CN107611769B - Self-splitting nonlinear optical frequency converter - Google Patents

Self-splitting nonlinear optical frequency converter Download PDF

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CN107611769B
CN107611769B CN201710980978.2A CN201710980978A CN107611769B CN 107611769 B CN107611769 B CN 107611769B CN 201710980978 A CN201710980978 A CN 201710980978A CN 107611769 B CN107611769 B CN 107611769B
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characteristic surface
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frequency
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CN107611769A (en
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曲大鹏
任广胜
窦微
陈晴
邓岩
郑权
周凯
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Changchun New Industries Optoelectronics Tech Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a self-optical-splitting nonlinear optical frequency converter, which consists of a first part of uniaxial crystal and a second part of uniaxial crystal, and is characterized in that: the first part of uniaxial crystal and the second part of uniaxial crystal are uniaxial crystals of the same material, the uniaxial crystal is metaboric acid uniaxial crystal, and the first part of uniaxial crystal and the second part of uniaxial crystal are bonded into a bulk crystal; the bulk crystal is provided with 5 characteristic surfaces, the 5 characteristic surfaces are subjected to optical precision polishing, wherein the first part of uniaxial crystal is a frequency multiplication part, the frequency multiplication part comprises the first characteristic surface, the second characteristic surface and the third characteristic surface, and the bulk crystal further comprises a main plane A formed by the optimal frequency multiplication matching angle theta direction and the z axis of the first part of crystal; the laser device realizes the functions of optical frequency conversion and intra-crystal frequency doubling light and fundamental frequency light separation, so that short-wavelength laser generated by frequency doubling and fundamental frequency light are emitted at different positions of the crystal, the damage of the short-wavelength laser to a light-emitting interface of the crystal is prevented from affecting the fundamental frequency light, the laser device can be applied to laser device extra-cavity frequency doubling and intra-cavity frequency doubling, and insertion loss is low.

Description

Self-splitting nonlinear optical frequency converter
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-light-splitting nonlinear optical frequency converter, belonging to an optical instrument.
Background
At present, short-wave laser (wavelength is smaller than 400 nm) in a solid laser is mainly generated by taking laser in visible light and near infrared bands as fundamental frequency light through nonlinear effect frequency multiplication, and the short-wave laser generated by frequency multiplication in the process and the fundamental frequency light are emitted from the same position of a nonlinear crystal at the same time. Because the photon energy of the short-wave laser is higher, the aging damage is easily caused at the crystal light-emitting interface, and the loss of fundamental frequency light is further increased, so that the frequency doubling efficiency in the laser cavity is obviously reduced. The technology can separate the short-wave frequency multiplication light from the fundamental frequency light before the short-wave frequency multiplication light is transmitted to the interface between the crystal and the air, can avoid the influence of the damage mechanism of the short-wave laser on the fundamental frequency light, reduces the loss of the fundamental frequency light, and can obviously prolong the service life of the ultraviolet laser because the increase of the loss of the fundamental frequency light is a main influencing factor causing the power attenuation of the laser.
In the short-wave laser nonlinear frequency conversion technology, a mode of directly entering a nonlinear crystal and then exiting from the same optical path is mainly adopted, and frequency doubling light generated by the fundamental frequency light and nonlinear conversion in the scheme is transmitted from the same optical path, so that the transmission medium is inevitably damaged by the short-wave laser, the loss of the fundamental frequency light is increased, and the laser power is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-light-splitting nonlinear optical frequency converter which simultaneously realizes two functions of optical frequency conversion and separation of frequency multiplication light and fundamental frequency light in a crystal, so that short-wavelength laser generated by frequency multiplication and the fundamental frequency light are emitted at different positions of the crystal, the damage of the short-wavelength laser to a light-emitting interface of the crystal to the fundamental frequency light is avoided, the self-light-splitting nonlinear optical frequency converter can be suitable for laser extra-cavity frequency multiplication and intra-cavity frequency multiplication, and the insertion loss is low.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the self-splitting nonlinear optical frequency converter consists of a first part of uniaxial crystal and a second part of uniaxial crystal, and is characterized in that: the first part of uniaxial crystal and the second part of uniaxial crystal are uniaxial crystals of the same material, the uniaxial crystal is metaboric acid uniaxial crystal, and the first part of uniaxial crystal and the second part of uniaxial crystal are bonded into a bulk crystal; the bulk crystal is provided with 5 characteristic surfaces, the 5 characteristic surfaces are subjected to optical precision polishing, wherein the first part of uniaxial crystal is a frequency multiplication part, the frequency multiplication part comprises the first characteristic surface, the second characteristic surface and the third characteristic surface, and the bulk crystal further comprises a main plane A formed by the optimal frequency multiplication matching angle theta direction and the z axis of the first part of crystal;
the second part of crystals are self-light-splitting parts, the self-light-splitting parts comprise a fourth characteristic surface and a fifth characteristic surface, and the z axis of the self-light-splitting parts is parallel to the crystal main plane A of the frequency doubling part and the fourth characteristic surface; the first characteristic surface is an incident surface, and fundamental frequency light enters the crystal frequency multiplication part in the direction of an optimal frequency multiplication nonlinear matching angle theta of the crystal, and the crystallographic optical axis of the self-splitting part is parallel to a main plane A of the frequency multiplication part and is vertical to the direction of the optimal frequency multiplication nonlinear matching angle theta of the fundamental frequency light of the frequency multiplication part; the included angle between the second characteristic surface and the main plane A is theta m, the included angle between the third characteristic surface and the second characteristic surface ranges from [90 degrees+theta m -atan (n 0/n 1) ] to (90 degrees-theta m), n0 is the refractive index of fundamental frequency light in air, n1 is the refractive index of fundamental frequency light in the frequency doubling part of the crystal, the interface M between the frequency doubling part crystal and the self-splitting part crystal is formed by bonding the fourth characteristic surface and the second characteristic surface, namely the second characteristic surface and the fourth characteristic surface coincide with the interface M, the two sides of the interface M are respectively provided with the frequency doubling part crystal and the self-splitting part crystal, the fifth characteristic surface is the fundamental frequency light emergent surface, the included angle between the interface M and the main plane A is [90 degrees-atan (n 0/n 2) ], and the surface of the fifth characteristic surface is vapor-plated with a layer of fundamental frequency light antireflection film, n0 is the refractive index of fundamental frequency light in air, and n2 is the refractive index of fundamental frequency light in the self-splitting part of the crystal;
And the optimal nonlinear matching angle theta direction of the fundamental frequency light of the frequency multiplication part and the crystallographic optical axis of the frequency multiplication part form a main plane A, the included angle between the interface M and the main plane A is theta m, the relation between the second characteristic surface and the fourth characteristic surface and the main plane A is theta m less than or equal to 90 degrees (n 4/n 3), n3 is the refractive index of the frequency multiplication light in the frequency multiplication part of the crystal, and n4 is the refractive index of the frequency multiplication light in the self-light splitting part of the crystal.
Between each two of the first, second and third characteristic surfaces, 0 to 10 planes can be arranged to form a corresponding polyhedron, but the interrelationship and the functions of the 3 characteristic surfaces are not affected, and the method can be regarded as decorative treatment.
The fourth characteristic surface and the fifth characteristic surface can be provided with 0 to 10 planes to form corresponding polyhedrons, but the interrelationship and the functions of the 3 characteristic surfaces are not affected, and the method can be regarded as decorative treatment.
The first, second, third, fourth and fifth characteristic surfaces are subjected to optical precision polishing treatment, and the surface type error is lambda/4, so that the surface roughness Ra is less than 0.5nm.
The uniaxial crystal can be replaced by a borate uniaxial crystal CLBO by a metaboric acid uniaxial crystal beta-BBO.
The first feature surface can be vapor-deposited with a first film system, the third feature surface can be vapor-deposited with a second film system, and the fifth feature surface can be vapor-deposited with a third film system.
The invention has the advantages that the invention simultaneously realizes the functions of optical frequency conversion and separation of frequency multiplication light and fundamental frequency light in the crystal, so that the short wavelength laser generated by frequency multiplication and the fundamental frequency light are emitted at different positions of the crystal, the damage of the short wavelength laser to the light-emitting interface of the crystal is prevented from influencing the fundamental frequency light, the invention can be applied to laser extra-cavity frequency multiplication and intra-cavity frequency multiplication, and has low insertion loss.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall construction diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the structure of a first part uniaxial crystal of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the structure of a second part uniaxial crystal of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the present invention employing a single-axis crystal of lithium cesium hexaborate CLBO.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a first partial uniaxial crystal structure using cesium lithium hexaborate CLBO according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a structure of a second partial uniaxial crystal using cesium lithium hexaborate CLBO according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a self-splitting nonlinear optical frequency converter according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a first part of a uniaxial crystal structure of the self-spectroscopic nonlinear optical frequency converter according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a diagram showing a structure of a second part of uniaxial crystal of the self-spectroscopic nonlinear optical frequency converter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: as shown in fig. 1-3, the self-spectroscopic nonlinear optical frequency converter is composed of a first part of uniaxial crystal 1 and a second part of uniaxial crystal 2, and is characterized in that: the first part of uniaxial crystal 1 and the second part of uniaxial crystal 2 are uniaxial crystals of the same material, the uniaxial crystal is metaboric acid type uniaxial crystal, and the first part of uniaxial crystal 1 and the second part of uniaxial crystal 2 are bonded into a bulk crystal; the bulk crystal is provided with 5 characteristic surfaces, the 5 characteristic surfaces are subjected to optical precision polishing, wherein the first part of uniaxial crystal 1 is a frequency multiplication part, the frequency multiplication part comprises a first characteristic surface 11, a second characteristic surface 12 and a third characteristic surface 13, and the bulk crystal further comprises a main plane A formed by the optimal frequency multiplication matching angle theta direction and the z axis of the first part of crystal;
The second part of crystals are self-light-splitting parts, the self-light-splitting parts comprise a fourth characteristic surface 24 and a fifth characteristic surface 25, and the z axis of the self-light-splitting parts is parallel to the crystal main plane A of the frequency doubling part and the fourth characteristic surface 24; the first characteristic surface 11 is an incident surface, and fundamental frequency light enters the crystal frequency multiplication part in a direction of meeting the optimal frequency multiplication nonlinear matching angle theta of the crystal, and the crystallographic optical axis of the self-splitting part is parallel to the main plane A of the frequency multiplication part and is vertical to the optimal frequency multiplication nonlinear matching angle theta of the fundamental frequency light of the frequency multiplication part; the included angle between the second characteristic surface 12 and the main plane A is theta m, the included angle between the third characteristic surface 13 and the second characteristic surface 12 is [90 degrees+theta m -atan (n 0/n 1) ] to (90 degrees-theta m), n0 is the refractive index of fundamental frequency light in air, n1 is the refractive index of fundamental frequency light in the frequency doubling part of the crystal, the interface M of the frequency doubling part crystal and the self-light splitting part crystal is formed by bonding the fourth characteristic surface 24 and the second characteristic surface 12, namely the second characteristic surface 12 and the fourth characteristic surface 24 are overlapped with the interface M, the two sides of the interface M are respectively provided with the frequency doubling part crystal and the self-light splitting part crystal, the fifth characteristic surface 25 is an outgoing surface of fundamental frequency light, the included angle between the interface M and the main plane A is [90 degrees-atan (n 0/n 2) ], and the surface of the fifth characteristic surface 25 is evaporated with a layer of fundamental frequency light antireflection film. n0 is the refractive index of the fundamental frequency light in the air, and n2 is the refractive index of the fundamental frequency light in the crystal light splitting part;
The optimal nonlinear matching angle theta direction of the fundamental frequency light of the frequency multiplication part and the crystallographic optical axis of the frequency multiplication part form a main plane A, the included angle between the interface M and the main plane A is theta m, the relation between the second characteristic surface 12 and the fourth characteristic surface 24 and the main plane A is theta m (90 degrees-asin (n 4/n 3)), n3 is the refractive index of the frequency multiplication light in the frequency multiplication part of the crystal, and n4 is the refractive index of the frequency multiplication light in the light self-splitting part of the crystal;
0 to 10 planes can be arranged between each two of the first characteristic surface 11, the second characteristic surface 12 and the third characteristic surface 13 to form a corresponding polyhedron, but the interrelationship and the functions of the 3 characteristic surfaces are not influenced, and the method can be regarded as decorative treatment;
The fourth feature surface 14 and the fifth feature surface 25 may have 0 to 10 planes therebetween to form a corresponding polyhedron, but the interrelationship and the functions of the 3 feature surfaces are not affected, and may be considered as decorative treatment;
the first characteristic surface 11, the second characteristic surface 12, the third characteristic surface 13, the fourth characteristic surface 24 and the fifth characteristic surface 25 are subjected to optical precision polishing treatment, and the surface type error is lambda/4, and the surface roughness Ra is less than 0.5nm;
the uniaxial crystal can be replaced by a borate uniaxial crystal CLBO by a metaboric acid uniaxial crystal beta-BBO.
The first characteristic surface 11 can be vapor-deposited with a layer of first fundamental frequency light anti-reflection film system 3, the third characteristic surface 13 can be vapor-deposited with a layer of second fundamental frequency light anti-reflection film system 4, and the fifth characteristic surface 25 can be vapor-deposited with a layer of third fundamental frequency light anti-reflection film system 5.
Example 1
The 266nm ultraviolet laser is obtained by adopting barium metaborate beta-BBO frequency multiplication 532nm laser:
As shown in FIG. 1, the best phase matching direction θ is about 47.7 °, the refractive index n1 of the BBO crystal at 532nm is about 1.67, the refractive index n3 at 473nm is about 1.67, the refractive index at 532nm is about 1.67, the refractive index n4 at 473nm is about 1.62, n0 is equal to 1 and is the refractive index of two lights in air, 532nm laser light incident along the best nonlinear matching angle 47.7 ° is taken as fundamental frequency light, the first film system 3 with 532nm antireflection film is incident into the crystal, 266nm frequency doubling light is generated by frequency doubling, and when the two lights are transmitted to the interface M together, the angle θ m -asin (n 4/n 3) between the interface M and the main plane A is smaller than or equal to 90 ° -asin (n 4/n 3), namely θ m -15.25 ° satisfies the condition of causing total internal reflection of 266nm laser light, so that the fundamental frequency doubling light at 266nm is totally reflected and then emitted from the third characteristic surfaces 13 and 532nm to the fifth characteristic surfaces 25.
As shown in fig. 2, when the first characteristic surface 11 is vapor-deposited with the first fundamental frequency light anti-reflection film system 3, the included angle between the first characteristic surface 11 and the principal plane a of the frequency doubling part is within (0-90 °), the second characteristic surface 12 coincides with the interface M, that is, the included angle between the second characteristic surface and the principal plane a is θ m, and any multiple planes can be arranged between every two surfaces in the frequency doubling part to form a corresponding polyhedron, but the mutual relation and functions of the 3 characteristic surfaces of the frequency doubling part are not affected, which can be regarded as decorative treatment;
As shown in fig. 3, when the third fundamental frequency light anti-reflection film 5 is evaporated on the fifth feature surface 25, the included angle between the fifth feature surface 25 and the principal plane a of the frequency doubling portion is within (0-90 °).
Example 2
The lithium cesium hexaborate CLBO frequency multiplication 946nm laser is adopted to obtain 473nm blue laser:
As shown in fig. 4, the optimum phase matching direction θ is about 31.4 °, the refractive index n1 of the frequency multiplication part CLBO crystal is about 1.49 for 946nm, the refractive index n3 is about 1.49 for 473nm, the refractive index of the self-light division part CLBO is about 1.49 for 946nm, the refractive index n4 is about 1.45 for 473nm, and n0 is equal to 1 as the refractive index of both lights in air. The 946nm laser is used as the fundamental frequency light, and enters the first characteristic surface 11 according to the Brinell angle atan (n 1/n 0), namely about 56.1 degrees, the fundamental frequency light after entering the crystal refraction is transmitted along the direction of the optimal nonlinear matching angle 31.4 degrees, 473nm frequency doubling light is generated, when the two light are transmitted to the interface M together, because the included angle theta m between the interface M and the main plane A is less than or equal to 90 degrees (n 4/n 3), namely theta m is less than or equal to 13.1 degrees, the condition that the 473nm laser is totally internally reflected is met, the 473nm frequency doubling light is emitted from the third characteristic surface 13 after being totally reflected, the 946nm fundamental frequency light is continuously transmitted to the self-light-splitting part, and enters the fifth characteristic surface 25 according to the angle atan (n 0/n 1), namely about 33.9 degrees.
As shown in fig. 5, the first feature surface 11 is not coated after being surface optically polished, and the included angle between the first feature surface 11 and the main plane a in the clockwise direction is [90 ° -atan (n 0/n 1) ], the third feature surface 13 is a frequency doubling light emergent surface, and the included angle between the third feature surface and the interface M is in the range of (90 ° +θ m -atan (n 0/n 1)) to (90 ° - θ m), wherein any plurality of planes can be arranged between every two surfaces to form a corresponding polyhedron, but the mutual relation and functions of the 3 feature surfaces are not affected, and the method can be considered as decorative treatment;
As shown in fig. 6, the fifth feature surface 25 is not coated and is only subjected to surface optical polishing, and when the fourth feature surface 24 is attached to the first feature surface 12 of the frequency doubling part, the fifth feature surface 25 forms an included angle [90 ° -atan (n 0/n 2) ] with the main plane a in the clockwise direction;
Example 3
As shown in fig. 7, the fundamental frequency light of the self-light type nonlinear optical frequency converter enters the self-light type nonlinear optical frequency converter from a first characteristic surface 11 with an included angle of [90 ° -atan (n 0/n 1) ] with a main plane a in a counterclockwise direction, frequency doubling light is generated at a frequency doubling part, then when the fundamental frequency light and the frequency doubling light are transmitted to an interface M together, the frequency doubling light is totally internally reflected, the fundamental frequency light is emitted from a third characteristic surface 13 with a second fundamental frequency light antireflection film system 4 deposited thereon, the fundamental frequency light passes through the interface M and is emitted from a fifth characteristic surface 25 with an included angle of [90 ° -atan (n 0/n 2) ] with the main plane a in the counterclockwise direction, and the two lights are completely separated;
As shown in fig. 8, the first characteristic surface 11 of the frequency multiplication part structure is not coated after being subjected to surface optical polishing, and the included angle between the first characteristic surface 11 and the main plane a in the anticlockwise direction is [90 ° -atan (n 0/n 1) ], wherein any plurality of planes can be arranged between every two surfaces to form a corresponding polyhedron, but the mutual relation and functions of the 3 characteristic surfaces are not influenced, and the first characteristic surface 11 can be regarded as decorative treatment;
As shown in fig. 9, the fifth feature surface 25 is not coated and is only subjected to surface optical polishing, and when the fourth feature surface 24 is attached to the second feature surface 12 of the frequency doubling part, the fifth feature surface 25 forms an included angle [90 ° -atan (n 0/n 2) ] with the main plane a in the counterclockwise direction.

Claims (2)

1. The self-splitting nonlinear optical frequency converter consists of a first part of uniaxial crystal and a second part of uniaxial crystal, and is characterized in that: the first part of uniaxial crystal and the second part of uniaxial crystal are uniaxial crystals of the same material, the uniaxial crystal is metaboric acid uniaxial crystal, and the first part of uniaxial crystal and the second part of uniaxial crystal are bonded into a bulk crystal; the bulk crystal is provided with 5 characteristic surfaces, the 5 characteristic surfaces are subjected to optical precision polishing, wherein the first part of uniaxial crystal is a frequency multiplication part, the frequency multiplication part comprises the first characteristic surface, the second characteristic surface and the third characteristic surface, and the bulk crystal further comprises a main plane A formed by the optimal frequency multiplication matching angle theta direction and the z axis of the first part of crystal;
The second part of crystals are self-light-splitting parts, the self-light-splitting parts comprise a fourth characteristic surface and a fifth characteristic surface, and the z axis of the self-light-splitting parts is parallel to the crystal main plane A of the frequency doubling part and the fourth characteristic surface; the first characteristic surface is an incident surface, and fundamental frequency light enters the crystal frequency multiplication part in the direction of an optimal frequency multiplication nonlinear matching angle theta of the crystal, and the crystallographic optical axis of the self-splitting part is parallel to a main plane A of the frequency multiplication part and is vertical to the direction of the optimal frequency multiplication nonlinear matching angle theta of the fundamental frequency light of the frequency multiplication part; the included angle between the second characteristic surface and the main plane A is theta M, the included angle between the third characteristic surface and the second characteristic surface ranges from [90 degrees+theta M-atan (n 0/n 1) ] to (90 degrees theta M), n0 is the refractive index of fundamental frequency light in air, n1 is the refractive index of fundamental frequency light in the frequency doubling part of the crystal, the interface M between the frequency doubling part crystal and the self-light splitting part crystal is formed by bonding the fourth characteristic surface and the second characteristic surface, namely the second characteristic surface and the fourth characteristic surface coincide with the interface M, the two sides of the interface M are respectively provided with the frequency doubling part crystal and the self-light splitting part crystal, the fifth characteristic surface is an outgoing plane of fundamental frequency light, the included angle between the fifth characteristic surface and the main plane A ranges from [90 degrees to atan (n 0/n 2) ], and the surface of the fifth characteristic surface is evaporated with a layer of fundamental frequency light antireflection film; n0 is the refractive index of the fundamental frequency light in the air, and n2 is the refractive index of the fundamental frequency light in the crystal light splitting part;
the optimal nonlinear matching angle theta direction of the fundamental frequency light of the frequency multiplication part and the crystallographic optical axis of the frequency multiplication part form a main plane A, the included angle between the interface M and the main plane A is thetam, the relation between the second characteristic surface and the fourth characteristic surface and the main plane A is thetam less than or equal to 90 degrees (n 4/n 3), n3 is the refractive index of the frequency multiplication light in the frequency multiplication part of the crystal, and n4 is the refractive index of the frequency multiplication light in the self-splitting part of the crystal;
The first characteristic surface, the second characteristic surface, the third characteristic surface, the fourth characteristic surface and the fifth characteristic surface are subjected to optical precision polishing treatment, the surface type error is lambda/4, and the surface roughness Ra is less than 0.5 nm;
evaporating a first film system on the first characteristic surface, evaporating a second film system on the third characteristic surface, and evaporating a third film system on the fifth characteristic surface;
0 to 10 planes are arranged between each two of the first characteristic surface, the second characteristic surface and the third characteristic surface to form a corresponding polyhedron;
And 0 to 10 planes are arranged between the fourth characteristic surface and the fifth characteristic surface to form a corresponding polyhedron.
2. The self-optically-splitting nonlinear optical frequency converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said uniaxial crystal is replaced by a borate uniaxial crystal CLBO by a metaboric acid uniaxial crystal β -BBO.
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