CN107596785B - Filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air and a preparation method thereof. Hydrolyzing sodium silicate to prepare silicon dioxide gel, mixing the silicon dioxide gel with nano alumina crystal grains to control the micropore shape of silicon dioxide, mixing the obtained composite colloid with a dimethyl sulfoxide solution of cellulose, carrying out wet spinning, placing the obtained cellulose fiber wrapped by the micropore silicon dioxide between two layers of non-woven fabrics for paving, and pressing by an ultrasonic pressing machine to obtain the PM2.5 filter cloth. The filter cloth in the method adopts microporous silicon dioxide controlled by nanocrystalline to wrap cellulose fiber, has excellent adsorbability and filterability on PM2.5 fine particles, can well purify air, has good air permeability and high use comfort, can be used as an inner core material of an anti-haze mask, and is also suitable for filter elements of air conditioners and air purifiers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of filter materials, in particular to a filter cloth for improving the filtering efficiency of filter cloth through silicon dioxide gel and nano alumina crystal grains, and especially relates to a filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air and a preparation method thereof.
Background
PM2.5 refers to particles with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in environmental air, also called as respirable particles, which can be suspended in air for a long time, and in environmental science, particularly refers to solid particles or liquid drops suspended in air, which is one of the main sources of air pollution. Although PM2.5 is only a component of earth's atmospheric composition in small amounts, it has a significant effect on air quality and visibility, among other things.
The main components of PM2.5 are sulfate, nitrate, organic compounds, Elemental Carbon (EC), soil dust, and the like. Studies have shown that PM2.5 consists of primary particles emitted directly into the air and secondary particles generated by chemical conversion of gaseous pollutants in the air. The sources thereof are classified into natural sources and man-made sources. Natural sources include soil dust, sea salt, plant pollen, spores, bacteria, etc.; the artificial sources comprise fixed sources and flowing sources, and the fixed sources comprise various fuel combustion sources, such as smoke discharged by coal, gas or fuel oil in various industrial processes such as power generation, metallurgy, petroleum, chemistry, textile printing and dyeing and the like, heat supply and cooking processes; the flow source is mainly tail gas discharged to the atmosphere when various vehicles use fuel in the operation process.
Although fine particulate matter is only a component of earth's atmospheric constituents in small amounts, it has a significant effect on air quality and visibility, among other things. Compared with the thicker atmospheric particulate matter, the PM2.5 has small particle size, large area, strong activity, easy attachment of toxic and harmful substances, such as heavy metal, microorganism and the like, and the retention time in the atmosphereLong and long conveying distance, thereby having greater influence on human health and atmospheric environmental quality. The research results show that: namely, the PM2.5 concentration of the atmosphere rises by 100 mu g/m3The incidence of resident mortality increased by 12.07%. The currently known effects of fine particles on human health mainly include: increasing mortality in patients with severe and chronic diseases; aggravate respiratory and cardiac diseases; changes in lung function and its structure; altering immune function; increased cancer incidence, etc. Therefore, prevention and countermeasure of PM2.5 are important issues for the development of human society.
The current PM2.5 fine particle preventive measures include a filtration method, a water adsorption method, a plant absorption method, an air anion removal method and the like. However, common countermeasures include that in haze weather, windows are opened less and people are out less, a professional dustproof mask is worn outside, tea drinks such as Tung platycodon root tea, Tung ginseng tea, Tung platycodon root granules and platycodon root soup which are used for clearing lung and removing dust are drunk more, vitamin D is supplemented in a small amount, and honey water is drunk more when the diet is light. Wherein the filtration method is the most widely applied preventive measure, and the PM2.5 fine particle filtration technology has achieved certain effect at home and abroad at present.
The Chinese patent application No. 201310751677.4 discloses a mask capable of effectively filtering PM2.5, which comprises a non-woven fabric layer, a new material high-efficiency filtering layer, a general protective layer, a melt-blown non-woven fabric layer and a non-woven fabric layer, wherein the layers can be mutually and randomly stacked and connected into a whole by sewing or pressing.
The Chinese patent application No. 201310655060.2 discloses a high-efficiency PM2.5 filtering plane mask, which comprises a mask body for covering the mouth and nose of a wearer, wherein the mask body is of a three-layer structure to form a laminated shape, and the mask body sequentially comprises a polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric outer layer, a superfine denier electret melt-blown fiber non-woven fabric middle layer and a polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric inner layer from outside to inside, and has the characteristics of high filtering and low flow resistance.
The Chinese patent application No. 201310066827.8 discloses a PM2.5 filter structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein a hollow structure layer is arranged on a first main surface of a substrate, a plurality of micron hole structures penetrating through the hollow structure layer are arranged in the hollow structure layer, and the micron hole structures are communicated with an air circulation cavity in the substrate; arranging a transverse nanofiber body on the hollow structure layer, covering the transverse nanofiber body on the micron hole structure, and fastening the transverse nanofiber body on the hollow structure layer by utilizing the fibrous bottom; the transverse nanofiber body is provided with a longitudinal nanofiber body, and the longitudinal nanofiber body covers the transverse nanofiber body and the hollowed-out structure layer.
The Chinese patent application No. 201420052027.0 discloses a simple mask capable of efficiently filtering PM2.5, which comprises a mask body for covering the mouth and nose of a wearer, wherein the mask body is of a three-layer structure to form a laminated structure, and sequentially comprises a polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric outer layer, a superfine denier electret melt-blown fiber non-woven fabric middle layer and a polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric inner layer from outside to inside, when the mask is worn, the polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric inner layer faces the wearer, the polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric outer layer and the polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric inner layer are uniformly provided with small air holes, and the small air holes penetrate through the polypropylene spun-bonded non-woven fabric outer layer and the.
According to the above, the filter materials such as common masks and air filters in the existing schemes have good filtering effects on large particles above PM10 due to large gaps, but PM2.5 fine particles in air are difficult to remove efficiently, the material comfort is general, and the preparation process is complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the PM2.5 fine particles are more serious at present, the human physiological structure has no effective filtering capacity on the PM2.5 fine particles, and the filtering materials such as common masks and air filters are difficult to effectively remove the PM2.5 fine particles, the invention provides the filtering cloth for purifying the PM2.5 particles in the air and the preparation method thereof, so that the adsorption and the filtration of the PM2.5 fine particles are effectively realized, and the air purification effect is realized.
The invention relates to a specific technical scheme as follows:
a preparation method of filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air comprises the following steps:
(1) adding sodium silicate, a surfactant and a proper amount of water into ethanol serving as a solvent, heating to 40-50 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, adding hydrochloric acid serving as an acid catalyst, keeping the pH value of 3-5, hydrolyzing and aging the sodium silicate for 4-6 hours, adding a sodium hydroxide catalyst, keeping the pH value of 9-10, hydrolyzing and aging the sodium silicate for 8-12 hours, and preparing silicon dioxide gel; based on the total weight parts of the reaction system, the method comprises the following steps: 44-52 parts of ethanol, 12-15 parts of water, 35-40 parts of sodium silicate and 0.5-1 part of surfactant;
(2) transferring the silica gel into a stirrer, adding nano alumina crystal grains, and strongly stirring for 40-60 min at 200-300 r/min to obtain a composite colloid;
(3) adding cellulose into dimethyl sulfoxide, heating to 70-90 ℃, dissolving for 40-80 min, filtering and defoaming, adding the mixture into the composite colloid obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring to prepare a spinning solution containing nano particles, slowly pouring the spinning solution into a material kettle of a spinning machine, and performing extrusion spinning under the pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa to obtain cellulose fibers wrapped by microporous silicon dioxide;
(4) and (4) paving the fibers obtained in the step (3) and non-woven fabrics, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are non-woven fabrics, the fiber layer is positioned between the non-woven fabrics, and an ultrasonic pressing machine is adopted for pressing to combine the three layers compactly, so that the PM2.5 filter fabric is prepared.
Preferably, the sodium silicate is a hydrate of sodium metasilicate or sodium metasilicate, and the modulus of the sodium silicate is 2-3;
preferably, the surfactant is at least one of lauroyl glutamic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate or fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate;
preferably, the grain size of the nano alumina crystal grains is 10-30 nm, and the specific surface area is not less than 230m2(ii) a bulk density of 0.4 to 0.6g/cm3；
Preferably, the cellulose is at least one of wood cellulose, cotton cellulose, wheat straw cellulose, rice straw cellulose or reed cellulose;
the spinning solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of silica gel, 1-3 parts of nano alumina crystal grains, 12-14 parts of cellulose and 71-79 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide;
preferably, the spinning machine is a wet spinning machine, the number of spinneret holes is 30-40, the aperture is 60-80 mu m, the pump supply is 0.7-0.8 mL/min, the size of the coagulating tank is 200cm multiplied by 8 cm-250 cm multiplied by 8.5cm, and the size of the rinsing tank is 140cm multiplied by 17 cm-150 cm multiplied by 18 cm;
preferably, the coagulation draft ratio in the spinning process is 0.9-1.1, the washing draft ratio is 1.1-1.3, and the washing temperature is 60-80 ℃;
preferably, the non-woven fabric is one of terylene, polypropylene fiber, acrylic fiber, chinlon or spandex;
preferably, the motor power of the ultrasonic laminating machine is 1400-2000W, the ultrasonic frequency is not more than 20kHz, the working air pressure is 0.5-0.7 MPa, and the working current is 1-2.5A.
A filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air is prepared through preparing silica gel by gelatinizing sodium silicate, strongly dispersing nano alumina crystal grains in the silica gel, adding cellulose, preparing cellulose fibres wrapped by microporous silica by spinning, and pressing the fibrous bed between two layers of non-woven fabrics to obtain the PM2.5 filter cloth.
The silica aerogel has high specific surface area and high porosity, so that the silica aerogel has very good adsorbability and filterability, and the filter cloth prepared by wrapping cellulose with the silica gel can effectively adsorb pollutants in the air, filter particulate matters in the air and has a good filtering effect on particles with the particle size lower than PM 2.5. Meanwhile, the nano alumina crystal grains are introduced into the silica gel, and the micropore size of the silica can be controlled by the size of the nano crystal grains, so that the filtering size of the filter cloth can be adjusted according to the practical application condition of the filter cloth. The cellulose fiber in the filter cloth provides a passage for air circulation, so that the filter cloth has good air permeability, and when the filter cloth is used as a mask filter element material, the use comfort of the mask can be improved.
Compared with the traditional PP non-woven fabric mask, the mask pressed by non-woven fabric and cellulose fiber and the active carbon mask, the filter cloth prepared by the invention has obvious advantages in filtration efficiency, especially PM2.5 filtration efficiency, and has smaller respiratory resistance and improved use comfort.
The invention provides a filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air and a preparation method thereof, compared with the prior art, the filter cloth has the outstanding characteristics and excellent effects that:
1. a method for preparing a filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air by adopting cellulose fibers coated by microporous silicon dioxide is provided.
2. The filter cloth adopts microporous silicon dioxide to wrap cellulose fiber, the micropores are controlled by nanocrystalline, and the filter cloth has excellent adsorbability and filterability on PM2.5 fine particles in air.
3. The filter cloth provides a channel for air to pass through by using cellulose fibers, and is good in air permeability and high in use comfort.
4. The filter cloth has wide application range, can be used as a good inner core material of an anti-haze mask, and is also suitable for filter elements of air conditioners and air purifiers.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made by those skilled in the art and by conventional means without departing from the spirit of the method of the invention described above.
Example 1
(1) Adding sodium silicate, a surfactant and a proper amount of water into ethanol serving as a solvent, heating to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, adding hydrochloric acid serving as an acid catalyst, keeping the pH value of 3-5, hydrolyzing the sodium silicate, aging for 4-6 h, adding a sodium hydroxide catalyst, and keeping the pH value of 9-10 to prepare silicon dioxide gel; based on 100 parts of the total weight of the reaction system, the method comprises the following steps: 52 parts of ethanol, 12 parts of water, 35 parts of sodium silicate, 0.5 part of surfactant, 0.2 part of hydrochloric acid and 0.3 part of ammonium hydroxide; the sodium silicate is sodium metasilicate; the surfactant is lauroyl glutamic acid;
(2) transferring the silica gel into a stirrer, adding nano alumina crystal grains, and strongly stirring for 40min at 300r/min to obtain a composite colloid; the grain diameter of the nano alumina crystal grains is 30 nm;
(3) adding cellulose into dimethyl sulfoxide, heating to 90 ℃ to dissolve for 40min, filtering and defoaming, adding the obtained solution into the composite colloid obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring to prepare a spinning solution containing nano particles, slowly pouring the spinning solution into a material kettle of a spinning machine, and carrying out extrusion spinning under the pressure of 0.4MPa to obtain the cellulose fiber wrapped by microporous silicon dioxide; the cellulose is wood cellulose;
(4) paving the fiber obtained in the step (3) and non-woven fabrics, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are non-woven fabrics, the fiber layer is positioned between the non-woven fabrics, and pressing is carried out by adopting an ultrasonic pressing machine to compactly combine the three layers, so as to obtain PM2.5 filter cloth; the non-woven fabric is terylene;
in the spinning solution: 10 parts of silicon dioxide gel, 2 parts of nano alumina crystal grains, 13 parts of cellulose and 75 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide;
the number of spinneret holes of the spinning machine is 40, the aperture is 60 mu m, the pump supply is 0.8mL/min, the size of the coagulating bath is 200cm multiplied by 8cm, and the size of the rinsing bath is 150cm multiplied by 18 cm; the solidification draft ratio is 1.1, the washing draft ratio is 1.3, and the washing temperature is 60 ℃;
the motor power of the ultrasonic laminating machine is 1400W, the ultrasonic frequency is 18kHz, the working air pressure is 0.5MPa, and the working current is 2.5A;
the filter cloths obtained in example 1 were used to form masks, and the filtration efficiencies of the masks with respect to PM10, PM5, and PM2.5 and the respiratory resistances of the masks were measured under the test conditions specified in the NIOSH standard, as shown in table 1.
Example 2
(1) Adding sodium silicate, a surfactant and a proper amount of water into ethanol serving as a solvent, heating to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, adding hydrochloric acid serving as an acid catalyst, keeping the pH value of 3-5, hydrolyzing the sodium silicate, aging for 4-6 h, adding a sodium hydroxide catalyst, and keeping the pH value of 9-10 to prepare silicon dioxide gel; based on 100 parts of the total weight of the reaction system, the method comprises the following steps: 46 parts of ethanol, 13.2 parts of water, 39 parts of sodium silicate, 1 part of surfactant, 0.3 part of hydrochloric acid and 0.5 part of ammonium hydroxide; the sodium silicate is sodium metasilicate; the surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate;
(2) transferring the silica gel into a stirrer, adding nano alumina crystal grains, and strongly stirring at 240r/min for 45min to obtain a composite colloid; the grain diameter of the nano alumina crystal grain is 10 nm;
(3) adding cellulose into dimethyl sulfoxide, heating to 80 ℃ to dissolve for 60min, filtering and defoaming, adding the obtained solution into the composite colloid obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring to prepare a spinning solution containing nano particles, slowly pouring the spinning solution into a material kettle of a spinning machine, and carrying out extrusion spinning under the pressure of 0.3MPa to obtain the cellulose fiber wrapped by microporous silicon dioxide; the cellulose is cotton cellulose;
(4) paving the fiber obtained in the step (3) and non-woven fabrics, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are non-woven fabrics, the fiber layer is positioned between the non-woven fabrics, and pressing is carried out by adopting an ultrasonic pressing machine to compactly combine the three layers, so as to obtain PM2.5 filter cloth; the non-woven fabric is spandex;
in the spinning solution: 8 parts of silica gel, 1 part of nano alumina crystal grain, 12 parts of cellulose and 79 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide;
the number of spinneret holes of the spinning machine is 35, the aperture is 80 mu m, the pump supply is 0.7mL/min, the size of the coagulating bath is 250cm multiplied by 8.5cm, and the size of the rinsing bath is 140cm multiplied by 17 cm; the solidification draft ratio is 0.9, the washing draft ratio is 1.1, and the washing temperature is 60 ℃;
the motor power of the ultrasonic laminating machine is 1800W, the ultrasonic frequency is 20kHz, the working air pressure is 0.5MPa, and the working current is 1.5A;
the filter cloth obtained in example 2 was formed into a mask, and the filtration efficiency of PM10, PM5, and PM2.5 and the respiratory resistance of the mask were measured under the test conditions specified in the NIOSH standard, as shown in table 1.
Example 3
(1) Adding sodium silicate, a surfactant and a proper amount of water into ethanol serving as a solvent, heating to 42 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, adding hydrochloric acid serving as an acid catalyst, keeping the pH value of 3-5, hydrolyzing the sodium silicate, aging for 4-6 h, adding a sodium hydroxide catalyst, and keeping the pH value of 9-10 to prepare silicon dioxide gel; based on 100 parts of the total weight of the reaction system, the method comprises the following steps: 49 parts of ethanol, 14.9 parts of water, 35 parts of sodium silicate, 0.5 part of surfactant, 0.3 part of hydrochloric acid and 0.3 part of ammonium hydroxide; the sodium silicate is sodium metasilicate; the surfactant is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate;
(2) transferring the silica gel into a stirrer, adding nano alumina crystal grains, and strongly stirring at 280r/min for 55min to obtain a composite colloid; the grain diameter of the nano alumina crystal grain is 20 nm;
(3) adding cellulose into dimethyl sulfoxide, heating to 85 ℃ to dissolve for 70min, filtering and defoaming, adding the obtained solution into the composite colloid obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring to prepare a spinning solution containing nano particles, slowly pouring the spinning solution into a material kettle of a spinning machine, and carrying out extrusion spinning under the pressure of 0.4MPa to obtain the cellulose fiber wrapped by microporous silicon dioxide; the cellulose is wheat straw cellulose;
(4) paving the fiber obtained in the step (3) and non-woven fabrics, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are non-woven fabrics, the fiber layer is positioned between the non-woven fabrics, and pressing is carried out by adopting an ultrasonic pressing machine to compactly combine the three layers, so as to obtain PM2.5 filter cloth; the non-woven fabric is chinlon;
in the spinning solution: 12 parts of silica gel, 3 parts of nano alumina crystal grains, 14 parts of cellulose and 71 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide;
the number of spinneret holes of the spinning machine is 40, the aperture is 80 mu m, the pump supply is 0.8mL/min, the size of the coagulating bath is 220cm multiplied by 8cm, and the size of the rinsing bath is 145cm multiplied by 17.5 cm; the solidification draft ratio is 0.9, the washing draft ratio is 1.1, and the washing temperature is 60 ℃;
the motor power of the ultrasonic laminating machine is 2000W, the ultrasonic frequency is 20kHz, the working air pressure is 0.6MPa, and the working current is 2A;
the filter cloth obtained in example 3 was formed into a mask, and the filtration efficiency of PM10, PM5, and PM2.5 and the respiratory resistance of the mask were measured under the test conditions specified in the NIOSH standard, as shown in table 1.
Example 4
(1) Adding sodium silicate, a surfactant and a proper amount of water into ethanol serving as a solvent, heating to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, adding hydrochloric acid serving as an acid catalyst, keeping the pH value of 3-5, hydrolyzing the sodium silicate, aging for 4-6 h, adding a sodium hydroxide catalyst, and keeping the pH value of 9-10 to prepare silicon dioxide gel; based on 100 parts of the total weight of the reaction system, the method comprises the following steps: 45.3 parts of ethanol, 15 parts of water, 38 parts of sodium silicate, 1 part of surfactant, 0.3 part of hydrochloric acid and 0.4 part of ammonium hydroxide; the sodium silicate is sodium metasilicate; the surfactant is fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate;
(2) transferring the silica gel into a stirrer, adding nano alumina crystal grains, and strongly stirring at 200r/min for 60min to obtain a composite colloid; the grain diameter of the nano alumina crystal grains is 30 nm;
(3) adding cellulose into dimethyl sulfoxide, heating to 70 ℃ to dissolve for 80min, filtering and defoaming, adding the obtained solution into the composite colloid obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring to prepare a spinning solution containing nano particles, slowly pouring the spinning solution into a material kettle of a spinning machine, and carrying out extrusion spinning under the pressure of 0.4MPa to obtain the cellulose fiber wrapped by microporous silicon dioxide; the cellulose is straw cellulose;
(4) paving the fiber obtained in the step (3) and non-woven fabrics, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are non-woven fabrics, the fiber layer is positioned between the non-woven fabrics, and pressing is carried out by adopting an ultrasonic pressing machine to compactly combine the three layers, so as to obtain PM2.5 filter cloth; the non-woven fabric is acrylic fiber;
in the spinning solution: 10 parts of silicon dioxide gel, 3 parts of nano alumina crystal grains, 13 parts of cellulose and 74 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide;
the number of spinneret holes of the spinning machine is 30, the aperture is 80 mu m, the pump supply is 0.8mL/min, the size of a coagulating tank is 250cm multiplied by 8cm, and the size of a rinsing tank is 150cm multiplied by 17 cm; the solidification draft ratio is 0.9, the washing draft ratio is 1.3, and the washing temperature is 80 ℃;
the motor power of the ultrasonic laminating machine is 2000W, the ultrasonic frequency is 16kHz, the working air pressure is 0.5MPa, and the working current is 1A;
the filter cloth obtained in example 4 was formed into a mask, and the filtration efficiency of PM10, PM5, and PM2.5 and the breathing resistance of the mask were measured under the test conditions specified in the NIOSH standard, as shown in table 1.
Example 5
(1) Adding sodium silicate, a surfactant and a proper amount of water into ethanol serving as a solvent, heating to 45 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, adding hydrochloric acid serving as an acid catalyst, keeping the pH value of 3-5, hydrolyzing the sodium silicate, aging for 4-6 h, adding a sodium hydroxide catalyst, and keeping the pH value of 9-10 to prepare silicon dioxide gel; based on 100 parts of the total weight of the reaction system, the method comprises the following steps: 47 parts of ethanol, 12 parts of water, 40 parts of sodium silicate, 0.5 part of surfactant, 0.2 part of hydrochloric acid and 0.3 part of ammonium hydroxide; the sodium silicate is sodium metasilicate; the surfactant is lauroyl glutamic acid;
(2) transferring the silica gel into a stirrer, adding nano alumina crystal grains, and strongly stirring for 48min at 270r/min to obtain a composite colloid; the grain diameter of the nano alumina crystal grain is 15 nm;
(3) adding cellulose into dimethyl sulfoxide, heating to 75 ℃ to dissolve for 50min, filtering and defoaming, adding the obtained solution into the composite colloid obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring to prepare a spinning solution containing nano particles, slowly pouring the spinning solution into a material kettle of a spinning machine, and carrying out extrusion spinning under the pressure of 0.3MPa to obtain cellulose fibers wrapped by microporous silicon dioxide; the cellulose is wood cellulose;
(4) paving the fiber obtained in the step (3) and non-woven fabrics, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are non-woven fabrics, the fiber layer is positioned between the non-woven fabrics, and pressing is carried out by adopting an ultrasonic pressing machine to compactly combine the three layers, so as to obtain PM2.5 filter cloth; the non-woven fabric is terylene;
in the spinning solution: 8 parts of silica gel, 3 parts of nano alumina crystal grains, 14 parts of cellulose and 75 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide;
the number of spinneret holes of the spinning machine is 32, the aperture is 75 mu m, the pump supply is 0.8mL/min, the size of the coagulating bath is 250cm multiplied by 8.5cm, and the size of the rinsing bath is 150cm multiplied by 18 cm; the solidification draft ratio is 0.9, the washing draft ratio is 1.2, and the washing temperature is 70 ℃;
the motor power of the ultrasonic laminating machine is 1900W, the ultrasonic frequency is 18kHz, the working air pressure is 0.5MPa, and the working current is 2.5A;
the filter cloth obtained in example 5 was used to prepare a mask, and the filtration efficiencies of PM10, PM5, and PM2.5 and the respiratory resistance of the mask were measured under the test conditions specified in the NIOSH standard, as shown in table 1.
Example 6
(1) Adding sodium silicate, a surfactant and a proper amount of water into ethanol serving as a solvent, heating to 50 ℃, keeping constant temperature, adding hydrochloric acid serving as an acid catalyst, keeping the pH value of 3-5, hydrolyzing and aging the sodium silicate for 4-6 h, adding a sodium hydroxide catalyst, keeping the pH value of 9-10, hydrolyzing and aging the sodium silicate for 12h, and preparing silicon dioxide gel; based on 100 parts of the total weight of the reaction system, the method comprises the following steps: 48.5 parts of ethanol, 13 parts of water, 37 parts of sodium silicate, 0.8 part of surfactant, 0.2 part of hydrochloric acid and 0.5 part of ammonium hydroxide; the sodium silicate is sodium metasilicate; the surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate;
(2) transferring the silica gel into a stirrer, adding nano alumina crystal grains, and strongly stirring at 200r/min for 60min to obtain a composite colloid; the grain diameter of the nano alumina crystal grains is 30 nm;
(3) adding cellulose into dimethyl sulfoxide, heating to 70 ℃ to dissolve for 65min, filtering and defoaming, adding the obtained solution into the composite colloid obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring to prepare a spinning solution containing nano particles, slowly pouring the spinning solution into a material kettle of a spinning machine, and carrying out extrusion spinning under the pressure of 0.3MPa to obtain the cellulose fiber wrapped by microporous silicon dioxide; the cellulose is reed cellulose;
(4) paving the fiber obtained in the step (3) and non-woven fabrics, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are non-woven fabrics, the fiber layer is positioned between the non-woven fabrics, and pressing is carried out by adopting an ultrasonic pressing machine to compactly combine the three layers, so as to obtain PM2.5 filter cloth; the non-woven fabric is polypropylene;
in the spinning solution: 12 parts of silica gel, 1 part of nano alumina crystal grain, 14 parts of cellulose and 73 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide;
the number of spinneret holes of the spinning machine is 40, the aperture is 60 mu m, the pump supply is 0.8mL/min, the size of the coagulating bath is 200cm multiplied by 8cm, and the size of the rinsing bath is 150cm multiplied by 18 cm; the solidification draft ratio is 1.1, the washing draft ratio is 1.1, and the washing temperature is 70 ℃;
the motor power of the ultrasonic laminating machine is 1800W, the ultrasonic frequency is 16kHz, the working air pressure is 0.6MPa, and the working current is 1.5A;
the filter cloth obtained in example 6 was formed into a mask, and the filtration efficiency of PM10, PM5, and PM2.5 and the respiratory resistance of the mask were measured under the test conditions specified in the NIOSH standard, as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
(1) Adding cellulose into dimethyl sulfoxide, heating to 70 ℃ to dissolve for 65min, filtering and defoaming to prepare spinning solution, slowly pouring the spinning solution into a material kettle of a spinning machine, and performing extrusion spinning under the pressure of 0.3MPa to obtain cellulose fibers; the cellulose is reed cellulose;
(2) paving the cellulose fiber and non-woven fabrics, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are non-woven fabrics, the fiber layer is positioned between the non-woven fabrics, and pressing is carried out by adopting an ultrasonic pressing machine to compactly combine the three layers, so as to obtain the filter cloth; the non-woven fabric is polypropylene;
in the spinning solution: 17 parts of cellulose and 83 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide;
the number of spinneret holes of the spinning machine is 40, the aperture is 60 mu m, the pump supply is 0.8mL/min, the size of the coagulating bath is 200cm multiplied by 8cm, and the size of the rinsing bath is 150cm multiplied by 18 cm; the solidification draft ratio is 1.1, the washing draft ratio is 1.1, and the washing temperature is 70 ℃;
the motor power of the ultrasonic laminating machine is 1800W, the ultrasonic frequency is 16kHz, the working air pressure is 0.6MPa, and the working current is 1.5A;
the filter cloths obtained in comparative example 1 were made into masks, and the filtration efficiencies of the masks for PM10, PM5, and PM2.5 and the respiratory resistance of the masks were measured under the test conditions specified in the NIOSH standard, as shown in table 2.
Table 2:
| performance index | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | Comparative example 1 |
| PM10 filtration efficiency (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| PM5 filtration efficiency (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 85.5 |
| PM2.5 filtration efficiency (%) | 98.4 | 98.8 | 99.2 | 98.6 | 98.2 | 98.3 | 42.6 |
| Resistance to breathing | Is smaller | Is smaller | Is smaller | Is smaller | Is smaller | Is smaller | Is larger |
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air comprises the following steps:
(1) adding sodium silicate, a surfactant and a proper amount of water into ethanol serving as a solvent, heating to 40-50 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, adding hydrochloric acid serving as an acid catalyst, keeping the pH value of 3-5, hydrolyzing and aging the sodium silicate for 4-6 hours, adding a sodium hydroxide catalyst, keeping the pH value of 9-10, hydrolyzing and aging the sodium silicate for 8-12 hours, and preparing silicon dioxide gel; based on the total weight parts of the reaction system, the method comprises the following steps: 44-52 parts of ethanol, 12-15 parts of water, 35-40 parts of sodium silicate and 0.5-1 part of surfactant;
(2) transferring the silica gel into a stirrer, adding nano alumina crystal grains, and strongly stirring for 40-60 min at 200-300 r/min to obtain a composite colloid; the grain size of the nano alumina crystal grains is 10-30 nm, and the specific surface area is not less than 230m2(ii) a bulk density of 0.4 to 0.6g/cm3；
(3) Adding cellulose into dimethyl sulfoxide, heating to 70-90 ℃, dissolving for 40-80 min, filtering and defoaming, adding the mixture into the composite colloid obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring to prepare a spinning solution containing nano particles, slowly pouring the spinning solution into a material kettle of a spinning machine, and performing extrusion spinning under the pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa to obtain cellulose fibers wrapped by microporous silicon dioxide; the spinning solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of silica gel, 1-3 parts of nano alumina crystal grains, 12-14 parts of cellulose and 71-79 parts of dimethyl sulfoxide;
the spinning machine is a wet spinning machine, the number of holes of a spinneret plate is 30-40, the aperture is 60-80 mu m, the pump supply is 0.7-0.8 mL/min, the size of a coagulating tank is 200cm multiplied by 8 cm-250 cm multiplied by 8.5cm, and the size of a rinsing tank is 140cm multiplied by 17 cm-150 cm multiplied by 18 cm; the coagulation draft ratio in the spinning process is 0.9-1.1, the washing draft ratio is 1.1-1.3, and the washing temperature is 60-80 ℃;
(4) paving the fibers and the non-woven fabrics obtained in the step (3), wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are non-woven fabrics, the fiber layer is positioned between the non-woven fabrics and is pressed by an ultrasonic pressing machine, the power of a motor of the ultrasonic pressing machine is 1400-2000W, the ultrasonic frequency is not more than 20kHz, the working air pressure is 0.5-0.7 MPa, and the working current is 1-2.5A; and (4) compactly combining the three layers to obtain the PM2.5 filter cloth.
2. The method for preparing filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sodium silicate is hydrate of sodium metasilicate or sodium metasilicate, and the modulus of the sodium silicate is 2-3; the surfactant is at least one of lauroyl glutamic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate or fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate.
3. The method for preparing filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cellulose is at least one of wood cellulose, cotton cellulose, wheat straw cellulose, straw cellulose or reed cellulose.
4. The method for preparing filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the non-woven fabric is one of terylene, polypropylene fiber, acrylic fiber, chinlon or spandex.
5. A filter cloth for purifying PM2.5 particles in air, which is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| WO2005076919A2 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-08-25 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Hydrogen-selective silica-based membrane |
| CN101481855A (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2009-07-15 | 江南大学 | Preparation of silicon dioxide / polyvinylidene fluoride composite nano fiber film |
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Denomination of invention: A method for purifying PM2 in air 5 particle filter cloth and its preparation method Effective date of registration: 20211214 Granted publication date: 20200616 Pledgee: Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Jinshan sub branch Pledgor: SHANGHAI YINGZI NON-WOVEN FABRICS CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2021310000127 |
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