CN114451887A - Contact type head top size measuring method and measuring device - Google Patents
Contact type head top size measuring method and measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114451887A CN114451887A CN202210066611.0A CN202210066611A CN114451887A CN 114451887 A CN114451887 A CN 114451887A CN 202210066611 A CN202210066611 A CN 202210066611A CN 114451887 A CN114451887 A CN 114451887A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 210000004709 eyebrow Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000254032 Acrididae Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004761 scalp Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
- A61B5/1072—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof measuring distances on the body, e.g. measuring length, height or thickness
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
- A61B5/1075—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof for measuring dimensions by non-invasive methods, e.g. for determining thickness of tissue layer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
- A61B5/1077—Measuring of profiles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
- A61B5/6803—Head-worn items, e.g. helmets, masks, headphones or goggles
Abstract
The head top size measuring device mainly comprises an inner shell, an outer shell fixing shell, a displacement sensor clamping groove, a displacement sensor digital display and a helmet wearing regulator. When the measuring device is used, the measuring device is worn on the head of a measured person, the left and right sensors of the measuring device are positioned at the upper base points of the left and right ears of the measured person by adjusting the position of the displacement sensor, the middle sensor is positioned at the eyebrow center of the measured person, the data on the digital display of the displacement sensor is read after the measuring device is stood on the head of the measured person for 5 seconds, and the read data is input into a Grasshopper data acquisition program, so that the three-dimensional curved surface of the top of the head of the user can be established. The invention selects the measuring point by a scientific method, considers all areas of the vertex and can accurately and quickly acquire the vertex data of the testee.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of anthropometry, and particularly relates to a measuring device for measuring the size of the top of a human head by using a contact method.
Background
Currently, with the rapid development of social economy and the remarkable improvement of living standard and health consciousness of people, a great number of wearable products for medical treatment, health equipment, decoration and rehabilitation come up, customers of the products have complete uniqueness, the requirements on the manufacturing precision of the products or the fitting degree of the products with human bodies are extremely high, and the personalized characteristics of the design and the manufacture of the products are increasingly prominent and more obvious. However, since the head sizes of people of different races, ages and heights vary greatly, accurate three-dimensional measurement of the head is required. The three-dimensional data of other parts of the human head can be obtained by using a laser three-dimensional scanner, but for the top area of the human head, due to the existence of hairs, the existing three-dimensional scanner cannot meet the requirement of people for high-precision measurement of a head model at present. Although the special headgear can reduce errors caused when the head of a human body is scanned by the non-contact three-dimensional scanner through hair of the human body, when the hair of a user is long, the thickness of the hair has a great influence on measurement data, and the crease at the seam of the special headgear makes post-processing of a model very difficult. At present, the general method is that a person to be tested wears a swimming cap or a special string bag cap, after three-dimensional scanning is finished, the distance between the outer surface of the swimming cap and the scalp is estimated, and similar three-dimensional data of the top of the head is obtained. However, the vertex three-dimensional data measured by the method is inaccurate, and the estimated data cannot accurately describe the vertex three-dimensional curved surface, so that a measurer cannot obtain accurate human vertex three-dimensional data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a contact type overhead dimension measuring device and a method for measuring overhead dimension by using the same, which solve the problem that the existing measuring method is influenced by hair thickness and the overhead data is not accurately measured.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the invention discloses a contact type overhead dimension measuring device, which comprises an inner shell, wherein the inner shell is a hemispherical shell, the outer surface of the inner shell is provided with a plurality of displacement sensor clamping grooves penetrating through the shell of the inner shell, each displacement sensor clamping groove is internally provided with a displacement sensor, and each displacement sensor is connected to a sensor data display.
The invention is also characterized in that: the contact type head top size measuring device further comprises an outer casing, the outer casing is sleeved outside the inner casing and the displacement sensor, the outer casing is fixed outside the inner casing through an outer casing fixing casing, and the outer casing fixing casing is clamped with the edge of the inner casing.
The displacement sensor can move and be fixed in the displacement sensor clamping groove.
The inner shell is also provided with a helmet wearing regulator, and two ends of the helmet wearing regulator are respectively connected to the left side and the right side of the inner shell.
The invention adopts another technical scheme that a contact type overhead dimension measuring method uses the measuring device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
Selecting five maximum points which are respectively a head vertex 101, an eyebrow point 102, a occipital point 103, a left ear upper base point 104 and a right ear upper base point 105;
Forming a horizontal plane by the left ear upper base point 104, the right ear upper base point 105 and the eyebrow point 102 of the human body selected in the step 1, taking a plane which passes through the middle point of the left ear upper base point 104 and the right ear upper base point 105 and the eyebrow point 102 and is vertical to the horizontal plane as a vertical plane, taking a plane which passes through the connecting line of the left ear upper base point 104 and the right ear upper base point 105 and is vertical to the horizontal plane as another vertical plane, and forming a three-dimensional coordinate system of the head top by the three planes;
Placing an inner shell of the overhead dimension measuring device on the top of the head of a measured person, adjusting contact heads of displacement sensors on the left side and the right side to a base point 104 on the left ear and a base point 105 on the right ear of the measured person, fixing the positions, adjusting a contact head of a middle displacement sensor to a eyebrow center point 102 of the measured person, fixing the positions to complete the positioning of the measuring device, sleeving an outer casing of the overhead dimension measuring device, and fixing the inner shell and the outer casing by using the outer casing fixing casing;
step 4, obtaining the curved surface of the top of the head
After the head measuring device is worn by a measured person, standing is carried out for five seconds, displacement data of the measured point can be displayed on the sensor data display, three-dimensional coordinate values of the measured points are obtained through coordinate conversion calculation, then an interpolation curve is generated by using a parameterized interpolation curve battery pack in Grasshopper software, and a head top curved surface of the measured person is generated by using a parameterized interpolation curve battery pack in the Grasshopper software.
The other technical scheme of the invention is also characterized in that:
the measurement points in step 1 may also include the following two types of points:
the constraint measuring points comprise eight constraint measuring points, namely a head vertex and eyebrow center point middle point 106, a head vertex and occipital rear point middle point 107, a head vertex and left ear upper base point middle point 108, a left ear upper base point and eyebrow center point middle point 109, a left ear upper base point and occipital rear point middle point 110, a head vertex and right ear upper base point middle point 111, a right ear upper base point and eyebrow center point middle point 112 and a right ear upper base point and occipital rear point middle point 113;
the general measurement points include four general measurement points, point 114 between point 108 and point 109, point 115 between point 108 and point 110, point 117 between point 111 and point 112, and point 117 between point 111 and point 113.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the contact type head top size measuring device adopts the displacement sensor to automatically measure the head sampling point, a measured user only needs to wear the head measuring device, the displacement sensor in the measuring device can be directly contacted with the head of the measured user through the telescopic rod with the built-in spring, the displacement difference between the measuring point with the uniform distribution of the head and the standard head outline is measured and displayed on a digital display screen, and then the data is input into a Grasshooter curve parameterization program for calculation and conversion, so that the three-dimensional coordinates of each measuring point on the head top of the measured user and the model of the head outline can be displayed. Because the local coordinate system of the curved surface established by the measuring device is established according to the vertex characteristic points, the measuring device is very convenient to splice with the curved surfaces of other measuring systems and realize the normalization of the coordinate system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the positions of 17 measurement points of the top of the human head determined by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a local three-dimensional coordinate system established according to the human vertex feature points of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a contact overhead dimension measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an outer can and an inner can in the contact overhead dimension measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an outer enclosure in the contact overhead dimension measurement apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an inner housing of the contact overhead dimension measurement device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the engagement between the inner housing and the displacement sensor of the contact-type overhead dimension measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an L-shaped displacement sensor in the contact overhead dimension measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the left and right side and front sensor mounting of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the cell wiring for the Grasshooper procedure of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a diagram of the user's head effect finally obtained by the grasshopper program in the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is an inner shell, 2 is an outer shell, 3 is a displacement sensor, 4 is a sensor data display, 5 is a helmet wearing regulator, 6 is an outer shell fixing shell, and 7 is a displacement sensor clamping groove.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a contact type head size measuring device which is structurally shown in figure 3 and comprises an inner shell (1), wherein the inner shell (1) is a hemispherical shell, a plurality of displacement sensor clamping grooves (7) penetrating through the shell of the inner shell (1) are formed in the outer surface of the inner shell (1), the positions of the displacement sensor clamping grooves (7) correspond to the positions of measuring points on the top of a human head, as shown in figure 7, a displacement sensor (3) is arranged in each displacement sensor clamping groove (7), the displacement sensor (3) is fixed in the displacement sensor clamping grooves (7), a contact head of the displacement sensor is in contact with the skin on the top of the human head, and each displacement sensor (3) is connected to a sensor data display (4) to display displacement readings transmitted by each displacement sensor (3). The displacement sensor clamping grooves (7) of the embodiment are provided with 17 corresponding to 17 measuring points at the top of the head of a human body.
As shown in figure 4, the measuring device further comprises an outer casing (2), the outer casing (2) is sleeved outside the inner casing (1) and the displacement sensor (3), the edge of the outer casing (2) is in contact with the inner casing (1) but is not restricted, the outer casing (2) is fixed on the outer surface of the inner casing (1) through an outer casing fixing casing (6), and the outer casing fixing casing (6) is clamped with the edge of the inner casing (1). In this embodiment, the outer envelope fixed shell (6) includes two strip-shaped middle outer envelope fixed shells and two side semi-circular outer envelope fixed shells, as shown in fig. 5, 6 buckles are provided on the two strip-shaped middle outer envelope fixed shells, 4 buckles are provided on the two side semi-circular outer envelope fixed shells, the outer envelope fixed shell (6) is fixed with the inner envelope (1) by the buckles, and the outer envelope (2) is further fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the inner envelope (1).
The inner shell (1) is further provided with a helmet wearing regulator (5), and the two ends of the helmet wearing regulator (5) are connected with the left side and the right side of the inner shell (1).
The method for measuring the size of the head top by using the contact type head top size measuring device specifically comprises the following steps:
The method adopts a recognition method of head contour characteristic analysis, and combines the proportional relation among all parts of the head and the constraint relation among measuring points to finally determine 17 measuring points, wherein the positions of the 17 measuring points on the top of the head of a human body are shown in figure 1 and are divided into three categories:
a. the first type is the most significant point, which is indicated by a box in fig. 1.
The maximum point is the point with the maximum value or the minimum value on a certain coordinate axis direction axis. The invention defines five most value points of a head vertex (101), an eyebrow point (102), a occipital point (103), a left ear upper base point (104) and a right ear upper base point (105) for the measurement of the instrument;
b. the second category is the constraint measurement points, which are marked with solid circles in FIG. 1.
The constraint measuring points are points which have significance for constraint structure lines. Such as a point intermediate the head apex (101) and the base point on the ear, a point intermediate the occipital point (103) and the base point on the ear, and the like. The invention defines eight constraint measuring points of a head vertex and a eyebrow center point middle point (106), a head vertex and a occipital rear point middle point (107), a head vertex and a left ear upper base point middle point (108), a left ear upper base point and a eyebrow center point middle point (109), a left ear upper base point and an occipital rear point middle point (110), a head vertex and a right ear upper base point middle point (111), a right ear upper base point and a eyebrow center point middle point (112), and a right ear upper base point and an occipital rear point middle point (113) for the measurement of the instrument;
c. the third category is the general measurement point, which is marked by a hollow circle in fig. 1.
Generally, the measuring points have no obvious geometric characteristics in the vicinity of the area, but the measuring points have important significance for thinning the structural lines. The invention defines four general measuring points of a point (114) between the points 108 and 109, a point (115) between the points 108 and 110, a point (117) between the points 111 and 112, and a point (117) between the points 111 and 113 for measurement of the instrument.
At least five maximum points among the 17 measurement points are selected for measurement, the constraint measurement points and the general measurement points can also be selected, and the more points are selected, the more accurate the measurement result is. In the embodiment, 17 measurement points are selected, and the displacement sensors (3) corresponding to the eyebrow center point (102), the left ear upper base point (104) and the right ear upper base point (105) in the 17 points can move and be fixed in the displacement sensor clamping groove (7) in a small range. In this embodiment, the bottom of the displacement sensor slot (7) corresponding to the three points is configured as a linear seam, the structure of the displacement sensor (3) corresponding to the three points is illustrated in fig. 8, which is an L-shaped structure, and a linear fixing piece is disposed at one end of the contact of the displacement sensor (3), so that the contact can move and be fixed in the displacement sensor slot (7), which is convenient for adjusting the position of the measurement point, thereby accurately positioning the measurement device on the head of the testee.
Since the distance and angle between the out-of-ear point and the occipital point, and the distance and angle between the base point and the vertex point of the left and right ears are different and have large difference, all data files are recalibrated to be in the same space coordinate system, and then the head contour is calculated and extracted. Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, a left ear upper base point (104), a right ear upper base point (105), and an eyebrow center point (102) which are most easily positioned in the region of the top of the head are formed into one horizontal plane, a plane which passes through the midpoint between the left ear upper base point (104) and the right ear upper base point (105) and the eyebrow center point (102) and is perpendicular to the horizontal plane is formed into one vertical plane, and a plane which passes through the line connecting the left ear upper base point (104) and the right ear upper base point (105) and is perpendicular to the horizontal plane is formed into another vertical plane, and these three planes form a three-dimensional coordinate system of the top of the head;
Placing an inner shell (1) of the overhead dimension measuring device on the top of the head of a measured person, adjusting contact heads of displacement sensors (3) on the left side and the right side to an upper base point (104) and an upper base point (105) of the left ear and a right ear of the measured person, fixing the positions, adjusting a contact head of a middle displacement sensor (3) to a brow center point (102) of the measured person, fixing the positions, completing the positioning of the measuring device in a fixed state as shown in figure 9, sleeving an outer casing (2) of the overhead dimension measuring device, and fixing the inner shell (1) and the outer casing (2) by using an outer casing fixing shell (6);
step 4, obtaining the curved surface of the top of the head
After the head measuring device is worn by the measured person, the measured person stands still for five seconds, the displacement data of 17 measured points are displayed on the sensor data display (4), then the data slider is dragged to a corresponding position in Grasshopper software, the specific dragging mode is shown in fig. 10, the curved surface of the top of the head of the measured person can be directly displayed, and fig. 11 is a curve obtained in the embodiment.
The Grasshopper parameterization program is a visual curved surface parameterization program specially programmed for the instrument, and comprises the following points: the eyebrow point (102), the occipital point (103), the left ear upper base point (104) and the right ear upper base point (105) are basic points, and according to the head length (173-197 mm) and the head width (135-170 mm) in (GB/T2428-. Inputting measured points into a program through a data slider, obtaining three-dimensional coordinate values of the measured points through coordinate conversion calculation, generating an interpolation curve by using a parameterized interpolation curve battery pack in Grasshopper software, and generating a head top curved surface of the measured person by using a parameterized interpolation curved surface battery pack in the Grasshopper software.
The invention relates to a contact type overhead dimension measuring device, which takes a large head model as a basic model and calculates the head outline data of a measurer by measuring the distance between the head basic model and a measured head. This requires a larger size of the inner shell to meet the requirements of most people. The distribution of the sensors on the head is symmetrical, i.e., a margin of 2 times the sensor range is left for the basic model of the head, depending on the range of the selected contact displacement sensor. The basic dimensions of the inner shell are therefore selected according to the maximum of the data in the national standard (GB/T2428-1998 adult head-face size) to have a head length of 197mm and a head width of 170 mm. The coordinates of the first type of measuring points are determined according to the data in the national standard (GB/T2428-1998 adult head and face size), the basic coordinates of the second type of points and the third type of points are determined according to the coordinates of the first type of measuring points, so that a parameterized interpolation curve is established, a parameterized surface is further established, a Grasshopper parameterized program capable of adjusting data is further established, and the design and the processing of the inner shell are completed by taking the initial parameterized surface as the reference.
Claims (6)
1. Contact overhead size measurement device, its characterized in that includes inner shell (1), inner shell (1) is the hemisphere casing, the surface of inner shell (1) is provided with a plurality of and runs through displacement sensor draw-in groove (7) of inner shell (1) casing, every be provided with displacement sensor (3) in displacement sensor draw-in groove (7), every displacement sensor (3) all are connected to sensor data display (4).
2. The contact overhead dimension measurement device of claim 1, further comprising an outer casing (2), wherein the outer casing (2) is sleeved outside the inner casing (1) and the displacement sensor (3), the outer casing (2) is fixed outside the inner casing (1) through an outer casing fixing casing (6), and the outer casing fixing casing (6) is clamped with the edge of the inner casing (1).
3. Contact overhead dimension measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that the displacement sensor (3) is movable and fixed within the displacement sensor slot (7).
4. Contact overhead dimension measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner shell (1) is further provided with a headgear adjuster (5), both ends of the headgear adjuster (5) being connected to the left and right sides of the inner shell (1), respectively.
5. A contact overhead dimension measuring method, using the measuring device of claim 4, comprising in particular the steps of:
step 1, selecting a human body vertex measuring point
Selecting five maximum points which are respectively a head vertex point (101), an eyebrow point (102), a occipital point (103), a left ear upper base point (104) and a right ear upper base point (105);
step 2, establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system
Forming a horizontal plane by using the human body left ear upper base point (104), the right ear upper base point (105) and the eyebrow point (102) selected in the step 1, taking a plane which passes through the middle point of the left ear upper base point (104) and the right ear upper base point (105) and the eyebrow point (102) and is perpendicular to the horizontal plane as a vertical plane, taking a plane which passes through the connecting line of the left ear upper base point (104) and the right ear upper base point (105) and is perpendicular to the horizontal plane as another vertical plane, and forming a three-dimensional coordinate system of the top of the head by using the three planes;
step 3, wearing the size measuring device of the head top
Placing an inner shell (1) of the overhead dimension measuring device on the top of the head of a measured person, adjusting contact heads of displacement sensors (3) on the left side and the right side to an upper base point (104) and an upper base point (105) of the left ear and a right ear of the measured person, fixing the positions, adjusting a contact head of a middle displacement sensor (3) to a brow center point (102) of the measured person, fixing the positions, completing the positioning of the measuring device, then sleeving an outer casing (2) of the overhead dimension measuring device, and fixing the inner shell (1) and the outer casing (2) by using an outer casing fixing shell (6);
step 4, obtaining the curved surface of the top of the head
After the head measuring device is worn by a measured person, the measured person stands still for five seconds, displacement data of the measured point can be displayed on the sensor data display (4), three-dimensional coordinate values of the measured points are obtained through coordinate conversion calculation, then an interpolation curve is generated by using a parameterized interpolation curve battery pack in Grasshopper software, and a head top curved surface of the measured person is generated by using a parameterized interpolation curved surface battery pack in Grasshopper software.
6. The contact overhead dimension measurement method of claim 5, wherein the measurement points in step 1 may further include the following two types of points:
the constraint measuring points comprise eight constraint measuring points, namely a head vertex and eyebrow center point middle point (106), a head vertex and occipital rear point middle point (107), a head vertex and left ear upper base point middle point (108), a left ear upper base point and eyebrow center point middle point (109), a left ear upper base point and occipital rear point middle point (110), a head vertex and right ear upper base point middle point (111), a right ear upper base point and eyebrow center point middle point (112) and a right ear upper base point and occipital rear point middle point (113);
the general measurement points include four general measurement points, i.e., a point (114) between the points 108 and 109, a point (115) between the points 108 and 110, a point (117) between the points 111 and 112, and a point (117) between the points 111 and 113.
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