered in target area simultaneously with different angle of oscillation and anglec of rotation alignment target region, detector
The parallel X-ray beam data of each collimation grid filtering of x-ray source.The parallel array system tool that multiple filtering acquisition subsystems are formed
There is the advantage that dynamic observes whole target area.
Further, imaging method of the invention has the potentiality applied to neutron imaging field.
Fig. 7 is that the geometrical relationship of measuring coordinate system and target-based coordinate system is shown in telescope imaging method embodiment of the present invention
It is intended to.
As shown in fig. 7, object space coordinate system (x ', y ', z ') is established with same method, wherein where x ' axles and y ' axles
Plane is parallel with the target area plane observed.If the origin weight of the origin of object space coordinate system and measurement space coordinate system
Close.Angle on target coordinate system (α ', β ') is established with same method, any x-ray source rotates around y ' axles, produces angle on target
Coordinate α ' axles, rotated around x ' axles, produce angle on target coordinate β ' axles, α ' axles and β ' axles form angle on target coordinate system.Work as survey
Quantity space coordinate system (x, y, z) surrounds z-axis relative target regional space coordinate system (x ', y ', z ') anglec of rotationWhen, measurement angle
Coordinate system (α, β) while relative target angle coordinate system (α ', β ') anglec of rotationThus obtain, measurement angle coordinate (α, β) and
Transformational relation between angle on target coordinate (α ', β ')：
Fig. 8 is that the geometry that grid and incident parallel X-ray beam are collimated in telescope imaging method embodiment of the present invention closes
It is schematic diagram.
As shown in figure 8, in embodiments of the present invention, when parallel X-ray beam enters the trapezoidal grid of the collimation grid,
The trapezoidal grid upper end open receives incident X ray, and lower ending opening is connected with detector 13.The trapezoidal grid it is a height of
H, upper end open and lower ending opening are rectangle, and a length of L of upper end open rectangle, a width of w, lower ending opening rectangle is a length of l, a width of
w.Because the effect of trapezoidal grid so that the projection that the parallel X-ray beam incident from some directions obtains in trapezoidal grid bottom
Area is larger, and the parallel X-ray beam incident from other directions is smaller in the projected area that trapezoidal grid bottom obtains, thus
In the presence of an angle signal receptance function.Carry out deriving the angle signal receptance function below：
As angle of oscillation α=0, during β=0, trapezoidal grill openings rectangle short side is parallel with x-axis, and long side is parallel with y-axis, opening
Rectangle is vertical with z-axis.A parallel X-ray beam, its relative measurement coordinate system are injected in target area internal X-ray source to trapezoidal grid
The direction of (x, y, z) uses (α, β) to represent, as shown in Figure 4.It is clear that the parallel X-ray beam of vertical incidence can obtain most
Big detection area, and the parallel X-ray beam of other directions incidence increases with deviation angle, corresponding detection area becomes therewith
It is small.Therefore, the parallel X-ray beam come, the detection area obtained in trapezoidal grid bottom are penetrated in remote target area internal X-ray source
Become with incident angle, its area response function is：
Wherein, trapezoidal grid is in the width receptance function for waving angular direction：
Trapezoidal grid is being perpendicular to the length receptance function for waving angular direction：
In above-mentioned expression formula, when X (0) and Y (0) are respectively parallel X-ray beam vertical incidence, collimation grid bottom surface is parallel
Wave the response duration of angular direction and the response length of yawing angular direction.
Fig. 9 is the curve synoptic diagram of width receptance function in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging method of the present invention.Such as Fig. 9
Shown, the curve of width receptance function is the triangle that a base angular width is w/h.
Figure 10 is the curve synoptic diagram of length receptance function in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging method of the present invention.Such as figure
Shown in 10, the curve of length receptance function be a base angular width for (L+l)/h, a width of (the L-l)/h of top corner it is trapezoidal.
Figure 11 is the curved surface schematic diagram of area response function in a kind of embodiment of telescope imaging method of the present invention.Such as figure
Shown in 11, according to width receptance function and length receptance function, area response function A (tan α, tan β) can be drawn, be with
The function surface of tan α and tan β changes.
The visual angle of telescope, i.e. incident parallel X-ray beam and the angle of z-axis are represented with γ, according to Pythagorean theorem, is had：
The angle signal receptance function for filtering acquisition subsystem is equal to A (tan α, tan β) and cos γ product：
In actual use situation, trapezoidal grid geometric parameter meets w ＜ ＜ h, w ＜ ＜ L-l, l ＜ ＜ L conditions, and regards
Field is smaller, that is, angle of visual field γ smaller, according to expression formula (3), has：
According to expression formula (4), have：
According to expression formula (6), angle signal receptance function can be approximated to be area response function, i.e.,：
In expression formula (8), although having used l ＜ ＜ L, L-l ≈ L ≈ L+l conditions, l can not be too small, otherwise will lead
Cause the detector area of trapezoidal grid lower end too small.
As described above, during x-ray source of the telescope imaging system in present embodiment in the remote target area of observation,
Filter acquisition subsystem on the one hand to rotate with measuring coordinate system (x, y, z) together relative target coordinate system (x ', y ', z '), corner
ForOn the other hand filtering acquisition subsystem waves in measuring coordinate system (x, y, z) around y-axis, angle of oscillation α.Therefore, visit
Survey the signal that device receives at direction (α, β)For target area internal X-ray source angular spread function t (α, β) and filtering
The angle signal receptance function S (α, β) of the acquisition subsystem convolution along α axles, along the integration of β axles：
Expression formula (9) is substituted into expression formula (10), obtained：
Because | tan β | ＜ L/2h regions, Y (tan β)=Y (0), and | tan β | ＞ L/2h regions, Y (tan β)=0,
So the range of integration in expression formula (11) can be expanded to infinite, obtain：
Wherein,The one-dimensional convolution on α is represented,It is target area internal X-ray source distribution function t (α, β) edge
The integration in β directions,Integrations of the function p (α, β) along β directions is considered as, is obtained：
Wherein,The two-dimensional convolution on α and β is represented, p (α, β) is X (α)/X (0) inverse Abel conversion.It follows that
P (α, β) is the point spread function of telescope imaging, is made
And the relation converted according to one-dimensional integration and two-dimentional Radon, the right of expression formula (13) can be deformed into two dimension
Radon variations, are obtained：
Wherein δ () is Dirac function.According to expression formula (15), can obtainTwo-dimentional Radon inverse transformations
Expression formula is：
Wherein F and F-1One-dimensional Fourier transform and inverse transformation are represented respectively, ρ is angular frequency corresponding with angle coordinate α,
Ψ (α)=F-1[| ρ |] to eliminate the fuzzy convolution function of star artifact, its function curve is referring to Figure 12.
It should be noted that, although be infinite to α range of integration in expression formula (16), but actual collimation grid surround y
The angular range that axle waves determines by trapezoidal grid upper end open rectangle length L and grid height h, i.e., | α |≤arctan (L/
2h)。
Understood according to expression formula (14), p (α, β) is the point spread function of telescope imaging, determines the angular resolution of telescope
Rate.According to expression formula (13), have：
And have：
Thus obtaining p (α, β) isTwo-dimentional Radon inverse transformations.Therefore, the angular resolution for rebuilding star chart is improved
Rate, it must reduceThe halfwidth of curve, referring to Fig. 9.In the presence of two kinds of reductionsThe method of curve halfwidth,
One kind is to reduce collimating grid parameter w/h；The method that another kind improves the angular resolution of reconstruction image is to take between swing angle
Low-angle scanning is carried out every the step-length much smaller than w/h, and Rucy iterative method scheduling algorithm deconvolution can be passed throughObtain
High-resolution perspective view, then carry out Radon inverse transformations and recover the image angle-resolved less than collimation grid.
In summary, telescope imaging system and method provided by the invention are filtered using grid are collimated to sigmatron
Ripple, and have two kinds using detector collection X ray source data, embodiment, one kind is waved using rotating mechanism subsystem
And/or the single filtering acquisition subsystem of rotation, realize the scanning collection to the X ray source data in whole target area；It is another
The parallel array systems that kind is formed using multiple filtering acquisition subsystems, it is multiple to filter acquisition subsystems each while gather target
X ray source data in region, realize the parallel acquisition to the X ray source data in whole target area；Finally utilize data
Rebuild x-ray source point of the subsystem according to the x-ray source data reconstruction that filtering acquisition subsystem is gathered in target area
Cloth, finally realize to the indirect imaging of sigmatron.Telescope imaging system and method for the present invention have simple in construction, operation
The advantages that easy.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：It still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic；
And these modification or replace, do not make appropriate technical solution essence depart from various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme spirit and
Scope.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of telescope imaging system, it is characterised in that including filtering acquisition subsystem, rotating mechanism subsystem and data weight
Build subsystem；
The filtering acquisition subsystem includes：
Grid are collimated, are filtered for the X ray by waving or rotating the collimation grid incident to target area x-ray source,
With the parallel X-ray beam for being formed in parallel with the collimation grid, grid bottom surface being collimated described in direct projection；
Detector, it is connected with the bottom surface of the collimation grid, for progressively waving or rotating with the collimation grid, angle is adopted one by one
Collect the X ray source data of the parallel X-ray beam；
The rotating mechanism subsystem is relatively fixed with the filtering acquisition subsystem and is connected, for driving filtering collection
System wave or rotation sweep described in target area；
The data reconstruction subsystem communicates to connect with the detector, for the mesh according to the x-ray source data reconstruction
Mark the X ray source distribution in region.
2. telescope imaging system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the collimation grid are by multiple trapezoidal heavy metals
Piece composition arranged in parallel, the every two pieces adjacent trapezoidal heavy sheet metals form a trapezoidal grid.
3. telescope imaging system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in the rotating mechanism subsystem drives
Filtering acquisition subsystem is waved around an axle of measuring coordinate system or rotation sweep；
The measuring coordinate system is the three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system being fixed on the filtering acquisition subsystem, and origin is arranged on described
The center of grid bottom surface is collimated, the 3rd axle is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the collimation grid.
4. telescope imaging system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described in the rotating mechanism subsystem drives
Filtering acquisition subsystem is waved around an axle of measuring coordinate system or rotation sweep includes：
The rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem around the first axle or second of the measuring coordinate system
Axle rocking scans；And/or
The rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to be swept around the 3rd axle rotation of the measuring coordinate system
Retouch.
5. telescope imaging system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the rotating mechanism subsystem drives every time
The filtering acquisition subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to surround described first after the 3rd axle rotates a step
Axle or the second axle rocking scans until the detector scanning to the target area in the first axle or the second direction of principal axis
Two lateral boundaries；
Wherein, the filtering acquisition subsystem is 0 degree to 180 degree around the section of the 3rd axle rotation.
6. a kind of usage right requires the telescope imaging method of any one of the 1-5 telescope imaging system, it is characterised in that
Including：
Rotating mechanism subsystem drive filtering acquisition subsystem waves or rotation sweep target area；
The scanning includes：The collimation grid are penetrated by waving or rotating the X of the collimation grid incident to target area x-ray source
Line is filtered, with the parallel X-ray beam for being formed in parallel with the collimation grid, grid bottom surface being collimated described in direct projection；With the standard
Straight grid are progressively waved or rotated, the X ray source data of detector parallel X-ray beam described in angle acquisition one by one；
X ray source distribution of the data reconstruction subsystem according to the x-ray source data reconstruction in target area.
7. telescope imaging method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described in the rotating mechanism subsystem drives
Filtering acquisition subsystem is waved around an axle of measuring coordinate system or rotation sweep；
The measuring coordinate system is the three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system being fixed on the filtering acquisition subsystem, and origin is arranged on described
The center of grid bottom surface is collimated, the 3rd axle is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the collimation grid.
8. telescope imaging method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that it is described wave or rotate include：
The rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem around the first axle or second of the measuring coordinate system
Axle waves；And/or
The rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to be rotated around the 3rd axle of the measuring coordinate system.
9. telescope imaging method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that it is described wave or rotate include：
The rotating mechanism subsystem drives the filtering acquisition subsystem to be driven after the 3rd axle rotates a step every time
The filtering acquisition subsystem around the first axle or the second axle progressively rocking scans until the detector scanning to described
Target area is in the first axle or two lateral boundaries of the second direction of principal axis；
Wherein, the filtering acquisition subsystem is 0 degree to 180 degree around the section of the 3rd axle rotation.
10. telescope imaging method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the data reconstruction subsystem is based on institute
State the two-dimentional Radon inverse transformations of X ray source data, the X ray source distribution rebuild in the target area.
11. a kind of telescope imaging system, it is characterised in that including multiple filtering acquisition subsystems and a data reconstruction subsystem
System；
The filtering acquisition subsystem includes：
Grid are collimated, are filtered for the X ray by waving or rotating the collimation grid incident to target area x-ray source,
With the parallel X-ray beam for being formed in parallel with the collimation grid, grid bottom surface being collimated described in direct projection；
Detector, it is connected with the bottom surface of the collimation grid, for progressively waving or rotating with the collimation grid, angle is adopted one by one
Collect the X ray source data of the parallel X-ray beam；
The target area for the multiple respective alignment area of filtering acquisition subsystem union or common factor；Multiple collimation grid are each
From along target area described in different angle of oscillation and rotation angular alignment, the parallel X-ray is obtained with the X ray that filtering is incident
Beam, each detector parallel X-ray that each collimation grid corresponding to collection are formed simultaneously of the multiple collimation grid bottom surface connection
The X ray source data of beam；
Detector of the data reconstruction subsystem respectively with the multiple filtering acquisition subsystem communicates to connect, for according to institute
State the X ray source distribution in target area described in x-ray source data reconstruction.
12. telescope imaging system according to claim 11, it is characterised in that the collimation grid are by a multiple trapezoidal huge sum of moneys
Belong to piece composition arranged in parallel, the every two pieces adjacent trapezoidal heavy sheet metals form a trapezoidal grid.
13. telescope imaging system according to claim 11, it is characterised in that the multiple filtering acquisition subsystem structure
Into a parallel acquisition array of data system.
14. a kind of usage right requires the telescope imaging method of any one of the 10-13 telescope imaging system, its feature exists
In, including：
The X ray source data of multiple filtering acquisition subsystem parallel acquisition target areas；
The parallel acquisition includes：The multiple collimation grid are each along target area described in different angle of oscillation and rotation angular alignment
Domain, so as to which X ray incident to target area x-ray source respectively filters, it is formed in parallel with each collimation grid and each standard of direct projection
The parallel X-ray beam of straight grid bottom surface；Each detector of the multiple collimation grid bottom surface connection collimates each gather simultaneously corresponding to
The X ray source data for the parallel X-ray beam that grid are formed；
Data reconstruction subsystem target according to the x-ray source data reconstruction of the multiple filtering acquisition subsystem parallel acquisition
X ray source distribution in region.
15. telescope imaging method according to claim 14, it is characterised in that the data reconstruction subsystem is based on institute
The two-dimentional Radon inverse transformations of each X ray source data of multiple filtering acquisition subsystem parallel acquisitions are stated, rebuild the target area
Interior X ray source distribution.
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