CN107580224A - A kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes - Google Patents
A kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes, is specially：Adaptive scanning and entropy code are carried out to the related syntactic element in last nonzero coefficient position in TU first；It is then determined that the syntactic element sig_coeff_flag in TU in the syntactic element CSBF of each sub-block and sub-block in each coefficient positions；CSBF values are calculated respectively and sig_coeff_flag values are equal to minimum probability symbol LPS prediction probability, and are ranked up, scan, are encoded respectively；Finally to the adaptive scanning and entropy code of all nonzero coefficient amplitude relevant syntax elements in TU.Adaptive scanning method of the present invention so that intersymbol correlation is sufficiently utilized by HEVC, further lifts code efficiency；Extra code stream information need not be transmitted for decoding end more；And there is relatively low encoder complexity, the 0.33% of only existing algorithm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of video coding, is related to a kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes.
Background technology
Video can bring more lively subjective feeling to user, and it has progressively penetrated into each angle of our lives
Fall.With the appearance of " high-resolution, high frame per second, high pixel locating depth " so high definition/ultra high-definition video, increasing user's ginseng
With into associated video business, immersively experiencing high definition/unique charm caused by ultra high-definition video.It is but huge
The video data volume not only increases the burden of Video Storage System and global communications network, also have impact on deployment and the reality of new business
Apply on border.Therefore video encoding standard HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding, efficient video coding) of new generation
Based on predictive coding, transition coding, entropy code, with reference to human visual system, spatial domain, regarding in time domain are removed as much as possible
Redundancy is felt to meet memory bandwidth or transmission bandwidth.
HEVC has still continued to use traditional block-based hybrid coding structure, mainly has and predicts within the frame/frames, converts, amount
Change, entropy code, several modules such as block-eliminating effect filtering.Compared with former coding standard, HEVC have also been introduced some new volumes
Code technology：Block expression based on quad-tree structure, unified directional intra prediction, advanced motion-vector prediction, large scale
Discrete cosine transform, adaptive scanning, the more preferable context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding of performance, sampling point adaptive equalization filter
Ripple etc..
In description prediction residual, HEVC employs TU (Transform unit, conversion based on Quadtree Partition structure
Unit) pattern, the optional sizes of TU have 4 × 4,8 × 8,16 × 16,32 × 32.By adaptive scanning technique, one two in TU
The prediction residual of dimension is mapped in one-dimension array to realize that follow-up entropy code operates.Wherein adaptive scanning technique conduct
The HEVC step of key one, directly affect the size of final coding bit rate.According to rate-distortion optimization principle, in given video weight
On the premise of structure quality, it should ensure that the final number of coded bits for the one-dimensional coefficient that adaptive scanning technique obtains is minimum.
Zigzag scanning techniques are widely applied in Video coding, and the residual error coefficient in block is with fixed within the frame/frames
Scanning sequency is mapped in one-dimension array (see Wiegand T., Sullivan G., Bjontegaard G., Luthra
A..Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard[J].IEEE Trans.Circuits
Syst.Video Technol.,2003).Fouak et al. is by Zigzag scan modes, horizontal sweep mode, vertical scanning mode
Be combined together with Hibert scan modes, establish a kind of new scan method (Fouak F., Benzid R.,
Benoudjit N..Color image compression algorithm based onthe DCT transform
combined to an adaptive block scanning[J].Int.J.Electron.Commun.,2011).Due to right
Angle sweep can preferably reduce data redundancy information, Sole et al. proposition diagonal scan substitution Zigzag scannings, with reference to water
Simple scan and vertical scanning, a kind of new adaptive scanning method is drawn, and applied this method in HEVC codings
(Sole J.,Joshi R.,Nguyen N..Transform coefficient coding in HEVC[J].IEEE
Trans.Circuits Syst.Video Technol.,2012).The distribution that the above method considers Prediction Parameters coefficient is special
Property, code efficiency is improved to a certain extent.But because scan model is relatively more fixed, the characteristic of follow-up entropy code is have ignored, its
Limit the further lifting of coding efficiency.Therefore when the prediction residual to TU layers encodes, establish and be suitable to HEVC entropys volume
The adaptive scanning method of code is necessary.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes, it is possible to increase HEVC volume
Code performance, and there is relatively low encoder complexity.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is a kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes, it is specific press with
Lower step is implemented：
Step 1, adaptive scanning and entropy code are carried out to the related syntactic element in last nonzero coefficient position in TU；
Step 2, adaptive scanning and entropy code are carried out to the related syntactic element in other nonzero coefficient positions in TU：
2.1 are divided into a TU sub-block of one or more 4 × 4 sizes；According to the residual error coefficient after quantifying, it is determined that often
Syntactic element sig_coeff_flag in the syntactic element CSBF and sub-block of one sub-block in each coefficient positions；CSBF
For identifying whether each sub-block contains nonzero coefficient, sig_coeff_flag is used for the position for identifying nonzero coefficient in sub-block
Put；
2.2 calculate each syntactic element CSBF values and each syntactic element sig_coeff_flag values equal to minimum generally
Rate symbol LPS prediction probability, and be ranked up, scan, encode respectively；
Step 3, to the adaptive scanning and entropy code of all nonzero coefficient amplitude relevant syntax elements in TU.
The features of the present invention also resides in,
Step 1 is specially：Using original adaptive scanning method in HEVC, obtain prediction residual in TU last
The coordinate (X, Y) of nonzero coefficient；According to the coordinate value, the related syntactic element in last nonzero coefficient position is obtained：last_
Sig_coeff_x_prefix, last_sig_coeff_y_prefix, last_sig_coeff_x_suffix, last_sig_
Coeff_y_suffix, and four syntactic elements are scanned successively and entropy code.
Step 2.2 is specially：
1. context probability index and LPS corresponding to each CSBF and sig_coeff_flag are obtained respectively；
2. predict probability when each CSBF value and sig_coeff_flag values are equal to the LPS corresponding to it；
3. carrying out region division to CSBF and sig_coeff_flag respectively, there will be identical context probability rope respectively
The CSBF and sig_coeff_flag for drawing value are grouped into corresponding same subregion；
4. the subregion corresponding to CSBF and sig_coeff_flag is ranked up respectively, it is scanned and entropy code.
Probability during corresponding LPS is predicted, is specially：Define symbol s and represent syntactic element, S represents encoded language
Method element sequence；According to the Probability p of K-T methods of estimation, then s=11With s=0 Probability p0It is respectively：
p0=1-p1
Wherein n0And n1The frequency that syntactic element sequence S intermediate values are 0 and value is 1 appearance is represented respectively.
Subregion ordering requirements are：It is ranked up between subregion according to corresponding context probability index value is descending,
It is ranked up in subregion according to corresponding prediction probability value is ascending.
Step 3 is specially：Using original adaptive scanning method in HEVC, it is corresponding to obtain each nonzero coefficient in TU
Syntactic element：coeff_abs_level_greater1_flag、coeff_abs_level_greater2_flag、coeff_
Sign_flag and coeff_abs_level_remaining, and four syntactic elements are scanned successively and entropy code.
The invention has the advantages that
(1) present invention predicts the probability of syntax element value appearance to be encoded from the angle of probability theory, is adaptively swept for HEVC
Theoretical foundation has been established in the foundation for retouching method.
(2) present invention considers that the operating mechanism of entropy code establishes adaptive scanning method so that intersymbol correlation
Sufficiently utilized by HEVC, further lift code efficiency.
(3) present invention coding information known to usinging establishes adaptive scanning method, without to transmit volume decoding end more
Outer code stream information.
(4) adaptive scanning method that the present invention is carried has relatively low encoder complexity, only existing algorithm
0.33%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of adaptive scanning method flow chart towards HEVC entropy codes of the invention；
Fig. 2 is that cycle tests is the inventive method figure compared with the distortion performance of the existing algorithms of HEVC under BQMall；
Fig. 3 be cycle tests be FourPeople under the inventive method compared with the distortion performance of the existing algorithms of HEVC
Figure.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
The invention provides a kind of flow of the adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes as shown in figure 1, specifically pressing
Implement according to following steps：
Step 1, according to the existing adaptive scanning methods of HEVC, the two dimension of last nonzero coefficient position in TU is obtained
Coordinate；
Step 2, according to two digit coordinates in step 1, the related syntactic element in last nonzero coefficient position is determined
Last_sig_coeff_x_prefix, last_sig_coeff_y_prefix, last_sig_coeff_x_suffix, last_
Sig_coeff_y_suffix values, then carry out entropy code；
Step 3, the syntactic element CSBF that each nonzero coefficient position is related in TU is obtained；
Step 4, context probability index and LPS corresponding to each CSBF are obtained；
Step 5, according to formula (1) predict each CSBF value be equal to it corresponding to LPS when probability；
Wherein, s represents syntactic element, and S represents encoded syntactic element sequence, p1For s=1 probability and p0For s=0
Probability, n0And n1The frequency that syntactic element sequence S intermediate values are 0 and value is 1 appearance is represented respectively
Step 6, region division is carried out to CSBF, the CSBF with identical context probability index value is grouped into a son
In region；
Step 7, it is ranked up between subregion according to context probability index value is descending corresponding to CSBF, subregion
It is interior to be ranked up according to prediction probability value is ascending corresponding to CSBF.CBFS sequences according to sequencing are scanned to be compiled with entropy
Code；
Step 8, the syntactic element sig_coeff_flag that each nonzero coefficient position is related in TU is obtained；
Step 9, context probability index and LPS corresponding to sig_coeff_flag are obtained；
Step 10, according to formula (1) predict each sig_coeff_flag value be equal to it corresponding to LPS when probability；
Step 11, region division is carried out to sig_coeff_flag, by with identical context probability index value
Sig_coeff_flag is grouped into a sub-regions；
Step 12, according to the descending progress of context probability index value corresponding to sig_coeff_flag between subregion
Sequence, subregion is interior to be ranked up according to prediction probability value is ascending corresponding to sig_coeff_flag.According to what is sequenced
Sig_coeff_flag sequences are scanned and entropy code；
Step 13, obtain the related syntactic element coeff_abs_level_greater1_flag of nonzero coefficient amplitude,
Coeff_abs_level_greater2_flag, coeff_sign_flag and coeff_abs_level_remaining, to this
Four syntactic elements are scanned successively and entropy code.
The present invention in the related syntactic element adaptive scanning in last nonzero coefficient position, on the one hand considers in TU
The syntactic element quantity being related to a last nonzero coefficient position is seldom, on the other hand to ensure that being put forward technology does not influence HEVC
The operation of decoding end, therefore continue to use original adaptive scanning method in HEVC and be scanned.
Nonzero coefficient positional information is encoded using entropy code Zhong Chang roads model in TU, and HEVC is adaptive using which kind of
Answer scan method to directly affect this final code efficiency, therefore nonzero coefficient is established by considering the operational mode of entropy code
The related syntactic element adaptive scanning method in position is necessary.Specific practice is that a TU is divided into 1 first
Or the sub-block of multiple 4 × 4 sizes；Residual error coefficient after foundation quantization, determine the syntactic element CSBF (coded_ of each sub-block
) and the syntactic element sig_coeff_flag in sub-block in each coefficient positions sub_block_flag.CSBF is used to mark
Know whether each sub-block contains nonzero coefficient, sig_coeff_flag is used for the position for identifying nonzero coefficient in sub-block.
Secondly define symbol s and represent syntactic element, S represents encoded syntactic element sequence.According to K-T methods of estimation,
Then s=1 Probability p1With s=0 Probability p0It is respectively：
p0=1-p1
Wherein n0And n1The frequency that syntactic element sequence S intermediate values are 0 and value is 1 appearance is represented respectively.Calculate each grammer
Elements C SBF values are equal to the prediction probability of minimum probability symbol (LPS), calculate each syntactic element sig_coeff_flag values
Prediction probability equal to LPS.
According to entropy code principle, context probability index used in syntactic element CSBF is obtained.By context probability rope
Quotation marks identical CSBF syntactic elements are classified as a sub-regions, and based on context probability call number value is descending between subregion
It is ranked up, the interior prediction probability value according to each syntactic element CSBF of subregion is ascending to be ranked up, after sequence
CSBF scan and be sent into entropy coder successively.
According to entropy code principle, context probability index used in syntactic element sig_coeff_flag is obtained.Will be upper
Hereafter probability call number identical sig_coeff_flag syntactic elements are classified as a sub-regions, between subregion based on context
Probability call number value is descending to be ranked up, and the prediction in subregion according to each syntactic element sig_coeff_flag is general
Rate value is ascending to be ranked up, and the sig_coeff_flag after sequence is scanned and is sent into entropy coder successively.
Nonzero coefficient amplitude mainly uses the bypass model in entropy code to be encoded in TU, and HEVC is adaptive using which kind of
Answer scan method to influence final number of coded bits smaller, therefore continue to use original adaptive scanning method in HEVC and swept
Retouch.Using original adaptive scanning method in HEVC, syntactic element corresponding to each nonzero coefficient in TU is obtained：coeff_
Abs_level_greater1_flag, coeff_abs_level_greater2_flag, coeff_sign_flag and coeff_
This four syntactic elements are scanned and entropy code by abs_level_remaining successively.
The effect of the present invention is further illustrated by testing.
Experiment test different resolution, the coding efficiency of this paper institutes extracting method under different application scene.Fig. 2 gives
Cycle tests is present invention figure compared with the distortion performance of the original algorithms of HEVC under Cactus.Fig. 3 gives cycle tests
Present invention figure compared with the distortion performance of the original algorithms of HEVC under BQMall.The present invention is carried it can be seen from Fig. 2 and 3
Code efficiency towards the adaptive scanning method scan method more original than HEVC of HEVC entropy codes is high.Statistical result shows this
The video quality Y-PSNR PSNR that obtained video quality Y-PSNR PSNR methods more original than HEVC obtain is invented to put down
It is higher by 0.09dB.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes, it is characterised in that specifically implement according to the following steps：
Step 1, adaptive scanning and entropy code are carried out to the related syntactic element in last nonzero coefficient position in TU；
Step 2, adaptive scanning and entropy code are carried out to the related syntactic element in other nonzero coefficient positions in TU：
2.1 are divided into a TU sub-block of one or more 4 × 4 sizes；According to the residual error coefficient after quantifying, each is determined
Syntactic element sig_coeff_flag in the syntactic element CSBF and sub-block of sub-block in each coefficient positions；CSBF is used for
Identify whether each sub-block contains nonzero coefficient, sig_coeff_flag is used for the position for identifying nonzero coefficient in sub-block；
2.2 calculate each syntactic element CSBF values and each syntactic element sig_coeff_flag values accords with equal to minimum probability
Number LPS prediction probability, and be ranked up, scan, encode respectively；
Step 3, to the adaptive scanning and entropy code of all nonzero coefficient amplitude relevant syntax elements in TU.
A kind of 2. adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
Rapid 1 is specially：Using original adaptive scanning method in HEVC, prediction residual last nonzero coefficient in TU is obtained
Coordinate (X, Y)；According to the coordinate value, the related syntactic element in last nonzero coefficient position is obtained：last_sig_coeff_
X_prefix, last_sig_coeff_y_prefix, last_sig_coeff_x_suffix, last_sig_coeff_y_
Suffix, and four syntactic elements are scanned successively and entropy code.
A kind of 3. adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
Rapid 2.2 are specially：
1. context probability index and LPS corresponding to each CSBF and sig_coeff_flag are obtained respectively；
2. predict probability when each CSBF value and sig_coeff_flag values are equal to the LPS corresponding to it；
3. carrying out region division to CSBF and sig_coeff_flag respectively, there will be identical context probability index value respectively
CSBF and sig_coeff_flag be grouped into corresponding same subregion；
4. the subregion corresponding to CSBF and sig_coeff_flag is ranked up respectively, it is scanned and entropy code.
4. a kind of adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described pre-
Probability during corresponding LPS is surveyed, is specially：Define symbol s and represent syntactic element, S represents encoded syntactic element sequence；
According to the Probability p of K-T methods of estimation, then s=11With s=0 Probability p0It is respectively：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>0.5</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
p0=1-p1
Wherein n0And n1The frequency that syntactic element sequence S intermediate values are 0 and value is 1 appearance is represented respectively.
A kind of 5. adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the son
Region ordering requirements are：It is ranked up according to corresponding context probability index value is descending between subregion, is pressed in subregion
It is ranked up according to corresponding prediction probability value is ascending.
A kind of 6. adaptive scanning method towards HEVC entropy codes according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step
Rapid 3 are specially：Using original adaptive scanning method in HEVC, grammer member corresponding to each nonzero coefficient in TU is obtained
Element：coeff_abs_level_greater1_flag、coeff_abs_level_greater2_flag、coeff_sign_
Flag and coeff_abs_level_remaining, and four syntactic elements are scanned successively and entropy code.
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