CN107643539A - A kind of method that strong screen layer is peeled off based on the analysis of coal seam seismic response features - Google Patents
A kind of method that strong screen layer is peeled off based on the analysis of coal seam seismic response features Download PDFInfo
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- CN107643539A CN107643539A CN201610581152.4A CN201610581152A CN107643539A CN 107643539 A CN107643539 A CN 107643539A CN 201610581152 A CN201610581152 A CN 201610581152A CN 107643539 A CN107643539 A CN 107643539A
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of method for peeling off strong screen layer based on the analysis of coal seam seismic response features, comprises the following steps：Spectrum analysis is carried out to geological data, determines earthquake basic frequency of signal and frequency band range；Layer position time-tracking is carried out to strong screen layer；Calculate geological data instantaneous attribute value, the initial gauges factor as match tracing；Ask for wavelet amplitude<f,gγ0>, carry out wavelet matching analysis；Strong screen layer stripping is carried out using multiple tracks Dynamic Matching method for tracing.Latent effective weak signal can be protruded after peeling off strong shielding using this method, more effective data is provided for latter earthquake reservoir prediction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geology and oil-gas seismic exploration development field, in particular it relates to which a kind of rung based on coal seam
The method for answering signature analysis to peel off strong screen layer.
Background technology
Coal measure strata is generally developed in China Midwest and other numerous sedimentary basins of the world, the presence meeting of coal measure strata
Extremely strong screen effect is formed to underlying strata, cause coal seam nearby stratum earthquake reflected wave be submerged in coal seam strong reflection it
In, and be difficult to and explain, the Seismic Sedimentology to stratum near coal seam is explained and oil-gas exploration and development reservoir prediction is brought
Have a strong impact on, disturbed therefore, it is necessary to take technical measures to suppress or peel off the strong shielding in coal seam etc..
Widess criterions point out that the earthquake reflected wave from stratum top, bottom interface can produce when formation thickness is less than λ/4
Interfere, cause the superimposion of seismic waveform, so as to can not correctly pick up stratum top, bottom interface reflection from seismic profile
Time.And coal seam is caused to produce obvious resistance with upper and lower stratum when thin layer overlying coal seam, the characteristics of coal seam low speed, low-density
Robust is different, and stronger screen effect can be produced to seismic reservoir reflected amplitude, frequency and polarity, forms strong amplitude, height continuously
Reflection line-ups are shaken, the at this moment presence in coal seam causes the superposition of Widess thin layers earthquake reflected wave, interference theory and do not applied to.And
And the gradual change of coal seam time thickness and the distance of coal seam and thin layer all can be to thin reservoir identification produce compared with strong jamming, coal seam
When relatively thin, there is polarity inversion in low-frequency range；When coal seam transverse gage changes greatly, obtained thickness of thin layer information simultaneously can not
Lean on；Coal seam apart from thin layer it is nearer when, thin layer top low interface occur polarity inversion when wavelet frequency it is higher.Earthquake is caused in coal seam simultaneously
Data dominant frequency is low, resolution ratio is low, and this undoubtedly increases the difficulty of Fine structural interpretation；Therefore, coal seam seismic response features are divided
Analyse and select rational processing means carry out coal seam shield by force peel off it is most important.
Mallat etc. proposed match tracing (Matching Pursuit, MP) algorithm in 1993 first；
Chakraborty etc. first applies MP algorithms in seismic signal analysis in nineteen ninety-five, and discuss the algorithm when frequency division
Advantage in terms of resolution；J.L Liu etc. discussed the matching pursuit algorithm based on Ricker wavelet time-frequency atom storehouse in 2004, and
And propose first using seismic signal three wink the attribute method of pre-estimating atomic parameter, substantially reduce search atom
Amount of calculation；The match tracing decomposition method and trial that Yanghua Wang proposed free scale in 2007 are applied to strong screen
Cover stripping (Wang Yanghua.Seismic time-frequency spectral decomposition by matching
Pursuit.Geophysics, 2007,72 (1)：v13-v20)；Zhang Junhua etc. proposes a kind of multiple wavelet for 2012 and decomposed and again
The strong shielding stripping means of structure, the method that this method is decomposed and reconstructed using multiple wavelet, it is one kind that feature based value is decomposed
Nonlinear filtering, by choosing the optimal wavelet of a certain centre frequency and certain bandwidth corresponding to strong screen layer wave field, to disappear
Remove or weaken screen layer to transonic influence of underliing；Li Haishan in 2014 utilizes the separation coal seam strong reflection of match tracing method
(Li Haishan, Yang Wuyang, field army etc., match tracing coal seam strong reflection separation method, geophysical prospecting for oil, 2014,49 (5)：
866-870)。
Coal seam stripping means generally existing efficiency is low at present, calculates the problem of memory consumption is big, while do not account for shielding by force
The fluctuations of the transverse structure form of layer are covered, peeling off makes data lateral continuity be deteriorated during shielding by force, influence later stage category
Property analysis and inverting precision.
The content of the invention
The problem of for lateral continuity in strong shielding stripping process and low treatment effeciency, it is strong that the present invention proposes coal seam
Screen layer peels off correction processing method, for eliminating reflections affect of the strong screen layer to underlying strata.Ring in coal measure strata
On the basis of answering characteristic synthetic to analyze and explain, strong screen layer is carried out using layer control multiple tracks Dynamic Matching method for tracing and peels off school
Just, add on the basis of original four parameters match tracing and controlled by the layer position of Fine structural interpretation, while utilize new instantaneous attribute
Analysis mode asks for the wavelet original frequency for seismic channel Dynamic Matching, improves treatment effeciency；Utilize three seismic channels or five
Individual seismic channel, which is combined, to be asked for matching wavelet, the discontinuity between reducing to a certain extent.Strong screen is peeled off using this method
Latent effective weak signal can be protruded after covering, more effective data is provided for latter earthquake reservoir prediction.
The invention provides a kind of method for peeling off strong screen layer based on the analysis of coal seam seismic response features, including following step
Suddenly：
Spectrum analysis is carried out to geological data, determines earthquake basic frequency of signal and frequency band range；
Layer position time-tracking is carried out to strong screen layer；
Calculate geological data instantaneous attribute value, the initial gauges factor as match tracing；
Ask for wavelet amplitudeCarry out wavelet matching analysis；
Strong screen layer stripping is carried out using multiple tracks Dynamic Matching method for tracing.
Further, this method verifies the validity of strong screen layer stripping using Sparse Pulse Inversion impedance analysis.
Further, layer position time-tracking is carried out to strong screen layer, when providing initial time shift for match tracing and confining
Between scope.
Further, calculating geological data instantaneous attribute value includes, and it is instantaneous to ask for geological data using complex seismic trace
Phase, first phase place value is provided for match tracing；Seismic data instantaneous frequency value is obtained using time-domain derivative operation, is chased after for matching
The strong screen layer of track, which is peeled off, provides initial frequency value.
Further, the process for calculating geological data instantaneous attribute value is as follows：
Seismic signal x (t) is converted into analytic signal c (x) by Hilbert conversion, by normalization and time-domain
Signal real and imaginary parts derivation abbreviation draws the solution mode of instantaneous frequency：
Seismic signal is converted into analytic signal by Hilbert conversion, such as formula (2)：
Wherein instantaneous amplitude be signal envelope for e (t)=| c (x) |, instantaneous phase isWink
When frequency
Further, the formula of multiple tracks Dynamic Matching method for tracing is expressed as：
Wherein f be Hilbert space in arbitrary signal,For the residual error and the 1st after the 1st iteration
The inner product of selected basic function, R during secondary iteration1F is residual error caused by first time iteration, while R1F is also that f existsIt is upper near
Residual error like after, and R1F andIt is orthogonal, meets：
After m iteration, obtain：
RmF is last residual error item, that is, removes remaining seismic signal after strong shielding.
Further, before spectrum analysis is carried out to geological data, below equation synthetic seismogram is passed through：
S (t) is synthetic seismogram, and w (t) is wavelet, r (t) stratum reflectance factor, and * represents convolution.
Further, by the way of multiple tracks Mean match, combined using three seismic channels or five seismic channels and asked for
With wavelet.Ask for wavelet amplitudeCarry out wavelet matching analysis
Further, the average value of seismic target earthquakes road periphery L track datas is calculated first, average seismic channel is obtained, adjacent
Seismic channel information, which is added to, to be asked in formula, the parameter of wavelet four after calculation optimization.
It is special to be peeled off the invention provides a kind of strong screen layer of seismic data based on the analysis of coal seam seismic response features
Processing method, explained for Seismic Sedimentology and reservoir prediction provides more effective data.
Brief description of the drawings
Disclosure illustrative embodiments are described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the disclosure above-mentioned and its
Its purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein, in disclosure illustrative embodiments, identical reference number
Typically represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows that layer control multiple tracks Dynamic Matching follows the trail of the flow chart that strong screen layer is peeled off.
Fig. 2 shows real data section and spectrum analysis figure, wherein 2 (a) is seismic profile, 2 (b) is the time
The more seismic channel spectrograms of 1000-2000ms, 2 (c) are the more seismic channel spectrograms of time 1400-1600ms, and 2 (d) is time 1400-
The mono- seismic channel spectrograms of 1550ms.
Fig. 3 shows instantaneous attribution analysis, wherein 3 (a) is actual seismic road, main value phase, solution twine phase, 3 (b) is wink
When frequency diagram.
Fig. 4 shows that match tracing peels off strong shielding profile, wherein dominant frequency scanning range 12-25Hz, phasescan model
0-1.57, scale factor 0.55 are enclosed, 4 (a) is original seismic profile, and 4 (b) is strong screen layer (coal seam), and 4 (c) is strong screen layer
Seismic profile after stripping.
Wave impedance is along layer average comparison diagram before and after Fig. 5 shows strong shielding, wherein 5 (a) is to go wave impedance before strong shielding
Along layer average (25-30ms under T9b), 5 (b) is goes after strong shielding wave impedance along layer average (25-30ms under T9b).
Embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although the disclosure is shown in accompanying drawing
Preferred embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without the embodiment party that should be illustrated here
Formula is limited.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure is more thorough and complete, and can be by the disclosure
Scope is intactly communicated to those skilled in the art.
The present invention proposes the strong screen layer such as coal seam and a kind of seismic data of underlying strata reflections affect is suppressed or peeled off
Correction processing method.On the basis of coal measure strata seismic response features comprehensive analysis and explanation, using layer control multiple tracks dynamic
Strong screen layer is carried out with method for tracing and peels off correction, and the layer by Fine structural interpretation is added on the basis of original four parameters match tracing
Position control, while the wavelet original frequency for seismic channel Dynamic Matching is asked for using new instantaneous attribution analysis mode, utilize
Three seismic channels or five seismic channels, which are combined, to be asked for matching wavelet, the discontinuity between reducing to a certain extent.Utilize
This method can protrude latent effective weak signal after peeling off strong shielding, and more effective money is provided for latter earthquake reservoir prediction
Material.
The present disclosure proposes a kind of method for peeling off strong screen layer based on the analysis of coal seam seismic response features, including following step
Suddenly：
Spectrum analysis is carried out to geological data, determines earthquake basic frequency of signal and frequency band range；
Layer position time-tracking is carried out to strong screen layer；
Calculate geological data instantaneous attribute value, the initial gauges factor as match tracing；
Ask for wavelet amplitudeCarry out wavelet matching analysis；
Strong screen layer stripping is carried out using multiple tracks Dynamic Matching method for tracing.
Preferably, before spectrum analysis is carried out to geological data, synthetic seismogram is carried out first.For example, analysis well
Curve, formation velocity and density value are obtained, synthetic seismogram calculating is carried out using speed density value, then cutd open according to even well
Face design is free of coal seam and model containing coal seam.For example, selecting company's well profile during modelling first, drawing tools is utilized
Simulated section lineups are moved towards, and then using well logging sonic differential time data calculating speed value, lineups are converted into speed
The stratum of value and density value.Then coal seam forward modeling is carried out according to the model of design, influence of the analysis coal seam to target interval, is
Strong shielding stripping lays the first stone caused by follow-up actual seismic data coal seam identification and coal seam, and the purpose to design a model is to pass through
The synthetic seismogram containing coal seam and without coal seam is contrasted to illustrate the influence of strong screen layer and peel off necessity of strong screen layer
Property.
Synthetic seismogram uses below equation：
S (t) is synthetic seismogram, and w (t) is wavelet, r (t) stratum reflectance factor, and * represents convolution.
Next, analysis seismic data frequency spectrum and wave character, obtain the essential informations such as data dominant frequency, the work of dominant frequency information
With the scope for being control match tracing original frequency parameter.Layer position time-tracking is carried out to strong screen layer, is provided for match tracing
Initial time shift and strong axle time range is confined, the interative computation time is matched to reduce；Earthquake is asked for using complex seismic trace
Data instantaneous phase provides first phase place value for match tracing；Obtaining seismic data instantaneous frequency value using time-domain derivative operation is
Match tracing shields by force stripping and provides initial frequency value, improves the operational efficiency of match tracing.Instantaneous frequency is solved when can utilize
Between domain derivation mode, avoid instantaneous phase derivation from obtaining instantaneous frequency and the problem of negative value be present.
The present invention is while instantaneous being solved using instantaneous phase by studying main value phase and solution twines difference between phase
On the basis of frequency principle, attempt to obtain instantaneous frequency using the complex seismic trace passage time domain derivation after standardization.Main value phase
Position (winding phase)：Due to the periodicity of complex signal phase, the instantaneous phase directly asked for is located at [0,2 π], is rolled over by the cycle
Phase after folded, the phase value in the section is main value phase, and there is π integral multiple difference between true phase for it.Solution
Twine phase：Containing abundant information in phase spectrum, but because periodicity causes phase spectrum that discontinuous mutation occurs, it is difficult to extract it
In contained useful information；Again because instantaneous frequency is the differential of instantaneous phase, main value phase makes instantaneous frequency not connect
It is mutated at continuous point, and negative anomaly phenomenon is present, it is therefore desirable to which carrying out solution to instantaneous phase twines, and recovers the cycle being folded.One
As think in solution twines phase, half period is not to be exceeded in the difference between two neighboring phase, i.e., no more than π.If adjacent phase
Potential difference then carries out unwrapping more than π by integrating.
Instantaneous frequency solution procedure is as follows：
Seismic signal x (t) is converted into analytic signal c (x) by Hilbert conversion first, by normalization with timely
Between domain signal real and imaginary parts derivation abbreviation draw the solution mode of instantaneous frequency, solution procedure is as follows：
Seismic signal is converted into analytic signal by Hilbert conversion, such as formula (2)：
Wherein instantaneous amplitude be signal envelope for e (t)=| c (x) |, instantaneous phase isWink
When frequencyFormula (2) analytic signal is standardized, obtains formula (3)：
Wherein
Then to real part b (t) and imaginary part a (t) derivations respectively, formula such as formula (4)：
Real and imaginary parts derivative is combined to obtain formula (5)：
Instantaneous frequency can be empty by the real part b (t) after standardization, imaginary part a (t) and real part it can be seen from formula (5)
The derivative in portion is solved.Final formula such as formula (6)：
For instantaneous frequency, b'(t) derivative that is normalized signal real part b (t), a'(t) it is normalized signal imaginary part a
(t) derivative.The solution mode of instantaneous frequency is drawn by (1)-(6) derivation of equation：
Write formula (7) as matrix form：
F=D-1n (8)
Wherein F is instantaneous frequency vector, and the diagonal matrix that D expressions (7) denominator is formed, -1 represents the inverse of D, and n is formula (7)
The vector that molecule is formed.In order to prevent from being removed by 0 and eliminate as much as negative value, add small disturbance quantity ε when solving (8) on D, obtain
Instantaneous frequency solution formula：
Finst=(D+ ε I)-1n (9)
ε is a small constant, and I is unit diagonal matrix.After adding disturbance quantity, negative frequency value is obviously reduced, Ke Yiwei
Match tracing provides accurate initial frequency value, improves computing stability and computational efficiency.
After obtaining initial value (information such as instantaneous phase, instantaneous frequency), shielded by force for coal seam and cover seismic signal and ask
Topic, strong shielding is carried out using multiple tracks Dynamic Matching method for tracing and peeled off.Matching pursuit algorithm fundamental formular is expressed as：
Wherein f be Hilbert space in arbitrary signal,For the residual error the 1st time after the 1st iteration
The inner product of selected basic function, R during iteration1F is residual error caused by first time iteration, while R1F is also that f existsUpper approximation
Residual error afterwards, and R1F andIt is orthogonal, meets：
After m iteration, obtain：
RmF is last residual error item, that is, removes remaining seismic signal after strong shielding.
Impedance analysis is carried out finally by the inverting of sound wave curve constrained sparse spike inversion, verifies the validity of the invention.Pass through
Wave resistance antibody is extracted in constrained sparse spike inversion inverting, and Contrast on effect is carried out along layer impedance by contrasting section and extraction, stronger
The corresponding situation of impedance value and well point before and after coal seam is peeled off, so as to the reliability of verification method.
The present invention is combined using three seismic channels or five seismic channels by the way of multiple tracks Mean match and is asked for matching
Ripple, i.e., the average value of seismic target earthquakes road periphery L (L takes three or five) track data is calculated first, obtain average seismic channel, with
Single track is different, when multiple tracks method parameter is asked for, adjacent seismic channel information is all added to and asks for formula, is counted using formula (13)
Calculate the parameter of wavelet four after optimization：
Amplitude parameter is estimated with formula (14)：
Discontinuity between reducing to a certain extent.
Reference picture 1 describes one embodiment of the present of invention, and specific implementation step is as follows：
Original earthquake data is obtained first, and spectrum analysis is carried out to geological data, determines earthquake basic frequency of signal and frequency band
Scope；
Next pickup destination layer position, the time-tracking pickup of layer position is carried out to strong screen layer and is explained (using seismic data
Interpretation software carries out horizon picking), shift time when being provided for match tracing, save matching search time；
Instantaneous attribute value is calculated, such as instantaneous frequency values are asked for by formula (9), initial frequency value is provided for match tracing, and
Calculate instantaneous phase and provide initial phase value for match tracing, as the initial gauges factor；
Wavelet amplitudeAsk for, wavelet matching analysis, carrying out strong shielding by formula (12) peels off；
Residual error RmF reconstruct (subtracts caused matching wavelet in the iteration to be reconstructed) using previous step data, output knot
Fruit, realize that seismic data layer control multiple tracks Dynamic Matching is followed the trail of strong screen layer and peeled off；
Sparse Pulse Inversion impedance analysis verifies the validity of the invention.
For ease of understanding the scheme of the embodiment of the present invention and its effect, a concrete application example given below.This area
It should be understood to the one skilled in the art that the example, only for the purposes of understanding the present invention, its any detail is not intended to be limited in any way
The system present invention.
In order to illustrate operability of the present invention, certain work area seismic data of poststack containing coal seam is selected to carry out Treatment Analysis.First
Seismic data frequency spectrum and wave character are analyzed, work area seismic data dominant frequency information is obtained, as shown in Fig. 2 geological data dominant frequency
20Hz, frequency band range 5-60Hz；Layer position time-tracking is carried out to strong screen layer, geological data wink is asked for using complex seismic trace
Shi Xiangwei, it is that formula (9) obtains the instantaneous frequency values of geological data, instantaneous phase and instantaneous frequency using time-domain derivative operation
Shown in rate such as Fig. 3 (a) (b), shield shift time, initial phase and initial frequency value when stripping provides by force for match tracing, carry
The operational efficiency of high match tracing；After obtaining initial value, shielded by force for coal seam and cover seismic signal problem, moved using multiple tracks
State match tracing method carries out strong shielding and peeled off, and peel results are as shown in Figure 4.After target processing is peeled off in too strong shielding, obtain
New seismic data cube, condition is provided for next step reservoir prediction；.
Fig. 5 is sound wave curve constrained sparse spike inversion inverting impedance analysis figure, verifies the validity of the invention.Finally give as
Impedance horizon slice shown in Fig. 5 (a) (b), impedance horizon slice and Fig. 5 (b) are strong shielding strippings before Fig. 5 (a) peels off for strong shielding
From rear impedance horizon slice, compare Fig. 5 (a) (b) and carried out with well point corresponding as can be seen that through the too strong resistance shielded after peeling off
Anti-cut corresponding with well point preferable, by comprehensive analysis Fig. 5 (b), can preferably divide reservoir scope, improve reservoir prediction
Precision.
It is described above the presently disclosed embodiments, described above is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.In the case of without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes will be apparent from for the those of ordinary skill in art field.The selection of term used herein, purport
Best explaining the principle of each embodiment, practical application or to the technological improvement in market, or make the art its
Its those of ordinary skill is understood that each embodiment disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. method that strong screen layer is peeled off based on the analysis of coal seam seismic response features, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Spectrum analysis is carried out to geological data, determines earthquake basic frequency of signal and frequency band range；Layer position time-tracking is carried out to strong screen layer；Calculate geological data instantaneous attribute value, the initial gauges factor as match tracing；Ask for wavelet amplitudeCarry out wavelet matching analysis；Strong screen layer stripping is carried out using multiple tracks Dynamic Matching method for tracing.
- 2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that this method further comprises utilizing Sparse Pulse Inversion impedance The validity that strong screen layer is peeled off is verified in analysis.
- 3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that layer position time-tracking is carried out to strong screen layer, is chased after for matching Track provides initial time shift and confines time range.
- 4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that calculating geological data instantaneous attribute value includes, using multiple Geological data instantaneous phase is asked in shake trace analysis, and first phase place value is provided for match tracing；Obtain ground using time-domain derivative operation Data instantaneous frequency values are shaken, is peeled off for the strong screen layer of match tracing and initial frequency value is provided.
- 5. according to the method for claim 4, it is characterised in that the process for calculating geological data instantaneous attribute value is as follows：Seismic signal x (t) is converted into analytic signal c (x) by Hilbert conversion, by normalization and time-domain signal Real and imaginary parts derivation abbreviation draws the solution mode of instantaneous frequency：Seismic signal is converted into analytic signal by Hilbert conversion, such as formula (2)：Wherein instantaneous amplitude be signal envelope for e (t)=| c (x) |, instantaneous phase isInstantaneous frequency Rate
- 6. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the formula of multiple tracks Dynamic Matching method for tracing is expressed as：Wherein f be Hilbert space in arbitrary signal,Changed for the residual error after the 1st iteration and the 1st time For when selected basic function inner product, R1F is residual error caused by first time iteration, while R1F is also that f existsAfter upper approximation Residual error, and R1F andIt is orthogonal, meets：After m iteration, obtain：RmF is last residual error item, that is, removes remaining seismic signal after strong shielding.
- 7. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that to geological data carry out spectrum analysis before, by with Lower formula synthetic seismogram：S (t) is synthetic seismogram, and w (t) is wavelet, r (t) stratum reflectance factor, and * represents convolution.
- 8. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that by the way of multiple tracks Mean match, utilize three earthquakes Road or five seismic channels, which are combined, to be asked for matching wavelet.Ask for wavelet amplitudeCarry out wavelet matching analysis.
- 9. according to the method for claim 8, it is characterised in that calculate being averaged for seismic target earthquakes road periphery L track datas first Value, average seismic channel is obtained, adjacent seismic channel information is added to and asked in formula, the parameter of wavelet four after calculation optimization.
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Application publication date: 20180130 |