CN107632043B - Device and method for testing weak impact ignition threshold of explosive - Google Patents
Device and method for testing weak impact ignition threshold of explosive Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a device and a method for testing an ignition threshold value of an explosive under weak impact, which solve the problem that the ignition threshold value of the explosive under weak impact has no reliable test device and test method, and the basic principle is that detonation waves generated by detonation of a main explosive act on the initiated explosive after being attenuated by a partition plate to cause the initiated explosive to react, the reaction form of the initiated explosive is judged through the depth of a pit formed by a base, the deformation of an initiated shell and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of explosive performance parameter experiments, and relates to a device and a method for testing an explosive weak impact ignition threshold value, which are mainly used for measuring the critical pressure of ignition of a booster under the action of shock waves and providing technical support for development of novel boosters.
Background
The study of the impact initiation of non-ideal explosives involves two aspects, and for the purpose of reliable use, researchers wish to obtain the lowest shock wave pressure at which the booster is reliably initiated, i.e., the critical initiation pressure, and for safety reasons, researchers wish to know the lowest pressure at which accidental firing of the booster occurs, i.e., the critical firing pressure, and it is clear that the latter is a value lower than or equal to the former. At present, the SSGT test method for shock wave sensitivity of booster explosive is established in China, the test method for shock wave sensitivity of booster explosive is strictly specified in the GJB2178-1994 booster explosive safety test method, and the method is uniformly utilized to carry out tests, so that the test result can be ensured to be accurate and reliable, and the transverse comparability is realized. However, in the practical application process, the test data obtained by the test method is relative and is a relatively comparative sensitivity sequence, and the practical operation is difficult to guide, for example, whether the booster is safe or not under the condition of slightly lower than the critical detonation pressure and what degree of reaction occurs, the existing test method cannot give an accurate answer. In summary, the prior art test devices and methods have two problems as follows:
(1) the critical ignition pressure of the booster cannot be obtained;
(2) lack of critical ignition criterion for booster charge.
The booster explosive is a relatively sensitive component in an ammunition system, the safety of the booster explosive is particularly important, the conventional test method can only give out critical pressure or critical partition plate thickness causing booster explosion, and no accurate data exists for more dangerous critical ignition pressure, so that a novel test device and a test method are required to be designed for accurately measuring the critical ignition pressure of the booster explosive under the action of shock waves.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or shortcomings of the existing testing device, the application provides the device and the method for testing the weak impact ignition threshold of the explosive, and the device and the method have the characteristics of strong universality, simplicity and convenience in operation, safety and high accuracy of a measuring result.
In order to achieve the above object, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present application: a device and a method for testing the weak impact ignition threshold of an explosive are characterized in that: the device comprises a base 1, a cover plate 2, a casing 3 to be sent out, a casing 4 to be sent out, a nut 5, a gasket 6, a screw 7, a partition plate 8, a detonator seat 9, a main explosive 10 to be sent out, an explosive 11 to be sent out and a detonator 12, the whole device is of a flat coaxial structure, the base 1 is of a square shape, the upper surface of the base is provided with a circular boss structure with the height of 23mm, the circular boss separates the upper surface of the base 1, a cylindrical groove is formed on the upper surface of the base 1, the diameter of the cylindrical groove is 67mm and is used for collecting the crushed explosive to be sent out, four corner positions of the base 1 are respectively provided with a U-shaped groove, the central axis of the U-shaped groove is vertical to the edge where the U-shaped groove is located, the open design can ensure that the device is disassembled under the condition that the cover plate is greatly deformed, the crushed explosive to be sent out can be conveniently taken out, the base 1, the cover plate 2 is of a flat plate structure, four U-shaped grooves are arranged at positions corresponding to the base 1, a through hole A with the diameter of 32mm is arranged at the center of the cover plate 2, the sent shell 3 is of a hollow variable-diameter cylinder structure and is freely placed at the center of a cylindrical groove of the base 1, the whole height of the sent shell 3 is 38.1mm, the lower half part of the sent shell 3 is 45mm and 23mm, the upper half part of the sent shell 3 is 25mm and 15.1mm, the variable-diameter structure can ensure that the strength of a shell restraint body received by the sent explosive is consistent with that of a document report, so that test data is more comparable, a through hole B with the diameter of about 5mm is arranged on the longitudinal axis of the sent shell 3, the upper half part of the sent shell 3 penetrates through the through hole A of the cover plate 2, the gasket 6 is sleeved on the screw 7 and placed between the screw 7 and the base 1, the cover plate 2 and the base 1 are fastened by a screw 7 and a nut 5, the casing 3 is compacted and fixed, the clapboard 8 is a circular plate with the diameter of 25mm, the material of the hair-receiving cover can be PMMA organic glass, aluminum, steel and the like according to the requirement, and the hair-receiving cover is freely placed above the hair-receiving shell body 3, the main hair-emitting shell 4 is a hollow cylinder structure, the inner diameter of the main hair-emitting shell 4 is 5mm, the outer diameter is 25mm, the height is 38.1mm, the main hair-emitting shell is freely placed above the clapboard 8, the detonator seat 9 is of a hollow cylindrical structure, the detonator seat 9 has the inner diameter of 5.1mm, the outer diameter of 25.3mm and the height of 20mm, and is freely placed above the main power generating shell 4, the detonator 12 is placed in the detonator seat 9, the primary explosive 10 is pressed into a charge column with the diameter of 5mm and placed in the primary shell 4, the to-be-fired explosive 11 is pressed into a charge column with the diameter of 5mm and is placed in the to-be-fired shell 3;
a method for testing the weak impact ignition threshold of an explosive comprises the following steps:
step one, designing and processing a test device according to the method, preparing a main explosive 10 and a to-be-fired explosive 11, wherein the main explosive 10 and the to-be-fired explosive 11 are formed by five to eight small explosive columns, so that the explosive is more convenient to form, and the test device is easier to assemble;
secondly, respectively filling a main explosive powder 10 and a passive explosive powder 11 into a main explosive shell 4 and a passive explosive shell 3, then placing the passive explosive shell 3 at the center of a cylindrical groove of the base 1, then placing the cover plate 2, fixing the relative positions of the cover plate 2, the passive explosive shell 3 and the base 1 by using a screw 7 and a nut 5, and placing the whole component on a flat and hard ground;
thirdly, placing the partition plate 8 on the upper end face of the casing to be detonated 3, then sequentially placing the main casing to be detonated 4 and the detonator seat 9, placing the detonator 12 into the detonator seat 9 after safety is confirmed, evacuating personnel, and detonating the detonator 12 after safety is confirmed;
step four, whether the detonation is successful or not is preliminarily judged through the sound generated after the detonation, and whether the reaction form of the detonated explosive 11 is detonation, semi-detonation or unreacted is judged, wherein the reaction form is more violent as the sound is larger generally;
after fifteen minutes, quantitatively judging the reaction form of the initiated explosive 11 by measuring the depth of the pit of the base 1, and judging the detonation reaction if the depth of the pit is more than one half of the depth of the pit formed by the detonation of the initiated explosive 11;
and step six, if the base 1 has no obvious pits and crushed particles of the to-be-fired explosive 11 can be found in the cylindrical groove of the base 1, judging that the reaction form is unreacted, further observing the deformation condition of the to-be-fired shell 3, judging that the reaction form is unreacted if the to-be-fired shell 3 is complete and has no ablation or deformation, judging that the ignition reaction has occurred if the to-be-fired shell 3 is complete and has slight ablation or no obvious deformation at the port, wherein the corresponding thickness of the partition plate is the critical ignition partition plate thickness of the to-be-fired explosive 11, and the corresponding impact pressure is the critical ignition pressure of the to-be-fired explosive 11.
Compared with the prior art, the device has the following advantages:
(1) the critical ignition pressure of the booster charge can be accurately measured;
(2) provides the critical ignition criterion of the booster.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the test apparatus, 1-base, 2-cover plate, 3-passive shell, 4-primary shell, 5-nut, 6-washer, 7-screw, 8-spacer, 9-detonator seat, 10-primary explosive, 11-passive explosive and 12-detonator;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the base;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the cover plate;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the quilt cover;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the primary hair housing;
figure 6 is a front view of the detonator seat.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
Designing a processing test device, carrying out an impact ignition test, collecting the residue of the explosive to be sent, judging the reaction form, and measuring the critical ignition pressure of the JH-14 booster.
The device comprises a base 1, a cover plate 2, a casing to be fired 3, a casing to be fired 4, a nut 5, a gasket 6, a screw 7, a partition plate 8, a detonator seat 9, a explosive to be fired 10, an explosive to be fired 11 and a detonator 12, the whole device is designed to be of a flat coaxial structure, the base 1 is square, the height of a circular boss structure on the upper surface of the base is 23mm, the circular boss separates the upper surface of the base 1, a cylindrical groove is formed on the upper surface of the base 1, the diameter of the cylindrical groove is 67mm, four corner positions of the base 1 are respectively provided with a U-shaped groove, the central axis of the U-shaped groove is vertical to the edge where the U-shaped groove is located, the base 1 is made of No. twenty soft steel, the cover plate 2 is of a flat plate structure, four U-shaped grooves are arranged at positions corresponding to the base 1, the opening of the U-shaped groove is 16mm and the depth is 40mm, a through hole A with the diameter of 32, the casing 3 to be sent out is a hollow variable-diameter cylinder structure, and is freely placed in the center position of the cylindrical groove of the base 1, the whole height of the casing 3 to be sent out is 38.1mm, the lower half diameter of the casing 3 to be sent out is 45mm, the height is 23mm, the upper half diameter of the casing 3 to be sent out is 25mm, the height is 15.1mm, a through hole B with the diameter of 5mm is arranged on the longitudinal axis of the casing 3 to be sent out, the upper half of the casing 3 to be sent out passes through the through hole A of the cover plate 2, the gasket 6 is sleeved on the screw 7 and is placed between the screw 7 and the base 1, the cover plate 2 and the base 1 are fastened through the screw 7 and the nut 5, and compact and fix the casing 3 to be sent out, a gap of 3.5mm is reserved between the cover plate 2 and the casing 3 to be sent out, the clapboard 8 is a circular plate with the diameter of 25mm, the primary detonator seat 9 is of a hollow cylindrical structure and made of wood, the inner diameter of the primary detonator seat 9 is 5.1mm, the outer diameter of the primary detonator seat 9 is 25.3mm and the height of the primary detonator seat is 20mm, the primary detonator seat is freely placed above the primary detonator seat 4, the type of the detonator 12 is No. 21, the primary detonator 10 is pressed into a powder column with the diameter of 5mm and placed in the primary detonator seat 4, and the primary detonator 11 is pressed into a powder column with the diameter of 5mm and placed in the secondary shell 3;
a method for testing the weak impact ignition threshold of an explosive comprises the following steps:
step one, designing and processing a test device according to the method, and preparing a main explosive 10 and a secondary explosive 11, wherein the main explosive 10 and the secondary explosive 11 are formed by seven sections of small explosive columns, the height of each section of explosive column is 5.429mm, the total height is 38.1mm, and the pressed density is 1.65 g-cm-1The total mass of the seven sections of the grains is about 1.2 g;
secondly, the main explosive 10 is JH-14, the explosive to be fired 11 is also selected to be JH-14, the main explosive 10 and the explosive to be fired 11 are respectively arranged in a main explosive shell 4 and an explosive to be fired 3, special care should be taken in the test process to prevent ignition accidents caused by friction between a booster explosive and the shells, then the explosive to be fired 3 is placed at the center of the cylindrical groove of the base 1, then the cover plate 2 is placed, the relative positions of the cover plate 2, the explosive to be fired 3 and the base 1 are fixed by using a screw 7 and a nut 5, and the whole part is placed at a flat position in an anti-explosion container;
thirdly, placing the partition plate 8 on the upper end face of the initiated shell 3, selecting the initial thickness of the partition plate 8 to be 15mm according to experience, enabling the shock wave pressure acting on the initiated explosive to be about 2Gpa, then sequentially placing the main initiated shell 4 and the detonator seat 9, placing the No. 21 detonator 12 into the detonator seat 9 after safety confirmation, evacuating personnel, and initiating the detonator 12 after safety confirmation;
after detonation, firstly hearing the detonation sound of the main explosive, and acting on the metal collision sound which flies the cover plate 2 and the screw 7 after the explosive is detonated;
fifthly, opening the anti-explosion container after fifteen minutes, and measuring the pit depth of the base 1 to be 0.55mm by using a depth gauge, wherein the pit depth is less than one half of the pit depth (1.95mm) formed by detonation of the explosive 11, so that the possibility of detonation reaction can be preliminarily eliminated;
and step six, collecting crushed particles of the to-be-fired explosive 11 in the cylindrical groove of the base 1, further observing the deformation condition of the to-be-fired shell 3, judging that the to-be-fired shell 3 is slightly deformed and the port has slight ablation, and judging that the to-be-fired shell is an ignition reaction, wherein the thickness of a JH-14 booster critical ignition partition plate used in the test is 15mm, and the corresponding critical ignition pressure is 2 Gpa.
Example 2
Designing a processing test device, carrying out impact ignition test, collecting the residue of the explosive to be fired, judging the reaction form, measuring A-IX-I (II type 2 type RDX 95%, mixing desensitizer 5%), press-fitting, and forming to obtain a product with a density of 1.65g cm-3Critical ignition pressure of booster.
The device comprises a base 1, a cover plate 2, a casing to be fired 3, a casing to be fired 4, a nut 5, a gasket 6, a screw 7, a partition plate 8, a detonator seat 9, a explosive to be fired 10, an explosive to be fired 11 and a detonator 12, the whole device is designed to be of a flat coaxial structure, the base 1 is square, the height of a circular boss structure on the upper surface of the base is 23mm, the circular boss separates the upper surface of the base 1, a cylindrical groove is formed on the upper surface of the base 1, the diameter of the cylindrical groove is 67mm, four corner positions of the base 1 are respectively provided with a U-shaped groove, the central axis of the U-shaped groove is vertical to the edge where the U-shaped groove is located, the base 1 is made of No. twenty soft steel, the cover plate 2 is of a flat plate structure, four U-shaped grooves are arranged at positions corresponding to the base 1, the opening of the U-shaped groove is 16mm and the depth is 40mm, a through hole A with the diameter of 32, the casing 3 to be sent out is a hollow variable-diameter cylinder structure, and is freely placed in the center position of the cylindrical groove of the base 1, the whole height of the casing 3 to be sent out is 38.1mm, the lower half diameter of the casing 3 to be sent out is 45mm, the height is 23mm, the upper half diameter of the casing 3 to be sent out is 25mm, the height is 15.1mm, a through hole B with the diameter of 5mm is arranged on the longitudinal axis of the casing 3 to be sent out, the upper half of the casing 3 to be sent out passes through the through hole A of the cover plate 2, the gasket 6 is sleeved on the screw 7 and is placed between the screw 7 and the base 1, the cover plate 2 and the base 1 are fastened through the screw 7 and the nut 5, and compact and fix the casing 3 to be sent out, a gap of 3.5mm is reserved between the cover plate 2 and the casing 3 to be sent out, the clapboard 8 is a circular plate with the diameter of 25mm, the primary detonator seat 9 is of a hollow cylindrical structure and made of wood, the inner diameter of the primary detonator seat 9 is 5.1mm, the outer diameter of the primary detonator seat 9 is 25.3mm and the height of the primary detonator seat is 20mm, the primary detonator seat is freely placed above the primary detonator seat 4, the type of the detonator 12 is No. 21, the primary detonator 10 is pressed into a powder column with the diameter of 5mm and placed in the primary detonator seat 4, and the primary detonator 11 is pressed into a powder column with the diameter of 5mm and placed in the secondary shell 3;
a method for testing the weak impact ignition threshold of an explosive comprises the following steps:
step one, designing and processing a test device according to the method, and preparing a main partThe explosive 10 is JH-14, the explosive 11 is A-IX-I, the main explosive 10 and the explosive 11 are composed of seven small explosive columns, the height of each explosive column is 5.429mm, the total height is 38.1mm, and the pressed density of JH-14 is 1.65g cm-1The total mass of the seven sections of the explosive columns is about 1.20g, and the pressed density of A-IX-I is 1.67g cm-1The total mass of the seven sections of the grains is about 1.23 g;
secondly, respectively filling a main explosive powder 10 and a secondary explosive powder 11 into a main explosive shell 4 and a secondary explosive powder 3, taking special care in the test process to prevent ignition accidents caused by friction between a booster explosive and the shells, then placing the secondary explosive powder 3 at the center of a cylindrical groove of the base 1, then placing the cover plate 2, fixing the relative positions of the cover plate 2, the secondary explosive powder 3 and the base 1 by using a screw 7 and a nut 5, and placing the whole part at a flat position in an anti-explosion container;
thirdly, placing a partition plate 8 on the upper end face of the initiated shell 3, selecting the initial thickness of the partition plate 8 to be 14mm according to experience, enabling the shock wave pressure acting on the initiated explosive to be about 2.2Gpa, then sequentially placing a main initiating shell 4 and a detonator seat 9, placing a No. 21 detonator 12 into the detonator seat 9 after safety is confirmed, evacuating personnel, and detonating the detonator 12 after safety is confirmed;
after detonation, firstly hearing the detonation sound of the main explosive, and acting on the metal collision sound which flies the cover plate 2 and the screw 7 after the explosive is detonated;
fifthly, opening the anti-explosion container after fifteen minutes, and measuring the pit depth of the base 1 to be 0.54mm by using a depth gauge, wherein the pit depth is less than one half of the pit depth (1.95mm) formed by detonation of the explosive 11, so that the possibility of detonation reaction can be preliminarily eliminated;
and step six, collecting crushed particles of the to-be-fired explosive 11 in the cylindrical groove of the base 1, further observing the deformation condition of the to-be-fired shell 3, judging that the to-be-fired shell 3 is slightly deformed and the port has slight ablation, and judging that the to-be-fired shell is an ignition reaction, wherein the thickness of the A-IX-I booster critical ignition partition plate used in the test is 14mm, and the corresponding critical ignition pressure is 2.2 Gpa.
Claims (1)
1. A method for testing the weak impact ignition threshold of an explosive is characterized by comprising the following steps: the testing method adopts an explosive weak impact ignition threshold testing device, the device comprises a base (1), a cover plate (2), a sent shell (3), a main sent shell (4), a nut (5), a gasket (6), a screw (7), a partition plate (8), a detonator seat (9), a main sent explosive (10), a sent explosive (11) and a detonator (12), the whole device is of a flat coaxial structure, the base (1) is square, a circular boss structure with the height of 23mm is arranged on the upper surface of the base, the circular boss separates the upper surface of the base (1), a cylindrical groove is formed on the upper surface of the base (1), the diameter of the cylindrical groove is 67mm, a U-shaped groove is respectively arranged at four corner positions of the base (1), the central axis of the U-shaped groove is vertical to the edge where the U-shaped groove is located, the base (1) is made of soft steel No. twenty, the cover plate (2) is of a flat plate structure, four U-shaped grooves are formed in the position corresponding to the base (1), a through hole A with the diameter of 32mm is formed in the center of the cover plate (2), the hair sending shell (3) is of a hollow variable-diameter cylinder structure and is freely placed in the center of a cylindrical groove of the base (1), the overall height of the hair sending shell (3) is 38.1mm, the lower half part of the hair sending shell (3) is 45mm and 23mm, the upper half part of the hair sending shell (3) is 25mm and 15.1mm, a through hole B with the diameter of about 5mm is formed in the longitudinal axis of the hair sending shell (3), the upper half part of the hair sending shell (3) penetrates through the through hole A of the cover plate (2), and a gasket (6) is sleeved on the screw (7) and placed between the screw (7) and the base (1), the cover plate (2) and the base (1) are fastened by a screw (7) and a nut (5) and compact and fix the casing (3) to be sent out, the partition plate (8) is a circular plate with the diameter of 25mm, the material of the partition plate is PMMA organic glass, aluminum and steel which are selected according to the requirement and freely placed above the casing (3) to be sent out, the main casing (4) is of a hollow cylinder structure, the inner diameter of the main casing (4) is 5mm, the outer diameter of the main casing is 25mm, the height of the main casing is 38.1mm, the main casing is freely placed above the partition plate (8), the detonator seat (9) is of a hollow cylinder structure, the inner diameter of the detonator seat (9) is 5.1mm, the outer diameter of the detonator seat is 25.3mm, the height of the detonator seat is 20mm, the detonator (12) is placed above the main casing (4), the main explosive (10) is pressed into a explosive column with the diameter of 5mm and placed in the main casing (4), the to-be-fired explosive (11) is pressed into a charge column with the diameter of 5mm and is placed in the to-be-fired shell (3);
the test method specifically comprises the following steps:
preparing a main explosive (10) and a secondary explosive (11), wherein the main explosive (10) and the secondary explosive (11) are formed by five to eight small explosive columns;
secondly, respectively filling a main explosive (10) and a passive explosive (11) into a main explosive shell (4) and a passive explosive shell (3), then placing the passive explosive shell (3) at the center of a cylindrical groove of the base (1), then placing the cover plate (2), fixing the relative positions of the cover plate (2), the passive explosive shell (3) and the base (1) by using a screw (7) and a nut (5), and placing the whole part on a flat and hard ground;
thirdly, placing the partition plate (8) on the upper end face of the to-be-fired shell (3), then sequentially placing the main-fired shell (4) and the detonator seat (9), placing the detonator (12) into the detonator seat (9) after safety is confirmed, evacuating personnel, and detonating the detonator (12) after safety is confirmed;
step four, whether the detonation is successful or not is preliminarily judged through the sound generated after the detonation, and whether the reaction form of the detonated explosive (11) is detonation, semi-detonation or unreacted is judged, wherein the reaction form is more violent when the sound is larger generally;
fifthly, after fifteen minutes, quantitatively judging the reaction form of the explosive (11) to be fired by measuring the depth of the pit of the base (1), and judging the detonation reaction if the depth of the pit is more than one half of the depth of the pit formed by detonation of the explosive (11) to be fired;
and sixthly, if the base (1) does not have obvious pits, and crushed particles of the to-be-fired explosive (11) can be found in the cylindrical groove of the base (1), judging that the reaction form is unreacted, further observing the deformation condition of the to-be-fired shell (3), judging that the unreacted is carried out if the to-be-fired shell (3) is complete and has no ablation or deformation, judging that the ignition reaction is carried out if the to-be-fired shell (3) is complete and has slight ablation or no obvious deformation at the port, wherein the corresponding thickness of the partition plate is the critical ignition partition plate thickness of the to-be-fired explosive (11), and the corresponding impact pressure is the critical ignition pressure of the to-be-fired explosive (11).
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| CN107655936B (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2020-05-05 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Booster critical ignition pressure measuring device |
| CN109696538B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2021-06-15 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Method for quantitatively evaluating detonation capacity of porous explosive |
| CN110132471B (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-05-08 | 北京理工大学 | Thin-wall cylindrical explosion shock wave pressure tester and assembling method thereof |
| CN112229557B (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-04-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Detonator axial output pressure testing assembly with connecting pipe |
| CN112285160A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-29 | 南京理工大学 | Strong-constraint closed container for ignition test of insensitive explosive and using method thereof |
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