CN107639461B - Automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system - Google Patents
Automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107639461B CN107639461B CN201710875090.2A CN201710875090A CN107639461B CN 107639461 B CN107639461 B CN 107639461B CN 201710875090 A CN201710875090 A CN 201710875090A CN 107639461 B CN107639461 B CN 107639461B
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 355
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 94
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 72
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 35
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
An automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system comprises a nozzle, a liquid nitrogen supply device, a lubricating oil supply device, a water supply device and an air supply device, wherein the liquid nitrogen supply device is connected with the nozzle and is used for supplying liquid nitrogen to the nozzle; the lubricating oil supply device is connected with the nozzle and is used for supplying lubricating oil to the nozzle; the water supply device is connected with the nozzle and is used for providing water for the nozzle; an air supply device is connected with the nozzle and is used for supplying compressed air to the nozzle so as to atomize lubricating oil and water into oil mist and water mist. The automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system can effectively reduce the temperature of a cutting area, prolong the service life of a cutter, obtain better processing quality and improve the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical cutting, in particular to an automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system.
Background
High-speed cutting is a high-performance process technology which is widely applied to the industries of aviation, dies, automobiles and the like. The conventional cutting of large amounts of cutting fluids has become an important environmental pollution for the machining industry and has caused various negative effects. The waste cutting fluid can pollute soil and air, and the cutting fluid is harmful to human body, and various diseases can be caused after the cutting fluid is inhaled into the human body. Meanwhile, the use cost of the cutting fluid is high, and the cutting fluid has certain corrosiveness to a machine tool in the use process.
The penetration of cutting fluid into the working area is critical for lubrication and cooling. In the traditional machining process, the high-speed rotation of the main shaft of the machine tool generates huge centrifugal force and high-speed flow field flow, most of cutting fluid is difficult to enter a cutting area in a traditional pouring cooling mode, and quenching phenomena can be generated due to severe cooling and heating, so that a cutter is more prone to cutter breakage and the like. Therefore, research on a novel green cutting technology is an important link for promoting development of the green cutting technology, and is a necessary requirement for realizing sustainable development of mechanical manufacturing.
When the conventional micro-lubrication technology is used for difficult-to-process materials (such as titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy and the like), the micro-cutting oil can easily lose the lubrication effect at high temperature due to the high temperature in the cutting area, so that the effect of well cooling is not achieved, and the service life of a cutter and the processing quality are seriously influenced. In order to improve the service life of the cutter and the processing quality, an oil mist and water mist composite spraying technology is adopted at present, and although fine water drop particles can absorb a large amount of heat in the atomization process, compared with the heat generated in the processing process, the processing effect of the composite spraying technology is still not obvious enough. Particularly, when a high-hardness difficult-to-machine material is machined, the cutting temperature is higher, and the influence of the cutting temperature on the service life of the cutter is more obvious.
The low-temperature cold air oil film water drop attaching technology is a novel lubrication mode for metal processing, namely semi-dry cutting is also called quasi-dry cutting. The low-temperature cold air oil film water drop attaching technology is a cutting processing method which is used for carrying out effective lubrication and cooling on a processing part between a cutter and a workpiece by spraying compressed gas into a cutting area at a high speed after the compressed gas is cooled and mixed with an extremely small amount of oil mist water mist to form micron-level liquid drop particles. The low-temperature cold air oil film water-drop attaching technology is used for cooling by using water mist, the water mist can volatilize rapidly when contacting with a processing area, a large amount of heat is taken away, the low-temperature cold air oil film water-drop attaching technology can inhibit temperature rise of a cutting area, friction between a cutter and a workpiece and friction between chips and the cutter are reduced, chips can be discharged timely effectively, adhesion is prevented, and the processing quality of the workpiece is improved. However, although the temperature at the nozzle of the low-temperature cold air oil film water-drop attaching technology can reach more than sixty degrees below zero, compared with some difficult-to-process materials, when the low-temperature cold air oil film water-drop attaching technology is used, the temperature of the cutting area is obviously too high, and the service life of the cutter is obviously shortened due to the too high temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system which can effectively reduce the temperature of a cutting area, prolong the service life of a cutter, obtain better processing quality and improve the production efficiency.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical proposal.
An automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system comprises a nozzle, a liquid nitrogen supply device, a lubricating oil supply device, a water supply device and an air supply device, wherein the liquid nitrogen supply device is connected with the nozzle and is used for supplying liquid nitrogen to the nozzle; the lubricating oil supply device is connected with the nozzle and is used for supplying lubricating oil to the nozzle; the water supply device is connected with the nozzle and is used for providing water for the nozzle; an air supply device is connected with the nozzle and is used for supplying compressed air to the nozzle so as to atomize lubricating oil and water into oil mist and water mist.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid supply device includes a liquid nitrogen source, a liquid nitrogen valve, a low temperature valve, and a nitrogen supply line, where the liquid nitrogen source, the liquid nitrogen valve, and the low temperature valve are sequentially connected to the nitrogen supply line, and the nitrogen supply line is connected to the nozzle.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a heat insulation layer is disposed on the nitrogen supply pipeline.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned lubricating oil supply device includes a tank, an oil pump, and an oil supply line to which the oil tank and the oil pump are connected, the oil supply line being connected to the nozzle.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air supply device includes an air source, an air intake valve, an oil gas valve and a first air supply pipeline, the air source, the air intake valve and the oil gas valve are connected to the first air supply pipeline, and the first air supply pipeline is connected to the oil pump.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water supply device includes a water tank, a water inlet valve, a water pump, a filter, and a water supply line, the water tank, the water inlet valve, the water pump, and the filter being connected to the water supply line, the water supply line being connected to the nozzle.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water supply device further includes a return flow regulating valve, a return flow valve, and a return water pipe, wherein the return flow regulating valve and the return flow valve are connected to the return water pipe, and the return water pipe is connected between the water tank and the filter.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air supply device further includes a tank air valve, a first pressure regulating valve, and a second air supply line, wherein the air source, the tank air valve, and the first pressure regulating valve are connected to the second air supply line, and the second air supply line is connected to the tank.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air supply device further includes a dryer, an atmospheric valve, a second pressure regulating valve, and a third air supply line, wherein the air source, the dryer, the atmospheric valve, and the second pressure regulating valve are connected to the third air supply line, and the third air supply line is connected to the nozzle.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system further includes a control device, wherein the control device is electrically connected with the liquid nitrogen supply device, the lubricating oil supply device, the water supply device and the air supply device respectively, and the control device is used for controlling the flow rates of the corresponding substances supplied by the liquid nitrogen supply device, the lubricating oil supply device, the water supply device and the air supply device to the nozzle.
The liquid nitrogen supply device of the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system is connected with the nozzle and is used for supplying liquid nitrogen for the nozzle; the lubricating oil supply device is connected with the nozzle and is used for supplying lubricating oil to the nozzle; the water supply device is connected with the nozzle and is used for providing water for the nozzle; an air supply device is connected with the nozzle and is used for supplying compressed air to the nozzle so as to atomize lubricating oil and water into oil mist and water mist. The liquid nitrogen is directly sprayed to the cutting machining area, so that the temperature of the cutting area is lower, and the influence of the temperature on the service life of the cutter and the machining quality of the workpiece in the machining process is reduced. The oil mist is used together with liquid nitrogen, so that the oil mist can be prevented from losing lubrication property in a high-temperature processing area due to high temperature. The water mist spray can take away a large amount of cutting heat in the cutting area after the cutting area is vaporized, and simultaneously, the water mist spray is matched with liquid nitrogen for use, so that the temperature of the cutting area can be further reduced. Therefore, the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system can effectively reduce the temperature of a cutting area, prolong the service life of a cutter, obtain better processing quality and improve the production efficiency.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, as well as the preferred embodiments thereof, together with the following detailed description of the invention, given by way of illustration only, together with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the automatic liquid nitrogen compound spray cooling method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the invention to achieve the preset aim, the following detailed description is given of the specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects of the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system according to the invention by combining the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiment:
the foregoing and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the invention may be susceptible to further details of embodiments and examples of means and effects for achieving the desired purpose, the drawings are provided for the purpose of reference and illustration only and are not intended to be limiting.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, an automatic liquid nitrogen complex spray cooling system 100 includes a nozzle 10, a liquid nitrogen supply device 20, a lubricating oil supply device 30, a water supply device 40, an air supply device 50, and a control device 60, wherein the liquid nitrogen supply device 20 is used to supply liquid nitrogen to the nozzle 10; the lubricant supply device 30 is used for supplying lubricant to the nozzle 10; the water supply means 40 is for supplying water to the nozzle 10; the air supply device 50 is used for supplying compressed air to the nozzle 10 to atomize water and lubricating oil into water mist and oil mist; the control device 60 is electrically connected to the liquid nitrogen supply device 20, the lubricating oil supply device 30, the water supply device 40, and the air supply device 50, respectively.
The nozzle 10 is directed at the cutting area and ejects liquid nitrogen, oil mist and water mist at high speed. The liquid nitrogen is directly sprayed to the cutting machining area, so that the temperature of the cutting area is lower, and the influence of the temperature on the service life of the cutter and the machining quality of the workpiece in the machining process is reduced. The oil mist is used together with liquid nitrogen, so that the oil mist can be prevented from losing lubrication property in a high-temperature processing area due to high temperature. The water mist spray can take away a large amount of cutting heat in the cutting area after the cutting area is vaporized, and simultaneously, the water mist spray is matched with liquid nitrogen for use, so that the temperature of the cutting area can be further reduced. Therefore, for difficult-to-process materials (e.g., titanium alloys, superalloys, etc.), the automated liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system 100 of the present invention can effectively reduce the temperature of the cutting zone, extend the useful life of the tool, achieve better process quality, and increase production efficiency. Meanwhile, the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system 100 can reduce a series of problems of environmental pollution, harm to human bodies, high processing cost and the like caused by the use of the traditional cutting fluid. In the embodiment, the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system 100 of the present invention includes two nozzles 10, but not limited thereto, the number of nozzles 10 can be freely increased or decreased according to actual needs.
It should be noted that when the liquid nitrogen, the oil mist and the water mist are ejected from the nozzle 10, the oil mist and the water mist are coated around the liquid nitrogen, that is, the liquid nitrogen is ejected from the central portion of the nozzle 10, and the peripheral portion of the liquid nitrogen is the oil mist and the water mist. Due to the adoption of the layered design, the oil mist and the water mist can absorb the outward diffusion temperature of the liquid nitrogen, and the energy loss is saved.
As shown in fig. 2, the liquid nitrogen supply device 20 includes a liquid nitrogen source 21, a liquid nitrogen valve 22, a cryogenic valve 23, and a nitrogen supply line 24. In the present embodiment, the safety pressure of the liquid nitrogen supply device 20 is 1.58Mpa, but not limited thereto.
The liquid nitrogen source 21, the liquid nitrogen valve 22 and the low temperature valve 23 are sequentially connected to a nitrogen supply pipeline 24, and the nitrogen supply pipeline 24 is connected with the nozzle 10. The liquid nitrogen source 21 outputs liquid nitrogen (the temperature is-196 ℃ C. And stored by adopting an adiabatic tank), the liquid nitrogen passes through the liquid nitrogen valve 22 and then reaches the low-temperature valve 23, then enters the nozzle 10 through the nitrogen supply pipeline 24, and the output flow of the liquid nitrogen is precisely controlled through the low-temperature valve 23 and the liquid nitrogen valve 22. Since the low temperature valve 23 can withstand the low temperature of liquid nitrogen, the low temperature valve 23 can keep working normally without being affected by the low temperature environment. In order to prevent the loss of liquid nitrogen energy in the process of delivering liquid nitrogen, a heat preservation and insulation layer is arranged on the nitrogen supply pipeline 24. In this embodiment, the liquid nitrogen supply device 20 includes two low temperature valves 23, the nitrogen supply pipeline 24 is branched into two nitrogen supply branches, the two low temperature valves 23 are respectively connected to the two nitrogen supply branches, and the ends of the two nitrogen supply branches are respectively connected to the two nozzles 10, so as to respectively convey liquid nitrogen to the two nozzles 10. The number of the low-temperature valves 23 and the nitrogen supply branches is set corresponding to the number of the nozzles 10, and can be freely increased or decreased according to actual needs. It should be noted that the connection position of the nitrogen supply pipeline 24 and the nozzle 10 is located at the front end of the nozzle 10, so as to prevent the common pipe time of the oil mist, the water mist and the liquid nitrogen, and the cold absorbed by the oil mist and the water mist in the nozzle 10 is reduced along with the reduction of the contact time, thus effectively preventing the oil mist and the water mist from freezing in the nozzle 10.
As shown in fig. 2, the lubricating oil supply device 30 includes an oil tank 31, an oil pump 32, and an oil supply line 33. In the present embodiment, the oil consumption of the lubricating oil supply device 30 is 5 to 50ml/h, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The oil tank 31 and the oil pump 32 are connected to an oil supply line 33, and the oil supply line 33 is connected to the nozzle 10. The oil pump 32 pumps the lubricating oil in the oil tank 31 and enters the nozzle 10 through the oil supply line 33. In the present embodiment, the oil supply line 33 between the oil pump 32 and the nozzles 10 branches into two oil supply branches, which are respectively connected to the two nozzles 10 and respectively supply lubricating oil to the two nozzles 10. The number of the oil supply branches is set corresponding to the number of the nozzles 10, and can be freely increased or decreased according to actual needs. In order to prevent the formed oil mist from freezing and affecting the lubrication effect, the oil mist supplied from the lubricating oil supply device 30 of the present invention is low temperature resistant oil mist.
As shown in fig. 2, the water supply device 40 includes a water tank 41, a water intake valve 42, a water pump 43, a filter 44, a water outlet valve 45, a return pressure regulating valve 46, a return valve 47, a water supply line 48, and a water return line 49. In the present embodiment, the water consumption of the water supply device 40 is 30 to 500ml/h, but not limited thereto.
The water tank 41, the water intake valve 42, the water pump 43, the filter 44, and the return valve 47 are connected to a water supply line 48, and the water supply line 48 is connected to the nozzle 10. The return pressure regulating valve 46 and the return valve 47 are connected to a return water line 49, and the return water line 49 is connected between the water tank 41 and the filter 44. The water in the water tank 41 reaches the water pump 43 after passing through the water inlet valve 42, and the water after passing through the water pump 43 is filtered by the filter 44 and then reaches the nozzle 10 after passing through the water outlet valve 45. When the water pump 43 supplies water to cause the water pressure in the water supply pipe 48 to be excessively high, the water in the water supply pipe flows back to the water tank 41 through the return pressure regulating valve 46 and the return valve 47, so that the pressure in the water supply pipe 48 is reduced, and the water supply pipe 48 is prevented from bursting. In the present embodiment, the water supply device 40 includes two water outlet valves 45, the water supply line 48 is branched into two water supply branches connected to the two water outlet valves 45, the two water outlet valves 45 are connected to the two water supply branches, and the ends of the two water supply branches are connected to the two nozzles 10, respectively, to deliver water to the two nozzles 10, respectively. The number of the water outlet valves 45 and the water supply branches are arranged corresponding to the number of the nozzles 10, and can be freely increased or decreased according to actual needs. It should be noted that, in order to precisely control the flow rate of water and maintain a stable water supply, the water pump 43 is, for example, a fine-tuning water pump 43, but not limited thereto. In order to prevent the formed mist from freezing and affecting the cooling effect, the mist supplied from the water supply device 40 of the present invention is a low temperature-resistant mist.
As shown in fig. 2, the air supply device 50 includes an air source 51, a dryer 52, an intake valve 53, an oil gas valve 54, a tank air valve 55, a first pressure regulating valve 56, a second pressure regulating valve 57, a normal pressure valve 58, a first air supply line 59a, a second air supply line 59b, and a third air supply line 59c. In the present embodiment, the air source 51 of the air supply device 50 has a pressure of 0.5 to 1.0Mpa; the air consumption is 100-1000L/min, but not limited to this.
Specifically, the air source 51, the dryer 52, the air intake valve 53, and the oil and gas valve 54 are connected to a first air supply line 59a, and the first air supply line 59a is connected to the oil pump 32. The air source 51 supplies compressed air, the compressed air is dried by the dryer 52, then reaches the oil pump 32 after being controlled by the air inlet valve 53 and the air-oil valve 54, and the compressed air supplies power to the oil pump 32 to convey the lubricating oil in the oil tank 31 to the nozzle 10. In the present embodiment, two oil and gas valves 54 are provided on the first air supply line 59a, and the two oil and gas valves 54 are connected to the first air supply line 59a in parallel with each other.
The air source 51, the dryer 52, the tank air valve 55 and the first pressure regulating valve 56 are connected to a second air supply line 59b, and the second air supply line 59b is connected to the tank 41. The air source 51 supplies compressed air, the compressed air is dried by the dryer 52, then passes through the water tank air valve 55 and the first pressure regulating valve 56, the air pressure of the compressed air is regulated by the first pressure regulating valve 56, then the compressed air is delivered into the water tank 41, and after the compressed air reaches the water tank 41, the pressure in the water tank 41 is increased, so that water in the water tank 41 is forced to be output outwards. In this embodiment, the first air supply line 59a and the second air supply line 59b are combined into one line, and the air source 51 and the dryer 52 are connected to the combined lines.
The air source 51, the dryer 52, the normal pressure valve 58, and the second pressure regulating valve 57 are connected to a third air supply line 59c, and the third air supply line 59c is connected to the nozzle 10. The air source 51 supplies compressed air, the compressed air is dried by the dryer 52, and then passes through the normal pressure valve 58 and the second pressure regulating valve 57, the air pressure of the compressed air is regulated by the second pressure regulating valve 57, and then the compressed air is delivered to the nozzle 10, and the compressed air atomizes the lubricating oil and the water. In the present embodiment, the first air supply line 59a, the second air supply line 59b, and the third air supply line 59c are combined into one line at the head ends thereof, and the air source 51 and the dryer 52 are connected to the combined lines.
In the present embodiment, the water supply device 40 includes two normal pressure valves 58 and two second pressure regulating valves 57, the third air supply line 59c branches into two third air supply branches, the ends of the two third air supply branches are respectively connected to the nozzles 10, one normal pressure valve 58 and one second pressure regulating valve 57 are connected to one third air supply branch, and the other normal pressure valve 58 and one second pressure regulating valve 57 are connected to the other third air supply branch, i.e., the two third air supply branches respectively supply high pressure air to the two nozzles 10.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the control device 60 is used for controlling the flow rates of the liquid nitrogen supply device 20, the lubricating oil supply device 30, the water supply device 40 and the air supply device 50 for supplying corresponding substances to the nozzle 10, that is, the control device 60 can respectively control the liquid nitrogen supply flow rate of the liquid nitrogen supply device 20, the lubricating oil supply flow rate of the lubricating oil supply device 30, the water supply flow rate of the water supply device 40 and the cold air supply flow rate of the air supply device 50 according to the material to be processed, the cutting depth and the manually input instruction, so that the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system 100 can automatically control various cutting cooling modes such as liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen+oil mist, liquid nitrogen+water mist, liquid nitrogen+oil mist+water mist (oil mist and water mist composite) and the like. In the present embodiment, the control device uses a PLC control system to control the liquid nitrogen supply device 20, the lubricating oil supply device 30, the water supply device 40, and the air supply device 50, but is not limited thereto.
The automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system 100 of the invention affects the surface roughness of the workpiece under the conditions of different cutting cooling modes and different flow rates (large and small flow rates).
Experiment one, test conditions: martensitic stainless steel; kenner KCM25 blade; the rotating speed is 700r/min; cutting to a depth of 1mm; cutting length 60mm; cutting cooling mode: dry cutting (uncooled), liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen+oil mist, liquid nitrogen+compound (water mist and oil mist); cooling flow rate: large flow (coolant flow). The test results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, in the cutting test of martensitic stainless steel, liquid nitrogen obtained the best surface quality, and the surface roughness was as follows: liquid nitrogen is less than liquid nitrogen and oil mist is less than liquid nitrogen and compound is less than dry cutting. When oil mist and composite spraying are carried out, oil and water flow are increased, the oil mist and the water mist are frozen on the cutter surface, and the ice particles are too large to enter the cutting area of the cutter, so that the cooling and lubricating effects cannot be achieved. Moreover, a large amount of water mist and oil mist ice, giving off heat, thereby increasing the temperature of the cutting area. Therefore, the cutting region temperature is the lowest when cutting only with liquid nitrogen.
Experiment two, test conditions: austenitic stainless steel; kenner KCM25 blade; the rotating speed is 700r/min; cutting to a depth of 1mm; cutting length 60mm; cutting cooling mode: dry cutting (uncooled), liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen+oil mist, liquid nitrogen+compound (water mist and oil mist); cooling flow rate: large flow (coolant flow). The test results are referred to in table 2 below:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, when the same conditions as those of the martensitic stainless steel were used, the same change rule as that of the martensitic stainless steel was obtained, and the liquid nitrogen surface quality was optimal.
Experiment three, test conditions: austenitic stainless steel; kenner KCM25 blade; the rotating speed is 700r/min; cutting to a depth of 1mm; cutting length 60mm; cutting cooling mode: dry cutting (uncooled), liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen+oil mist, liquid nitrogen+compound (water mist and oil mist); cooling flow rate: small flow (coolant flow). The test results are referred to in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Table 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the liquid nitrogen + compound cooling mode achieved the best surface quality after the flow rate was reduced. Compared with the condition of large flow, the flow is reduced, the heat released when the oil mist and the water mist are frozen is reduced, so that the cutting area obtains lower temperature, meanwhile, the flow of the oil mist and the water mist is reduced to refine, and the oil mist and the water mist can enter the cutting area to play a role in cooling and lubricating. Therefore, liquid nitrogen + composite sprays can achieve better surface quality than liquid nitrogen.
Experiment four, test conditions: a titanium alloy; kenner KCM25 blade; the rotating speed is 700r/min; cutting to a depth of 0.5mm; cutting length 60mm; cutting cooling mode: dry cutting (uncooled), liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen+oil mist, liquid nitrogen+compound (water mist and oil mist); cooling flow rate: small flow (coolant flow). The test results are shown in Table 4 below:
TABLE 4 Table 4
As can be seen from Table 4, the liquid nitrogen + compound cooling mode achieved the best surface quality after the flow rate was reduced.
Experiment five, test conditions: a titanium alloy; kenner K9125 blade; the rotating speed is 700r/min; cutting to a depth of 0.5mm; cutting length 60mm; cutting cooling mode: dry cutting (uncooled), liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen+oil mist, liquid nitrogen+compound (water mist and oil mist); cooling flow rate: small flow (coolant flow). The test results are shown in Table 5 below:
TABLE 5
As can be seen from Table 5, the liquid nitrogen + compound cooling approach achieved the best surface quality after the flow was reduced, and the surface quality improvement was most pronounced with the K9125 blade.
In conclusion, cutting experiments on three materials of martensitic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel and titanium alloy show that liquid nitrogen and composite can obtain better surface quality than liquid nitrogen under proper water and oil flow and proportion, so that the service performance of the cutter is effectively exerted, and the processing surface quality is improved. The liquid nitrogen processing provides a low-temperature environment for the cutter, so that the problems of high temperature and oxidization in the processing are prevented, and the wear resistance of the cutter is improved.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling method of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling method of the present invention uses the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system 100, and the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling method includes the steps of:
in step S1, liquid nitrogen is supplied to the nozzle 10 by the liquid nitrogen supply device 20.
Specifically, liquid nitrogen is outputted by a liquid nitrogen source 21 of a liquid nitrogen supply device 20, and the liquid nitrogen sequentially passes through a liquid nitrogen valve 22 and a low temperature valve 23, and enters the nozzle 10 through a nitrogen supply line 24.
In step S2, the lubricant is supplied to the nozzle 10 by the lubricant supply device 30.
Specifically, compressed air is supplied from an air source 51 of the air supply device 50, dried by a dryer 52, passed through an air inlet valve 53 and an oil-air valve 54, controlled by the oil-air valve 54, and then reaches the oil pump 32, and the compressed air powers the oil pump 32 to deliver the lubricating oil in the oil tank 31 to the nozzle 10.
Step S3, water is supplied to the nozzle 10 by the water supply device 40.
Specifically, the air source 51 of the air supply device 50 is used for providing compressed air, the compressed air passes through the water tank air valve 55 and the first pressure regulating valve 56 after being dried by the dryer 52, the air pressure of the compressed air is regulated by the first pressure regulating valve 56, then the compressed air is conveyed into the water tank 41, after the compressed air reaches the water tank 41, the pressure in the water tank 41 is increased, and the water in the water tank 41 is forced to be conveyed to the water pump 43; water is delivered to the nozzle 10 by a water pump 43.
In step S4, compressed air is supplied to the nozzle 10 by the air supply device 50, and water and lubricating oil are atomized into mist and oil mist.
Specifically, compressed air is supplied from the air source 51 of the air supply device 50, dried by the dryer 52, passed through the normal pressure valve 58 and the second pressure regulating valve 57, the pressure of the compressed air is regulated by the second pressure regulating valve 57, and then the compressed air is supplied to the nozzle 10, and the compressed air atomizes the lubricating oil and the water.
And S5, spraying liquid nitrogen, oil mist and water mist by using the nozzle 10, spraying the liquid nitrogen from the central part of the nozzle 10, and coating the oil mist and the water mist on the periphery of the liquid nitrogen.
In step S6, the flow rates of the respective substances supplied to the nozzle 10 by the liquid nitrogen supply device 20, the lubricating oil supply device 30, the water supply device 40, and the air supply device 50 are controlled by the control device 60.
Specifically, the control device 60 controls the flow rate of liquid nitrogen entering the nozzle 10 by controlling the output of the liquid nitrogen source 21 of the liquid nitrogen supply device 20 and controlling the closing or opening of the liquid nitrogen valve 22 and the cryogenic valve 23.
The control device 60 controls the power level of the oil pump 32 by controlling the output of the air source 51 of the air supply device 50 and controlling the closing or opening of the air inlet valve 53 and the oil valve 54, thereby controlling the air flow rate entering the nozzle 10.
The control device 60 regulates the air pressure of the compressed air by controlling the output of the air source 51 of the air supply device 50 and controlling the closing or opening of the water tank air valve 55 and the first pressure regulating valve 56, thereby realizing the control of the pressure in the water tank 41 and leading the water in the water tank 41 to be conveyed to the water pump 43; thereby effecting control of the flow of water into the nozzle 10.
The control device 60 controls the output of the air source 51 of the air supply device 50, and controls the closing or opening of the normal pressure valve 58 and the second pressure regulating valve 57, thereby regulating the air pressure of the compressed air, controlling the air flow rate entering the nozzle 10, and realizing the atomization of the lubricating oil and the water by the compressed air.
Therefore, the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling method of the present invention can control the flow rate of the liquid nitrogen supply device 20, the lubricating oil supply device 30, the water supply device 40 and the air supply device 50 for supplying the corresponding substances to the nozzle 10 by the control device 60, thereby realizing various cooling and lubrication modes such as dry cutting (not cooling), liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen+oil mist, liquid nitrogen+composite (water mist and oil mist), and the like, and the specific flow rate can be freely regulated and controlled according to actual needs, and the specific numerical range is not listed here.
The liquid nitrogen supply device 20 of the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system 100 is connected with the nozzle 10, and the liquid nitrogen supply device 20 is used for supplying liquid nitrogen to the nozzle 10; a lubricant supply device 30 is connected to the nozzle 10, the lubricant supply device 30 being for supplying lubricant to the nozzle 10; a water supply device 40 is connected to the nozzle 10, the water supply device 40 being used to supply water to the nozzle 10; an air supply device 50 is connected to the nozzle 10, and the air supply device 50 is used for supplying compressed air to the nozzle 10 to atomize lubricating oil and water into oil mist and water mist. The liquid nitrogen is directly sprayed to the cutting machining area, so that the temperature of the cutting area is lower, and the influence of the temperature on the service life of the cutter and the machining quality of the workpiece in the machining process is reduced. The oil mist is used together with liquid nitrogen, so that the oil mist can be prevented from losing lubrication property in a high-temperature processing area due to high temperature. The water mist spray can take away a large amount of cutting heat in the cutting area after the cutting area is vaporized, and simultaneously, the water mist spray is matched with liquid nitrogen for use, so that the temperature of the cutting area can be further reduced. Therefore, the automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system 100 of the invention can effectively reduce the temperature of a cutting area, prolong the service life of a cutter, obtain better processing quality and improve the production efficiency.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The individual technical features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. The various possible combinations of the invention are not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Claims (10)
1. An automated liquid nitrogen compound spray cooling system, comprising:
a nozzle;
the liquid nitrogen supply device is connected with the nozzle and is used for supplying liquid nitrogen to the nozzle;
a lubrication oil supply device connected to the nozzle, the lubrication oil supply device being configured to supply lubrication oil to the nozzle;
a water supply device connected to the nozzle, the water supply device for supplying water to the nozzle; and
an air supply device connected to the nozzle for supplying compressed air to the nozzle to atomize the lubricant and water into oil mist and water mist;
the liquid nitrogen supply device is connected with the nozzle and positioned at the front end of the nozzle;
when the liquid nitrogen, the oil mist and the water mist are ejected from the nozzle, the oil mist and the water mist are coated around the liquid nitrogen.
2. The automatic liquid nitrogen compounding spray cooling system of claim 1, wherein the liquid nitrogen supply device comprises a liquid nitrogen source, a liquid nitrogen valve, a low temperature valve and a nitrogen supply pipeline, wherein the liquid nitrogen source, the liquid nitrogen valve and the low temperature valve are sequentially connected to the nitrogen supply pipeline, and the nitrogen supply pipeline is connected with the nozzle.
3. The automatic liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system as recited in claim 2, wherein the nitrogen supply pipeline is provided with a heat preservation and insulation layer.
4. The automated liquid nitrogen compound spray cooling system of claim 1, wherein the lubricant supply means comprises a tank, an oil pump, and an oil supply line, the tank and the oil pump being connected to the oil supply line, the oil supply line being connected to the nozzle.
5. The automated liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system of claim 4, wherein the air supply means comprises an air supply, an air intake valve, an oil gas valve, and a first air supply line, the air supply, air intake valve, and oil gas valve being connected to the first air supply line, the first air supply line being connected to the oil pump.
6. The automated liquid nitrogen complex spray cooling system of claim 5, wherein the water supply means comprises a water tank, a water inlet valve, a water pump, a filter, and a water supply line, the water tank, the water inlet valve, the water pump, and the filter being connected to the water supply line, the water supply line being connected to the nozzle.
7. The automated liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system of claim 6, wherein the water supply further comprises a return regulator valve, a return valve, and a return line, the return regulator valve and the return valve being connected to the return line, the return line being connected between the water tank and the filter.
8. The automated liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system of claim 6, wherein the air supply device further comprises a tank air valve, a first pressure regulating valve, and a second air supply line, the air supply, the tank air valve, and the first pressure regulating valve being connected to the second air supply line, the second air supply line being connected to the tank.
9. The automated liquid nitrogen composite spray cooling system of claim 5, wherein the air supply device further comprises a dryer, a normal pressure valve, a second pressure regulating valve, and a third air supply line, the air supply, dryer, normal pressure valve, and second pressure regulating valve being connected to the third air supply line, the third air supply line being connected to the nozzle.
10. The automated liquid nitrogen complex spray cooling system of claim 1, further comprising a control device electrically connected to the liquid nitrogen supply device, the lubricant supply device, the water supply device, and the air supply device, respectively, the control device being configured to control the flow rates of the respective substances supplied to the nozzle by the liquid nitrogen supply device, the lubricant supply device, the water supply device, and the air supply device.
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| CN108406434A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-08-17 | 东莞安默琳机械制造技术有限公司 | Carbide cutting method based on liquid nitrogen cooling and lubricating |
| CN109174486A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-11 | 广州汇专工具有限公司 | A kind of low temperature process nozzle |
| CN109686709A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-26 | 上海新储集成电路有限公司 | A kind of fast cooling device and method |
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| CN101811269A (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2010-08-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Low-temperature trace lubrication system |
| CN105372290A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-02 | 西安交通大学 | Aircraft ground thermal simulation test apparatus capable of rapidly cooling |
| CN106826390A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-13 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of difficult-to-machine material deep cooling system of processing for automating liquid nitrogen flow control |
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