CN107639325B - Method for welding blade and cover plate - Google Patents
Method for welding blade and cover plate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of water pump manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for welding a thin blade and a cover plate. The invention discloses a method for welding a blade and a cover plate, which aims to solve the problems of large welding deformation and high welding cost caused by high heat input when a conventional welding method is adopted to weld the blade and the cover plate of a thin piece. When welding and fixing the blade and the cover plate of the thin part, firstly temporarily fixing the front surfaces of the blade and the cover plate, and marking a welding track on the back surface of the cover plate; coating a layer of active agent on the back of the cover plate along the welding track; and then the welding and fixing between the blade and the cover plate are completed by penetrating the cover plate on the back of the cover plate. When the method is adopted to weld and fix the blade and the cover plate of the thin part, the heat input quantity can be reduced, the welding deformation can be reduced, the use of electric quantity can be reduced, and the welding cost can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water pump manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for welding a thin blade and a cover plate.
Background
The water pump is widely applied to actual production and life, such as delivery of water for life production, discharge of dirty water, irrigation of crops and the like. Wherein, in the production manufacturing process of water pump, need carry out fixed connection with the blade in the water pump and apron, the availability factor and the life of water pump are directly influenced to the good or bad of both connection effect.
At present, the most common method for fixedly connecting the blade and the cover plate in the water pump is welding. The blade and the cover plate are connected into a whole by continuously welding along the connecting position of the blade and the cover plate. Therefore, the connection of the blade and the cover plate can be realized, and the blade and the cover plate are continuously welded at the connection positions of the blade and the cover plate, so that the blade and the cover plate form continuous welding seams at the connection positions, gaps are prevented from appearing at the connection positions of the blade and the cover plate, and the efficiency of the water pump is ensured.
However, when the thin blade and the cover plate are welded, for example, when the blade and the cover plate are welded on a water pump with a front cover plate thickness of 1mm, a rear cover plate thickness of 1.5mm and a blade thickness of 2mm, although the firmness of welding and fixing between the cover plate and the blade can be ensured by adopting conventional inert gas tungsten electrode arc welding or laser welding, the welding deformation between the cover plate and the blade is large due to too small thickness of the cover plate and the blade and the heat input amount generated by the conventional welding method is high, and the welding cost is increased due to the high heat input amount.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for welding a blade and a cover plate, aiming at solving the problems of large welding deformation and high welding cost caused by high heat input when the blade and the cover plate of a thin piece are welded by adopting a conventional welding method. When the method is used for welding and fixing the blade and the cover plate of the thin part, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, temporarily assembling and fixing the blade and the front surface of the cover plate, and marking a welding track on the back surface of the cover plate; the welding track is the same as the contact track of the blade and the front surface of the cover plate;
step S2, coating a layer of active agent with uniform thickness on the back of the cover plate along the welding track;
and step S3, welding and fixing the blade and the cover plate along the welding track on the back surface of the cover plate.
Preferably, in step S1, a fixing groove is provided on a front surface of the cover plate for inserting the blade; the shape track of the fixing groove is the same as the contact track of the blade and the front surface of the cover plate, and the depth of the fixing groove is 1/3 of the thickness of the cover plate.
Preferably, in step S2, the main component of the activator is Al2O3Powder, MnO powder, Cr2O3Powder of Fe2O3Powder, SiO2Powder B2O3Powder, NaF powder, TiO2And (3) powder.
Further preferably, the active agent comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: al (Al)2O37-9% of powder, 7-9% of MnO powder and Cr2O312 to 14 percent of powder and Fe2O3The powder is 12 to 1 percent5％，SiO221 to 37 percent of powder and B2O310 to 12 percent of powder, 10 to 12 percent of NaF powder and TiO2The powder is 5-8%.
Further preferably, the coating amount of the active agent along the welding track is 0.05 g/cm.
Preferably, in step S3, the welding tracks on the back surface of the cover plate are symmetrically welded alternately.
Preferably, in step S3, the two end points of the welding track are first fixed by spot welding, and then the middle area of the welding track is continuously welded.
Preferably, in step S3, inert gas tungsten arc welding is used.
Preferably, in the step S3, laser welding is used.
By adopting the method for welding the blade and the cover plate, the method has the following beneficial effects when the thin blade and the cover plate are welded:
1. firstly, temporarily fixing the front surfaces of the blade and the cover plate, and marking a welding track on the back surface of the cover plate; coating a layer of active agent on the back of the cover plate along the welding track; and then the welding and fixing between the blade and the cover plate are completed by penetrating the cover plate on the back of the cover plate. Therefore, under the condition of ensuring the quality of a welding seam, the heat input quantity in the welding process can be reduced by coating a layer of active agent before welding, the deformation between the blade and the cover plate caused by welding heat is reduced, the quality of welding forming of the blade and the cover plate is improved, the use of electric quantity in the welding process is reduced, the welding cost is reduced, the welding speed is improved, and the welding efficiency of the blade and the cover plate is improved.
2. In the invention, when welding between the blade and the cover plate is carried out by penetrating the cover plate, a plurality of sections of welding tracks are symmetrically and alternately welded, and when welding is carried out along each section of welding track, two end parts of the welding track are firstly fixed by spot welding, and then the middle area of the welding track is continuously welded. Therefore, the warping deformation between the blade and the cover plate in the welding process can be reduced, a good welding seam is formed between the blade and the cover plate, and the welding quality of the blade and the cover plate is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a welding sequence for welding a plurality of welding tracks;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic view of a weld between the blade and the back cover plate in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic view of a weld between the blade and the back cover plate in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic view of a weld between the blade and the back cover plate in comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic image of a weld between the blade and the back shroud in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The method for welding the blade and the cover plate comprises the following specific steps of:
step S1, temporarily fixing the blade to be welded to the front surface of the cover plate, and marking a welding track on the back surface of the cover plate for welding the blade and the cover plate. Wherein, the welding track is the same as the contact track of the front surfaces of the blade and the cover plate.
Preferably, before the blades and the cover plate are temporarily assembled and fixed, the front surface of the cover plate is first provided with the same number of fixing grooves as the blades. Wherein the track shape of the fixing groove on the cover plate is the same as the contact track between the blade and the cover plate, and the depth of the fixing groove is equal to 1/3 of the thickness dimension of the cover plate. Like this, when carrying out interim group to fixed to blade and apron, with blade cartridge to the fixed slot in, can realize the interim group of blade and apron and fix. In addition, the processing angle of the fixing groove can be adjusted according to the fixing angle between the blade and the cover plate, so that the accuracy of the group position relation between the blade and the cover plate is guaranteed.
And step S2, coating a layer of active agent with uniform thickness on the back of the cover plate along the welding track.
Preferably, the active agent is a powdered active agent, which is predominantlyComponent Al2O3Powder, MnO powder, Cr2O3Powder of Fe2O3Powder, SiO2Powder B2O3Powder, NaF powder and TiO2And (3) powder. Further preferably, the mass percentages of the main components in the active agent are as follows: al (Al)2O37-9% of powder, 7-9% of MnO powder and Cr2O312 to 14 percent of powder and Fe2O312 to 15 percent of powder and SiO221 to 37 percent of powder and B2O310 to 12 percent of powder, 10 to 12 percent of NaF powder and TiO2The powder is 5-8%.
In this example, first, the powders constituting the active agent are placed in a mixing container by mass percentage; then, adding a proper amount of acetone into the mixing container, and uniformly stirring until a pasty active agent is formed; then, the paste-like active agent is uniformly applied to the welding traces on the back surface of the cap plate by means of a brush. Wherein, when the penetration welding is carried out on a cover plate with the thickness of 1-1.5 mm, the coating amount of the active agent is controlled to be 0.05g/cm along the length direction of a welding track.
And step S3, after the active agent coated on the back of the cover plate is dried, penetrating the cover plate on the back of the cover plate along the welding track to weld and fix the blade and the cover plate.
Preferably, when the blade and the cover plate are welded and fixed along the welding tracks, the welding tracks are symmetrically and alternately welded. Like this, through carrying out symmetry welding in turn to the multistage welding orbit, can carry out effectual control to the clearance change between blade and the apron in the welding process, avoid taking place serious relative warp deformation between blade and apron in the welding process to reduce the deformation volume between blade and the apron in the welding process, guarantee to form continuous stable and of high quality welding seam between blade and apron, improve the welding quality to blade and apron.
For example, as shown in fig. 1, when six blades are provided in the impeller of the water pump, six welding tracks are formed on the back surface of the cover plate, and the six welding tracks are numbered as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the clockwise direction. At this time, welding between the welding tracks is sequentially performed in the order of numbers 1, 4, 5, 2, 3, and 6, thereby completing the welding fixation between the shroud and the blade. Similarly, if five or seven blades are arranged in the impeller of the water pump, the welding is also carried out in a symmetrical and alternate sequence until the welding of the last section of welding track is finished. In addition, if the impeller of the water pump is of a closed structure, namely the impeller is provided with a front cover plate and a rear cover plate, welding of all welding seam tracks in the front cover plate (or the rear cover plate) is firstly completed, then the impeller is turned over, and then all welding seam tracks in the rear cover plate (or the front cover plate) are welded.
Further preferably, when welding each segment of the welding track, first, both end portions of the welding track are fixed by spot welding, and then, the middle area of the welding track is continuously welded. Like this, can further reduce the warp deformation along the welding track direction between blade and the apron to reduce the welding deformation volume between blade and the apron, guarantee to blade and apron welded fastness.
In the present embodiment, when the cover plate and the blade are welded, the inert gas tungsten arc welding or laser welding may be used. Meanwhile, a water cooling unit is adopted to cool the welding process in the welding process, so that heat input generated in the welding process is quickly absorbed, the heat diffusion on the blades and the cover plate is limited, and the deformation of the blades and the cover plate caused by welding heat is reduced.
In example 1, the cover plate and the blades of the closed impeller were welded and fixed by inert gas tungsten arc welding.
In this embodiment, 304 stainless steel is used for both the cover plate and the blades, wherein the thickness of the front cover plate is 1.0mm, the thickness of the rear cover plate is 1.5mm, the thickness of the blades is 2mm, and the number of the blades is 6, so that six sections of welding tracks are formed on the back surface of the front cover plate and the back surface of the rear cover plate respectively. The active agent contains 9% Al2O39% MnO and 14% Cr2O314% Fe2O323% of SiO212% of B2O312% NaF and 7% TiO2And coating of 0.05g/cm is performed along the welding trace, wherein the coating width of the active agent is controlled to be about 2 mm. The welding power supply adopts Panasonic YC-400TX, the cooling device adopts a Panasonic YX-09KGC water cooling unit, and the welding robot adopts a Panasonic TA-1400 robot. During the welding process, the included angle between the welding gun and the welding line is kept to be 75 degrees, and other welding parameters are detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1
In example 2, the cover plate and the blades of the closed impeller were welded and fixed by laser welding.
In this embodiment, 304 stainless steel is used for both the cover plate and the blades, wherein the thickness of the front cover plate is 1.0mm, the thickness of the rear cover plate is 1.5mm, the thickness of the blades is 2mm, and the number of the blades is 6, so that six sections of welding tracks are formed on the back surface of the front cover plate and the back surface of the rear cover plate respectively. The active agent comprises 7% of Al2O37% of MnO and 12% of Cr2O312% of Fe2O337% of SiO210% of B2O310% NaF and 5% TiO2And coating of 0.05g/cm is performed along the welding trace, wherein the coating width of the active agent is controlled to be about 2 mm. The laser adopts TRUMPF TruDisk2002, the cooling device adopts a TONGFEI TFLW-2000WDR water cooling unit, and the welding robot adopts a STATUBLI TX200 robot. During the welding process, the included angle between the welding gun and the welding line is kept to be 90 degrees, and other welding parameters are detailed in table 2.
TABLE 2
In comparative example 1, the cover plate and the blades of the closed-type impeller were welded and fixed in the same manner as in example 1. The differences are as follows: first, no active agent was used in comparative example 1; secondly, the welding parameters are adjusted, and the details of the adjusted welding parameters are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
In comparative example 2, the cover plate and the blades of the closed-type impeller were welded and fixed in the same manner as in example 2. The differences are as follows: first, no active agent was used in comparative example 2; secondly, the welding parameters are adjusted, and the details of the adjusted welding parameters are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
Next, metallographic analysis of the weld positions was performed on the blades and the cover plates to which the fixed connection was completed by the methods of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, and corresponding metallographic maps were obtained. FIG. 2 is a metallographic view of a weld between the blade and the back cover plate in example 1; FIG. 3 is a metallographic representation of the weld between the blade and the back cover plate in example 2; FIG. 4 is a metallographic image of a weld between the blade and the back cover plate in comparative example 1; FIG. 5 is a metallographic image of a weld between the blade and the back shroud in comparative example 2.
By comparing fig. 2-5, it can be concluded that: when the blade and the cover plate are fixedly connected by welding, whether the methods of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 or the methods of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are adopted, welding seams with uniform transition between the blade and the cover plate are obtained, and the sizes of crystal grains in the welding seam area are uniform.
Next, the vane and the cover plate, which were fixedly coupled by the methods of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, were subjected to a macro test analysis of the weld positions, and the analysis results are detailed in table 5.
TABLE 5
As shown in table 5, when the blade and the cover plate are fixedly welded, no crack, no fusion, no penetration, no air hole, no slag inclusion, and other welding defects are found in the obtained welding seam, no matter the method of example 1 or example 2 is adopted, or the method of comparative example 1 or comparative example 2 is adopted, and the welding seam has good quality.
Next, the blade and the cover plate, which were fixedly coupled by the methods of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, were subjected to a weld position hardness test, and the test results are detailed in table 6.
TABLE 6
In combination with table 6, in the case of welding and fixing the blade and the shroud, the hardness of the weld obtained by the methods of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2 was higher than that of the base material, and the hardness of the weld obtained in examples 1 and 2 was slightly higher than that of the weld obtained in comparative examples 1 and 2. Therefore, the weld obtained by the methods of examples 1 and 2 has better hardness properties.
Next, intergranular corrosion tests of the weld locations were performed on the blade and the shroud, which were fixedly joined by the methods of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, and the test results are detailed in table 7.
TABLE 7
With reference to table 7, when the blade and the cover plate are fixedly connected by welding, the weld joints obtained by the methods of example 1 and example 2 or comparative examples 1 and 2 all meet the qualified requirements in the intergranular corrosion test.
Next, the deformation amount between the blade and the cover plate, which were fixedly coupled by the methods of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, was measured, and the results of the measurements are detailed in table 8.
TABLE 8
With reference to table 8, after the welding and fixing of the blade and the cover plate were completed by the method of example 1, the amount of deformation between the blade and the cover plate was 0.85 °; after the welding and fixing of the blade and the cover plate are completed by adopting the method of the embodiment 2, the deformation between the blade and the cover plate is 0.70 degrees; after the welding and fixing of the blade and the cover plate are completed by adopting the method of the comparative example 1, the deformation between the blade and the cover plate is 3.70 degrees; after the welding fixation of the blade and the cover plate was completed by the method of comparative example 2, the amount of deformation between the blade and the cover plate was 3.10 °. In example 1, the deformation amount between the blade and the cover plate is only 22% of the deformation amount between the blade and the cover plate in comparative example 1, and the deformation amount between the blade and the cover plate in example 2 is also only 22% of the deformation amount between the blade and the cover plate in comparative example 2.
In summary, as can be seen from the analysis in table 1-table 8 and fig. 2-fig. 5, when the thin blade and the cover plate are welded and fixed, in the case that the quality of the obtained weld is ensured to be equivalent and the test detection is qualified, compared with the case that the same welding method is adopted, by coating the active agent with specific components before welding, not only can the input heat of the welding process be greatly reduced, the deformation between the blade and the cover plate be reduced, and the use of electric quantity is reduced, the welding cost is reduced, but also the welding speed can be improved, and the welding efficiency is improved.
When inert gas tungsten electrode arc welding is adopted, the welding current values of the front cover plate and the rear cover plate are respectively reduced to 45A and 60A from 90A and 120A by coating an active agent before welding, the current value is reduced by 50%, and meanwhile, the deformation between the blade and the cover plate is reduced to 0.85 degrees from 3.70 degrees; when laser welding is adopted, the laser power for welding the front cover plate and the rear cover plate is respectively reduced from 1700W and 1800W to 900W and 1000W by coating active agent before welding, the laser power is respectively reduced by 47 percent and 44 percent, and the deformation between the blade and the cover plate is simultaneously reduced from 3.10 degrees to 0.70 degrees. Therefore, the active agent with specific components is coated before welding, so that the heat input amount in the welding process is greatly reduced, the deformation between the blade and the cover plate caused by welding heat is reduced, the welding quality is improved, the use of electric quantity is reduced, and the welding cost is reduced.
In addition, when inert gas tungsten electrode arc welding is adopted, the welding speed of the front cover plate and the rear cover plate is increased to 100mm/s and 90mm/s from 40mm/s and 30mm/s respectively by coating the active agent before welding, and the welding speed is increased by 1.5 times and 1.3 times respectively; when laser welding is adopted, the welding speed of the front cover plate and the rear cover plate is respectively increased to 30mm/s and 25mm/s from 20mm/s and 18mm/s by coating the active agent before welding, and is respectively increased by 0.5 time and 0.4 time, so that the welding speed is increased, and the welding efficiency of the blade and the cover plate is improved.
Claims (5)
1. A method for welding a blade and a cover plate is characterized in that laser welding is adopted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, temporarily assembling and fixing the blade and the front surface of the cover plate, and marking a welding track on the back surface of the cover plate; the welding track is the same as the contact track of the blade and the front surface of the cover plate;
step S2, coating a layer of active agent with uniform thickness on the back of the cover plate along the welding track;
step S3, welding and fixing the blade and the cover plate on the back of the cover plate along the welding track;
the main component of the active agent is Al2O3Powder, MnO powder, Cr2O3Powder of Fe2O3Powder, SiO2Powder B2O3Powder, NaF powder, TiO2Powder, and the active agent comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: al (Al)2O37-9% of powder, 7-9% of MnO powder and Cr2O312 to 14 percent of powder and Fe2O312 to 15 percent of powder and SiO221 to 37 percent of powder and B2O310 to 12 percent of powder, 10 to 12 percent of NaF powder and TiO2The powder is 5-8%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, a fixing groove is provided on the front surface of the cover plate for inserting the blade; the shape track of the fixing groove is the same as the contact track of the blade and the front surface of the cover plate, and the depth of the fixing groove is 1/3 of the thickness of the cover plate.
3. The method of welding a blade to a cover plate of claim 2, wherein the active agent is applied in an amount of 0.05g/cm along the weld path.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the welding is performed symmetrically and alternately between different welding tracks on the back side of the cover plate.
5. The method of welding a blade and a cover plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the two end points of the welding track are first spot-welded and then the middle area of the welding track is continuously welded.
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