CN107642376A - A kind of laser drilling cuts integration and strengthens gas drainage system and method - Google Patents
A kind of laser drilling cuts integration and strengthens gas drainage system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107642376A CN107642376A CN201710865097.6A CN201710865097A CN107642376A CN 107642376 A CN107642376 A CN 107642376A CN 201710865097 A CN201710865097 A CN 201710865097A CN 107642376 A CN107642376 A CN 107642376A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of laser drilling and cuts integration reinforcing gas drainage system and method.For the characteristics of China's coal seam gas-bearing capacity is high, gas permeability is low, and the advantages of being cut by laser efficiency high, high directivity is combined, will be cut by laser in the efficient extraction of gas applied to underground coal mine low air permeability coal seam.The system can realize the institutional operation of drilling and coal seam cutting, significantly improve efficiency of construction；And the synergy of release and heat drive can be given full play to, the slot for being cut by laser formation is capable of the confined pressure of effective removal coal body, and induced with laser high temperature action, the temperature of coal body can be significantly improved, reduce the absorption potential of coal-bed gas, promote the fast desorption of coal-bed gas, significantly reduce the gas remainder quantity in coal seam, so as to realize the gas pumping efficiency for improving low air permeability coal seam and the purpose for effectively preventing and treating low air permeability coal seam Gas Disaster.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Coal Mining Technology field.
Background technology
China's coal seam permeability is mainly distributed on 0.01 × 10-15~5 × 10-15m2It is interior, than external identical coal rank coal seam reservoirs
Low 1~2 order of magnitude of permeability, low permeability is one of significant challenge of the efficient extraction of China's coal-bed gas.With colliery
The extension of mining depth, the problems such as gas pumping efficiency caused by coal seam permeability is low is low and Gas Disaster is dangerous big, are increasingly convex
It is aobvious.Therefore, strengthening anti-reflection turn into improves gas pumping effect, realizes the key of deep coal and gas power phenomenon and Gas Disaster prevention and control
One of technology.
At present, strengthening the core concept of anti-reflection method mainly includes：1. rupture coal body construction gas migration passage.Such as water
The instrumentalitys such as water under high pressure, explosive, electric pulse are respectively adopted in power measure, Deephole pre-splitting blasting, electric detonation shake etc. forces in coal body
It produces new crack and drives initial fissure to extend, and Fracture Networks are formed in coal body, favourable passage is provided for gas migration；②
Occupy adsorption potential displacement gas.For example with CO2、N2Deng gas displacement coal-bed gas.Although the former can be carried out to coal-bed gas
Effectively take out in advance, coal seam gas-bearing capacity is reduced to below critical value, but more gas is still had in coal seam, this is not only not
Occur when can realize the maximization harvesting of coal-bed gas resource, and be likely to result in coal seam back production because gas emission is larger
The problems such as gas exceeding limit.The latter because after displacement Coal Seam Outburst Hazard fail eliminate and more suitable for the gas in unworkable coal seam
Resource harvests.
The content of the invention
The present invention disclose a kind of laser drilling and cuts integration reinforcing gas drainage system and method, and this method is particularly suitable for use in coal
The efficient extraction of the gas of high gassy and low permeability coal seam under mine.
To realize that the technical scheme that the object of the invention uses is such, a kind of laser drilling is cut integration reinforcing gas and taken out
Extraction system, it is characterised in that:Mainly include pressure air pipe, pressure air pipe valve, laser generator, rig, gas-slag separation device, brill
Bar, orifice sealing device, optical fiber, drill bit, gas pumping pipeline and gas pumping pipeline valve.
The pressure air pipe is connected with rig.The pressure air pipe is provided with pressure air pipe valve.The rig, which drives, to be bored
Bar drill enters.The drilling rod is hollow, that is, has the axial passage for accommodating optical fiber.Described drilling rod one end connects drill bit.The drill bit
Surface inserting has some laser heads.The laser generator launches laser.The laser imports institute by the optical fiber inside drilling rod
State laser head.When the drill bit is crept into coal seam or rock stratum, coal body or rock mass around the laser directive drill bit.
The orifice sealing device is a tubular body.The front opening of the orifice sealing device, and it is fixed on drilling hole oral pore
On wall, rear end is connected with gas-slag separation device.The drilling rod can be stretched into inside orifice sealing device from the rear end of orifice sealing device, and
Into the drilling drilling.
In gas-slag separation, pass through the gas pumping pipeline gas pumping.The gas pumping pipeline is provided with gas and taken out
Adopt pipeline valve.
Further, the laser generator is connected by fibre-optical splice I with fibre-optical splice II or fibre-optical splice III.
Fibre-optical splice II and fibre-optical splice III is connected with optical splitter IV and optical splitter V respectively by optical fiber.Optical splitter I leads to
Cross optical fiber to be connected with shaft orientation laser head I and shaft orientation laser head II, optical splitter II passes through optical fiber and lateral laser head I and lateral laser
Head II connections.
The shaft orientation laser head I, shaft orientation laser head II, lateral laser head I and lateral laser head II are the drill bits
The laser head of surface inserting.
Further, it is provided with atomizer on described gas-slag separation device.The distinguished and admirable cutting carring that drill bit sprays enters gas
During pulp separator, the water smoke that atomizer sprays catches landwaste, and air-flow is then by extraction.
Further, the drill bit (9) is symmetrically arranged at the front end with spray-hole (9-7).
Integration, which is cut, invention additionally discloses the laser drilling based on said system strengthens gas pumping method, it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps：
1) fibre-optical splice I and fibre-optical splice II is connected, starts rig and laser generator, rig drives drill bit drilling, shape
Aperture on coal seam or palisades.
2) laser generator and pressure air pipe valve are closed, rig drives drill bit to exit drilling, closes rig.
3) orifice sealing device is fixed on the wall of a borehole.Orifice sealing device is connected on gas-slag separation device, connects gas slag
Separator and gas pumping pipeline.
4) rig and laser generator are started, rig drives rod boring to be backed to through roof, then by drill bit
In coal seam, fibre-optical splice I and fibre-optical splice III is connected.In drilling process, the distinguished and admirable cutting carring sprayed from drill bit enters gas slag
Separator, now, the water smoke that atomizer sprays catch landwaste, and air-flow enters methane gas extraction pipeline.
5) rig drives drill bit to rotate, and drill bit is rotated around axial line, and laser is carried out to the coal body of drill bit position
Slot.What deserves to be explained is the output of gas is the complex process of a desorption-diffusion-seepage flow, and temperature is to influence this mistake
One of Dominated Factors of journey, coal temperature is higher, and desorption of mash gas speed and degree are bigger, spread and seepage flow is faster, coal-bed gas
Recovery ratio it is higher.It is one of effective way for improving coal bed gas extraction efficiency to improve coal seam temperature.Laser is to pass through atom
Stimulated radiation is luminous and resonance amplifies what is formed, after diaphotoscope focuses on, can produce thousands of degree even degree up to ten thousand near focal point
High temperature.In addition, the high directivity of laser still has high power density after can effectively transmitting relatively long distance, it is reachable
103MW/cm2.The present invention causes the temperature of laser action point to steeply rise, coal using the high power density laser beam irradiation focused on
Rock vaporizes, and forms slot, the coal petrography debris of seam is by auxiliary gas blasting.
6) drill bit is retreated along aperture direction, repeat step 5), the laser slotted of completion drill bit the next position, Zhou Erfu
Begin, complete the laser slotted of multiple positions.
7) pressure air pipe valve, gas pumping pipeline valve and laser generator are closed, exits drill bit, removal orifice sealing
Device, sealing of hole, carry out gas pumping.
The present invention combines laser cutting efficiency high, direction for the characteristics of China's coal seam gas-bearing capacity is high, gas permeability is low
Property it is strong the advantages of, by be cut by laser applied to underground coal mine low air permeability coal seam the efficient extraction of gas in.The system can be real
The now institutional operation of drilling and coal seam cutting, significantly improves efficiency of construction；And the association of release and heat drive can be given full play to
Same-action, that is, the slot for being cut by laser formation is capable of the confined pressure of effective removal coal body, and induced with laser high temperature action, can be notable
The temperature of coal body is improved, the absorption potential of coal-bed gas is reduced, promotes the fast desorption of coal-bed gas, significantly reduce residual in coal seam
Remaining gas bearing capacity, so as to realize the gas pumping efficiency for improving low air permeability coal seam and effective preventing and treating low air permeability coal seam gas calamity
Harmful purpose.
Brief description of the drawings
A kind of laser drilling of Fig. 1 present invention cuts integration and strengthens gas drainage system schematic diagram.
In figure：Pressure air pipe (1), pressure air pipe valve (2), laser generator (3), rig (4), gas-slag separation device (5),
Drilling rod (6), orifice sealing device (7), optical fiber (8), drill bit (9), gas pumping pipeline (10), gas pumping pipeline valve (11),
Fibre-optical splice I (3-1), fibre-optical splice II (8-1), fibre-optical splice III (8-2), optical splitter I (9-1), optical splitter II (9-2), axle
To laser head I (9-3), shaft orientation laser head II (9-4), lateral laser head I (9-5), lateral laser head II (9-6), spray-hole (9-
7)。
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention only
It is limited to following embodiments.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and used
With means, various replacements and change are made, all should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of laser drilling cuts integration and strengthens gas drainage system, it is characterised in that:Mainly include pressure air pipe 1, pressure wind
Pipeline valve 2, laser generator 3, rig 4, gas-slag separation device 5, drilling rod 6, orifice sealing device 7, optical fiber 8, drill bit 9, gas are taken out
Adopt pipeline 10 and gas pumping pipeline valve 11.
The pressure air pipe 1 is connected with rig 4.The pressure air pipe 1 is provided with pressure air pipe valve 2.The band of rig 4
Dynamic drilling rod 6 is crept into.The drilling rod 6 is hollow, that is, has the axial passage for accommodating optical fiber 8.Described one end of drilling rod 6 connects drill bit 9.Institute
Laser generator 3 is stated to be connected with fibre-optical splice II8-1 and fibre-optical splice III8-2 respectively by fibre-optical splice I3-1.Fibre-optical splice
II8-1 and fibre-optical splice III8-2 is connected with optical splitter IV9-1 and optical splitter V9-2 respectively by optical fiber 8.Optical splitter I9-1 leads to
Cross optical fiber to be connected with shaft orientation laser head I9-3 and shaft orientation laser head II9-4, optical splitter II9-2 passes through optical fiber and lateral laser head
I9-5 connects with lateral laser head II9-6.The shaft orientation laser head I9-3, shaft orientation laser head II9-4, lateral laser head I9-5 and
Lateral laser head II9-6 is the laser head of the surface inserting of the drill bit 9.
The laser generator 3 launches laser.The laser imports the laser head by the optical fiber 8 inside drilling rod 6.Institute
When stating drill bit 9 and being crept into coal seam or rock, coal seam or rock stratum around the laser directive drill bit 9.
The orifice sealing device 7 is a tubular body.The front opening of the orifice sealing device 7, and it is fixed on drilling orifice
On hole wall, rear end is connected with gas-slag separation device 5.The drilling rod 6 can stretch into orifice sealing device 7 from the rear end of orifice sealing device 7
Inside, and enter the drilling and creep into.
Atomizer 5-1 is provided with described gas-slag separation device 5.The distinguished and admirable cutting carring that drill bit 9 sprays enters gas slag
During separator 5, the water smoke that atomizer 5-1 sprays catches landwaste, and air-flow is then by extraction.
The gas-slag separation device 5 connects the orifice sealing device 7.In gas-slag separation, pass through the gas pumping pipeline
10 gas pumpings.The gas pumping pipeline 10 is provided with gas pumping pipeline valve 11.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment discloses the laser drilling based on system described in embodiment 1 and cuts integration reinforcing gas pumping method, and it is special
Sign is, comprises the following steps：
1) fibre-optical splice 3-1 and fibre-optical splice 8-1 is connected, opens pressure air pipe valve 2, starts rig 4 and laser occurs
Device 3, rig 4 drive drill bit 9 to creep into 2m, the aperture formed on coal seam or palisades.In drilling process, superlaser is from laser head 9-
3 and laser head 9-4 is projected, and the advanced scope of freedom is formed in the rock mass in the front of drill bit 9, to reduce the drilling resistance of drill bit 9.From spray
The distinguished and admirable cutting carring that perforation 9-7 sprays enters gas-slag separation device 5, and now, the water smoke that atomizer 5-1 sprays catches landwaste,
Air-flow enters methane gas extraction pipeline 10.
2) laser generator 3 and pressure air pipe valve 2 are closed, rig 4 drives drill bit 9 to exit drilling, closes rig 4.
3) orifice sealing device 7 is fixed on the wall of a borehole.Orifice sealing device 7 is connected on gas-slag separation device 5, connects gas
Pulp separator 5 and gas pumping pipeline 10.
4) pressure air pipe valve 2 and gas pumping pipeline valve 11 are opened, starts rig 4 and laser generator 3, rig 4
Drive the drilling of drilling rod 6 to arrive through at roof 0.5m, move back and bore 1m, connect fibre-optical splice 3-1 and fibre-optical splice 8-2.
5) rig 4 drives drill bit 9 to rotate, and drill bit 9 is rotated 10~15min around axial line, to the position of drill bit 9
Coal body carries out laser slotted.
6) drill bit 9 is retreated into 1~1.5m, repeat step 5 along aperture direction), the laser for completing the next position of drill bit 9 is cut
Seam, goes round and begins again, completes the laser slotted of multiple positions (position of the different depth in same hole).
7) pressure air pipe valve 2, gas pumping pipeline valve 11 and laser generator 3 are closed, exits drill bit 9, removal hole
Sealer for mouth 7, sealing of hole, carry out gas pumping.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of laser drilling, which cuts integration, strengthens gas drainage system, it is characterised in that:Mainly include the pressure air pipe (1),
Pressure air pipe valve (2), laser generator (3), rig (4), gas-slag separation device (5), drilling rod (6), orifice sealing device (7), light
Fine (8), drill bit (9), gas pumping pipeline (10) and gas pumping pipeline valve (11)；
The pressure air pipe (1) is connected with rig (4)；The pressure air pipe (1) is provided with pressure air pipe valve (2)；The brill
Machine (4) drives drilling rod (6) drilling；The drilling rod (6) is hollow, that is, has the axial passage for accommodating optical fiber (8)；The drilling rod (6)
One end connection drill bit (9)；The surface inserting of the drill bit (9) has some laser heads；The laser generator (3) launches laser；
The laser imports the laser head by the internal optical fiber (8) of drilling rod (6)；The drill bit (9) is crept into coal seam or rock
When, the coal seam or rock stratum of laser directive drill bit (9) surrounding；Gas-pressurized in the pressure air pipe (12) enters drilling rod
(6) hollow cavity, and from spray-hole (9-7) the directive coal body or rock mass of drill bit (9).
The orifice sealing device (7) is a tubular body；The front opening of the orifice sealing device (7), and it is fixed on drilling orifice
On hole wall, rear end is connected with gas-slag separation device (5)；It is close that the drilling rod (6) can stretch into aperture from the rear end of orifice sealing device (7)
It is internal to seal device (7), and enters the drilling and creeps into.
In gas-slag separation, pass through the gas pumping pipeline (10) gas pumping；The gas pumping pipeline (10) is provided with watt
This extraction pipeline valve (11).
2. a kind of laser drilling according to claim 1, which cuts integration, strengthens gas drainage system, it is characterised in that：It is described to swash
Optical generator (3) is connected by the fibre-optical splice I (3-1) with fibre-optical splice II (8-1) or fibre-optical splice III (8-2)；
Fibre-optical splice II (8-1) and fibre-optical splice III (8-2) by optical fiber (8) respectively with optical splitter IV (9-1) and optical splitter V
(9-2) is connected；Optical splitter I (9-1) is connected by optical fiber with shaft orientation laser head I (9-3) and shaft orientation laser head II (9-4), light splitting
Device II (9-2) is connected by optical fiber with lateral laser head I (9-5) and lateral laser head II (9-6)；
The shaft orientation laser head I (9-3), shaft orientation laser head II (9-4), lateral laser head I (9-5) and lateral laser head II (9-
6) be the drill bit (9) surface inserting laser head.
3. a kind of laser drilling according to claim 1 or 2, which cuts integration, strengthens gas drainage system, it is characterised in that：Institute
Atomizer (5-1) is provided with the gas-slag separation device (5) stated；The distinguished and admirable cutting carring that drill bit (9) sprays enters gas-slag separation
During device (5), the water smoke that atomizer (5-1) sprays catches landwaste, and air-flow is then by extraction.
4. a kind of laser drilling according to claim 1 or 3, which cuts integration, strengthens gas drainage system, it is characterised in that：Institute
State drill bit (9) and be symmetrically arranged at the front end with spray-hole (9-7).
5. the laser drilling based on system described in 1~4 any one claim, which cuts integration, strengthens gas pumping method, its feature
It is, comprises the following steps：
1) fibre-optical splice (3-1) and fibre-optical splice (8-1) are connected, starts rig (4) and laser generator (3), rig (4) drives
Drill bit (9) is crept into, the aperture formed on coal seam or palisades；
2) laser generator (3) and pressure air pipe valve (2) are closed, rig (4) drives drill bit (9) to exit drilling, closes rig
(4)；
3) orifice sealing device (7) is fixed on the wall of a borehole；Orifice sealing device (7) is connected on gas-slag separation device (5), connected
Gas-slag separation device (5) and gas pumping pipeline (10)；
4) rig (4) and laser generator (3) are started, rig (4) drives drilling rod (6) drilling to arrive through roof, then will bore
Head is backed in coal seam, connection fibre-optical splice (3-1) and fibre-optical splice (8-2).In drilling process, from the wind of drill bit (9) ejection
Stream cutting carring enters gas-slag separation device (5), and now, the water smoke that atomizer (5-1) sprays catches landwaste, and air-flow enters gas
Extraction pipeline (10)；
5) rig (4) drives drill bit (9) to rotate, and drill bit (9) is rotated around axial line, to the coal body of drill bit (9) position
Carry out laser slotted；
6) drill bit (9) is retreated along aperture direction, repeat step 5), the laser slotted of completion drill bit (9) the next position, Zhou Erfu
Begin, complete the laser slotted of multiple positions；
7) pressure air pipe valve (2), gas pumping pipeline valve (11) and laser generator (3) are closed, drill bit (9) is exited, unloads
Except orifice sealing device (7), sealing of hole, gas pumping is carried out.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710865097.6A CN107642376B (en) | 2017-09-22 | 2017-09-22 | A kind of laser drilling cuts integration and strengthens gas drainage system and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710865097.6A CN107642376B (en) | 2017-09-22 | 2017-09-22 | A kind of laser drilling cuts integration and strengthens gas drainage system and method |
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| CN107642376A true CN107642376A (en) | 2018-01-30 |
| CN107642376B CN107642376B (en) | 2019-03-01 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111535748A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-08-14 | 宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司 | Laser drill bit with negative pressure suction function |
| CN111911080A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-10 | 西南石油大学 | Laser-mechanical combined rock breaking power drilling tool |
| CN112145176A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-29 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Square wave type cutting process method for enlarging kerf width by laser cutting rock soil |
| CN113445980A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-28 | 徐州工程学院 | Method for enhancing anti-reflection effect of hydraulic fracturing of ground drilling |
| CN113882859A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-01-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Laser and ultrasonic vibration combined rock crushing assisting device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113882859A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-01-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Laser and ultrasonic vibration combined rock crushing assisting device and method |
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| CN107642376B (en) | 2019-03-01 |
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