CN107607944A - Forward-looking imaging device based on terahertz frequency band transmission type aperture coding - Google Patents
Forward-looking imaging device based on terahertz frequency band transmission type aperture coding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a forward-looking imaging device based on terahertz frequency band transmission type aperture coding, which comprises: the terahertz wave imaging device comprises a transmission type coding aperture, a transmitting link and a receiving link, wherein the transmitting link is used for transmitting terahertz waves through the transmission type coding aperture in the radial imaging scanning area, the receiving link is used for receiving the terahertz waves generated by radiation of the imaging scanning area through the transmission type coding aperture, and when the terahertz waves pass through the transmission type coding aperture, a coding random phase shift factor and a lens phase modulation factor are loaded on the transmission type coding aperture. Through loading the lens phase modulation factor to the transmission type coded aperture, the terahertz wave beam direction is rapidly regulated and controlled, the echo is scattered by the electron bunching, and stable and rapid scanning imaging can be carried out on the target. Thereby realizing the miniaturization and low cost of the radar forward-looking imaging system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high resolution radar staring imaging technical field, is specifically related to a kind of based on Terahertz frequency range transmission
The forword-looking imaging device of formula aperture coding.
Background technology
With the development of society, radar high-resolution imaging is ensuring national strategy safety and the side of promoting national economic development
Face plays more and more important role.Existing radar imaging system includes microwave radar imaging system and optical radar imaging system
System.Wherein, optical sensor can forword-looking imaging, wavelength is short, and high resolution, image taking speed is fast, but depends on target emanation, right
The penetration capacity of cigarette, dirt, mist and barrier etc. is poor, easily by such environmental effects.Microwave radar sensor can active probe, penetrate
Ability is strong, but because microwave frequency is low, wavelength length causes angular resolution low, and because the limitation of image-forming principle is, it is necessary to be imaged product
Between for a long time, the high frame frequency of forward sight, high-resolution imaging can not be realized.Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ISAR (ISAR)
Although imaging can obtain the high-resolution in transverse direction by synthetic aperture, the two all relies on the relative of radar and target
Motion, can not forword-looking imaging, and real array of apertures radar and phased-array radar be because the array element quantity needed to use is more, and structure is multiple
It is miscellaneous, build high with maintenance cost.
Microwave relevance imaging technology can realize forward sight, stare under the conditions of high-resolution imaging.Pass through build time not phase
Close, the mutually orthogonal array signal in space is used as transmission signal, obtain the detectable signal of target region by calculating deduction,
And target information is obtained by the association process between detectable signal and target echo signal.But this method is needed in transmitting terminal
Fairly large aerial array is constructed, and is difficult to effectively beam position regulation and control in real time.
The content of the invention
, should it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of forword-looking imaging device based on Terahertz frequency range transmission-type aperture coding
Invention solves existing radar foresight imaging technique and is difficult to the minimizing of system and device, low cost, real-time and high-resolution
Technical problem.
The present invention provides a kind of forword-looking imaging device based on Terahertz frequency range transmission-type aperture coding, including：Transmission-type
Code aperture, for by transmission-type code aperture to the transmitting chain of image scanning field emission THz wave and for passing through
Transmission-type code aperture receives the receives link of THz wave caused by image scanning area radiation, and THz wave passes through transmission-type
During code aperture, the random phase shift factor of loading coding and lens phase modulation factor on transmission-type code aperture.
Further, transmitting chain includes：Terahertz sources device and the terahertz sources module for sending Terahertz,
Terahertz sources module is connected with terahertz sources device, the center of terahertz sources device and the center of transmission-type code aperture
On same axle；
Receives link includes：Terahertz reception device and the Terahertz receiving module for receiving Terahertz, Terahertz connect
Receive module with Terahertz reception device to be connected, the center of Terahertz reception device is in same with the center of transmission-type code aperture
On axle.
Further, terahertz sources device and Terahertz reception device are for sending terahertz to transmission-type code aperture
Hereby and receive the transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna for the terahertz wave beam that transmission-type code aperture reflects.
Further, the code aperture of transmission-type code aperture is completely covered in the wave beam for receiving and dispatching multiplex antenna transmitting.
Further, the level interval in transmission-type code aperture and image scanning region is within 20.0m.
Further, in addition to：For sending initial signal and handling the vector network point of the terahertz signal received
Analyzer and for controlling transmission-type code aperture and system control main frame to vector network analyzer, system control main frame difference
It is connected with transmission-type code aperture and vector network analyzer；Vector network analyzer respectively with Terahertz receiving module and too
Hertz transmitter module is connected.
The technique effect of the present invention：
Forword-looking imaging device provided by the invention based on Terahertz frequency range transmission-type aperture coding, by being compiled to transmission-type
Code holes footpath loaded lenses phase modulation factor, quick regulation and control terahertz wave beam are pointed to, electron bunching scatter echo, target can entered
The stable fast scan imaging of row.It is achieved thereby that miniaturization and the low cost of radar foresight imaging system.
Forword-looking imaging device provided by the invention based on Terahertz frequency range transmission-type aperture coding, by being compiled to transmission-type
Code holes footpath loading aperture encodes random phase shift factor, and Stochastic Modulation is carried out respectively to terahertz wave beam in transmitting terminal and receiving terminal,
Target imaging resolution ratio can be effectively improved.
Specific refer to is proposed according to the forword-looking imaging device encoded based on Terahertz frequency range transmission-type aperture of the present invention
Various embodiments it is described below, will cause apparent in terms of the above and other of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Terahertz radar high-resolution forword-looking imaging apparatus structure schematic diagram provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is Terahertz radar high-resolution forword-looking imaging device workflow schematic diagram provided by the invention；
Marginal data：
1st, system control main frame；2nd, vector network analyzer；3rd, terahertz sources module；4th, multiplex antenna is received and dispatched；5th, thoroughly
Penetrate formula code aperture；6th, Terahertz receiving module.
Embodiment
The accompanying drawing for forming the part of the application is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Apply example and its illustrate to be used to explain the present invention, do not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of Terahertz radar high-resolution forword-looking imaging device, including：Transmission-type encodes
Aperture 5, for by transmission-type code aperture 5 to the transmitting chain of image scanning field emission THz wave and for by saturating
The receives link that formula code aperture 5 receives THz wave caused by image scanning area radiation is penetrated, THz wave passes through transmission-type
During code aperture 5, the random phase shift factor of loading coding and lens phase modulation factor on transmission-type code aperture 5.
In order to be implemented as need to being arranged in the range of the beam scanning of transmission-type code aperture 5 as image scanning region.
Preferably, transmitting chain includes：Terahertz sources device and the terahertz sources module 3 for sending Terahertz,
Terahertz sources module 3 is connected with terahertz sources device, in the center and transmission-type code aperture 5 of terahertz sources device
The heart is on same axle.Transmitting chain individually can be set face transmission-type code aperture 5.When in use, can be according to need
Transmitting chain and receives link are changed.By existing method.Such as Terahertz is switched by automaton
Emitter and Terahertz reception device.
Preferably, receives link includes：Terahertz reception device and the Terahertz receiving module 6 for receiving Terahertz,
Terahertz receiving module 6 is connected with Terahertz reception device, in the center and transmission-type code aperture 5 of Terahertz reception device
The heart is on same axle.
Preferably, terahertz sources device and Terahertz reception device are for sending terahertz to transmission-type code aperture 5
Hereby and receive the transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna 4 for the terahertz wave beam that transmission-type code aperture 5 reflects；Also include：For sending just
The vector network analyzer 2 of terahertz signal that beginning signal and processing receive and for control transmission-type code aperture 5 and to
The system control main frame 1 of vector network analyzer 2, system control main frame 1 are divided with transmission-type code aperture 5 and vector network respectively
Analyzer 2 is connected；Vector network analyzer 2 is connected with Terahertz receiving module 6 and terahertz sources module 3 respectively.By this
Setting can reduce device volume, save link structure, reduce other unnecessary control devices, be manufactured into so as to reduce device
This.Vector network analyzer 2 sends transmitting/receiving signal, the loading of transmission-type code aperture 5 encodes random phase shift factor and lens
Phase modulation factor, all it is uniformly controlled by system control main frame 1.
In one embodiment, the device includes being used to control transmission-type code aperture 5 and be to vector network analyzer 2
System control main frame 1, for send initial signal and processing receive terahertz signal vector network analyzer 2, for
Transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna 4 sends the terahertz sources module 3 of Terahertz, for sending Terahertz to transmission-type code aperture 5 and connecing
Transmission-type code aperture 5 is received to reflect the transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna 4 of wave beam, encode random phase shift factor and lens phase for loading
The transmission-type code aperture 5 of position modulation factor and returning for receiving transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna 4 and is transmitted to vector net THz wave
The Terahertz receiving module 6 of network analyzer 2.System control main frame 1 respectively with vector network analyzer 2 and transmission-type code aperture
5 control connections.
Vector network analyzer 2 is connected with Terahertz receiving module 6 and the signal of terahertz sources module 3.Terahertz receives
Module 6 and terahertz sources module 3 are connected with the transmitting-receiving signal of multiplex antenna 4 simultaneously.Multiplex antenna 4 is received and dispatched to encode with transmission-type
The radiation connection of aperture 5.
The central point of transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna 4 and transmission-type code aperture 5 is in same axis z-axis, z-axis and transmitting-receiving multiplexing day
The angular bisector of 4 launching beams of line is parallel, and perpendicular to transmission-type code aperture 5.Letter is carried out by receiving and dispatching multiplex antenna 4
Number transmitting and reception.The present apparatus uses the structure of transmission-type code aperture 5 and receiving-transmitting chain fractional reuse, before reducing radar
Depending on the volume and cost of imaging system.
Referring to Fig. 2, the present apparatus when in use, analyzes transmitting chain flow first, and vector network analyzer 2 is responsible for producing just
Beginning signal, initial signal obtain terahertz signal by the frequency multiplication of terahertz sources module 3, amplification, now receive and dispatch multiplex antenna 4 as hair
Emission mode, terahertz signal are radiated to transmission-type code aperture 5, transmission-type code aperture 5 and system control through receiving and dispatching multiplex antenna 4
Main frame 1 processed connects, transmission-type code aperture 5 under the control of system control main frame 1 simultaneously loading hole footpath encode random phase shift because
Son and lens phase modulation factor, and the terahertz wave beam radiated to transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna 4 carries out aperture coding and phase-modulation,
And terahertz wave beam is further transmitted through space residing for image scanning region beam scanning is carried out to image scanning region.Scanning
Afterwards, the scatter echo signal of image scanning region surface again passes by transmission-type code aperture 5, now transmission-type code aperture 5
Also load aperture simultaneously under the control of system control main frame 1 and encode random phase shift factor and lens phase modulation factor, adjustment
Lens phase modulation factor with will reflection wave concentrantion to receiving and dispatching near multiplex antenna 4, and change random phase shift factor with right again
Reflected beam carries out aperture coding and phase-modulation.Finally transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna 4 switches to reception pattern, receives and dispatches multiplex antenna 4
Receive the echo-signal radiated through transmission-type code aperture 5 and transmit to Terahertz receiving module 6, in Terahertz receiving module 6
Vector network analyzer 2 is back to after low noise amplification, mixing and quadrature demodulation processing, then is transmitted to system control main frame 1
Imaging is carried out, finally gives the image in image scanning region.
Wherein, the progress of system control main frame 1 imaging refers to combine existing target sparse characteristic and compressed sensing
Imaging is carried out etc. data processing technique, is carried out by this existing method.
The present invention using transmission-type code aperture 5 in transmitting chain and receives link respectively to incident terahertz wave beam and
Scatter echo carries out once random phase shift, the time-space independence of terahertz signal can be effectively improved, before effectively increasing
Depending on imaging resolution.Lens phase modulation factor in receives link of the present invention is attached to transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna by scatter echo pack
Closely, the signal to noise ratio of device is improved.
General principle of the device provided by the invention based on Terahertz aperture coded imaging, by terahertz sources module,
Transmission-type encoding antenna, Terahertz receiving module and system control main frame, using quasi-optical technique to terahertz wave beam point to and
Spot size is regulated and controled.The brief miniaturization of system and device is realized, improves imaging resolution and image taking speed.Terahertz frequency range
Transmission-type aperture coding is simply possible to use in be modulated to electromagnetic wave space.
The present invention realizes forward sight high-resolution imaging to close-in target, can be applied to safety check and anti-terrorism, target acquisition and knowledge
Not, the low coverage imaging field such as chemicals identification, medical imaging and quality control.The imaging device, have high-resolution, high frame frequency,
The advantages of real-time and miniaturization.
Preferably, uniformly arranged on the vertical direction of transmission-type code aperture 5 N number of array element, the pitch of single array element is l：N,
Array element spacing according to be transmitted Terahertz wavelength determine, usually 1-5 Terahertz wavelength.Transmission-type code aperture 5 is vertical
Highly it is h on direction,
The THz wave that can be radiated in the pitch on smaller unit yardstick to transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna 4 carries out aperture volume
Code and phase-modulation, to obtain optimum code effect and Wave beam forming ability.Its specific value is added by transmission-type encoding antenna
Work technique determines that by taking the transmission-type array antenna based on Meta Materials as an example, array element pitch is up to hundreds of microns.
Preferably, the code aperture that transmission-type code aperture 5 is completely covered in the wave beam that multiplex antenna 4 is launched is received and dispatched.By saturating
The beam angle of the size and transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna 4 of penetrating formula code aperture 5 determines that now notch can be completely covered in launching beam
Footpath imaging effect is optimal.
Preferably, the level interval in transmission-type code aperture 5 and image scanning region is within 20.0m.Set by this spacing
The Effect on Detecting of optimal low coverage imaging can be realized by putting.
In device provided by the invention, system control main frame 1 encodes random phase shift factor generation pair according to aperture in formula (1)
Phase distribution figure is answered, is inputted to completion phase loading on transmission-type code aperture 5；
PC=random (pl,ph, m), (1)
Wherein, plAnd phThe upper and lower bound in random phase shift section is represented respectively, and random is represented to transmission-type code aperture
M-th of array element on 5 vertical directions applies is uniformly distributed random phase, m=1,2 ... N in phase shift section.
Lens phase modulation factor generation corresponding phase distribution map of the system control main frame 1 in formula (2), is inputted to saturating
Penetrate progress phase loading on formula code aperture 5；
Wherein, f be lens focal length, k=2 π fc/ c, fcFor the centre frequency of THz wave, c is the light velocity, ymFor transmission-type
The ordinate of m-th of array element central point on the vertical direction of code aperture, m=1,2 ... N, y0For lens on transmission-type code aperture 5
Ordinate at the phase centre location of phase modulation factor.
The transmission-type code aperture 5 of loaded lenses phase modulation factor has the function that digital lens, is incident in transmission-type
Terahertz wave beam on code aperture 5 is transmitted and focused on focusing surface.
Focusing surface and the level interval d in image scanning region are determined by formula (3)：
Wherein, a is transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna 4 and the level interval of transmission-type code aperture 5, and f is the focal length of lens, and b is
The level interval of formula notch 5 and image scanning region is penetrated, focusing surface refers in space residing for image scanning region with receiving and dispatching again
With conjugate planes of the antenna 4 on digital lens.
Transmit terahertz wave beam sensing and incident wave beam in be incident on transmission-type code aperture 5 lens phase modulation because
The phase centre location y of son0The radiation direction at place is consistent.Phase centre location (the phase center position of lens phase modulation factor
Put the y in formula (2)0Value) from transmission-type code aperture be displaced downwardly to upper extreme point during, transmit THz wave
Beam can realize that block-by-block scans successively to image scanning region.The hot spot that transmission terahertz wave beam is formed in image scanning region surface
Size is s, and the maximum detectable object height of imaging device provided by the invention is that l, s and l should meet formula (4) and (5)：
On the one hand, the aperture random phase shift factor of coding in transmitting chain can be at each array element of transmission-type code aperture
Random phase shift is carried out to incident terahertz wave beam, and then changes the space width distributed mutually of target area THz wave, makes its radiation
Before pattern is changed into random wave from spheric wave front, the aperture in receives link encodes random phase shift factor to the terahertz through target scattering
Hereby echo carries out random phase shift again, makes its echo-signal spatio-temporal independence stronger, in conjunction with target sparse characteristic and
The data processing techniques such as compressed sensing, imaging device resolution ratio is finally set to exceed with bore conventional radar diffraction limit to obtain
High resolution in wave beam is obtained, and pattern switching speed is fast, without being imaged integration time.
On the other hand, lens phase modulation factor can make transmission-type code aperture play a part of digital lens, to transmitting
The terahertz wave beam that multiplex antenna radiation is received and dispatched in link is transmitted and focuses to focusing surface, wherein, focusing surface refers to target
The plane being conjugated in space with transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna 4 on digital lens.In phase by changing lens phase modulation factor
Heart position, you can control the sensing of terahertz wave beam so that wave beam focus point translates on focusing surface, with identical spot size
Specific objective is detected, realizes beam scanning, avoids mechanical scanning of the imaging device to target, improves the imaging frame of device
Rate and stability, in addition in receives link, scatter echo reflexes to transmission-type code aperture 5, adjusts lens phase again and adjusts
The factor processed, system control main frame 1 generate lens phase modulation factor according to (2) formula, for scatter echo pack is multiplexed to transmitting-receiving
Near antenna, only difference is that Jiao of digital lens between the lens phase modulation factor in receives link and transmitting chain
Away from the focal length f ' of digital lens is in receives link：
And the focal length depends on transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna 4 and swept with transmission-type code aperture 5, transmission-type code aperture 5 with imaging
Retouch the spacing between region.Thus preferable imaging effect can be realized by simply adjusting a and b, avoided repeatedly
The trouble of scanning.
Below by taking the transmission-type code aperture based on Meta Materials as an example, the height on the vertical direction of transmission-type code aperture is determined
L=0.50 m are spent, the level interval a=0.50m of 1000 array elements, transmission-type code aperture and antenna is included on vertical direction,
The level interval of code aperture and target is b=1.5m.
System control main frame encodes random phase shift factor P according to apertureC=random (- 0.5 π, 0.5 π, m) generations are corresponding
Phase distribution figure, input to completion phase on transmission-type code aperture and load, wherein m=1,2 ... 1000.
Meanwhile system control main frame is according to lens phase modulation factorGenerate corresponding phase distribution
Figure, input to completion phase loading on transmission-type code aperture.Wherein, in transmitting chain lens focal length f=5/12m, k=2 π
fc/ c, the focal length of lens is the centre frequency f of f '=3/8m THz waves in receives linkc=300.00GHz, light velocity c=3 ×
108m/s。ymFor the ordinate of m-th of array element central point on the vertical direction of transmission-type code aperture, m=1,2 ... 1000.y0To be saturating
Penetrate the ordinate at the phase centre location of lens phase modulation factor on the vertical direction of formula code aperture.It is loaded with lens phase
The transmission-type code aperture of modulation factor has the function that digital lens, and incident terahertz wave beam is transmitted and focuses on focusing surface
On, focusing surface and the level interval d=1.00m of target are calculated by formula (3).
The phase centre location of lens phase modulation factor moves to the mistake of upper extreme point from the lower extreme point of transmission-type code aperture
Cheng Zhong, transmission terahertz wave beam can scan to realization of goal successively block-by-block.Transmission THz wave is calculated by formula (4) and (5)
The spot size s=0.20m that beam is formed in target surface, and the maximum detectable object height l=2m of device.
For a high 2.00m, for wide 1m imageable target, for example (,) human body safety check imaging, scan area Δ=
2.00m2, need Δ/s^2=50 scanning to realize the complete covering of " hot spot " to target, the transmission-type based on Meta Materials altogether
The time-consuming about t=1.00ms of single switching of code aperture.Therefore, imaging device carries out one to human body safety check imaging in the present embodiment
Secondary complete scan at least needs time-consuming T=Δs/s^2 × t=50.00ms, therefore system frame per second can reach 20.00Hz.
Existing safety check scanning imagery mainly uses mechanical scanning mode, and the mechanical scanning 1-2 seconds can run-down.Sweep time
Long, imaging efficiency is relatively low.Although can be provided using existing big array scanning speed, existing big array scanning imagery
Device is expensive.Add use cost.
Those skilled in the art will be clear that the scope of the present invention is not restricted to example discussed above, it is possible to which it is carried out
Some changes and modification, the scope of the present invention limited without departing from appended claims.Although oneself is through in accompanying drawing and explanation
Illustrate and describe the present invention in book in detail, but such explanation and description are only explanations or schematical, and it is nonrestrictive.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. forword-looking imaging device based on Terahertz frequency range transmission-type aperture coding, it is characterised in that including：Transmission-type is compiled Code holes footpath, for by the transmission-type code aperture to the transmitting chain of image scanning field emission THz wave and for passing through Cross the receives link that the transmission-type code aperture receives THz wave caused by the image scanning area radiation, the terahertz When hereby ripple passes through the transmission-type code aperture, the random phase shift factor of loading coding and lens phase on the transmission-type code aperture Position modulation factor.
- 2. the forword-looking imaging device according to claim 1 based on Terahertz frequency range transmission-type aperture coding, its feature exist In the transmitting chain includes：Terahertz sources device and the terahertz sources module for sending Terahertz, the Terahertz Transmitter module is connected with terahertz sources device, in the center of the terahertz sources device and the transmission-type code aperture The heart is on same axle；The receives link includes：Terahertz reception device and the Terahertz receiving module for receiving Terahertz, the terahertz Hereby receiving module is connected with Terahertz reception device, the center of the Terahertz reception device and the transmission-type code aperture Center is on same axle.
- 3. the forword-looking imaging device according to claim 2 based on Terahertz frequency range transmission-type aperture coding, its feature exist In the terahertz sources device and the Terahertz reception device are for sending Terahertz to the transmission-type code aperture And receive the transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna for the terahertz wave beam that transmission-type code aperture reflects.
- 4. the forword-looking imaging device according to claim 3 based on Terahertz frequency range transmission-type aperture coding, its feature exist In the code aperture of transmission-type code aperture is completely covered in the wave beam of the transmitting-receiving multiplex antenna transmitting.
- 5. the forword-looking imaging device according to claim 3 based on Terahertz frequency range transmission-type aperture coding, its feature exist In the level interval in the transmission-type code aperture and the image scanning region is within 20.0m.
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