CN107591870B - Energy storage system for elevator - Google Patents
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- CN107591870B CN107591870B CN201710761190.2A CN201710761190A CN107591870B CN 107591870 B CN107591870 B CN 107591870B CN 201710761190 A CN201710761190 A CN 201710761190A CN 107591870 B CN107591870 B CN 107591870B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B50/00—Energy efficient technologies in elevators, escalators and moving walkways, e.g. energy saving or recuperation technologies
Abstract
The invention discloses an energy storage system for an elevator, which fully considers the influence of constraint conditions such as power/energy of feedback electric energy of the elevator, voltage of a bidirectional DC/DC converter and the like on the capacity of a lithium battery pack by combining the energy storage of a lithium battery and the auxiliary shunt of a braking resistor to obtain the number of monomers in series connection of the battery pack and a calculation formula of the monomer capacity; and according to the control parameters such as the direct current bus voltage, the three-phase voltage, the SOC of the lithium battery pack and the like, the optimal distribution of the regenerative electric energy between the lithium battery pack and the brake resistor is realized. The invention reduces the upper limit of the power needed to be born by the battery pack and can effectively reduce the parallel capacity of the lithium battery and the cost of the energy storage system on the premise of effectively ensuring that the voltage of the direct current bus of the elevator is in a safe range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of elevator energy conservation, in particular to an energy storage system for an elevator.
Background
When the frequency conversion elevator is in heavy load descending and light load ascending, the traction machine is in a power generation state, and the potential energy of the elevator can be converted into electric energy and fed back to the direct current power supply network. In order to ensure the safety and reliability of a direct current power supply system, an elevator is generally provided with a resistor to consume feedback electric energy so as to inhibit pump-generated voltage generated on a direct current side, but the energy is greatly wasted. The elevator feedback electric energy is absorbed and recycled in an energy storage mode, so that the rise of bus voltage can be effectively inhibited, the safe operation of a power supply system is guaranteed, and the high efficiency and energy conservation of the elevator can be realized.
The elevator regenerative electric energy has the characteristics of strong randomness and large fluctuation, and the key problem in the application of the elevator energy storage recovery system is how to reasonably set the capacity of the energy storage system and the control strategy to realize the efficient recovery of the electric energy. However, the design method and the control strategy of the elevator energy storage system at present lack comprehensive consideration on the system running state and capacity optimization, so that the problems of overlarge capacity, higher cost, lower energy saving rate of the system and the like of the elevator energy storage system at present still exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, there is a need for an energy storage system for an elevator, which solves the problems of redundant capacity and high cost of the current energy storage system for an elevator.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an energy storage system for an elevator comprises a bidirectional DC/DC converter 10, a lithium battery pack 20 and a power distribution controller 30, wherein the high-voltage side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 10 is connected to two ends of a direct current bus 400, and the low-voltage side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is connected with the lithium battery pack 20; the detection input end of the power distribution controller 30 is connected with a direct current bus 400, the control output end is connected with the bidirectional DC/DC converter 10 and the switch circuit 40 of the brake resistor 50, and the brake resistor 50 is connected with the switch circuit 40 in series and then connected with the two ends of the direct current bus 400;
the power distribution controller 30 detects the DC bus voltage in real time, determines a driving instruction according to a control strategy, and controls the start and stop of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 10 and the on and off of the switch circuit 40;
the control strategy of the power distribution controller 30 is: in the stage of feeding back electric energy by the elevator, when the voltage of the direct current bus rises, the lithium battery pack 20 is firstly adopted to discharge the electric energy, and if the voltage of the direct current bus continues to rise, the brake resistor 50 is added to consume the electric energy; when the elevator is in an electric traction stage, the voltage of the direct current bus is reduced, and the lithium battery pack 20 is adopted to compensate the electric energy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the method combines the lithium battery energy storage and the brake resistor auxiliary shunt mode, fully considers the influences of constraint conditions such as power/energy of elevator feedback electric energy and voltage of a bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the like, and realizes power optimal distribution of feedback electric energy, thereby reducing the upper limit of power required to be born by the battery pack, and effectively reducing the parallel capacity of the lithium batteries and the system cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topological structure diagram of an energy storage system for an elevator of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the power variation of regenerative electric energy in the feedback process of an elevator;
fig. 3 is a control flowchart of the energy storage system for an elevator of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the change in voltage of the elevator DC bus during regenerative feedback;
fig. 5 is a power distribution curve for a battery pack, a brake resistor.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy storage system of the present invention includes a lithium battery pack 20, a bidirectional DC/DC converter 10, and a power distribution controller 30. The high-voltage side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 10 is connected to two ends of a direct current bus 400, and the low-voltage side is connected with the lithium battery pack 20; the detection input end of the power distribution controller 30 is connected with a direct current bus 400, the control output end is connected with the bidirectional DC/DC converter 10 and the switch circuit 40 of the brake resistor 50, and the brake resistor 50 is connected with the switch circuit 40 in series and then connected with the two ends of the direct current bus 400. In addition, the structure shown in fig. 1 further comprises a tractor 600 and a voltage frequency conversion control circuit 500 which are original in an elevator system.
The power distribution controller detects the voltage of the direct-current bus in real time, determines a driving instruction according to a control strategy, and controls the starting and stopping of the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the opening and closing of the switch circuit. The overall control principle of the power distribution controller is as follows: the lithium battery is preferentially used for absorbing the redundant electric quantity, and the electric quantity is reduced by combining with the brake resistor to assist in shunting. The specific control strategy is as follows: in the stage of feeding back electric energy by the elevator, the voltage of the direct current bus rises, the lithium battery pack is adopted to discharge electric energy, and if the voltage of the direct current bus continues to rise, the brake resistor is added to consume the electric energy; when the elevator is in an electric traction stage, the voltage of the direct-current bus is reduced, and the lithium battery pack is adopted to compensate the electric energy.
The maximum transformation ratio of the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is 5:1, in order to reduce the influence of voltage change on the converter, the lithium battery pack is preferably a battery with a stable voltage platform, and the electric quantity of the platform section is used, for example, a lithium iron phosphate battery is adopted, and the SOC range is selected to be 20% -80%, namely the DOD is 60%.
Number N of series monomers of lithium iron phosphate battery packsbAnd the cell capacity Q is determined by the following power conditions and transformer transformation ratio requirements: in the charging and discharging process, the battery is controlled to only adopt the capacity of the voltage platform section; according to the instantaneous maximum power P of the regenerated electric energy of the elevatormaxCalculating the relation between the voltage and the terminal voltage U of the lithium battery pack to obtain the maximum charging current I of the battery packmax(ii) a And connected with the maximum allowable charging multiplying power C of the single battery in seriesmaxAs a ratio, the capacity Q is obtained1The calculation formula is as follows:
according to the maximum conversion ratio eta of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the starting charging voltage value U of the converter is combinedmaxAnd a discharge start voltage value UminAnd obtaining the total voltage of the series connection of the battery pack, wherein the total voltage meets the following formula:
U≥η*Umax&&U≥η*Umin
combining the formula to obtain the number N of the series monomers of the battery packsbAnd the method for calculating the capacity Q of the single battery is as follows:
wherein, UcellFor the rated voltage of the cell, floor (x) is a rounding function.
Respectively setting the starting voltage U of the bidirectional DC/DC converter in the process of absorbing the regenerated electric energy of the elevatorbat(i.e., the charge start voltage of the lithium battery pack) is in [ U ]bat,min,Ubat,max]Interval, brake resistance switch circuit starting voltage UresIn [ U ]res,min,Ures,max]An interval. Generally, the voltage value U for starting charging of the battery packbat,maxIs less thanVoltage value U of brake resistor startres,maxVoltage value U at which battery pack stops chargingbat,minIs also less than the voltage value U of the brake resistor startres,max。
When detecting that the voltage of the direct current bus is higher than Ubat,maxWhen the voltage of the bus is detected to be lower than U, the bidirectional DC/DC converter obtains a starting signal, and the direct-current bus charges the lithium battery pack until the voltage of the bus is detected to be lower than Ubat,minOr when the SOC of the lithium battery pack is higher than the upper limit of the capacity, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is turned off, and the battery pack is stopped to be charged; when detecting that the voltage of the direct current bus is higher than Ures,maxWhen the voltage of the bus is detected to be lower than U, the brake resistor switching circuit obtains an opening signal, and the direct current bus releases energy through the brake resistor until the voltage of the bus is detected to be lower than Ures,minWhen the brake is on, the brake resistor switch circuit is turned off.
The power distribution controller also sets the discharge starting voltage U of the lithium battery packdisAnd will UdisIs set at [ U ]dis,min,Udis,max]Within the interval, and Udis,maxIs less than the rated voltage of the direct current bus.
When the elevator is in an electric traction stage, the voltage of a direct current bus is detected to be lower than Udis,minWhen the voltage of the direct current bus is recovered to U, an instruction for starting the discharge of the lithium battery pack and discharging according to the maximum discharge rate is sent to the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the lithium battery pack releases energy according to the maximum discharge rate until the voltage of the direct current bus is recovered to Udis,max(ii) a When detecting that the voltage of the direct current bus is higher than Udis,maxAnd when the elevator is dragged, a command of adjusting the discharge multiplying power to the rated discharge multiplying power is sent to the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the lithium battery pack releases energy at the rated discharge multiplying power until the elevator stops dragging.
The arrangement shown in fig. 1 also comprises a three-phase network 100, the three-phase network 100 being converted into a dc bus 400 via a rectifier 200 and a capacitor 300. The power distribution controller can also be connected with the three-phase power grid, detect three-phase voltage in real time, convert the three-phase voltage into the real value of the direct-current bus voltage, and dynamically distribute the power of the feedback electric energy of the elevator through a voltage classification and difference value proportion control method. Specifically, the real value of the DC bus voltage is compared with the rated value, the ratio is recorded as gamma, and then U is obtainedbat,minAnd Ubat,maxTool (A)The volume value will dynamically increase or decrease by the same proportion based on the set value, depending on the change in gamma. The on and off voltages of the bidirectional DC/DC converter can be obtained to satisfy the following formula.
Wherein, U0Is the rated value of the direct current bus voltage of the elevator.
As shown in fig. 1, the detection object of the power distribution controller further includes a lithium battery pack to obtain the SOC of the lithium battery, and the SOC of the lithium battery pack is controlled to be maintained in a 20% -80% interval during the charging and discharging process, and the high-rate charging and discharging of the lithium battery pack (20) is avoided.
Fig. 2 shows the power fluctuation and energy level of feedback electric energy of a certain elevator, the peak power is 19kw, and the single feedback electric energy is 0.122 kwh. According to the capacity calculation formula, 3.2V/20Ah lithium iron phosphate batteries can be selected as battery pack single devices, the number of the battery packs in series connection is 36, the number of the parallel-connection sets is 1, the maximum multiplying power borne by the batteries is 5C, and the total energy storage capacity of the battery pack is 2.32 kwh.
Fig. 3 is a control flow chart of the energy storage system. And calculating to obtain voltage reference values (charging starting voltage, discharging starting voltage, braking resistance starting voltage, lower limit of direct-current bus voltage and the like of the lithium battery pack) in the power distribution controller by acquiring real-time values of the three-phase alternating-current voltage and the direct-current bus voltage. In the stage of feeding back electric energy by the elevator, comparing the acquired real-time value of the voltage of the direct current bus with the calculated voltage reference value: when the charging starting voltage is higher than the battery pack charging starting voltage and the SOC of the energy storage system is less than 80%, starting the bidirectional DC/DC converter to charge the energy storage system so as to absorb the feedback electric energy of the elevator; when the voltage is higher than the starting voltage of the brake resistor, the brake resistor switch is started to realize resistor dissipation shunting; and respectively closing the brake resistance switch and the bidirectional DC/DC converter until the acquired direct current bus voltage is smaller than the voltage lower limit reference value, and keeping the energy storage system in a standby state. When the elevator is in an electric traction stage, comparing the acquired real-time value of the direct current bus voltage with the calculated voltage reference value: when the SOC of the lithium battery pack is lower than the discharge starting voltage of the battery pack, the lithium battery pack discharges, if the SOC is less than 50%, the lithium battery pack is controlled to discharge at the maximum discharge rate only when the DC bus voltage drops to the working lower limit, otherwise, the lithium battery pack discharges according to the rated discharge rate until the DC bus voltage recovers to the rated voltage, and during the period, if the SOC of the lithium battery pack is lower than 20%, the lithium battery pack stops discharging; when the direct-current bus voltage is higher than the discharging starting voltage of the lithium battery pack and the SOC of the lithium battery pack is higher than 50%, the lithium battery pack is controlled to discharge at a rated discharging multiplying power until the elevator stops dragging or the SOC of the lithium battery pack is reduced to be below 50%.
During the electric traction phase, if the value of the dc bus voltage is reduced but not too low (i.e. the lithium battery pack is not required to be discharged to provide support), the capacity of the lithium battery pack is still higher (i.e. higher than a certain SOC value, for example, defined as 50%), then the rated discharge rate is adjusted. On one hand, the discharge rate of the lithium battery pack is reduced, and the excessive utilization of the battery can be reduced; on the other hand, the energy of the battery can be released, and space is made available for the later requirement of energy recovery. If the condition is not limited, the direct current bus voltage is not very low, and the condition is acceptable; however, the capacity of the lithium battery is not very high, and in this case, the lithium battery also releases electric energy ", which may result in the battery capacity being too low to be compensated.
Fig. 4 and 5 are real-time curves obtained according to the control flow, wherein: fig. 4 is a graph showing the voltage change of the direct current bus of the elevator in the regenerative feedback process, and fig. 5 is a graph showing the power distribution of the battery pack and the brake resistor. It can be seen that at the moment of reverse starting of the elevator tractor, the regenerative energy is fed back to the direct-current power supply network to enable the direct-current side capacitor to generate pumping voltage, so that the bus voltage rises and rapidly reaches the starting voltage threshold value of the lithium battery pack of 570V, at the moment, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is started and charges the lithium battery pack at the maximum allowable charging rate, the rising speed of the bus voltage is slowed down and fluctuates between 550V and 570V; at this stage, the brake resistor is not put into use and all the feedback electric energy is recovered by the energy storage system. Along with the continuous acceleration of the elevator, the feedback electric energy power is increased, the lithium battery pack cannot effectively inhibit the voltage rise of a direct current network due to the limitation of charging multiplying power, and along with the voltage rise of a bus to a safety upper limit of 580V, a brake resistor switching circuit is started, and part of regenerated electric energy is consumed by the aid of a brake resistor, so that the voltage of the direct current bus can be stabilized within 580V and fluctuates between 570V and 580V; in this stage, the regenerative electric energy is shared by the lithium battery pack and the brake resistor, and the brake resistor is in a continuous switching operation state substantially, while the lithium battery pack is in a charging state continuously. When the elevator starts to run in a decelerating mode, the feedback power is reduced, the voltage of the direct-current bus is continuously reduced, when the voltage reaches 570V, the brake resistance switch is switched off, and the feedback electric energy is independently absorbed by the lithium battery pack again; along with the reduction of the bus voltage, the charging multiplying power of the lithium battery pack is gradually reduced until the charging multiplying power reaches 550V, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is in standby state, the charging of the lithium battery pack is stopped, and the direct-current bus voltage is finally stabilized near the rated voltage.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. An energy storage system for an elevator, characterized in that,
the power distribution system comprises a bidirectional DC/DC converter (10), a lithium battery pack (20) and a power distribution controller (30), wherein the high-voltage side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter (10) is connected to two ends of a direct-current bus (400), and the low-voltage side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is connected with the lithium battery pack (20); the detection input end of the power distribution controller (30) is connected with a direct current bus (400), the control output end of the power distribution controller is connected with the bidirectional DC/DC converter (10) and a switch circuit (40) of a brake resistor (50), and the brake resistor (50) is connected with the switch circuit (40) in series and then connected to two ends of the direct current bus (400);
the power distribution controller (30) detects the voltage of a direct-current bus in real time, determines a driving instruction according to a control strategy, and controls the starting and stopping of the bidirectional DC/DC converter (10) and the opening and closing of the switch circuit (40);
the control strategy of the power distribution controller (30) is as follows: in the stage of feeding back electric energy by the elevator, the voltage of the direct current bus rises, the lithium battery pack (20) is adopted to discharge the electric energy, and if the voltage of the direct current bus continues to rise, the brake resistor (50) is added to consume the electric energy; when the elevator is in an electric traction stage, the voltage of a direct current bus is reduced, and the lithium battery pack (20) is adopted to compensate the electric energy;
the power distribution controller (30) sets the charge starting voltage of the lithium battery pack (20) to UbatSetting the starting voltage of the brake resistor (50) to UresAnd will UbatAnd UresAre set at [ U ] respectivelybat,min,Ubat,max]、[Ures,min,Ures,max]Within the interval, and Ubat,max<Ures,max，
The control process of the power distribution controller (30) is as follows:
when the voltage of the direct current bus is detected to be higher than U in the electric energy feedback stage of the elevatorbat,maxWhen the direct current bus voltage is lower than U, a command for starting the charging of the lithium battery pack is sent to the bidirectional DC/DC converter (10), and the direct current bus (400) charges the lithium battery pack (20) until the direct current bus voltage is detected to be lower than Ubat,minThen, an instruction for stopping charging the lithium battery pack is sent to the bidirectional DC/DC converter (10), and the direct current bus (400) stops charging the lithium battery pack (20); when detecting that the voltage of the direct current bus is higher than Ures,maxWhen the direct current bus voltage is lower than U, an opening command is sent to the switching circuit (40), the direct current bus (400) also charges the brake resistor (50) until the direct current bus voltage is detected to be lower than Ures,minThen sending a closing instruction to the switching circuit (40), and stopping charging the brake resistor (50) by the direct current bus (400);
the detection input end of the power distribution controller (30) is also connected with a three-phase power grid, three-phase voltage is detected in real time and converted into the true value of the direct-current bus voltage, and then the real value and the real value are compared with each otherRated value U of DC bus voltage0Comparing, recording the ratio as gamma, and charging the lithium battery pack (20) with the change of the gamma to start the voltage UbatDynamically increase or decrease the section to which the U belongsbatSatisfies the following formula:
2. the energy storage system for an elevator according to claim 1,
the power distribution controller (30) also sets a discharge start voltage U of the lithium battery pack (20)disAnd will UdisIs set at [ U ]dis,min,Udis,max]Within the interval, and Udis,maxLess than the rated voltage of the direct current bus, and the control process also comprises the following steps:
when the elevator is in an electric traction stage, the voltage of a direct current bus is detected to be lower than Udis,minWhen the direct current bus voltage is recovered to the U, an instruction for starting the discharge of the lithium battery pack and discharging according to the maximum discharge multiplying power is sent to the bidirectional DC/DC converter (10), and the lithium battery pack (20) releases energy according to the maximum discharge multiplying power until the direct current bus voltage is recovered to the Udis,max(ii) a When detecting that the voltage of the direct current bus is higher than Udis,maxAnd when the elevator stops dragging, an instruction for adjusting the discharge multiplying power to the rated discharge multiplying power is sent to the bidirectional DC/DC converter (10), and the lithium battery pack (20) releases energy at the rated discharge multiplying power until the elevator stops dragging.
3. The energy storage system for an elevator according to claim 2,
the number N of the single batteries of the lithium battery pack (20)sbAnd capacity Q satisfies the following relation:
in the formula, PmaxFeeding back the maximum power of electric energy, U, to the elevatorcell、CmaxThe rated voltage and the maximum allowable charging rate of the single battery are respectively, eta is the maximum conversion ratio of the bidirectional DC/DC converter (10), and floor (x) is an integer function.
4. The energy storage system for an elevator according to claim 1,
the maximum transformation ratio of the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter (10) is 5:1, and the lithium battery pack (20) adopts a lithium iron phosphate battery;
the detection input end of the power distribution controller (30) is also connected with the lithium battery pack (20), the SOC of the lithium battery pack is detected in real time, the SOC of the lithium battery pack is controlled to be maintained in a 20% -80% interval in the charging and discharging process, and the high-rate charging and discharging of the lithium battery pack (20) are avoided.
5. The energy storage system control strategy of claim 4, wherein:
the control process of the power distribution controller (30) includes:
when the voltage of the direct current bus is detected to be higher than U in the electric energy feedback stage of the elevatorbat,maxAnd when the SOC of the lithium battery pack is less than 80%, sending a command for starting the charging of the lithium battery pack to the bidirectional DC/DC converter (10);
when the elevator is in an electric traction stage, the voltage of a direct current bus is detected to be lower than UdisWhen the direct current bus voltage is lower than the U value, an instruction for starting the discharging of the lithium battery pack is sent to the bidirectional DC/DC converter (10), and if the SOC of the lithium battery pack is less than 50%, the lithium battery pack (20) is controlled to be only reduced to the U value under the direct current bus voltagedis,minDischarging at the maximum discharge rate, otherwise, discharging according to the rated discharge rate until the voltage of the direct current bus is recovered to the rated voltage, and controlling the lithium battery pack (20) to stop discharging if the SOC of the lithium battery pack is lower than 20% in the period; when detecting that the voltage of the direct current bus is higher than Udis,maxAnd when the SOC of the lithium battery pack is higher than 50%, controlling the lithium battery pack (20) to discharge at a rated discharge rate until the elevator stops dragging or the SOC of the lithium battery pack is reduced to below 50%.
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| CN108382221A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-08-10 | 深圳新恒业电气有限公司 | The charging station energy efficiency managing method of intelligence |
| CN108448700B (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2023-06-02 | 深圳市安顺节能科技发展有限公司 | Hybrid energy storage device, system and control method of hoisting system |
| CN109038680A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2018-12-18 | 深圳古瑞瓦特新能源股份有限公司 | A kind of light storage integrative machine and its grid-connected Poewr control method |
| CN110436283A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-12 | 日立电梯(上海)有限公司 | A kind of elevator energy storage control device and its control method |
| CN112202160B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-06-03 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Direct-hanging bus type energy storage control system and control method |
| CN115108420B (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-06-09 | 中国天楹股份有限公司 | Motion control method for dynamic mechanism of gravity energy storage system |
| CN117713322A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-03-15 | 杭州飞仕得科技股份有限公司 | Energy-recoverable charging and discharging device and method for double-pulse test system |
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