CN107585950A - The preprocess method and its device of a kind of micro-polluted raw - Google Patents

The preprocess method and its device of a kind of micro-polluted raw Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107585950A
CN107585950A CN201710740275.2A CN201710740275A CN107585950A CN 107585950 A CN107585950 A CN 107585950A CN 201710740275 A CN201710740275 A CN 201710740275A CN 107585950 A CN107585950 A CN 107585950A
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water
aeration
micro
clear water
raw
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林涛
张佳男
陈卫
郑健
陈英汉
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Hohai University HHU
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Hohai University HHU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of preprocess method of micro-polluted raw and its device, including step to be:Micro-polluted raw pH value is adjusted:PH value is adjusted to 34, iron charcoal is filtered, pH value is adjusted again using dilute sulfuric acid:PH value is adjusted to 78, biological aerated filter and dissolved oxygen concentration detection using sodium hydroxide solution.The present invention is poor for the existing conventional treatment process organics removal of water supply plant and ammonia nitrogen effect, using micro-polluted raw as water source, but when former Organic substance in water and higher ammonia nitrogen pollutant, the problem of water factory's outlet water organic substance and ammonia nitrogen are unable to stably reaching standard, the pretreating process that a kind of iron carbon filtering pool and BAF are combined is proposed, ensures that pretreated effluent quality reaches water environment quality standard(GB3838‑2002)Group III water quality standard.Treatment effeciency of the present invention is high, takes up an area less, to micro-polluted raw water quality strong adaptability, can obtain preferable economic results in society.

Description

The preprocess method and its device of a kind of micro-polluted raw
Technical field
The present invention relates to drinking water water treatment field, the preprocess method and its device of particularly a kind of micro-polluted raw.
Background technology
In recent years, being aggravated with the eutrophication of water source raw water, ammonia nitrogen is on the rise with organic concentration excessive problem, 2015《China Environmental State Bulletin》It has been shown that, each primary contamination index of large watershed in the whole nation are COD, the Huanghe valley, pine More basin ammonia nitrogens such as Hua Jiang basins, Liaohe River Basin are main contamination index.The conventional water treatment technology of water supply plant at present, i.e.,:It is mixed Solidifying-precipitation-filtering-sterilization, colloid, suspension, bacterium and the impurity being primarily directed in water body, for organic matter and ammonia nitrogen The higher raw water of concentration, the removal ability of common process is poor, and ammonia nitrogen and organic concentration excessive problem are urgently to be resolved hurrily.
At present, the domestic technique commonly used for ammonia nitrogen with the exceeded raw water of organic concentration improves conventional treatment work to strengthen Skill, further treatment technique.But all there is the problems such as removal effect is bad or application is narrower in these methods.Strengthen and improve Technological Economy is effective, but its application has limitation, strengthens the larger molecular organicses that improved technology can remove to common process Removal effect is preferable, but ammonia nitrogen, small organic molecule are still difficult to remove;Further treatment technique is widely used at present, but its Operating cost is higher, and has some limitations more.It would therefore be highly desirable to seek a kind of safer effective control method.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of micro-polluted raw Preprocess method, the preprocess method of the micro-polluted raw can effectively be removed to the ammonia nitrogen of micro-polluted raw with organic matter, Drinking water can reach water environment quality standard after processing(GB3838-2002)Group III water quality standard.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
A kind of preprocess method of micro-polluted raw, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, micro-polluted raw pH value is adjusted:Micro-polluted raw refers to that permanganate index is not higher than 15mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen is not high In 10mg/L, biodegradability is not less than 0.1 raw water;Micro-polluted raw is adjusted pH value to 3-4 using dilute sulfuric acid.
Step 2, iron charcoal filters:Micro-polluted raw after pH value regulation in step 1 is filtered into iron carbon filtration post;Its In, the filler in iron carbon filtration post is not less than 75% light electrolysis iron-carbon filling material for iron-holder, and iron carbon filtration post is vertically arranged, and pH value is adjusted Micro-polluted raw after section enters from the bottom of iron carbon filtration post, and the middle clear water after the filtering of iron carbon filtration post flows out from top, iron charcoal Residence time during filtering is 30-60min.
Step 3, pH value is adjusted again:Will using sodium hydroxide solution by the clear water in step 2 after the filtering of iron carbon filtration post PH value is adjusted to 7-8.
Step 4, biological aerated filter:Middle clear water after pH value regulation in step 3 is led into aeration and biological filter column to carry out Filtering;Wherein, the filler in aeration and biological filter column is leca filtrate, and aeration and biological filter column is vertically arranged, after pH value regulation Middle clear water enter from the bottom of aeration and biological filter column, the clear water after the filtering of aeration and biological filter column flows out from top;Aeration life When thing filters, by controlling the gas-water ratio in aeration and biological filter column, the dissolved oxygen for making the clear water after the filtering of aeration and biological filter column is 6 ±0.5mg/L。
Step 5, dissolved oxygen concentration detects:On-line checking dissolved oxygen meter is set at the top of aeration and biological filter column, when aeration is given birth to Thing filter column filtering after clear water dissolved oxygen meet 6 ± 0.5mg/L when, can using aeration and biological filter column filter after clear water as Drinking water source uses.
In step 4, the particle diameter of leca filtrate is 3-5mm, and porosity is not less than 50%.
In step 4, the gas-water ratio in aeration and biological filter column is 1-3:1.
In step 4, residence time during biological aerated filter is 15-40min.
The present invention also provides a kind of pretreatment unit of micro-polluted raw, and the pretreatment unit of the micro-polluted raw can be to micro- The ammonia nitrogen of polluted raw is effectively removed with organic matter, and micro-polluted raw can reach water environment quality standard after processing (GB3838-2002)Group III water quality standard.
A kind of pretreatment unit of micro-polluted raw, including raw water PH regulating reservoirs, iron carbon filtration post, middle clear water PH regulation Pond, aeration and biological filter column, aerator, on-line checking dissolved oxygen meter and storage tank.
Raw water PH regulating reservoirs have micro-polluted raw entrance and raw water outlet, and raw water PH regulating reservoirs will be entered using dilute sulfuric acid Micro-polluted raw pH value adjust to 3-4.
Iron carbon filtration post is vertically arranged, and the middle part of iron carbon filtration post is filled with iron carbon filtration material, the iron charcoal below iron carbon filtration material Filter column is that raw water buffers water distributing area, and the iron carbon filtration post above iron carbon filtration material is middle clear water zone;Wherein, raw water buffering water distribution Area is connected by pipeline with the raw water outlet of raw water PH regulating reservoirs, and middle clear water zone passes through pipeline and middle clear water PH regulating reservoirs Water inlet be connected.
Middle clear water PH regulating reservoirs are adjusted the pH value of the middle clear water of entrance to 7-8 using sodium hydroxide solution.
Aeration and biological filter column is vertically arranged, and the middle part of aeration and biological filter column is filled with leca filtrate, is made pottery positioned at clay Aeration and biological filter column below grain filtrate buffers water distributing area for middle clear water, the aeration and biological filter above leca filtrate Post is clear water zone;Wherein, middle clear water buffering water distributing area respectively by the delivery port of pipeline and middle clear water PH regulating reservoirs and The backwash delivery port of storage tank is connected;The bottom of leca filtrate is provided with haydite supporting layer.
Aerator includes air compressor machine, air inlet pipe, backwash air inlet pipe and air diffuser;Air diffuser is laterally set In haydite supporting layer;One end of air inlet pipe is connected with air compressor machine, and the other end of air inlet pipe is from the top of aeration and biological filter column Stretch into, and be connected with air diffuser, several ventholes are evenly equipped with the air inlet pipe in aeration and biological filter column.
One end of backwash air inlet pipe is connected with air compressor machine, and the other end for backwashing air inlet pipe stretches into middle clear water buffering Water distributing area;
On-line checking dissolved oxygen meter can detect to the dissolved oxygen amount of clear water zone in aeration and biological filter column, the clear water of aeration and biological filter column Area is connected by pipeline with the water inlet of storage tank.
Iron charcoal material taking mouth and iron charcoal discharge port are provided with the iron carbon filtration post corresponding with iron carbon filtration material.
Haydite material taking mouth and haydite discharge port are provided with the aeration and biological filter column corresponding with leca filtrate.
Raw water buffers water distributing area and middle clear water water distributing area is provided with emptying pipe.
Overflow outlet is provided with raw water PH regulating reservoirs and middle clear water PH regulating reservoirs.
Haydite supporting layer bottom is provided with the filter plate being fixedly connected with aeration and biological filter column, and several filters are evenly equipped with filter plate Head.
The present invention has the advantages that:
1. the use of above-mentioned iron carbon filtration post and aeration and biological filter column, the ammonia nitrogen of micro-polluted raw can effectively be gone with organic matter Remove, micro-polluted raw can reach water environment quality standard after processing(GB3838-2002)Group III water quality standard.
2. the iron carbon filtration material in iron carbon filtration post of the present invention can use commercially available light electrolysis iron-carbon filling material, without self-control, use Before need not move through the pre-treatment steps such as cumbersome cleaning, activation and absorption, easy to operate, operational management cost is low, suitable big rule Mould is promoted the use of.
3. iron carbon filtration post water intake mode is upward flow in the present invention, so as to effectively improve the utilization of filler in charcoal bed Rate, filtration time is short, and delays charcoal bed to pollute the cycle.
4. the middle clear water after the filtering of iron carbon filtration post in the present invention will not cause drinking water using sodium hydroxide regulation pH Body hardness raises.
5. the present invention limits the water intake mode of aeration and biological filter column as upward flow, so as to effectively improve aeration and biological filter The utilization rate of filler in pond, filtration time is short, delays to pollute the cycle.In addition, the aeration and biological filter column of the present invention does not need micro- life Thing inoculation step, the voluntarily biofilm of ceramic grain filter can be realized by normally entering water running, high treating effect, has saved microorganism The extra charge of inoculation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows a kind of structural representation of the pretreatment unit of micro-polluted raw of the present invention.
Wherein have:
10. raw water PH regulating reservoirs;11. micro-polluted raw entrance;12. raw water overflow exports;13. raw water exports;
20. iron carbon filtration post;21. raw water buffers water distributing area;211. raw water emptying pipes;22. iron charcoal supporting layer;23. iron carbon filtration material; 231. iron charcoal material taking mouths;232. iron charcoal discharge ports;24. middle clear water zone;
30. middle clear water PH regulating reservoirs;31. middle water overflow outlet;
40. aeration and biological filter column;41. middle clear water buffers water distributing area;411. middle clear water emptying pipes;42. haydite supporting layer; 421. filter plate;422. filter;43. leca filtrate;431. haydite material taking mouths;432. haydite discharge ports;44. clear water zone;
50. aerator;51. air compressor machine;52. air inlet pipe;53. backwash air inlet pipe;54. air diffuser;
60. monitor dissolved oxygen meter on-line;
70. storage tank;71. handle water inlet;72. handle water out;73. backwash delivery port.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation with specific better embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of pretreatment unit of micro-polluted raw, including raw water PH regulating reservoirs 10, iron carbon filtration post 20, in Between clear water PH regulating reservoirs 30, aeration and biological filter column 40, aerator 50, on-line checking dissolved oxygen meter 60 and storage tank 70.
Raw water PH regulating reservoirs have micro-polluted raw entrance 11, raw water overflow outlet 12 and raw water outlet 13.Wherein, raw water Overflow outlet 12 can be configured as needed, can not also be set.
Raw water PH regulating reservoirs are adjusted the micro-polluted raw pH value of entrance to 3-4, preferably 3 using dilute sulfuric acid.
Iron carbon filtration post is vertically arranged, and the middle part of iron carbon filtration post is filled with iron carbon filtration material 23, and iron carbon filtration material is preferably by being arranged on Iron charcoal supporting layer 22 in iron carbon filtration post is supported.
Iron charcoal material taking mouth 231 and iron charcoal discharge port 232 are provided with the iron carbon filtration post corresponding with iron carbon filtration material.Wherein, Iron charcoal material taking mouth 231 is used for convenient iron carbon filtration material and water sample to iron carbon filtration post and is sampled detection.
Iron carbon filtration post below iron carbon filtration material buffers water distributing area 21 for raw water, and raw water buffering water distributing area preferably passes through pipe Road and valve are connected with the raw water outlet of raw water PH regulating reservoirs.
Raw water buffering water distributing area is preferably provided with raw water emptying pipe 211.
Iron carbon filtration post above iron carbon filtration material is middle clear water zone 24, and middle clear water zone preferably passes through pipeline and valve It is connected with the water inlet of middle clear water PH regulating reservoirs.
Middle clear water PH regulating reservoirs 30 are adjusted the pH value of the middle clear water of entrance to 7-8 using sodium hydroxide solution, in Between middle clean water overflow outlet 31 is further preferably provided with clear water PH regulating reservoirs 30.
Aeration and biological filter column 40 is vertically arranged, and the middle part of aeration and biological filter column is filled with leca filtrate 43, clay pottery The bottom of grain filtrate is provided with haydite supporting layer 42, and haydite supporting layer bottom is provided with the filter plate being fixedly connected with aeration and biological filter column 421, several filters 422 are evenly equipped with filter plate.
Haydite material taking mouth 431 and haydite discharge port are provided with the aeration and biological filter column corresponding with leca filtrate 432.Wherein, haydite material taking mouth 431 is used to conveniently be sampled detection to the leca filtrate and water sample of aeration and biological filter column.
Aeration and biological filter column below leca filtrate buffers water distributing area 41, middle clear water buffering for middle clear water Water distributing area is preferably connected by the delivery port of pipeline and valve and middle clear water PH regulating reservoirs.
Middle clear water emptying pipe 411 is preferably provided with middle clear water buffering water distributing area 41.
Aeration and biological filter column above leca filtrate is clear water zone 44, and the clear water in clear water zone preferably passes through pipe Road and valve are connected with the processing water inlet 71 of storage tank, the processing water out access subsequent treatment process of storage tank.
Storage tank, which also has, backwashes delivery port 73, and the backwash delivery port 73 is preferably clear by pipeline and valve and centre Water buffering water distributing area is connected, and realizes automatic back-flushing function, and road discharge is separately taken in backwash draining from clear water zone.
Aerator 50 includes air compressor machine 51, air inlet pipe 52, backwash air inlet pipe 53 and air diffuser 54.Air spreads Device is horizontally installed in haydite supporting layer;One end of air inlet pipe is connected with air compressor machine, and the other end of air inlet pipe is from aeration and biological Stretch at the top of filter column, and be connected with air diffuser, several are evenly equipped with the air inlet pipe in aeration and biological filter column Venthole.
One end of backwash air inlet pipe is connected with air compressor machine, and the other end for backwashing air inlet pipe stretches into middle clear water buffering Water distributing area.
On-line checking dissolved oxygen meter 60 can detect to the dissolved oxygen amount of clear water zone in aeration and biological filter column, aeration and biological filter column Clear water zone be connected by pipeline with the water inlet of storage tank.
A kind of preprocess method of micro-polluted raw, comprises the following steps.
Step 1, micro-polluted raw pH value is adjusted:Micro-polluted raw refers to that permanganate index is not higher than 15mg/L, ammonia nitrogen (In terms of N)Not higher than 10mg/L, biodegradability(BOD5/CODcr)Raw water not less than 0.1;Micro-polluted raw is used into dilute sulfuric acid PH value is adjusted to 3-4, preferably 3.
Step 2, iron charcoal filters:Micro-polluted raw after pH value regulation in step 1 is filtered into iron carbon filtration post;Its In, the filler in iron carbon filtration post is not less than 75% light electrolysis iron-carbon filling material for iron-holder, and iron carbon filtration post is vertically arranged, and pH value is adjusted Micro-polluted raw after section enters from the bottom of iron carbon filtration post, and the middle clear water after the filtering of iron carbon filtration post flows out from top, iron charcoal Residence time during filtering is 30-60min, preferably 30min.
Step 3, pH value is adjusted again:Will using sodium hydroxide solution by the clear water in step 2 after the filtering of iron carbon filtration post PH value is adjusted to 7-8, preferably 7.5.
Step 4, biological aerated filter:Middle clear water after pH value regulation in step 3 is led into aeration and biological filter column to carry out Filtering.
Wherein, the filler in aeration and biological filter column is leca filtrate, and the particle diameter of leca filtrate is 3-5mm, hole Gap rate is not less than 50%.
Aeration and biological filter column is vertically arranged, and the middle clear water after pH value regulation enters from the bottom of aeration and biological filter column, exposes Clear water after the filtering of gas biologic filter flows out from top.
During biological aerated filter, by controlling the gas-water ratio in aeration and biological filter column, after filtering aeration and biological filter column The dissolved oxygen of clear water is 6 ± 0.5mg/L;Gas-water ratio is preferably 1-3:1, more preferably 1:1.
Residence time during biological aerated filter is 15-40min, preferably 30min.
Step 5, dissolved oxygen concentration detects:On-line checking dissolved oxygen meter is set at the top of aeration and biological filter column, when aeration is given birth to Thing filter column filtering after clear water dissolved oxygen meet 6 ± 0.5mg/L when, can using aeration and biological filter column filter after clear water as Drinking water source uses.
The micro-polluted raw pretreating effect of the present embodiment is shown in such as table 1 below.
Table 1
Index Micro-polluted raw Aeration and biological filter column water outlet
Turbidity(NTU) 6.3 1.38
Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 1.63 0.13
Permanganate index (mg/L) 9.33 2.77
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 8.2 6.2
pH 8.14 7.13
As it can be seen from table 1 present embodiment technological process is short, simple to operate, safe and reliable, pretreating effect is good, aeration Biofilter water outlet fully meets water environment quality standard(GB3838-2002)Group III water quality standard.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above, still, the present invention are not limited in above-mentioned embodiment Detail, in the range of the technology design of the present invention, a variety of equivalents can be carried out to technical scheme, this A little equivalents belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of 1. preprocess method of micro-polluted raw, it is characterised in that:Comprise the following steps:
    Step 1, micro-polluted raw pH value is adjusted:Micro-polluted raw refers to that permanganate index is not higher than 15mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen is not high In 10mg/L, biodegradability is not less than 0.1 raw water;Micro-polluted raw is adjusted pH value to 3-4 using dilute sulfuric acid;
    Step 2, iron charcoal filters:Micro-polluted raw after pH value regulation in step 1 is filtered into iron carbon filtration post;Wherein, Filler in iron carbon filtration post is not less than 75% light electrolysis iron-carbon filling material for iron-holder, and iron carbon filtration post is vertically arranged, after pH value regulation Micro-polluted raw enter from the bottom of iron carbon filtration post, middle the clear water after the filtering of iron carbon filtration post flows out from top, and iron charcoal filters When residence time be 30-60min;
    Step 3, pH value is adjusted again:Clear water in step 2 after the filtering of iron carbon filtration post is used into sodium hydroxide solution by pH value Adjust to 7-8;
    Step 4, biological aerated filter:Middle clear water after pH value regulation in step 3 is led into aeration and biological filter column to be filtered; Wherein, the filler in aeration and biological filter column is leca filtrate, and aeration and biological filter column is vertically arranged, the centre after pH value regulation Clear water enters from the bottom of aeration and biological filter column, and the clear water after the filtering of aeration and biological filter column flows out from top;Biological aerated filter When, by controlling the gas-water ratio in aeration and biological filter column, make aeration and biological filter column filter after clear water dissolved oxygen for 6 ± 0.5mg/L;
    Step 5, dissolved oxygen concentration detects:On-line checking dissolved oxygen meter is set at the top of aeration and biological filter column, when aeration and biological is filtered When the dissolved oxygen of clear water after post filtering meets 6 ± 0.5mg/L, the clear water after can aeration and biological filter column be filtered is as drinking Water source uses.
  2. 2. the preprocess method of micro-polluted raw according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step 4, leca filter The particle diameter of material is 3-5mm, and porosity is not less than 50%.
  3. 3. the preprocess method of micro-polluted raw according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step 4, aeration and biological filter Gas-water ratio in post is 1-3:1.
  4. 4. the preprocess method of micro-polluted raw according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step 4, aeration and biological mistake Residence time during filter is 15-40min.
  5. A kind of 5. pretreatment unit of micro-polluted raw, it is characterised in that:It is clear including raw water PH regulating reservoirs, iron carbon filtration post, centre Water PH regulating reservoirs, aeration and biological filter column, aerator, on-line checking dissolved oxygen meter and storage tank;
    Raw water PH regulating reservoirs have micro-polluted raw entrance and raw water outlet, and raw water PH regulating reservoirs use dilute sulfuric acid by the micro- of entrance Polluted raw pH value is adjusted to 3-4;
    Iron carbon filtration post is vertically arranged, and the middle part of iron carbon filtration post is filled with iron carbon filtration material, the iron carbon filtration post below iron carbon filtration material Water distributing area is buffered for raw water, the iron carbon filtration post above iron carbon filtration material is middle clear water zone;Wherein, raw water buffering water distributing area leads to The raw water outlet for crossing pipeline and raw water PH regulating reservoirs is connected, and middle clear water zone is entered by pipeline and middle clear water PH regulating reservoirs The mouth of a river is connected;
    Middle clear water PH regulating reservoirs are adjusted the pH value of the middle clear water of entrance to 7-8 using sodium hydroxide solution;
    Aeration and biological filter column is vertically arranged, and the middle part of aeration and biological filter column is filled with leca filtrate, is filtered positioned at leca The aeration and biological filter column of material lower section buffers water distributing area for middle clear water, and the aeration and biological filter column above leca filtrate is Clear water zone;Wherein, middle clear water buffering water distributing area passes through pipeline and the delivery port and water storage of middle clear water PH regulating reservoirs respectively The backwash delivery port of case is connected;The bottom of leca filtrate is provided with filtrate supporting layer;
    Aerator includes air compressor machine, air inlet pipe, backwash air inlet pipe and air diffuser;Air diffuser is horizontally installed on filter Expect in supporting layer;One end of air inlet pipe is connected with air compressor machine, and the other end of air inlet pipe stretches at the top of aeration and biological filter column, And be connected with air diffuser, it is evenly equipped with several ventholes in the air inlet pipe in aeration and biological filter column;
    One end of backwash air inlet pipe is connected with air compressor machine, and the other end for backwashing air inlet pipe stretches into middle clear water buffering water distribution Area;
    On-line checking dissolved oxygen meter can detect to the dissolved oxygen amount of clear water zone in aeration and biological filter column, the clear water of aeration and biological filter column Area is connected by pipeline with the water inlet of storage tank.
  6. 6. the pretreatment unit of micro-polluted raw according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:It is corresponding with iron carbon filtration material Iron charcoal material taking mouth and iron charcoal discharge port are provided with iron carbon filtration post.
  7. 7. the pretreatment unit of micro-polluted raw according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:It is relative with leca filtrate Haydite material taking mouth and haydite discharge port are provided with the aeration and biological filter column answered.
  8. 8. the pretreatment unit of micro-polluted raw according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:Raw water buffers water distributing area with Between clear water water distributing area be provided with emptying pipe.
  9. 9. the pretreatment unit of micro-polluted raw according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:Raw water PH regulating reservoirs and centre Overflow outlet is provided with clear water PH regulating reservoirs.
  10. 10. the pretreatment unit of micro-polluted raw according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:Haydite supporting layer bottom is set There is the filter plate being fixedly connected with aeration and biological filter column, several filters are evenly equipped with filter plate.
CN201710740275.2A 2017-08-25 2017-08-25 The preprocess method and its device of a kind of micro-polluted raw Pending CN107585950A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102225827A (en) * 2011-05-24 2011-10-26 青岛理工大学 Treatment method for wastewater from straw pulp papermaking intermediate section
CN102557350A (en) * 2012-01-19 2012-07-11 合肥德安水处理设备有限公司 Purification system for micro-polluted raw water and purification method thereof
WO2014187296A1 (en) * 2013-05-19 2014-11-27 波鹰(厦门)科技有限公司 Regenerating and recycling apparatus and method for advanced treatment papermaking wastewater

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Application publication date: 20180116