CN1076233A - Rivers change its course, and river dredging and sand utilize method - Google Patents

Abstract

Change its course river dredging and sand of rivers utilizes method, the utilization that is suitable for big-and-middle-sized rivers desilting and river diversion and removes silt particle.To city, industrial and mineral, lake diversion, outlet work also is suitable for seasonal and river.Will be easy to movable geological condition with soil property, silt particle and loosening rubble etc. in the enforcement is prerequisite, still applicable after removing if any obstacle.This method solves to be used extensive human and material resources, financial resources also to be difficult to the rivers desilting of finishing for a long time or changes its course and the sand running-down problem mainly utilizes hydrodynamic force to replace manpower, and the work of mechanical force can be saved a large amount of human and material resources, financial resources.Its purposes is that rivers change its course or desilting and utilize its sand to fill out sea (ditch) and expand ground.

Description

Rivers change its course, and river dredging and sand utilize method

Provide this method to be applicable to the utilization of disposing silt particle in big-and-middle-sized rivers desilting and river realignment works and the engineering thereof.For city, industrial and mineral, lake diversion, outlet work, seasonal river this method also is suitable for.It is prerequisite that the requirement that this method is provided is easy to movable geological condition with soil property, silt particle and loosening rubble etc.Obstacle for blockiness is still applicable after elimination.

Now the method that changes its course or reduces the riverbed of rivers all is to transport with heavy a large amount of human and material resources, (comprising mechanical force) excavation; the expense of using is very high, the duration is long, work efficiency is very low; cause a lot of rivers should reduce the riverbed or change the river course and all be difficult to realize; news according to Chinese Central Television's broadcast recently shows; excavate in Huaihe River, the dredging governance engineering is to dig, take on load or animal power and part dynamic power machine with basin tens0000 civilian worker's hands to carry out, and has wasted a large amount of human and material resources, financial resources, demanded changing construction technology employing new method urgently.

The purpose that this method is provided also is for the safety that guarantees the industrial and agricultural production people's lives and properties and the needs of national defense construction, is in order to control the floods, to reduce effective utilization of floods and sand.In view of present various places rivers are dredged not smooth, the one, the popular circuit of river relatively around bent, stroke is long, the 2nd, the riverbed generally raises, the native silt particle that becomes silted up thickens, what be worth to propose especially is that the riverbed harm of increasing is even more serious, be higher than a lot of urban and rural ground surface faces in basin at the bottom of introducing Chinese large-sized river-riverbed, the Yellow River in the TV programme " dieing young in the river " according to Chinese Central Television's broadcast in 1988, what have is high several meters even tens meters, and the annual elevated thickness that continues with two centimetres in its riverbed.Arrived flood season level and soared, only blocked under water row and do not have safety assurance with protecting river levee, protected river levee pick mouthful in case flood or other reasons cause, loss will be difficult to the imagination.River floods such as Huaihe River had caused further attention in 91 years, the problem that this method will solve is the cleaning river course native silt particle that becomes silted up, reduce the riverbed, to adopting this method to shorten or allow important city, industrial and mineral are avoided in the river course, facility detours and make its silt particle stream and do not lose in some section.

This method only just can with channel cleanout or rivers change its course and the utilization of sand with small part manpower, material resources, financial resources.River diversion is just adopted and is dug the steep cliff diversion form waterfall and carry out water and pound and construct a canal or dig narrow zanjon, the way of tackling former river course again on the Xinkai River road.The river dredging aspect adopt in the middle of the riverbed from swim over to the downstream and dig the way that narrow ditch utilizes hydrodynamic impact, solved a large amount of human and material resources, financial resources are thrown in the also difficult problem of finishing.Utilizing above method to surround the silt particle stable region at the river course end forms new land soil property is not scattered.

Technical scheme:

One, river diversion has two kinds of methods, all is the power that utilizes water, promptly is fit to necessity that channel straightening is fit to the river course again detour (as getting around important city, industrial and mineral, facility etc.)

First method: the power that utilizes water-head, with the cut-off is example, because the physical features difference of river upstream and downstream at first will (it be to treat that water passes through the back formation height of water (as shown in Figure 3) and will upstream not excavate suitable water channel along the circuit in cut-off river course before having water flowing that the contact point (as accompanying drawing 1 indication) that refers to downstream afterbody that cut-off shortens and former river course excavates steep cliff (as accompanying drawing 2 indications) purpose in the lower end, river course of cut-off, why and calmly concrete is the ten meters wide ditches of digging one meter to two meters as the river face, initial point (upstream that refers to cut-off begins place and the connection of former river course) until cut-off begins the river in former river course is guided to the lower end of excavating river course, the cut-off Xinhe River then, form waterfall at the steep cliff place, utilizing the power that falls to carry out water under water pounds, it is mobile downstream that loosening geology is hit by waterfall, waterfall is upstream close gradually along cutoff, the big more water that attracts of water-head is many more, and the progress of constructing a canal is fast more.For the cutoff water level increases, to former river course with front end that cutoff contact near dam (as accompanying drawing 4 indications) make former river course not flowing water or few flowing water as far as possible, improve the river course upper pond level that is blocked and increase the cutoff water yield promotion progress of constructing a canal.Cutoff strives allowing river flow directly into the Xinkai River road as far as possible under the situation of having no curvature with the corresponding cut-off in former river course (as accompanying drawing 5 indication places), purpose is for after treating that waterfall finishes, increase river when river relaxes impact force is expanded in the river course, waterfall moves to the upstream initial point from the downstream on the Xinkai River road, make former river course not drop down water during a large amount of injection Xinkai River of waterfall disappearance river road (exceeding by water blockoff as far as possible, need not be very firm, washed away when flooding and be not afraid of) cutoff since cut-off to shorten water flow velocity fast, the main strength of river was impacted on the Xinkai River road when particularly flood water arrived, flood water steps back that cutoff just is completed into can both make the normal condition water of going to river flow through and (go out the flowing water circuit riverbank in river, a few road and relax naturally if want to allow the riverbank relax and exercise said method so long as no matter bigger flood water cutoff is the degree of depth or width, flood control just has been out of question) at this moment can see the below silt particle precipitation alluvial of being intercepted in former river course, water alluvial one deck silt particle whenever rises one time.Grew when 1 year in the weeds river in flood season silt particle by the time tangled and deposited manyly.Increase naturally the below, former river course that is blocked, and builds solid barrage dykes and dams after for many years can cultivate.

Second method: on the river course of cut-off circuit, excavate one to several narrow zanjon and (dig one meter wide to one meter five as ten meters wide of river surfaces, the degree of depth and the ditch that equates at the bottom of the former river course, 20 meters river surface can dig two one meter wide to one meter five, the degree of depth equates with at the bottom of the former river course, so that 30 meters, 40 meters wide river surfaces will increase respectively) make river can flow to the downstream from the upstream to go, stopping former river course again makes river popular in the Deep narrow slot that excavates, the water that flows into is many more, the progress of constructing a canal is fast more, utilizes flood season water best greatly.No matter the method is long distance, and still short-range constructing a canal all is suitable for.Necessary detouring also will never be amassed stifled river course as getting around important city, the industrial and mineral facility silt particle that impacts of constructing a canal, because river discharge big silt particle in big-and-middle-sized river becomes silted up incessantly, that little river utilizes that flood season, the depth of water flowed is anxious, impulse force big, silt particle can not amass stifled Xinkai River road yet.

Two, reduce the riverbed, native silt particle becomes silted up in the removing river course

This method utilizes the hydrodynamic force desilting quite suitable for the Yellow River and other rivers.

Way: the Yellow River and other rivers dig one from top to bottom completely simultaneously to several 2 meters wide on the river course when river is not too wide, five to ten meters zanjon the Yellow River in winter is closely dry, being convenient to excavate (silt particle of ditching is thrown away can be treated on the riverbed that water washes away yet) can not guide to river in other feasible river courses in the upstream temporarily if the river face is wide, if river surface offshore limit does not far have the runner of outside diversion again, can dig a ditch from top to bottom on the river course on bank passes through river in advance, river is returned in the ditch after the ditch for the treatment of to be used for completely to reduce the riverbed has dug, the native silt particle of the descending downstream silt of silt particle is flushed away the ditch that digs and relaxes again.Utilize the big silt particle of water in flood season to remove sooner.Better the way ditch that digs curved line on the riverbed as (Fig. 6) or (Fig. 7) or (Fig. 8).

Three, the soil of the silt in river diversion or river dredging silt particle utilization.

The Yellow River and other rivers utilize the above rivers desilting or the method that changes its course, its silt particle enters estuary place, downstream substantially, and there are a large amount of silt particles to be impacted and scatter by seawater, in order to allow silt particle near going into the sea, deposit, can throw in intensive stone or cement block at the estuary place along arc, the scope of throw in surrounding strive with the silt particle volume of disposing quite or smaller, the silt particle that the height of throwing in stone should be equal with the sea (river diffusion and silt particle do not flowed away) goes into the sea is like this thrown in stone ring of encirclement inside turn precipitation, stablely deposits into new land.

Implementation method: present specification has eight accompanying drawings and provides, no matter be that desilting or rivers change its course and mainly utilize the power of water in principle, the impulsion power that needs flood season especially and flood makes to be easy to movable geology and to be broken away from original position by water slug, the terminal alluvial in the river course then.

The first method of A, river diversion: be to dig steep cliff with the end that former river course contacts at the cutoff of wanting cut-off or detouring, dig through the ditch along cut-off or the circuit that detours then, river is guided to the steep cliff place form waterfall, the strength that waterfall is pounded downwards will be easy to movable geology and move, waterfall is upwards swum along the water flowing ditch that digs gradually and is pounded, disappear until all fronts waterfall, the degree of depth of water will with the deep equality of former river course water.What be worth to propose is, will strive former river course is intercepted when water flowing, and the cutoff water yield of cut-off or detouring is increased, and the progress of constructing a canal could be accelerated, and after the waterfall disappearance, strive former river course blocked and not drop down water.

Mainly be to utilize flood water surge to impact the stream, wide river course can dig after steep cliff and lead flood water washes open more, and the riverbank distance is also just big.For the no unfavorable place of flood control.

The second method of river diversion: want cut-off to shorten or the section that lengthens of detouring scrape out one or several than former river course ditch narrow and that equate with its river bed (sand of excavation need not be transported, throw away neighbouring just can) river is passed through, stop former river course again and make not flowing water of former river course, cutoff is finished naturally by the impact of big flood in flood season.

The way of B, river dredging be in the middle of the river course from swim over to the downstream and dig (sand can be thrown away on the riverbed) or some simultaneously completely and want the riverbed to reduce the ditch of the degree of depth so, not that flood season is not because the water yield has much, can be in one, two ditch popular desilting, treat that flood water arrives, flood is popular comprehensively in the river course, and the riverbed descends and finishes.In the implementation process,, can temporarily the water of korneforos be guided to earlier in the ditch of other feasible rivers and canals or energy draining, allow it change one's profession if the river course has the water surface to flow when being difficult for ditching; Do not having under the feasible irrigation canals and ditches situation, if the riverbank broad, the ditch of a temporary transient flowing water is dug on the narrower limit of can pulling in to shore in the river course of river earlier, and (it should be noted that watching out for destroys by rush of water protects river levee to allow under water row.Particularly Zhong Guo the Yellow River is because a lot of locations, its river course (riverbed) are higher than the town and country, basin, floods to wash away as unexpected upstream and protects river levee and can cause damage, and must be noted that.The ditch that digs can be a straight line, and it is stronger as the ditch impact force of curve in (Figure 67,8) river dredging process to be more preferably curved line.

The silt particle that C, river diversion or desilting are fallen utilize way be state in the use that rivers change its course or desilting in, rivers river course end go into Hai Chu along arc or as required shape throw in the material that intensive stone or other can block the seawater impulsion, the scope of throw in surrounding strive with the silt particle volume of disposing quite or smaller, the height of throwing in should be flat with the sea, river does not promptly influence in diffusion in the sea, and entrained silt particle can deposit into land after ring of encirclement inside turn is stable.

Above A, B, C method can the row of suffering simultaneously or reuse.

In the accompanying drawing eight casts wherein (Fig. 1,4,5,6,7,8) be that vertical view (Figure 23) is a sectional view, the first five figure is to utilize waterfall to carry out the explanation accompanying drawing that rivers change its course.Three figures in back provide (Fig. 1) 1. for riverbed ditching desilting. and solid line partly is former river course.The arrow direction is a water (flow) direction) as follows) 2.. dotted portion be want cut-off cutoff (as follows) 3.. be cut-off cutoff downstream afterbody and contact position, former river course.4.. the former river course (Fig. 2) that is eliminated 1.. dash area be soil layer (as follows) 2.. be the steep cliff (Fig. 3) that will dig 1.. be that the steep cliff that digs drops on this under water and produces waterfall.(Fig. 4) solid line partly is original river course, 1.. be former river closure place, be used for blocking former river course, make river current, increase impact force cutoff at cutoff.(Fig. 5) 1.. locate to strive that corresponding cut-off makes the water of the cutoff that enters not have cushion effect by the BOA of requirement shown in figure conllinear.(Fig. 6,7,8) for the desilting figure that ditching is given on the riverbed 1.. be the riverbank.2.. be the ditch that in the riverbed, digs.Purpose is to utilize the ditch of big flood (flood water) impact bending to reach desilting and breadth is wide, and tortuous ditch is highly beneficial to desilting.

Claims (3)

1, river dredging be exactly in the riverbed ditching river is flowed it is characterized in that river to wash away that the other silt soil silt particle of ditch utilizes flood water riverbed to reduce comprehensively in the riverbed in ditch.

2, two kinds of methods changing its course of rivers: 1.. terminal as (Fig. 1) dig steep cliff and produce waterfall as (Fig. 2) water flowing and treat as (Fig. 3) that waterfall disappears and further intercept former river course in the Xinkai River road, it is characterized in that river by flood water particularly by the ideal of constructing a canal.2.. impact by river by the ditch digging zanjon on cut-off or the cutoff that detours, and former river course and contact position, cutoff upstream are stopped former river course (as Fig. 4) it is characterized in that big water gaging enters cutoff towards wide river course, appropriately utilize flood water effect better.

3, the sand utilization is that end in the river surrounds suitable height and volume and makes silt particle stream and do not lose.

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