CN107623334B - Hybrid energy storage power control method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation - Google Patents
Hybrid energy storage power control method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hybrid energy storage power control method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation, which comprises the following steps: carrying out wavelet packet decomposition on the photovoltaic power generation power signal within a set time to obtain a power generation power fluctuation component; calculating a grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value according to the generated power fluctuation component; determining respective compensation frequency bands according to the energy storage characteristics of the storage battery and the super capacitor, determining the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers by using the voltage fluctuation value of the grid-connected point, extracting sub-high frequency and highest frequency components in the photovoltaic power generation power signal, and using the sub-high frequency and highest frequency components as compensation power instruction values of the storage battery and the super capacitor to perform power compensation. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of reducing the voltage fluctuation of the grid-connected point, reducing the delay of stabilizing the target power, being beneficial to prolonging the service life of the hybrid energy storage system and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hybrid energy storage power control method, in particular to a hybrid energy storage power control method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation.
Background
The photovoltaic power generation has the characteristics of simple structure, low noise, strong applicability and the like, and is suitable for being popularized in cities in a large scale, so that the photovoltaic power generation is changed from large-scale centralized grid connection to large-scale distributed grid connection. However, the power flow distribution and the voltage change of the power system are caused by the fact that a large number of photovoltaic access grids are connected, and meanwhile photovoltaic power generation power fluctuation can also cause grid-connected point voltage fluctuation. The quality of the electric energy of the user side is reduced, and meanwhile, the adverse effect is caused to equipment such as relay protection and transformers. The power type energy storage and the energy type energy storage have good complementarity in performance, and the hybrid energy storage system is formed and used for stabilizing photovoltaic power generation power fluctuation, so that the cost can be effectively reduced, and the economy is improved.
When a photovoltaic power generation system actually operates, a power generation power signal is obtained by real-time sampling, a traditional wavelet packet decomposition algorithm can only process a current power signal and a historical power signal, and the stabilizing target power obtained by the method and the photovoltaic output power have obvious delay, so that the target power obtained by the traditional wavelet packet decomposition cannot accurately reflect the overall situation of the photovoltaic output power.
At present, the control method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation by hybrid energy storage at home and abroad mainly has the following defects that ① does not consider the influence of the photovoltaic power fluctuation on the voltage of a power grid, ② the traditional real-time wavelet packet decomposition method has higher delay in extracting low-frequency components, and ③ slightly considers detailed information contained in a photovoltaic power generation power signal and specific performance characteristics of energy storage when calculating an energy storage compensation power instruction value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a hybrid energy storage power control method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a hybrid energy storage power control method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out wavelet packet decomposition on the photovoltaic power generation power signal within the set time to obtain a power generation power fluctuation component;
s2, calculating a grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value according to the generated power fluctuation component;
and S3, determining the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers by using the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value, extracting the secondary high frequency and the highest frequency components in the photovoltaic power generation power signal, and performing power compensation by using the secondary high frequency and the highest frequency components as compensation power instruction values of a storage battery and a super capacitor.
Preferably, S1 specifically includes: and extracting the expected value of the generated power in the photovoltaic power generation power signal by utilizing wavelet decomposition, and taking the root mean square of the difference between the photovoltaic power generation power signal and the expected value of the generated power as the fluctuation component of the photovoltaic power.
Preferably, in S2, the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value is calculated according to the generated power fluctuation component by using the following calculation formula:
wherein Z is the line impedance, θ is the line impedance angle, QLFor load reactive power, U is the rated voltage of the power grid, ULTo photovoltaic grid-connected point voltage, △ PpvThe grid-connected photovoltaic power fluctuation value is P, the difference value of the grid-connected photovoltaic power and the load active power is P, and the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value is d.
Preferably, the determining of the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers by using the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value in S3 specifically includes: judging whether the voltage fluctuation of the grid-connected point exceeds the maximum voltage fluctuation of a power grid specified by the national standard, if so, directly decomposing the photovoltaic power generation power signal by a 6-layer wavelet packet, otherwise, grading by adopting the following formula:
wherein D1-D5 are the upper limit of each grade of grid-connected point voltage fluctuation, and k is the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers.
Preferably, the extracting of the second high frequency and the highest frequency components in the photovoltaic power generation power signal in S3 as the compensation power command value of the storage battery and the super capacitor specifically includes: performing k-layer wavelet packet decomposition on the photovoltaic power signal, selecting the charge-discharge instruction change frequency according to the characteristics of the storage battery and the super capacitor, and setting the frequency band which is closest to the charge-discharge instruction change frequency of the storage battery after the k-layer wavelet packet decomposition as Pk,a1To Pk,a2(ii) a Frequency band P closest to change frequency of charging and discharging instruction of super capacitork,b1To Pk,b2(ii) a Then there are:
Pb＝Pk,a1+Pk,a1+1...Pk,a2
PSC＝Pk,b1+Pk,b1+1+…+Pk,b2
wherein P isbFor a battery power signal, PSCIs a super capacitor power signal, Pk,nThe signal component of the nth frequency band after k layers of wavelet packet decomposition.
Preferably, the set time in S1 is 1 hour.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. reducing grid-connected point voltage fluctuation: the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation caused by photovoltaic power fluctuation is considered, so that the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation caused by power fluctuation is reduced, and the requirement of photovoltaic grid connection is better met;
2. improving wavelet packet decomposition self-adaptive capacity: combining voltage fluctuation calculation of the grid-connected point with wavelet packet decomposition, and reducing the number of layers of the wavelet packets when the voltage fluctuation is relatively smooth; when the voltage fluctuation is severe, the number of layers of wavelet packet decomposition is increased, and the accuracy of extracting secondary high frequency and highest frequency components in the photovoltaic power generation power signal is improved;
3. reducing the delay of stabilizing the target power: when the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation caused by the photovoltaic power generation power is smooth, the photovoltaic output does not need to be stabilized, and the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers is reduced at the moment so as to reduce the delay of stabilizing the target power;
4. the service life of the hybrid energy storage system is favorably prolonged: and starting from detailed information contained in the power signal and the characteristic of energy storage when calculating the energy storage power instruction, the charging and discharging instruction change frequency of the hybrid energy storage system is selected according to the performance characteristics of the hybrid energy storage system, so that the effect of stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation of the hybrid energy storage system is improved, and the service life of the hybrid energy storage system is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a hybrid energy storage power calculation method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded view of a wavelet packet according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a simplified model diagram of a photovoltaic-equipped power grid according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Examples
Compared with the prior art, the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation caused by the photovoltaic power fluctuation is considered, the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation caused by the power generation power fluctuation is reduced, and the photovoltaic grid-connected requirement is better met; adjusting the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers according to the voltage fluctuation degree of the grid-connected point, so that the wavelet packet decomposition has self-adaptive capacity; and the detailed information contained in the power signal and the specific performance characteristics of the stored energy are considered when the stored energy power command is calculated.
A hybrid energy storage power calculation method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation based on self-adaptive wavelet packet decomposition is a simplified model diagram of a power grid provided with photovoltaic, as shown in FIG. 3, and when grid-connected point voltage fluctuation caused by photovoltaic power generation power is smooth, photovoltaic output does not need to be stabilized. In this case, the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers needs to be reduced to reduce the delay of suppressing the target power. When the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation caused by photovoltaic power generation power fluctuation is severe, the wavelet decomposition layer number needs to be increased, and the low-frequency component of the photovoltaic output power is extracted to be used as a stabilizing target. Based on the thought, the self-adaptive wavelet packet decomposition method for determining the decomposition layer number according to the voltage fluctuation degree of the grid-connected point is provided.
As shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of a hybrid energy storage power calculation method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation includes the following steps:
1. and (4) carrying out wavelet packet decomposition on the photovoltaic power generation power signal within 1 hour, and calculating the photovoltaic power generation power fluctuation component. And extracting signal components in the frequency range with concentrated energy in the photovoltaic power generation power signal by utilizing wavelet decomposition to serve as a power generation expected value, and taking the root mean square of the difference value between the photovoltaic power generation power signal and the power generation expected value as a fluctuation component of the photovoltaic power generation power signal.
Fig. 2 shows a wavelet packet decomposition. The sampling frequency of the system is 1 time/min, and S is obtained after the wavelet packet decomposition of 6 layers6,0The frequency range of the signal component of the frequency band is 0-1.30 × 10-4Hz, and the frequency range of concentration of the Hz and the output energy of the photovoltaic power generation is 0-1 × 10-4Hz is close to S6,0The method comprises the following steps that signal components of a frequency band are used as low-frequency signals of photovoltaic power generation power signals, the root mean square of the difference value between the photovoltaic power generation power signals and the low-frequency signals of the photovoltaic power generation power signals is used as a fluctuation value delta P of the photovoltaic power generation power signals, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
a, taking the photovoltaic power generation power signals in the current and previous 1 hour as source signals to carry out wavelet packet decomposition, and reconstructing a signal component P of a power signal energy concentration frequency bandt；
B, calculating a power generation power signal fluctuation value delta P, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein T is the length of the generated power signal for 1 hour, PpvFor photovoltaic power primary signal, P6,0The signal is the signal of the 0 th frequency band after the wavelet packet of the photovoltaic power signal 6 layers is decomposed.
2. And (3) establishing a power grid model according to data such as power grid line parameters, load parameters, photovoltaic power generation power and the like by using the calculation result of the step (1), and deducing the relation between photovoltaic power generation power fluctuation and grid-connected point voltage fluctuation values according to a load flow calculation formula and the regulation on power grid voltage fluctuation in national standards.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
a, deducing a load flow calculation formula according to the line parameters and the load parameters of the power grid as follows:
wherein Z is the line impedance, θ is the line impedance angle, PL、QLRespectively load active and reactive powerU is the rated voltage of the power grid, ULIs the photovoltaic grid-connected point voltage, delta is the initial moment grid voltage phase, PpvAnd grid-connected active power is provided for the photovoltaic inverter. Finishing to obtain:
and (3) obtaining the relation between the photovoltaic power fluctuation and the grid-connected point voltage by derivation of the formula:
b, obtaining a grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value calculation formula according to the voltage fluctuation regulation in the national standard GBT 12326-2008:
where Z is the line impedance, θ is the line impedance angle, QLFor load reactive power, U is the rated voltage of the power grid, ULTo photovoltaic grid-connected point voltage, △ PpvFor the photovoltaic grid-connected power fluctuation value, P is the difference value between the photovoltaic grid-connected power and the load active power, △ ULThe grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value is a photovoltaic grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value, and d is a grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value. And (4) substituting the photovoltaic power fluctuation value delta P calculated in the step (1) to obtain a grid-connected point voltage fluctuation calculation value.
3. And (3) determining respective compensation frequency bands according to the characteristics of the storage battery and the super capacitor, determining the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers by using the grid voltage fluctuation value calculated in the step (2), and extracting sub-high frequency and highest frequency components in the photovoltaic power generation power signal to serve as compensation power instruction values of the storage battery and the super capacitor. The number of wavelet packet decomposition layers is determined according to the voltage fluctuation condition of the grid-connected point, so that the wavelet packet decomposition has self-adaptive capacity and the sub-high frequency and the highest frequency components in the photovoltaic power generation power signal can be accurately extracted.
The frequency range of the second highest frequency and the highest frequency is determined by considering the service life of the storage battery and the suitability of the super capacitor for fast useFast charge and discharge characteristics, and simultaneously considering the frequency range of the low-frequency component determined in the step 1, the charge and discharge response time of the storage battery is between minutes and hours, and the charge and discharge response time of the super capacitor is between seconds and minutes, so 1 hour is selected as the charge and discharge conversion period of the storage battery, and the corresponding frequency is 2.78 × 10-4Hz, selecting 3min as the charge-discharge conversion period of the super capacitor with the corresponding frequency of 5.56 × 10-3Hz. in summary, it can be determined that the second highest frequency component has a frequency range of 1 × 10-4Hz～2.78×10- 4Hz, highest frequency range of 2.78 × 10-4Hz～5.56×10-3Hz。
Grading the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation condition by using the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation calculated value obtained in the step 2, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
and (3) carrying out k-layer wavelet packet decomposition on the photovoltaic power generation power signal, and carrying out 6-layer wavelet packet decomposition on the photovoltaic power generation power signal if the voltage fluctuation of the grid-connected point exceeds the maximum voltage fluctuation of a power grid specified by the national standard. Selecting the frequency band closest to the frequency range of the sub-high frequency and the highest frequency component as the compensation frequency band of the storage battery and the super capacitor, for example, after 6 layers of wavelet packet decomposition, the compensation frequency band of the storage battery and S6,2The frequency ranges of the frequency bands are close; super capacitor compensation frequency band and S6,3To S6,43The frequency ranges of the frequency bands are close. Thus will S6,2The signal component of the frequency band is used as the charge and discharge power command value of the storage battery, S6,3To S6,42And the signal component of the frequency band is used as a charging and discharging power instruction value of the super capacitor. The frequency band which is closest to the change frequency of the charge and discharge instruction of the storage battery after decomposition of the k layers of wavelet packets is Pk,a1To Pk,a2(ii) a Frequency band P closest to change frequency of charging and discharging instruction of super capacitork,b1To Pk,b2(ii) a Then there are:
Pb＝Pk,a1+Pk,a1+1...Pk,a2
PSC＝Pk,b1+Pk,b1+1+…+Pk,b2
wherein P isbIs a battery power command value, PSCIs a super capacitor power command value, Pk,nIs the signal component of the nth frequency band after k layers of wavelet packet decomposition
The method considers the influence of photovoltaic power fluctuation on the voltage of a power grid, and provides a hybrid energy storage power calculation method for stabilizing the photovoltaic power fluctuation based on self-adaptive wavelet packet decomposition. According to the method, the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers is adjusted according to power grid voltage fluctuation caused by photovoltaic power fluctuation, so that the power distribution strategy of the hybrid energy storage system can extract the sub-high frequency and the highest frequency components of the power signal under different photovoltaic power fluctuation degrees and voltage fluctuation degrees.
According to the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation control method, grid-connected point voltage fluctuation caused by photovoltaic power generation power fluctuation is considered, grid-connected point voltage fluctuation caused by power generation power fluctuation is reduced, and the requirement of photovoltaic grid connection is better met; combining voltage fluctuation calculation of the grid-connected point with wavelet packet decomposition, and reducing the number of layers of the wavelet packets when the voltage fluctuation is relatively smooth; when the voltage fluctuation is severe, the number of layers of wavelet packet decomposition is increased, and the accuracy of extracting secondary high frequency and highest frequency components in the photovoltaic power generation power signal is improved; and starting from detailed information contained in the power signal and the characteristic of energy storage when calculating the energy storage power instruction, the charging and discharging instruction change frequency of the hybrid energy storage system is selected according to the performance characteristics of the hybrid energy storage system, so that the effect of stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation of the hybrid energy storage system is improved, and the service life of the hybrid energy storage system is prolonged.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A hybrid energy storage power control method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out wavelet packet decomposition on the photovoltaic power generation power signal within the set time to obtain a power generation power fluctuation component;
s2, calculating the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value according to the generated power fluctuation component, specifically using the following calculation formula:
wherein Z is the line impedance, θ is the line impedance angle, QLFor load reactive power, U is the rated voltage of the power grid, ULFor photovoltaic grid-connected point voltage, Δ PpvThe grid-connected power fluctuation value is a photovoltaic grid-connected power fluctuation value, P is a difference value between the photovoltaic grid-connected power and the load active power, and d is a grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value;
and S3, determining the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers by using the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value, extracting the secondary high frequency and the highest frequency components in the photovoltaic power generation power signal, and performing power compensation by using the secondary high frequency and the highest frequency components as compensation power instruction values of a storage battery and a super capacitor.
2. The hybrid energy storage power control method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation according to claim 1, wherein S1 specifically includes: and extracting the expected value of the generated power in the photovoltaic power generation power signal by utilizing wavelet decomposition, and taking the root mean square of the difference between the photovoltaic power generation power signal and the expected value of the generated power as the fluctuation component of the photovoltaic power.
3. The hybrid energy storage power control method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers by using the grid-connected point voltage fluctuation value in S3 specifically comprises: judging whether the voltage fluctuation of the grid-connected point exceeds the maximum voltage fluctuation of a power grid specified by the national standard, if so, directly decomposing the photovoltaic power generation power signal by a 6-layer wavelet packet, otherwise, grading by adopting the following formula:
wherein D1-D5 are the upper limit of each grade of grid-connected point voltage fluctuation, and k is the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers.
4. The hybrid energy storage power control method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation according to claim 3, wherein the second highest frequency component and the highest frequency component in the photovoltaic power generation power signal are extracted in S3, and the specific values as the compensation power command values of the storage battery and the super capacitor are as follows: performing k-layer wavelet packet decomposition on the photovoltaic power signal, selecting the charge-discharge instruction change frequency according to the characteristics of the storage battery and the super capacitor, and setting the frequency band which is closest to the charge-discharge instruction change frequency of the storage battery after the k-layer wavelet packet decomposition as Pk,a1To Pk,a2(ii) a Frequency band P closest to change frequency of charging and discharging instruction of super capacitork,b1To Pk,b2(ii) a Then there are:
Pb＝Pk,a1+Pk,a1+1...Pk,a2
PSC＝Pk,b1+Pk,b1+1+…+Pk,b2
wherein P isbFor a battery power signal, PSCIs a super capacitor power signal, Pk,nThe signal component of the nth frequency band after k layers of wavelet packet decomposition.
5. The hybrid energy storage power control method for stabilizing photovoltaic power fluctuation according to claim 1, wherein the set time in S1 is 1 hour.
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| CN111435789B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2023-07-14 | 西华大学 | Photovoltaic stabilization method and system based on novel wavelet packet basis decomposition |
| CN111478363A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-07-31 | 新疆大学 | Method for stabilizing power fluctuation based on photovoltaic hybrid energy storage time-scale segment |
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