CN107590833B - Contour line-based human ear contour feature enhancement and physiological parameter extraction method - Google Patents
Contour line-based human ear contour feature enhancement and physiological parameter extraction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a contour line-based human ear contour feature enhancement and physiological parameter extraction method, which comprises the following steps: 1) generating an auricle contour line on a three-dimensional human ear scanning model with unified coordinates along the normal direction of the front surface of the auricle; 2) sequentially fitting an auricle characteristic line and an auricle characteristic point on the human ear three-dimensional model with the aid of the auricle contour line; 3) forming auricle physiological parameter measuring lines and physiological parameter measuring points on the basis of the auricle characteristic lines and the auricle characteristic points; 4) and sequentially measuring and storing corresponding human ear physiological parameters by adopting the auricle physiological parameter measuring line and the physiological parameter measuring point. Compared with the method for directly measuring physiological parameters on a live real person or directly measuring on a three-dimensional model established through optical scanning, the method has the advantages that the selected characteristic points and contour lines have more standard definitions and more obvious characteristics, so that the measuring results have better repeatability, and the measuring results of different subjects are more consistent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of human body measurement, in particular to a contour line-based human ear contour feature enhancement and physiological parameter extraction method, and particularly relates to a human ear contour physiological parameter measurement method for personalized customization of head-related transfer functions.
Background
The main task of the anthropometric technique is to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of the human body by using statistical methods through the measured data, and the statistical analysis results can give the standard (average) size and the correlation (Algazi V R et al, IEEE works hop of ASPAA, 2001) of each part of the human body or the physiological size classification (So R et al, Ergonomics,2010) of different groups. The physiological parameters of the overall appearance of the auricle have important significance for the design of ear-related products such as earphones and the like. Finer pinna structure and size parameters can be used as basic data for parameter customization of individual head-related transfer functions (the head-related transfer function is defined as the sound transfer function from a free-field space point sound source to the ears of a subject and is related to individual physical size parameters of the subject). (Xie spinach fungus, etc., China science, 2005)
The head-related transfer function is an important data basis for virtual auditory playback. In a virtual auditory reproduction system, a virtual sound image in a specific direction and distance in space can be reproduced in the virtual auditory system by binaural signal processing based on a head-related transfer function and then reproduction through headphones, and the virtual auditory reproduction system has important applications in the fields of novel headphone design, multimedia programs, network games and the like, and is receiving increasing attention. In particular, in virtual reality technology and augmented reality technology which have been developed in recent years, there is a very high demand for immersion in sound, and if a personalized virtual auditory system is used, the sense of realism and the sense of immersion in virtual auditory sense can be greatly improved. (Xie B et al, Head-related transfer function and visual audio display, 2013) in practical applications, it is not realistic to measure or calculate a personalized Head-related transfer function for each subject, and it is relatively easy to customize the personalized Head-related transfer function by physiological parameters. However, the customization based on physiological parameters requires a large number of subjects' physiological parameters as a data base.
There are many physiological parameters that affect the head-related transfer function, including the physical dimensions of the head and torso, the neck dimensions that affect the head-shoulder distance, the superior-inferior and anterior-posterior placement of the pinna on the head, and the fine physiological structural parameters of the local part of the pinna. In comparison, auricle fine physiology is the most complex, and its effect on high frequencies of the head-related transfer function is most significant.
The traditional measuring method is mostly used for domestic and foreign research. Earlier measurement methods used direct measurements on live human subjects using vernier calipers, tape gauges, etc. (Algazi V R et al, Cheng spinach, etc.). However, this measurement method is limited by the measurement tool, the accuracy is not high, and the measurement method is easily affected by the measurement environment, the measured object, the measurement personnel and other factors during actual measurement, and has poor measurement repeatability and large error. Recently, researchers have measured physiological parameters on three-dimensional models of the head and auricle of a real person obtained by optical scanning or the like. (Wu Shaoxing et al, national acoustics conference, 2016) but there are still two problems at present, one is that the three-dimensional model is the same as the measurement on a real human living body, and when a measurement point and an auxiliary line referred to in parameter definition are selected, the three-dimensional model mainly depends on experience, and no researcher provides an accurate and efficient selection method, so that the measurement accuracy is influenced; secondly, the initial positions of the heads of different subjects are different in the scanning modeling and measuring process, which may result in poor consistency of the measuring results among different subjects.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a faster and more accurate parameter measurement method for auricle physiological structure, which provides a reliable physiological parameter data base for personalized customization of head-related transfer function.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a contour line-based human ear contour feature enhancement and physiological parameter extraction method, which is used for acquiring the physiological parameters of the auricle required by the personalized customization of a head-related transfer function. Compared with the traditional measuring method, the selected human ear feature points and contour lines have more standard definitions and more obvious features, so that the measuring results have better repeatability and are more consistent to the measuring results of different subjects.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a contour line-based human ear contour feature enhancement and physiological parameter extraction method comprises the following steps:
1) generating an auricle contour line on a three-dimensional human ear scanning model with unified coordinates along the normal direction of the front surface of the auricle;
2) sequentially fitting an auricle characteristic line and an auricle characteristic point on the human ear three-dimensional model with the aid of the auricle contour line;
3) forming auricle physiological parameter measuring lines and physiological parameter measuring points according to the definition of human ear physiological parameters on the basis of the auricle characteristic lines and the auricle characteristic points;
4) and sequentially measuring and storing corresponding human ear physiological parameters by adopting the auricle physiological parameter measuring line and the physiological parameter measuring point.
Further, the step 1) specifically comprises the steps of:
11) obtaining three-dimensional models of the head and the auricle through laser scanning;
12) constructing a Frankfurt surface for the three-dimensional model, and establishing a coordinate system;
13) separating out a three-dimensional model of the auricle;
14) and determining the normal direction of the front surface of the auricle, and generating contour lines of the three-dimensional model of the auricle along the normal direction of the front surface of the auricle.
Further, the step 12) specifically includes the steps of:
121) firstly, determining the Frankfurt surfaces of different subjects through upper points of a left ear screen, a right ear screen and a right infraorbital edge point;
122) and then defining a plane which is parallel to the Frankfurt plane and passes through the left ear canal opening and the right ear canal opening as an xoy plane of a coordinate system, wherein the midpoint of a connecting line of the two ear canal openings is used as an origin O, the x axis passes through the two ear canal openings and points to the right, the y axis points to the right front, and the z axis points to the right upper.
Further, the step 14) specifically includes the steps of:
141) determining a vertex T of an ear wing and a tip point T 'of an tragus on the section of the xOy plane and the head, wherein the direction perpendicular to the line of TT' is the normal direction of the front face of the auricle;
142) and taking the normal direction of the front surface of the auricle as a normal, generating a series of equidistant planes, and intersecting the equidistant planes with the human ear to obtain equidistant section lines, thus obtaining the contour line of the auricle.
Further, in step 2), the auricle feature line includes an intertragic notch edge line l1The helix pedal ridge line l2Lower edge line l of the anti-helix3Inner edge line of helix4External edge line of helix4'; the auricle characteristic points comprise an intertragic notch vertex A, an auricle or earlobe lowest point B, an auricle cavity vertex C and an auricle cavity lowest point D.
Further, in step 3), the auricle physiological parameter measurement line includes l5、l6、l7、l8、l9And l10The physiological parameter measuring points comprise E, F, G, H, I and J, wherein E is l4' furthest point from B, F is parallel to l6And with l4The point of tangency of the inner side, G, being parallel to l6And with l4' Point of tangency on the outside, H is l5And l2Point of intersection, point I is5And l3At a point of intersection, J is l5And l4The intersection point of (a); l5Is 11Is flat at the cornerSplitting line, l6Is a connection line passing through BE two points7Is a tangent line passing through point F,/8Is a tangent line passing through G, /)9Is a tangent line passing through E, l10Is a tangent line passing through B.
Further, in the step 4), the human ear physiological parameters sequentially measured and stored comprise the height d of the cavum concha1Height d of cymba concha2Width d of concha cavity3Height of the triangular fossa d4Maximum auricle length d5Maximum width d of auricle6And width of intertragic notch d7And auricle rotation angle θ1And rotation angle theta of concha cavity2Said d is1Is the distance between A and H; d is2Is the distance between H and I; d is3Is the distance between C and C'; d4Is the distance between I and J; d is5Is the distance between B and E; d is6Is 17And l8The distance between them; d is7For tracing the intertragic notch l1The width of (d); theta is described1Is 16Angle to the vertical, theta2Is 15The angle to the vertical.
Further, still include: and step 5) directly and additionally measuring other human ear physiological parameters including the height of ear wing points, the distance from the back of the ear to the tragus, the horizontal distance from the tragus to the tragus, the depth of the cavum concha, the appearance ear length and the auricle opening angle on the human ear three-dimensional model. Other auricle physiological parameters which are easy to measure can be directly supplemented and measured on the human ear three-dimensional model without depending on contour line enhanced contour characteristics, and specific technical details are not repeated.
Compared with the existing auricle measuring method and technology, the method has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
according to the contour line-based human ear contour characteristic enhancement and physiological parameter extraction method, the measurement contour lines and the reference points have obvious characteristics, the limitations of difficult operation and the like when the physiological parameters of the ear contour are directly measured on a real human living body do not exist, the problem that the characteristics are difficult to accurately extract when the characteristics are directly measured on a three-dimensional model is also solved, and therefore the accuracy and the consistency of the measurement results are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of feature point and feature line extraction under contour-based human ear contour enhancement features.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of human ear physiological parameters measured by definition under the condition of human ear contour enhancement characteristic lines and characteristic points.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of human ear physiological parameter measurement.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the Frankfurt face and head model coordinate system.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the normal direction of the front face of the auricle.
Detailed Description
The following describes the object of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not repeated herein, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following examples.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a contour line-based human ear contour feature enhancement and physiological parameter extraction method, comprising the steps of:
and S1, obtaining a three-dimensional model of the head and the auricle, wherein in practical operation, the three-dimensional scanning model of the head is usually acquired by using laser scanning. Human body three-dimensional scanning has related standards in China, such as GB/T23698-2009 general requirements for three-dimensional scanning human body measurement methods, and complete head and auricle models which meet the related standards can all use the method to measure physiological parameters of auricles.
And S2, constructing a Frankfurt surface for the three-dimensional model, and establishing a coordinate system. In the process of head model acquisition, the postures of the subjects are not uniform, the subsequent parameter measurement is influenced, and in the model processing, a coordinate system of a three-dimensional model needs to be constructed and unified. The invention unifies the coordinate systems of different subjects by means of the Frankfurt surface. The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: the frankfurt planes of the different subjects were first determined by the left and right supratragus points and the right infraorbital point 3, as shown in fig. 4, and then the plane parallel to the frankfurt planes and passing through the left and right meatus was defined as the xoy plane of the coordinate system. The middle point of the connecting line of the two ear canal openings is used as an original point O, the x axis passes through the two ear canal openings and points to the right, the y axis points to the right front, and the z axis points to the right upper.
And S3, separating the three-dimensional model of the auricle.
And S4, determining the normal direction of the front face of the auricle, and generating the contour line of the three-dimensional model of the auricle along the normal direction of the front face of the auricle. The contour lines of the auricle are cross lines obtained by intersecting a series of equidistant planes with the three-dimensional scanning model of the auricle by taking the normal direction of the front surface of the auricle as a normal, and are similar to the contour lines of the terrain on a map. The reference points and reference lines required for defining the physiological parameters of the auricle depend on the characteristics of the auricle, and the characteristics are areas with large gradient change when viewed from the front of the auricle, and appear as areas with concentrated contour lines on the contour lines of the auricle, so that the contour lines of the auricle can enhance the characteristics of the auricle. The normal direction of the front face of the auricle is determined as shown in fig. 5, on the section of the head and the xOy, the vertex T of the auricle and the tip T 'of the tragus are determined, the direction perpendicular to the connecting line of TT' is the normal direction of the front face of the auricle, then a series of equidistant planes are generated by taking the normal direction of the front face of the auricle as the normal line, and equidistant section lines are obtained by intersecting the normal direction of the front face of the auricle, namely the contour lines of the human ear.
S5, sequentially fitting an auricle feature line and an auricle feature point on the human ear three-dimensional model with the aid of the auricle contour line, wherein the auricle feature line comprises an intertragic notch edge line l1The helix pedal ridge line l2Lower edge line l of the anti-helix3Inner edge line of helix4External edge line of helix4'; the auricle feature points include the intertragic notch apex a, the lowest point B of the auricle or earlobe, the cavum concha apex C, and the lowest point D of the cavum concha, as shown in fig. 1.
S6, forming a auricle physiological parameter measuring line and a physiological parameter measuring point according to the definition of human ear physiological parameters based on the auricle characteristic line and the auricle characteristic point, wherein the auricle physiological parameter measuring line comprises l5、l6、l7、l8、l9And l10The physiological parameter measuring points comprise E, F, G, H, I and J, and are further perfected to form measurement according to the definition of human ear physiological parameters on the basis of the extracted auricle characteristic lines and auricle characteristic pointsMeasuring the used physiological parameter measuring line and physiological parameter measuring point of auricle. This example mainly solves the problem of the measurement method, and the detailed definition can be referred to the relevant literature (Algazi v.r.et al, chenopodium rubrum, wu ruixing, etc.), which will not be described in detail herein. The steps of obtaining the auricle physiological parameter measuring line and the physiological parameter measuring point are as follows: (a) taking the passing point A as a characteristic line l1Bisector l of5，l1And l2The intersection point is H point, l1And l3The intersection point of (A) is point I, < l >1And l4The intersection point is a J point; (b) in l4' finding the point farthest from B as point E and BE connecting line as l6Passing through E point as l4The tangent of9(ii) a Passing through point B as point l4The tangent of10(ii) a (c) Make a straight line l7Parallel to l6And l is4' inner side tangent to point F, as a straight line l8Parallel to l6And l is4' outboard is tangent to G. Finally, a measurement schematic diagram as shown in fig. 2 is generated.
S7, sequentially measuring and storing corresponding human ear physiological parameters including the height d of the concha cavity by adopting the auricle physiological parameter measuring line and the physiological parameter measuring point1Height d of cymba concha2Width d of concha cavity3Height of the triangular fossa d4Maximum auricle length d5Maximum width d of auricle6And width of intertragic notch d7And auricle rotation angle θ1And rotation angle theta of concha cavity2The auricle physiological parameters that can be accurately measured by using the method of the present invention are shown in table 1, and 9 individual physiological parameters are calculated.
TABLE 1 auricle physiological parameter measurement
| Symbol | Parameter name | Description of the measurements |
| d1 | Height of concha cavity | Distance between A and H |
| d2 | Height of cymba | Distance between H and I |
| d3 | Width of concha cavity | Distance between C and C |
| d4 | Height of triangular fossa | Distance between I and J |
| d5 | Maximum length of auricle | Distance between B and E |
| d6 | Maximum width of auricle | l7And l8The distance between |
| d7 | Width of intertragic notch | Intertragic notch l1Width of (2) |
| θ1 | Rotation angle of auricle | Characteristic line l6Angle to the vertical |
| θ2 | Rotation angle of concha cavity | Characteristic line l5Angle to the vertical |
In order to improve the comprehensiveness, precision and accuracy of data, the above method processes of human ear contour feature enhancement and physiological parameter extraction when measuring 1 subject can further adopt the following steps to extract corresponding parameters:
s8, a total of 9 physiological parameters of auricle were measured using the present invention for 60 subjects, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 measurement results of physiological parameters of human ears
S9, other human ear physiological parameters, such as ear wing height, ear back to ear screen distance, ear screen to ear wing horizontal distance, concha cavity depth, appearance ear length, auricle flare angle and the like, and the steps S1-S8 are mainly used for human ear physiological parameters which are difficult to accurately measure, and other human ear physiological parameters can be directly supplemented and measured on a human ear three-dimensional model without depending on contour characteristics enhanced by contour lines, are specifically the same as the prior measuring technology and are not repeated herein.
The above examples of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A contour line-based human ear contour feature enhancement and physiological parameter extraction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) generating an auricle contour line on a three-dimensional human ear scanning model with unified coordinates along the normal direction of the front surface of the auricle; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
11) obtaining three-dimensional models of the head and the auricle through laser scanning;
12) constructing a Frankfurt surface for the three-dimensional model, and establishing a coordinate system; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
121) firstly, determining the Frankfurt surfaces of different subjects through upper points of a left ear screen, a right ear screen and a right infraorbital edge point;
122) then defining a plane parallel to the Frankfurt plane and passing through the left and right ear openings as a coordinate systemxoyPlane with midpoint of the line connecting the two ear canals as originO，xThe shaft passes through the openings of the two auditory canals and points to the right,ythe shaft is directed to the right front,zthe axis points right above;
13) separating out a three-dimensional model of the auricle;
14) determining the normal direction of the front side of the auricle, and then generating a contour line of the three-dimensional model of the auricle along the normal direction of the front side of the auricle; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
141) in the above-mentionedxOyDetermining the vertex T of the ear wing and the tip point T 'of the tragus on the section of the plane and the head, wherein the direction vertical to the connecting line of TT' is the normal direction of the front face of the auricle;
142) generating a series of equidistant planes by taking the normal direction of the front side of the auricle as a normal line, and intersecting the equidistant planes with the human ear to obtain equidistant section lines, namely obtaining the contour line of the auricle;
2) sequentially fitting an auricle characteristic line and an auricle characteristic point on the human ear three-dimensional model with the aid of the auricle contour line; the auricle characteristic line comprises intertragic notch edge linel 1Ridge line of helixl 2Lower edge line of the anti-helixl 3Inner edge line of helixl 4Outer edge line of helixl 4'; the characteristic points of the auricle comprise an intertragic notch vertex A, a lowest point B of the auricle or the earlobe, and a conchaA cavity apex C, and a concha cavity lowest point D;
3) forming auricle physiological parameter measuring lines and physiological parameter measuring points according to the definition of human ear physiological parameters on the basis of the auricle characteristic lines and the auricle characteristic points; the auricle physiological parameter measuring line comprisesl 5、l 6、l 7、l 8、l 9Andl 10the physiological parameter measuring points comprise E, F, G, H, I and J, wherein E isl 4' the point farthest from B, F is parallel tol 6And are connected withl 4The point of tangency of the inner side, G, being parallel tol 6And are connected withl 4' outer tangent point, H isl 5Andl 2has a point of intersection, point Il 5Andl 3at a point of intersection, J isl 5Andl 4the intersection point of (a); l 5is composed ofl 1The angular bisector of,l 6Is a connecting line passing through two points of BE,l 7Is a tangent line passing through the point F,l 8Is a tangent line passing through G,l 9Is a tangent line passing through E,l 10Is a tangent line passing through B;
4) sequentially measuring and storing corresponding human ear physiological parameters by adopting the auricle physiological parameter measuring line and the physiological parameter measuring point; the human ear physiological parameters which are measured and stored in sequence comprise the height of the concha cavityd 1Height of cymba conchad 2Width of the concha cavityd 3Height of the triangular fossad 4Maximum length of auricled 5Maximum width of auricled 6And width of intertragic notchd 7And rotation of auricleθ 1Angle of rotation of concha cavityθ 2The above-mentionedd 1Is the distance between A and H; saidd 2Is the distance between H and I; saidd 3Is the distance between C and C';d 4is the distance between I and J; saidd 5Is the distance between B and E; saidd 6Is composed ofl 7And l 8betweenThe distance of (d); saidd 7For tracing between screensl 1 The width of (d); the above-mentionedθ 1 Is 1 6 Angle to the vertical direction, saidθ 2Is composed ofl 5The angle to the vertical.
2. The contour-based human ear contour feature enhancement and physiological parameter extraction method according to claim 1, further comprising:
and step 5) directly and additionally measuring other human ear physiological parameters including the height of ear wing points, the distance from the back of the ear to the tragus, the horizontal distance from the tragus to the tragus, the depth of the cavum concha, the appearance ear length and the auricle opening angle on the human ear three-dimensional model.
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